LEADERSHIP

ON THE BASIS OF MANAGERIAL GRID IDENTIFY THE LEADERSHIP STYLE FOLLOWED BY THE LEADER (MANAGER) IN

AN ORGANIZATION”

A LEADERSHIP STORY :

A group of workers and their leaders are set a task of clearing a road through a dense jungle on a remote island to get to the coast where an estuary provides a perfect site for a port.

The leaders organise the labour into efficient units and monitor the distribution and use of capital assets – progress is excellent. The leaders continue to monitor and evaluate progress, making adjustments along the way to ensure the progress is maintained and efficiency increased wherever possible.

Then, one day amidst all the hustle and bustle and activity, one person climbs up a nearby tree. The person surveys the scene from the top of the tree.

A LEADERSHIP STORY:

And shouts down to the assembled group below…

“Wrong Way!”

(Story adapted from Stephen Covey (2004) “The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” Simon & Schuster).

“Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things”

(Warren Bennis and Peter Drucker)

LEADERA leader is defined as:

A person who establishes a vision, set goals, motivates people and obtain their

commitment to achieve the goals and realize the vision.

LEADERSHIP

WHAT IS LEADERSHIP ?

Leadership is the factor that helps individuals and groups

to achieve the goal .

Leadership is a process of influencing people to direct their

efforts towards the attainment of some particular goal or

objectives.

Leadership is a process of encouraging and helping others to

work enthusiastically towards objectives.

DEFINITIONS

1. Chester Barnard Leadership is the ability of a superior to influence the

behavior of his subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action.

2. Koontz and O’ Donnel Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce

subordinates to work with confidence and zeal.

3. George R. Terry Leadership is the activity influencing people to strive

willingly for mutual objectives.

WHAT IT TAKES TO BE AN EFFECTIVE LEADER

Effective leaders influence people to do things the way they want them

done.

Relationships play a major role in having the desired level of influence over

people.

Therefore leaders constantly attempt to build, maintain and expand their net

work of relationships.

They take the following measures to enhance their relationships and thus

their ability to influence people:

 

They recognize that individuals differ in their needs, goals and wishes, and therefore modify their behaviour from one relationship to another accordingly.

  They encourage people to recognize their hidden talents and capabilities.

  They ignore criticism by opponents on their emphasis on relationships.

  They strive to maintain enthusiasm and energy in all their relationships.

Their high energy levels motivate other people. 

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLE

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLE

Autocratic: Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else

High degree of dependency on the leader

Can create de-motivation and alienation of staff

May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly and decisively

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLE

Democratic:

Encourages decision making from different perspectives – leadership may be emphasised throughout the organisation Consultative: process of consultation before decisions

are taken Persuasive: Leader takes decision and seeks to persuade

others that the decision is correct

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLE

Democratic:

May help motivation and involvement Workers feel ownership of the firm and its ideas Improves the sharing of ideas

and experiences within the business Can delay decision making

Types of Leadership Style

Laissez-Faire:

‘Let it be’ – the leadership responsibilities are ashared by all

Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are important

Can be highly motivational, as people have control over their working life

Can make coordination and decision making time-consuming and lacking in overall direction

Relies on good team work Relies on good interpersonal relations

TYPES OF LEADERSHIP STYLE

Paternalistic:

Leader acts as a ‘father figure’ Paternalistic leader makes decision but may

consult Believes in the need to support staff

CHANGE LEADERSHIP

CHANGE LEADERSHIP

The most challenging aspect of business is leading and managing change

The business environment is subject to fast-paced economic and social change

Modern business must adapt and be flexible to survive

Problems in leading change stem mainly from human resource management

CHANGE LEADERSHIP

Leaders need to be aware of how change impacts on workers:

Series of self-esteem states identified by Adams et al and cited by Garrett

Change LeadershipSelf-esteem

Time

1. Immobilisation – as rumours of the change circulate, the individual feels some sense of shock and possible disbelief – so much so that they deem it worthy of doing nothing.

1

2. Minimisation: As the change becomes clearer, people try to fit in the change with their own personal position and may try to believe that it will not affect them.

2

3. Depression: as reality begins to dawn staff may feel alienated and angry, feelings of a lack of control of events overtake people and they feel depressed as they try to reconcile what is happening with their own personal situation.

3

4

4. Acceptance/letting go: The lowest point in self-esteem finally sees people starting to accept the inevitable. Fear of the future is a feature of this stage.

5

5. Testing out: Individuals begin to interact with the change, they start to ask questions to see how they might work with the change.

6

6. Search for meaning: Individuals begin to work with the change and see how they might be able to make the change work for them – self esteem begins to rise.

7

7. Internalisation: the change is understood and adopted within the individual’s own understanding – they now know how to work with it and feel a renewed sense of confidence and self esteem.

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

Trait theories:

Is there a set of characteristics that determine a good leader? Personality? Dominance and personal presence? Charisma? Self confidence? Achievement? Ability to formulate a clear vision?

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

Trait theories:

Are such characteristics inherently gender biased?

Do such characteristics produce good leaders?

Is leadership more than just bringing about change?

Does this imply that leaders are born not bred?

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

Behavioural:

Imply that leaders can be trained – focus on the way of doing things Structure based behavioural theories – focus on the

leader instituting structures – task orientated Relationship based behavioural theories – focus on the

development and maintenance of relationships – process orientated

THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

Contingency Theories:

Leadership as being more flexible – different leadership styles used at different times depending on the circumstance.

Suggests leadership is not a fixed series of characteristics that can be transposed into different contexts

Factors Affecting Style

FACTORS AFFECTING STYLE Leadership style may be dependent on various

factors:

Risk - decision making and change initiatives based on degree of risk involved

Type of business – creative business or supply driven?

How important change is – change for change’s sake?

Organisational culture – may be long embedded and difficult to change

Nature of the task – needing cooperation? Direction? Structure?

STUDY OF

LEADERSHIP STYLE

ON THE BASIS OF

MANAGERIAL GRID

INTRODUCTION

Blake and Mouton developed a two- dimensional matrix model of leadership .

The model consists of nine rows and columns.

The rows represent the leader’s concern for production , while the columns represent the concern for people.

Blake and Mouton found five intersection points in the model :-

1,11,99,15,5 &9,9

SCOPE OF THE STUDY 

The study was conducted on the employees of

RELIANCE COMMUNICATIONS, BIRLA SUN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY LTD., ICICI PRUDENTIAL LIFE INSURANCE LTD., BAJAJ ALLIANZ GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD.

  

SCHEDULE

Below is a list of statements about leadership behaviour. Read each one

carefully, then, using the following scale, decide the extent to which it

actually applies to you.

For best results, answer as truthfully as possible.

never sometimes always

0 1 2 3 4 5

Your Manager

1. _______ encourage his/her team to participate when it comes decision making time and try to implement their ideas and suggestions.

2. _______ Nothing is more important than accomplishing a goal or task.

3. _______ he/she closely monitor the schedule to ensure a task or project will be completed in time.

4. _______ he/she enjoy coaching people on new tasks and procedures.

5. _______ The more challenging a task is, the more he/she enjoy it.

6. _______ he/she encourage his/her employees to be creative about their job.

7. ______ When seeing a complex task through to completion, he/she ensure that every detail is accounted for him/here.

8. _______ he/she find it easy to carry out several complicated tasks at the same time.

9. _______ he/she enjoy reading articles, books, and journals about training, leadership, and psychology; and then putting what he/she have read into action.

10. _______ When correcting mistakes, he/she do not worry about jeopardizing relationships.

11. _______ he/she manage his/her time very efficiently.

12. ______ he/she enjoy explaining the intricacies and details of a complex task or project to his/her employees.  

13. _______ Breaking large projects into small manageable tasks is second nature to him/her.

14. _______ Nothing is more important than building a great team for him/her.

15. _______ he/she enjoy analyzing problems.

16. _______ he/she honour other people's boundaries.

17. _______ Counselling his/her employees to improve their performance or behaviour is second nature to him/her.

18. _______ he/she enjoy reading articles, books, and trade journals about his/her profession; and then implementing the new procedures he/she have learned.

SCORING SECTION

After completing the schedule, transfer your answers to the spaces

below:  

People Task Question Question

1.______  2.______

4.______  3.______ 

6.______  5.______

9.______  7.______

10.______  8.______

12.______  11.______ 

14.______  13.______ 

16.______  15.______

17.______  18.______ 

TOTAL ______ X 0.2(GIVEN) ________  TOTAL _____ X 0.2(GIVEN)= _____ 

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BAJAJ ALLIANZE

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