Situation of Japan’s corruption and Anti-

Corruption Measures

Lecture for the Staffs of Indonesian Ministry of Finance

at 　 GSID, Nagoya University on September 11, 2008 　

Japan Citizen’s Ombudsman Association

Today’s Contents

１． What’s Citizen’s Ombudsman?

２． Tools of Our Activities３． Spread of Citizen’s

Ombudsman, and Theme and Achievements of Our Activities

４． Challenges for the Future

１． Citizen’s Ombudsman and

Public Ombudsman SystemWhat’s Public Ombudsman System?

Let’s Claim Ourselves (Citizen) “Ombudsman”! (NGO)

　　

２． Tools for Pursuing Local Governments

Disclosure of Information

Audit Requests and Lawsuits by Citizen 　　

　

Disclosure of Information

What is the Information Disclosure ?

Objectives of Information Disclosure

Efficacy of Information Disclosure

Audit Requests and lawsuits by Citizen

Audit Requests by Citizen （ limited to only Local Gov. ）

　→ to Internal Audit Committee,　・ Pay back the Money　・ Stop Wasting the Money

Failing that, Lawsuits by Citizen

Source: Masaki Abe(2003)

Transition of the Number of Audit Requests by Citizen

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1970-73

74-75

76-77

78-79

80-81

82-83

84-86

87-88

89-91

92-94

95-98

average

３． Japan Citizen’s Ombudsman Association

・ early 1990s Nagoya ・ Sendai ・ Tokyo・ in １９９４ , 　 Activity has begun

nationwide 　　 General Investigation and Pursuing

Nationwide・ Now, there are ８５ organizations and

　 ６０００ members. 　・ We do not rely on government subsidy

or trust money.

‘ ９５　 Entertainments by Bureaucracy ‘ ９６ 　 Fake Duty-Trips‘ ９７ 　 Action for Bid Collusion‘ ９８　 Disclosing Councils’ Information ‘ ００ Salted Lands‘ ０１ 　 Public Works‘ ０４ 　 Backdoor Money of Police‘ ０７ 　 Expenditure for Policy Research

Pursuing Theme

Investigation on illegal expenditure, 1998

Red: Found illegal expenditures

Yellow: No investigation was practicedGreen: no findings on

illegal expenditure

Fixed Point Investigation

・ Ranking of Disclosure of Information(97-)

・ Investigation of Successful Bid Ratio(03-)

・ Report Card of Comprehensive External Audit(00-)

Investigation to Communication budget 2007

Gray: Partial no disclosure in case of visiting diseased

White provinces = total disclosure

Black: Disclosure only group names partially

National Avg. of Successful Bid Ratio

76.0%

81.0%

86.0%

91.0%

96.0%

２００２ ２００３ ２００４ ２００５ ２００６ ２０ 0 ７

Prefectures Avg.

Transition of Total Investigation Budget by

Police

Implementation of Disclosure

Law

(H15.16 の県費　　捜査費は資料なし）

(100milion Yen ）

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Pref. Investigation Budget

National InvestigationBudget

裁判例など

Realization of returning money to governments

23 thousand US$ by a Nagoya city MP

$3 million by a Osaka provincial MP

US$130 thousand by a Sapporo city MP

Disclosed the Receipt of Policy Research Expenditure (2008)

Black: total no disclosure

Yellow province: limited disclosure

Green province: full disclosure

４． Challenges for the Future

Corruption of Teachers’ Recruitment(2008 Oita Pref.)

Parents of Test-Takers

　 Education Committee

Vice-Principal

Exchange

CouponRecruitment

Assembly Member

Passing Status

(Yes/No) ？Answer

？

Comparison of How to Pursue Central Gov. and Local Gov.

Impossible（ Investigation claim only to stakeholders is possible ）

Possible （ Lawsuits by Citizen ）

Lawsuits of Waste money Return

Apr. ２００８～Regulation of House of Representatives（ Except Enactment and Investigation ）

Late 1990s ～Disclosure of Councils’ and Assembly’s Information

Apr. ２００１～Early 1990s ～Disclosure of Information

Central Gov.Local Gov.

The Need of Continuous Monitoring

Corruption-Free SystemEfficacy of Monitoring

System by Citizen

Realization of Democracy

Thank you for Your Attention