On Next Generation Networks and Applications
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Transcript of On Next Generation Networks and Applications
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On Next Generation Networks and Applications
Wen-Tsuen ChenDepartment of Computer ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityJune 13, 2005
Presented in IDPT 2005, Beijing
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Outline Milestones of Networks Internet Applications Switched networks Wireless networks Next Generation Networks Next Generation Applications Some Research Results Conclusions
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Arpanet introduced in 1969 TCP/IP, by V. Cerf and R. Kahn, in 1974 Ethernet, by R. M. Metcalfe et al., in
1976 Cellular telephones in 1978 PC introduced in early 1980s Proliferation of LANs and hence the
Internet in mid 1980s Mosaic browser in 1993 and World-Wide
Web Consortium in 1994
Milestones of Networks
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Internet Applications Genesis to Early 80s
Email, ftp, telnet Late 80s
News, bbs, distributed and parallel computing Early 90s
Gopher, WWW, hypertext Late 90s
On-line game, auction, stock quotes, sports, horoscopes, headlines, weather, video conference, Internet TV, VPN, VoIP, P2P
Early 00s Mobile VoIP, mobile VPN, location-based service,
MMS
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Internet Trends Today's Internet will evolve into the
dominant network delivering all forms of data, voice, and video to anyone anywhere at anytime.
Handset will evolve as the major device for computing and communications.
Everyone will use Internet. Infotainment will be one of the major
applications.
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Everything over Internet VoIP 、 FAX 、 TV 、 Broadcast
Net surfing by handset, PDA, home appliances Shopping
Internet TV: GoToWatch
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Switched Network
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Switched Network Transmitting data from source to
destination through intermediate switching nodes
Switching nodes are not concerned with the content of the data
Switching nodes move data from node to node until they reach their destinations
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Packet Switching Data are transmitted in blocks, called
packets Long message is broken up into a series
of packets Packet
header: control information payload: data
At each switching node, the packet is received, stored, and passed on to the next node
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Peer-to-peer networking
• Client/server vs. peer-to-peer• Napster, Gnutella, Kazaa, BitTorrent• 70% of the traffic on ISP networks• >5 billions music files and >5 millions games
downloaded in 2003• 400K ~ 600K movies/day• Skype VoIP
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Evolution of Wireless Networks
Personal Area Networks (PANs) Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs) Public wide-area (high-tier) cellular
radio systems Mobile Satellite Networks
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Wireless systems: bit rates vs. coverage areas
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Personal Area Networks (PANs) Short-range low-power radios Bluetooth
three power classes with coverage ranges up to approximately 10 meters, 50 meters, and 100 meters, respectively
support bit rates up to about 720 Kbps HomeRF IEEE 802.15
support data rates over 20 Mbps
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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)
Typically use the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) radio frequency bands
ISM bands in the United States 900-MHz band (902-928 MHz) 2.4-GHz band (2400-2483.5 MHz) 5.7-GHz band (5725-5850 MHz)
IEEE 802.11: the most widely adopted WLAN standard
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IEEE 802.11 A family of standards that defines the physical
layers (PHY) and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer
IEEE 802.11: infrared (IR) radio frequency (RF) in the 2.4-GHz ISM band 1 or 2 Mbps
IEEE 802.11b: 11 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM band IEEE 802.11a: 54 Mbps in the 5.7-GHz ISM band IEEE 802.11g: 54 Mbps in the 2.4-GHz ISM band IEEE 802.11i: security IEEE 802.11e: QoS (quality of service) IEEE 802.11f: Inter Access Point Protocol (IAPP)
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Public WLANs Provide significantly higher data rates
than wide-area wireless networks Could take advantages of both WLAN
and wide-area radio technologies to create new services and reduce networking costs
Public WLANs are the first wave of all-IP radio access networks
New and innovative business models for providing public mobile services
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Worldwide WLAN sales
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1G Wireless Networks Became commercially available in the early 1980s Analog radio technologies and circuit-switched
transmission and networking technologies Main service: circuit-switched voice Lack the ability to support roaming between
different network operators Three main 1G radio system standards
Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) in North America
Total Access Communications Services (TACS) in the United Kingdom
Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in Nordic countries
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2G Wireless Networks Emerged in the early 1990s Digital signal processing and
transmission technologies (increased radio capacity and spectrum utilization, enhanced voice quality, reduced power consumption, etc.)
Standards for core networks In addition to circuit-switched voice,
enabled the first waves of mobile data and mobile Internet services
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3G Wireless Networks Significantly increase radio system
capacities and per-user data rates over 2G systems
Support IP-based data, voice and multimedia services
Enhance quality-of-service (QoS) support
Improve interoperability
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Fundamental Principles of 3G
Core networks will be based on IP technologies
Evolutionary rather than revolutionary
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Evolution of network technologies from 1G to 3G
Analog, Circuit Switching(No autonomic roaming)
Digital, Circuit Switching(greater capacity, less powerconsumption, better quality, greater roaming capability, more secure)
Digital, Circuit and Packet Switching(IP core, greater roaming capability)
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IP Core Network
3G Radio Access Networks
Public Wireless LANs
Wireless PANs
2G Radio Access Networks Other Radio Access Networks
Enterprise Wireless LANs
Wireless IP network supporting heterogeneous radio technologies
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IP-Based Wireless Networks The core network will be based on IP
technologies. A common IP core network will support
multiple types of radio access networks. A broad range of mobile voice, data, and
multimedia services will be provided over IP technologies to mobile users.
IP-based protocols will be used to support mobility between different radio systems.
All-IP radio access networks will increase over time. The first all-IP radio access networks that have emerged in public wireless networks are public WLANs.
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Evolution of Public Mobile Services & Applications
First Wave of Mobile Data Services: Text-based Instant Messaging
Second Wave of Mobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile Internet Services
Current Wave of Mobile Data Services: High-Speed and Multimedia Mobile Internet Services
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First Wave of Mobile Data Services: Text-based Instant Messaging
SMS (Short Message Services) provided over the completely circuit-
switched 2G networks delivered using Mobile Application
Part (MAP) in GSM networks SMS allowed mobile users to
become familiar and comfortable with mobile data services
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Second Wave of Mobile Data Services: Low-Speed Mobile Internet Services
Interactive and information-based mobile Internet services
i-Mode: launched by NTT DoCoMo over PDC in February 1999 emails and instant messages commercial transactions directory services daily information entertainment
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Growth of i-Mode Subscribers
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i-Mode Most successful mobile data service
3 million subscribers at the end of 1999 17 million subscribers at the end of 2000 30 million subscribers at the end of 2001 33.5 million subscribers at the end of 1st
Quarter of 2002 Running on 9.6 kbps packet data
capability in PDC networks
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i-Mode Services Sending and receiving email/message Transaction: banking, ticket reservation, credit
card bill inquiry, trading, etc. Database: dictionary, restaurant guide, mobile
telephone directory, mobile recipes, etc. Daily information: news, weather reports,
transportation information, town information, etc.
Entertainment: Karaoke, FM on-air information, network games, horoscope, etc.
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Current Wave of Mobile Data Services: High-Speed and Multimedia Mobile Internet Services
Camera phones Multimedia Messaging Services
(MMS) Networked gaming Location-based services Streaming videos to mobile devices Vehicle information systems
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Circuit-switched voice and data(low speed)
Circuit-switched voice and data,Richer data services (e.g., SMS)Limited Internet access and applications(higher speeds for data services)
Broad range of voice, data, and multimediaapplications; Seamless access to the Internet;Seamless roaming between differentradio systems
Evolution of mobile services
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Motivations for IP-Based Wireless Networks
IP-based wireless networks are better suited for supporting the rapidly growing mobile data and multimedia services.
IP-based wireless networks bring the successful Internet service paradigm to mobile providers and users.
IP-based wireless networks can integrate seamlessly with the Internet.
IP-based radio access systems are becoming important components of public wireless networks.
IP technologies provide a better solution for making different radio technologies transparently to users.
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Growth of mobile voice and non-voice services
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Source: Telecompetition Inc., February 2001
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Terminals
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Terminals (cont.)
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Terminals (cont.)
Source: Qualcomm
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Next Generation Applications
Electronic Commerce Distance Education Digital Libraries Webcasting Telemedicine Collaborative Research
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Distance Learning
Digital Library
Distance Learning
Video ConferenceElectronic Commerce
Telemedicine
Electronic Government
Information Network
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CommunicationsNetwork
Electronic Commerce
Server
CommercialInformation Providers
PBX
Commercial - Agent
FinancialInstitute
On-line Shopping
Manufacture
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CommunicationsNetwork
Telemedicine ApplicationsUniversity/ResearchInstitute
Medical ResearchDatabase
Emergency wirelesscommunications
Remote Clinic
MultimediaDBMS
EmailServer
ConferencingBridge
VideoServer
Multimedia Application Servers
Hospital
Remotediagnostics
MultimediaPatient record
database
ImageProcessing
Wireless LANPatient Chart(Pen based)
MedicalTraining/
Conferencing
• Basic Application Groups - Conferencing: For Remote Diagnostics, Medical Training & Conferencing - Messaging: For Communication - Information Retrieval: For Access To Medical Research Database - MMDB: For Patient Record Image Processing - Wireless WAN Access: For Emerging Mobile Communication - Wireless LAN: For In- Hospital communication• End-To-End System Integration is Important
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Next Generation Networks
High bandwidth Quality of Service support Mobility support Security Network management
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Some Research Results
Project on Next Generation Information Networks and Applications First Phase: April 2000 ~ March 2004 Second Phase: April 2004 ~ March 2008 Total Budget: US$ 20 Millions More than 30 professors and 200 graduate
students from National Tsing Hua Univ. and National Chiao Tung Univ. involved
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Systems & applications
Network Core Tech. Wireless Tech.
Project Goals
Key technologies for next generation information networks and applications
Three main focuses :
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Transportation Analogy
Highway I
Highway III
Speedway
Backbone Network(Core Network)
Metropolitan(Local Network)
Intersection(router)
Local Router
Core Router
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Mount Jade to Hsinchu City
Highway I
Highway III
Speedway
WirelessNetwork
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Applications and Services
Highway I
Highway III
Speedway
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Mobile users
Network
Network Core
technologies
Wireless Technologies
Systems & Applications
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Focus I :Network Core Technologies
Highway I
Highway III
Speedway
Switching Technology
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1. High-speed Switch Proposed a high-speed switching architecture
based on Birkhoff-von Neumann network 100% maximum throughput widely referenced in course materials
A prototype 8 x 8 switch with capacity of 64 Gbps implemented with .13um IC technology
Adopted by Stanford team to design 100Tb/sec switches
N
Birkhoff-von Neumann
switch
1
N
1
Load-balancing
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2. Expandable High-speed Service Router
High-speed backplane (16 Gbps) Service Modules (Gigabit Ethernet)
Bandwidth management Network security module Contents filtering Mobility management
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GE URL Filtering system has been deployed in 16 GigaPoP
卓越計畫成果發表會 (2004/3/30), 聯合報
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Focus II :Wireless Technologies
Highway I
Highway III
Speedway
Heterogeneous Mobile networking Roaming, QoS, and Security
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Integrated Mobile Comm. System
網際網路無線隨意網路
行動通訊網路
無線區域網路Mobile Management
Quality of Service
Security Authentication
WLANs
MANETs Internet
Cellular Network
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1. Mobile and Routing Technologies
Roaming between GPRS and WLAN Adopted by Taiwan Cellular Co.
Integrated PHS/GPRS and Ad Hoc Networks
Indoor and outdoor positioning and services
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PHSBase
Station
GPRSBase
Station
Internet
802.11AccessPoint
LaptopLaptopLaptop
PHSHandset
GPRSHandset
PDAPDA
PCS Core Network Ethernet
Integrated PHS/GPRS and Ad Hoc Networks Two-tier architecture Mobile routers
Seamless handoff (Mobile IP support)
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2. Security Authentication Integrated authentication for WLAN and
GSM/GPRS WLAN users use SIM card for authentication
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Highway I
Highway III
Speedway
Focus III: Systems and Applications
Multi-Modal searching in the Internet
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1. Intelligent Poem reading and Learning Web station for stories appearing in
poems of Tang Dynasty ( 唐詩典故 ) 9698 stories in the web Data representations
分典故、相關人物、相關典故、同義典故、參見典故、典故出處、出處內容、連接全唐詩詩作例句、全文的選項
Story markers 用法別、相關典故、
參見典故、相關人物、典故內容朝代、典故出處及原文、同義典故
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Different modes of access Wireless PDA: access according to Number of strokes Name of origin
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By Sound:
唐詩宋詞語音檢索 背書機、依韻入詩
By Meaning: 蘇軾寫過一首詩,把西湖比喻成古代某個美麗的女
子,請問是那一首? 用「西湖」及「女子」二個語意概念來找 〈飲湖上初晴後雨〉
「水光瀲灩晴方好,山色空濛雨亦奇 欲把西湖比西子,淡妝濃抹總相宜」
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2. Multi-modal multimedia searching
Searching a film
Input Output
Searching an image
output
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Searching a movie
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Searching a song Multi-modal music
searching engine: Catalog, name of song, a piece of song, rhythm of song, or even just sequence of beats
First prize of Microsoft .NET & XMLWeb Service competition in Taiwan, second prize in Asia (2002 、 2003)
World first 8/16-bit microprocessor-based platform for rhythm recognition
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3. Network Services Website for aborigines 「飛鼠部落」 :
Distinguished Teaching and Service to Aborigines awarded by the 3rd International Conference on Information Literacy and Life Long Learning Society
English Translation of the contents of the website by the Ministry of Education
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Aborigines Culture Heritage Services of the Website:
On-line registration Itinerary Planning Tour guiding with PDAs On-line postcards
Computer Education for K to 12 students Alleviate social divide
Training culture and science boy/girl tour guides
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Conclusions
Vision for the Next Generation Internet:
In the 21st Century, the Internet will provide a powerful and versatile environment for business,
education, culture, and entertainment. Sight, sound, and even touch will be integrated through
powerful computers, displays, and networks. People will use this environment to work, bank, study, shop, entertain, and visit with each other.
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Whether at the office, at home, or on travel, the environment will be the same. Security, reliability, and privacy, will be built in. The customer will be able to choose among different levels of service
with varying prices. Benefits of this environment will include a more agile economy, a greater choice of places to live and work, easy access to life-long
learning, and better opportunity to participate in the community, the Nation, and the World.