OMAE Level-3 Translated Word List Spanish

© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014

openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT ONe

Word / Phrase Translation Part of Speech Phonetic Spelling Definition Sample Sentence

achieve alcanzar verb /əˈtʃiv/ to succeed in doing or having what you planned or intended, usually after a lot of effort

Sometimes I feel like I haven’t achieved any of my goals, but that isn’t true.

all at once todo de una vez adv phrase /ɔl ət wʌns/ at one time, without delay

You do not have to make decisions about your future all at once.

apart from además de prep /əˈpɑrt frɑm/ in addition to someone or something

Apart from English, what other languages do you speak?

application form

solicitud noun [count] /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n fɔrm/

a printed list of questions that you answer in order to try to get a job, borrow money, get into college, etc.

If you want the job, fill out the application form by the end of November.

apply solicitar verb /əˈplaɪ/ to make an official request for a job or a place in a college or university

Apply to several colleges so you have more options.

beyond más allá prep, adverb /bɪˈjɑnd/ further than the usual range or limit

To be the best, you have to push yourself beyond your comfort zone.

break (something) down

dividir phrasal verb /breɪk ˈdaʊn/ to divide something, such as a total amount, into separate parts

Break your goal down into smaller steps, so it is easier to achieve.

career carrera noun [count] /kəˈrɪr/ a job or profession that you have been trained for and you do for a long period

He had a long career in journalism.

chronological order

orden cronológico phrase /ˌkrɑnəˈlɑdʒɪk(ə)l ˈɔrdər/

arranged or described in the order in which events happened or will happen

Arrange the steps in chronological order so you can go through them one by one.

clarify aclarar verb /ˈklerɪˌfaɪ/ to explain something more clearly so that it is easier to understand

Can you clarify what you mean because we don’t understand?

comfort zone zona de confort noun [noncount]

/ˈkʌmfərt zoʊn/ a situation, place, or temperature that you feel relaxed in

In sports, do you push yourself, or do you prefer to stay in your comfort zone?

compete competir verb /kəmˈpit/ to take part in a competition or sports event

When you compete in the race, you will see who is the fastest.

competence competencia noun [count] /ˈkɑmpɪtəns/ the ability to do something well

I am not questioning your competence.


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degree titulo noun [count] /dɪˈɡri/ the qualification that you get after completing your studies at college

She is going to college to study for a degree in history.

do volunteer work

hacer trabajo voluntario

verb phrase /du ˌvɑlənˈtɪr wɜrk/

to work without expecting to be paid for what you do

She does volunteer work at an orphanage every summer.

earn ganar verb /ɜrn/ to receive money for work that you do

Is it important to you to earn a lot of money?

extreme sport deporte extremo noun [count] /ɪkˈstrim spɔrt/ a sport or activity that is exciting and dangerous, for example, bungee jumping, white-water rafting, or snowboarding

I love extreme sports. The more dangerous, the better!

fluency fluidez noun [noncount]

/ˈfluənsi/ the ability to speak a language well

It takes time to develop fluency in another language.

fluent hablar con fluidez adjective /ˈfluənt/ able to speak a language very well

He is fluent enough in Italian to speak with the local people.

frustrating frustrante adjective /ˈfrʌˌstreɪtɪnɡ/ making you feel annoyed and impatient because you are prevented from achieving something

Conscious incompetence can be a very frustrating stage for language learners because they realize how much they don’t know!

get married casarse verb /ɡetˈmerid/ to formally join in marriage to someone

I want to get married before I start a family.

give up rendirse phrasal verb /ˈɡɪv ʌp/ to stop trying to do something because it is too difficult

I find studying Japanese really difficult, but I’m not going to give up because I want to work in a Japanese bank.

go backpacking viajar con mochila al hombro

verb phrase /ɡoʊ ˈbækˌpækɪŋ/ to travel around an area without spending much money, often on foot and carrying a backpack

I’m going backpacking around South America next summer.

grade calificación noun [count] /ɡreɪd/ a letter or number that shows the quality of a student’s work

He studied hard to get good grades in college.

green ecologista adjective /ɡrin/ connected to the environment or its protection

Do you want to have a greener or healthier lifestyle?

have children tener hijos verb phrase /hæv ˈtʃɪldrən/ to be, or to become, a parent

My sister can’t have children so she is going to adopt a child.

however sin embargo conjunction /haʊˈevər/ used when you are saying something that seems surprising after your previous statement, or that makes your previous statement seem less true

Sometimes this stage feels like too much work. However, if you work hard, you will succeed.


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improvement mejora noun [count] /ɪmˈpruvmənt/ the state of being better than before, or the process of making something better than it was before

Check for improvement in your work to show you are making progress.

incompetence incompetencia noun [noncount]

/ɪnˈkɑmpət(ə)ns/ lack of skill or ability to do something correctly or well

Conscious incompetence in language learning means that you know how much you haven’t learned yet.

job offer oferta de trabajo noun [count] /dʒɑb ɑfər/ the offer of a job I have had four interviews but not one job offer yet. I am getting a little depressed.

list lista noun [count] /lɪst/ a set of names, ideas, etc. that are written or printed one below another

Decide what you want to learn from the class and write your ideas in a list.

long largo adjective /lɔŋ having a lot of pages or items

I have a long list of things to buy at the supermarket. Do you need anything?

main principal adjective /meɪn/ the main idea is the most important idea

The main thing to remember is to have fun!

maintain mantener verb /meɪnˈteɪn/ to make something stay the same

Do you want to maintain a serious love relationship?

make a decision

tomar una decisión verb phrase /ˈmeɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ to decide something after thinking carefully

You have to make a decision about college soon. Do you want to go or not?

make a donation

hacer una donación verb phrase /meɪk ə doʊˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

give money or goods to an organization such as a charity

Can you make a donation to this charity? It needs to raise a lot of money.

make friends hacer amigos verb phrase /ˈmeɪk frendz/ to become friends I made friends with some girls in my Spanish class last year and we are meeting up this weekend.

measure medir verb /ˈmeʒər/ to form an opinion about how good or bad something is

You measure your progress in languages by taking exams at the end of the year.

mechanics mecánica noun [noncount]

/məˈkænɪks/ the study of how engines and other machines work

If you learned about mechanics, you could fix my car!

mistake error noun [count] /mɪˈsteɪk/ something that you have not done correctly, or something you say or think that is not correct

I made a big mistake when I chose to study French. I find it really difficult.

model modelo noun [count] /ˈmɑd(ə)l/ a simple technical description of how something works or happens

This model shows the stages of learning.


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motivated motivado adjective /ˈmoʊtɪˌveɪtəd/ enthusiastic and determined to achieve success

Sometimes it is difficult to stay motivated if you feel you are not making progress.

period periodo noun [count] /ˈpɪriəd/ an amount of time during which something happens

It’s best to set goals for a short period of time so you can reach them quickly.

plateau periodo de estancamiento

noun [count] /plæˈtoʊ/ a period of time when something stops increasing or improving

I feel like I have reached a plateau in Spanish; I don’t think I am improving at all!

progress progreso noun [noncount]

/ˈprɑɡrəs/ the process of developing or improving

Progress in English can be slow sometimes and students get frustrated.

progress progresar verb /prəˈɡres/ to continue to develop or move forward

To progress in English, you need to study hard.

push yourself exigirse más verb /ˈpʊʃ jərˈself/ to try very hard to achieve something, perhaps beyond what you would normally do

If you want to get to the top, you’ll have to push yourself very hard.

rarely rara vez adverb /ˈrerli/ not often I rarely go to the gym because I prefer other forms of exercise.

secure seguro adjective /sɪˈkjʊr/ feeling confident and safe

It’s easy to feel secure at an intermediate level and just stay within your comfort zone.

stage etapa noun [count] /steɪdʒ/ a particular part of a process that has several different parts

This diagram shows the four stages of language learning.

take risks tomar riesgos verb /teɪk rɪsks/ to do things although you know that something unpleasant or dangerous could happen

If you don’t take risks, you will never learn new things.

take time off tomarse un tiempo libre

verb /ˈteɪk taɪm ɑf/ arrange not to be at work or at school for a period of time

He never takes time off; he’s always at work.

theory teoría noun [count] /ˈθɪəri/ one or more ideas that explain how or why something happens

The theory behind the model is that, in order to learn something new, we first have to be conscious of what we know, and what we do not know.

thing cosa noun [count] /θɪŋ/ an action or an activity What do you like about learning new things?

trainer entrenador noun [count] /ˈtreɪnər/ someone whose job is to train someone in a sport

To get in better shape, you could work with a professional trainer.


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unconscious inconsciente adjective /ʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ an unconscious feeling or thought is one that you do not realize that you have

In the first stage on the ladder, “unconscious incompetence,” we do not know how much we need to learn.

volunteer work trabajo voluntario noun phrase [noncount]

/ˌvɑlənˈtɪr wɜrk/ work that you agree to do without being paid for it

She does volunteer work for a local charity that helps the homeless.

yet todavía adverb /jet/ used for talking or asking about something that has not happened at a particular time, but will probably happen in the future

She hasn’t decided yet if she wants to come.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT TwO


ability habilidad noun [count] /əˈbɪləti/ the fact of being able to do something

When humans developed higher cognitive abilities such as language, their sense of smell was less important.

academic académico adjective /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ good at learning things by studying

I was academic at school; I worked hard and I got good grades.

amygdala amígdala noun [count] /əˈmɪgdələ/ the part of the brain that processes emotions and memories

In the human brain, the amygdala is located near the olfactory cortex. This is why smell and emotion are closely linked.

animal animal noun [count] /ˈænɪm(ə)l/ any living thing that is not a human, a plant, an insect, a bird, or a fish

A human’s sense of smell is weaker than that of many other animals.

associate (something with something/someone)

asociar (algo con algo/alguien)

verb phrase /əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt/ to form a connection in your mind between different people or things

I always associate the smell of chocolate with my grandmother’s house.

attitude actitud noun [count] /ˈætɪˌtud/ someone’s opinions or feelings about something, especially shown by their behavior

It’s important to have a positive attitude when you start a new job.

authority autoridad noun [count] /ɔˈθɔrəti/ people with power over you, usually in an official way

When I was a teenager I always questioned authority, for example, my teachers and my parents.

baby bebé noun [count] /ˈbeɪbi/ a very young child who cannot talk or walk yet

The sense of smell develops in babies before the sense of vision.

be located estar localizado, estar ubicado

verb phrase /bi loʊˈkeɪtɪd/ existing in a particular place

In the human brain, the brainstem is located in front of the cerebellum.

beagle beagle noun /ˈbiɡ(ə)l/ a type of dog with short hair and long ears

My first dog was a beagle named Bonzo.

bloodhound sabueso noun [count] /ˈblʌdˌhaʊnd/ a large dog that can smell very well, has long, hanging ears, and is often used for finding out where someone is or has been

A bloodhound has 220 million smell receptors and so it has an excellent sense of smell.


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bored aburrido adjective /bɔrd/ feeling impatient or dissatisfied because you are not interested in something, or because you have nothing to do

I’m bored at work because every day is the same!

certain cierto determiner /ˈsɜrt(ə)n/ used for referring to someone or something without being specific about exactly what or who they are

Certain smells make me think of when we lived in Greece.

child niño noun [count] /tʃaɪld/ a young person from the time they are born until they are about 14 years old

Did you have any pets when you were a child?

childhood niñez noun [noncount]

/ˈtʃaɪldˌhʊd/ the time of your life when you are a child

She had a happy childhood with her parents and two brothers.

chocolate-chip cookie

galleta con chispas de chocolate

noun [count] /ˈtʃɑklət tʃɪp ˈkʊki/

a type of cookie that contains small pieces of chocolate

The smell of chocolate-chip cookies reminds me of my mom, because she used to do a lot of baking.

clearly claramente adverb /ˈklɪrli/ in a way that is sensible and not confused

I can clearly remember the day I got my first puppy.

cognitive cognitivo adjective /ˈkɑɡnətɪv/ in psychology, a cognitive science or process is one that is connected with recognizing and understanding things

Humans developed higher cognitive abilities, such as language.

cologne colonia noun [noncount]

/kəˈloʊn/ a liquid with a pleasant smell that you put on your skin, usually less expensive than perfume

When I smell that cologne, I think of my father because he always wore it.

compare comparar verb /kəmˈper/ used for saying how good or bad one thing is in relation to another

How do your test results compare with other students in your class?

country país noun [count] /ˈkʌntri/ an area of land that has its own government and official borders

France is the country I was born in.

cue pista noun [count] /kju/ an event, action, or statement that tells someone indirectly that they should do something

Researchers have done experiments to compare smell stimuli with other stimuli as memory cues.

danger peligro noun [count] /ˈdeɪndʒər/ a situation in which harm, death, damage, or destruction is possible

Animals use their sense of smell to recognize danger, and it can be the difference between life and death.


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definitely definitivamente adverb /ˈdefənɪtli/ without any doubt I was definitely a party animal when I was in college. I was always out at parties.

dementia demencia noun [noncount]

/dɪˈmenʃə/ a serious illness affecting someone’s brain and memory where they gradually stop being able to think or behave in a normal way

My father suffers from dementia and now he doesn’t know who I am when I visit him.

describe describir verb /dɪˈskraɪb/ to give details about what someone or something is like

Can you describe the man you saw in detail? What did he look like?

emotion emoción noun [count] /ɪˈmoʊʃ(ə)n/ a feeling that you experience, for example, love, fear, or anger

The emotion I felt more than anything after my exams was relief!

emotional emocional adjective /ɪˈmoʊʃ(ə)nəl/ relating to feelings and the way that they affect your life

Why do smells cause strong emotional responses?

except excepto preposition /ɪkˈsept/ used for introducing the only person, thing, or fact that is not included in your main statement

I got along well with most of my teachers except the geography teacher who was very strict.

experience experiencia noun [count] /ɪkˈspɪriəns/ something that happens to you or a situation that you are involved in

We often forget an experience until we smell something associated with it.

experiment experimento noun [count] /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ a scientific test to find out what happens to someone or something in particular conditions

Researchers have done experiments to compare smell stimuli with other stimuli.

fair feria noun [count] /fer/ an event where people ride on special machines for fun and play games to win prizes

When I was a child, I loved the rides and the games at the local fair.

feel sentir verb /fil/ to be in a particular state as a result of an emotion or a physical feeling

How did you feel on your first day of school?

findings conclusiones noun [noncount]

/ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ information that you discover or opinions that you form after doing research

The government seems to have ignored the findings of its own report.

fresh fresco adjective /freʃ/ recently done, made, or experienced

I love the smell of fresh bread – straight from the oven!

geeky geek adjective /ɡiki/ to be boring, especially because you are interested only in one subject like computers, technology, etc.

He’s a little geeky. He spends most of the weekend on his laptop and game console.


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hear escuchar verb /hɪr/ to realize that someone or something is making a sound

When I hear that song, it makes me feel sad.

hearing oído noun [noncount]

/ˈhɪrɪŋ/ your ability to hear sounds

Her hearing isn’t good; you have to speak very loudly.

human humano noun [count] /ˈhjumən/ a person Human beings have fewer smell receptors than many animals.

immediately inmediatamente, de inmediato

adverb /ɪˈmidiətli/ without delay Smell memories are so strong they can transport us immediately to the past.

implication consecuencia noun [count] /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ a possible effect or result

What medical implications does research in smell and memory have?

importance importancia noun [noncount]

/ɪmˈpɔrt(ə)ns/ the fact of being important, or the degree to which something or someone is important

Research emphasizes the importance of exercise in reducing blood pressure.

include incluir verb /ɪnˈklud/ to make someone or something part of a group, set, or collection of things

Decide which ideas you want to include and organize them.

international internacional adjective /ˌɪntərˈnæʃən(ə)l/ involving several countries or existing between countries

International aid organizations are appealing for donations from Western governments.

joker bromista noun [count] /ˈdʒoʊkər/ someone who likes to tell jokes or do things to make people laugh

My boss is a real joker; he likes us to have fun at work.

lifetime vida noun [count] /ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm/ the period of time when someone is alive

He achieved a lot in his short lifetime.

love amor noun [count] /lʌv/ someone you have a romantic relationship with

Her perfume reminded him of an old love from his hometown.

make changes hacer cambios verb phrase /meɪk ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/ make something different

Please don’t make any changes to my work; I like it as it is.

medical médico adjective /ˈmedɪk(ə)l/ relating to medicine and the treatment of injuries and diseases

What medical implications does research in smell and memory have?

memorize memorizar verb /ˈmeməˌraɪz/ to learn something so that you remember it perfectly

I memorized my speech so I could say it without the words in front of me.

memory memoria noun [noncount]

/ˈmem(ə)ri/ the ability to remember things

My memory is getting worse as I get older. I can’t remember people’s names.


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memory recuerdo noun [count] /ˈmem(ə)ri/ something that you remember

The memory of that night is still clear in my mind.

memory loss pérdida de memoria

noun [noncount]

/ˈmem(ə)ri lɔs/ when you cannot remember things

Researchers have found that when people with memory loss smell something associated with their youth, they are often able to describe a memory in great detail.

million millón number /ˈmɪljən/ the number 1,000,000 People download millions of songs every day.

multiplication tables

tablas de multiplicar

noun [noncount]

/ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n teɪb(ə)lz/

lists that show the results of multiplying all the combinations of two numbers between 1 and 12 together

We had to memorize our multiplication tables at school and say them aloud in math class.

nose nariz noun [count] /noʊz/ the part of your face above your mouth that you use for smelling and breathing

Look at the model’s face: she has green eyes, a small mouth, and a perfect nose.

olfactory cortex corteza olfativa noun [count] /ɑlˈfæktəri ˈkɔrˌteks/

the part of the brain where our sense of smell is located

In the human brain, the amygdala is located near the olfactory cortex. This is why smell and emotion are closely linked.

party animal parrandero noun phrase /ˈpɑrti ænɪm(ə)l/ someone who enjoys going to lots of parties

Maria is a real party animal; she’s always out with her friends at parties.

perfume perfume noun [noncount]

/ˈpɜrfjum/ a liquid with a pleasant smell that you put on your skin

This perfume smells great. Do you want to try it?

personality personalidad noun [count] /ˌpɜrsəˈnæləti/ the part of a person that makes them behave in a particular way in social situations, for example, in a friendly or unfriendly way, or in a confident or shy way.

You use the word character when you are talking about whether someone is good or bad, or honest or dishonest. What’s her personality like? Is she friendly or is she shy?

physiology fisiología noun [noncount]

/ˌfɪziˈɑlədʒi/ the way that the body of a particular living thing operates

The reason we react to smells comes down to our human physiology.

poem poema noun /ˈpoʊəm/ a piece of writing using beautiful or unusual language arranged in fixed lines that have a particular beat and often rhyme

We had to memorize poems at school and say them aloud in our English class.

popcorn palomitas noun [count] /ˈpɑpˌkɔrn/ a food made from dried grains of maize that swell when they are heated

They always buy popcorn to share when they go to the movies.


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popular popular adjective /ˈpɑpjələr/ a popular person is liked by many people

Hayley was very popular at school. Everyone liked her!

puppy cachorro noun [count] /ˈpʌpi/ a very young dog My dog is big now, but when he was a puppy he could sit in the palm of my hand.

question preguntar verb /ˈkwestʃ(ə)n/ to express doubts about something or challenge it

When he was a teenager, he used to question authority all the time. He was always arguing with his parents.

rebel rebelde noun [count] /ˈreb(ə)l/ someone who opposes people in authority or opposes accepted ways of doing things

James has always been a rebel, but he’s not a criminal!

recent reciente adjective /ˈrisənt/ has happened or started a short time ago

My hearing has become worse in recent years; it used to be fine.

recognize reconocer verb /ˈrekəɡˌnaɪz/ to know who the person is or what the thing is that you are seeing, hearing, etc. because you have seen, heard, etc. them before

Animals use their sense of smell to recognize danger; it can be the difference between life and death.

remind recordar verb /rɪˈmaɪnd/ to make someone think of someone or something else because of being very similar to them

She reminds me of my sister. They look very similar.

research investigación noun [noncount]

/rɪˈsɜrtʃ/ the detailed study of something in order to discover new facts, especially in a college or scientific institution

Recent research shows that music has a positive effect on patient health.

response respuesta noun [count] /rɪˈspɑns/ a reaction Humans have strong emotional responses to smells.

scan leer rápidamente verb /skæn/ to read something very quickly, in order to get a general idea of its meaning or to find particular information

Scan the article quickly to find out the main points.

sense of smell sentido del olfato noun [noncount]

/sens əv smel/ the natural ability that most people have to smell

A human’s sense of smell is weaker than that of many other animals.

short corto, breve adjective /ʃɔrt/ a period of time that is short, does not last very long, or seems to pass quickly

I gave a short presentation about the new product. It only lasted for a few minutes.


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sight vista noun [count] /saɪt/ a person or thing that you see that has a particular feature

Certain sights or sounds bring back memories.

sight vista noun [noncount]

/saɪt/ the ability to see, using your eyes

He lost 75 percent of his sight in his right eye.

smell olor noun [count] /smel/ the pleasant or unpleasant quality of something that you notice when you breathe in through your nose

It’s strange how certain smells can bring back vivid memories.

smell oler verb /smel/ to notice or recognize the smell of something

When I smell the ocean, I always think of the summers I used to spend there.

smell receptor receptor olfativo noun [count] /smel rɪˈseptər/ a nerve in your nose that sends messages to your central nervous system

Humans have 20 million smell receptors, compared to a bloodhound with 220 million!

song canción noun [count] /sɔŋ/ a piece of music with words that you sing

When I hear this song, it brings back memories of being in college.

sound sonido noun [count] /saʊnd/ something that you can hear

The room was very quiet; I couldn’t hear a sound.

species especie noun [count] /ˈspiʃiz/ a plant or animal group whose members all have similar general features and are able to produce young plants or animals together

An animal’s sense of smell enables it to recognize other animals of the same species.

stimuli estímulos noun [count] /ˈstɪmjəli/ things that produce a reaction in a plant, animal, or person

Researchers have done experiments to see the effect of smell stimuli on our memory.

strong fuerte adjective /strɔŋ/ able to produce a powerful effect

Smell memories are so strong they can transport us immediately to the past.

suddenly de repente adverb /ˈsʌd(ə)nli/ quickly and without any warning

A strange feeling suddenly came over him.

suffer from sufrir de verb /ˈsʌfər frəm/ to have a particular illness or physical problem

She suffered from depression for most of her adult life.

survival sobrevivencia noun [noncount]

/sərˈvaɪv(ə)l/ the fact or state of continuing to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions

When humans developed higher cognitive abilities such as language, their sense of smell was less important.

sweet dulce adjective /swit/ pleasant in smell, sound, or appearance

My first puppy was so sweet and gentle.


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taste gusto noun [count] /teɪst/ the flavor that something creates in your mouth when you eat or drink it

The taste of chocolate reminds me of being a child.

technology tecnología noun [count] /tekˈnɑlədʒi/ advanced scientific knowledge used for practical purposes, especially in industry

How has technology changed children’s lives?

tend (to) tender a verb /tend/ to usually do a particular thing

The gym tends to get very busy at about six o’clock.

think back (to) recordar phrasal verb /θɪŋk bæk/ to think about something that happened in the past

I’ve been trying to think back to the last time I saw her.

tone of voice tono de voz noun [noncount]

/toʊn əv vɔɪs/ the sound of someone’s voice that shows what they are feeling

“Really?” Simone said in a surprised tone of voice.

touch tacto noun [noncount]

/tʌtʃ/ the sense that tells you what something feels like through your skin, or when you put your fingers on it

You have to identify the foods through touch and smell; you can’t see or taste them!

transport transportar verb /trænsˈpɔrt/ to make you imagine or feel as if you are in a different place or time

Certain smells can transport us immediately to the past.

troublemaker alborotador noun [count] /ˈtrʌb(ə)lˌmeɪkər/ someone who causes problems, often by being violent or by making others argue or not obey people in authority

Fred was a troublemaker at school, but now he’s a police officer!

uncertain inseguro, vacilante adjective /ʌnˈsɜrt(ə)n/ not feeling sure about what to do, whether something is true, etc.

I left the meeting feeling anxious and uncertain about what to do next.

vaguely vagamente adverb /ˈveɪɡli/ in a way that is not clear

I vaguely remember meeting Kate, but I’m not sure where or when.

visual visual adjective /ˈvɪʒuəl/ relating to things that you can see

Television news brings us visual images from around the world.

vivid vívido adjective /ˈvɪvɪd/ having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind

I have a vivid memory of the first time we met. I remember it clearly.

whole completo adjective /hoʊl/ all of something Practice saying the whole presentation so you know it from start to finish.

youth juventud noun [noncount]

/juθ/ the time in someone’s life when they are young

In his youth, he had traveled and seen much of the world.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT Three


accessories accesorios noun [noncount]

/əkˈsesəriz/ a small thing such as a piece of jewelry, or a pair of shoes, that you wear with clothes to give them more style

I spend a lot of money on accessories like jewelry and bags.

advertise anunciar verb /ˈædvərˌtaɪz/ to announce a product, service, or event on TV, on the internet, in newspapers, etc. so that people will buy it, use it, or go to it

The perfume is advertised in all the major women’s magazines.

advertisement anuncio noun [count] /ædˈvɜrtɪsmənt/ a short movie on TV, or a short article on the radio that is intended to persuade people to buy something

There are lots of advertisements for toys on TV close to Christmas.

at least por lo menos phrase /ət list/ not less than a particular amount or number, and possibly more

This coat is at least 20 years old, probably more! I bought it when I was in college.

beauty salon salón de belleza noun [count] /ˈbjuti səˈlɑn/ a store where you can get beauty treatments for your skin, hair, or nails

I had my nails done in a beauty salon, and they look and feel great!

birthday cumpleaños noun [count] /ˈbɜrθˌdeɪ/ the day each year that has the same date as the one on which you were born

It’s my birthday on June 2nd. I’ll be 23 this year.

blow despilfarrar verb /bloʊ/ to spend a lot of money quickly on things that you do not need

He blew his inheritance on cars and vacations, and now he has nothing.

book reservar verb /bʊk/ to buy tickets, or to arrange to have or use something at a particular time in the future

You have to book the tickets for the concert months in advance.

bow tie corbata de moño noun [count] /ˌbaʊ ˈtaɪ/ a narrow piece of cloth that a man puts around his collar and ties into a bow, usually for special occasions

I didn’t know I had to wear a bow tie tonight. I only have a normal tie.

bride novia noun [count] /braɪd/ a woman who is getting married or who has recently gotten married

The bride looked beautiful on her wedding day.


openMind


bright brillante adjective /braɪt/ bright colors are strong but not dark

I painted my bedroom wall bright yellow because the room is naturally dark.

broken roto adjective /ˈbroʊkən/ if a piece of equipment is broken, it is not working correctly

The zipper is broken so I can’t do up my coat.

budding en ciernes adjective /ˈbʌdɪŋ/ at the very beginning of a career in writing, acting, politics, etc., and likely to be successful at it

He’s a budding photographer. He spends hours on weekends taking pictures.

camera cámara noun [count] /ˈkæm(ə)rə/ a piece of equipment used for taking photographs, either as part of a mobile device, or as a separate item

I bought a camera so I can take pictures on my vacation.

celebrity celebridad noun [count] /səˈlebrəti/ a famous person, especially in entertainment or sports

Celebrities like David Beckham influence what men want to look like.

charger cargador noun [count] /ˈtʃɑrdʒər/ a piece of equipment used for providing a battery with electricity

I lost the charger to my phone and the battery is very low. What should I do?

check marcar (con una palomita)

verb /tʃek/ to mark something with the symbol “” to show that it is correct or that you have dealt with it

Check the statements that are true for you.

choice elección noun [count] /tʃɔɪs/ the opportunity or right to choose between different things

You have a choice of white, blue, or black for your new MP3 player.

clean up limpiar phrasal verb /ˈklin ʌp/ to make small changes to something in order to make it better

She cleaned up her appearance since she began working in the city. She looks much better.

complaint queja noun [count] /kəmˈpleɪnt/ a written or spoken statement in which someone says they are not satisfied with something

Customers lodged a formal complaint about the way they were treated.

cost costo noun [count] /kɔst/ the amount of money that is needed in order to buy, pay for, or do something

Apart from the cost of the video camera, he has spent almost nothing on the project.

credit card tarjeta de crédito noun [count] /ˈkredɪt kɑrd/ a small, plastic card that you use to buy things now and pay for them later

I paid by credit card because I didn’t have enough cash.


openMind


cufflink mancuernilla noun [count] /ˈkʌflɪŋk/ an object used instead of a button for fastening the cuff of a man’s dress shirt

You need to wear cufflinks with that shirt; it doesn’t have buttons on the cuffs.

cummerbund faja (de smoking) noun [count] /ˈkʌmərˌbʌnd/ a wide band of brightly colored cloth that a man wears around his waist as part of a very formal suit

That cummerbund makes you look very stylish, and it hides your belt.

department store

tienda departamental

noun [count] /dɪˈpɑrtmənt stɔr/ a large store divided into separate sections, each section selling a different type of item

Why don’t you shop at the department store? You can get everything you need there.

design diseñar verb /dɪˈzaɪn/ to decide how something will be made, including how it will work and what it will look like, and often to make drawings of it

She has a job designing websites.

designer de diseñador adjective /dɪˈzaɪnər/ designer clothes are made by a famous designer and are usually expensive and fashionable

She spends a fortune on designer clothes and handbags.

disco disco, discoteca noun [count] /ˈdɪskoʊ/ a place or event where people dance to popular music

I’m not going to the disco; the music is too loud and I hate dancing.

discount descuento noun [count] /ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt/ a reduction in the price of something

There’s a 25% discount off all jeans in the department store today. That means you save about $10 per pair!

ditch zanja verb /dɪtʃ/ to get rid of someone or something because you no longer like or need them

The boys are ditching sneakers and T-shirts for stylish clothes.

draw sorteo noun [count] /drɔ/ a way of choosing something such as a name or number by chance

Every new customer is entered into a monthly draw to win a vacation.

electronic electrónico adjective /ɪˌlekˈtrɑnɪk/ using electricity and extremely small electrical parts such as microchips and transistors

Please turn off all electronic devices before the plane takes off.

exchange intercambiar verb /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ to give someone something in return for something that they give you

The tokens can be exchanged for goods in any of our stores.

eyebrow threading

depilación con hilo noun [noncount]

/ˈaɪˌbraʊ θredɪŋ/ a beauty treatment using thread to make your eyebrows look neater

Eyebrow threading is an old technique used to remove hair from your eyebrows.


openMind


face mask mascarilla noun [count] /feɪs mæsk/ a substance that you put on your face and leave on for a short while to clean your skin

In the salon, they put a face mask on your face made of mud!

facial hair vello facial noun [noncount]

/ˈfeɪʃ(ə)l her/ hair on your face around your chin and upper lip, especially on men

He shaves every morning because he doesn’t like having facial hair.

fashion moda noun [noncount]

/ˈfæʃ(ə)n/ the activity or business that involves styles of clothes and people’s appearance

She’s not really into fashion. She wears the same clothes that she’s had for years.

fashion icon icono de la moda noun [count] /ˈfæʃ(ə)n ˈaɪˌkɑn/ a fashion icon is a famous person who is considered to be very fashionable and who people like to copy

David Beckham became a fashion icon for men around the world.

fever fiebre noun [noncount]

/ˈfivər/ strong excitement and enthusiasm that affects a lot of people

The whole country was in the grip of election fever.

fit quedar bien verb /fɪt/ if clothes fit, they are the right size for you

It is important that children’s shoes fit correctly.

formal formal adjective /ˈfɔrm(ə)l/ a formal event or social occasion is an important or official one where people wear special clothes

The dinner is a formal occasion, so you have to wear a suit.

frock vestido noun [count] /frɑk/ a dress; mostly British English

It’s a formal party, so you should wear a designer frock!

get ready alistarse verb phrase /ˈɡet redi/ to prepare yourself, or someone else, to do something

You need to get ready. We’re leaving in an hour!

gift regalo noun [count] /ɡɪft/ something that you give to someone as a present

This website sells great gifts for children. Should we buy something for Jack?

glam glamoroso adjective /ɡlæm/ short for glamorous She bought some glam earrings to match her silk dress.

graduate graduado noun [count] /ˈɡrædʒuət/ someone who has just left school and is looking for a job

The influence of fashion icons is influencing male high-school graduates.

groomed buen aspecto adjective /ɡrumd/ neat and clean in your appearance

Boys are preferring a groomed look to a scruffy look this season.

guy chico noun [count] /ɡaɪ/ a man She’s going out with a guy she met in France.

gym gimnasio noun [count] /dʒɪm/ a large room in a school building where all the students come together

We had the dance in the gym because it was the largest room in the school.


openMind


handkerchief pañuelo noun [count] /ˈhæŋkərtʃɪf/ a small, square piece of cloth or paper used for wiping your nose or eyes

Please use a handkerchief when you sneeze!

head-to-toe de la cabeza a los pies

adjective /hed tə toʊ/ over the whole of your body

We just had head-to-toe treatments at the beauty salon, and feel fantastic!

highly sumamente adverb /ˈhaɪli/ used before some adjectives to mean very or very well

He’s a highly successful author.

hole agujero, hoyo noun [count] /hoʊl/ a space in the surface of something that goes partly or completely through it

All my socks have holes in them, so I am going to buy some new pairs.

image-conscious

preocupado por la imagen

adjective /ˈɪmɪdʒ kɑnʃəs/ someone who is image-conscious gives a lot of attention to the way they look

Sophie has become so image-conscious. She’s really obsessed about how she looks and what people think of her.

increase aumento noun [count] /ˈɪnˌkris/ a rise in the number, amount, or degree of something

There’s been an increase in our sales, which is great!

influence influencia noun [count/noncount]

/ˈɪnfluəns/ the effect that a person or thing has on someone’s decisions, opinions, or behavior, or on the way something happens

Our increase in sales is due to the influence of fashion icons like Victoria Beckham.

inspiration inspiración noun [noncount]

/ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ someone or something that gives you new ideas, and the enthusiasm to create something with them

If you are not sure what to wear to parties, look at fashion magazines for inspiration.

interest rate tasa de interés noun [count] /ˈɪntrəst reɪt/ the percentage that an institution such as a bank charges or pays you in interest when you borrow money from it or keep money in an account

Interest rates are very low because of the global recession.

invest invertir verb /ɪnˈvest/ to use your money with the goal of making a profit from it, for example, by buying stock in a company

We’ve invested a lot of money in foreign markets.

jewelry joyería noun [noncount]

/ˈdʒuəlri/ objects that you wear as decoration. Types of jewelry include rings, which you wear on your finger; bracelets, which you wear on your wrist; and necklaces, which you wear around your neck.

I don’t have much jewelry. I only wear earrings and a wedding ring.


openMind


keep up with mantenerse al tanto phrasal verb /kip ʌp wɪθ/ to do, or learn, at the same speed as someone or something

I try to keep up with new technology, but everything changes so fast!

key feature característica clave noun [count] /ki ˈfitʃər/ an important part or aspect of something

A key feature of this phone is its ability to access the internet.

latest el último adjective /ˈleɪtəst/ most recent or newest Is this the latest version of the software or is there a more recent version?

light claro adjective /laɪt/ pale in color, not dark Can I have the light blue shirt? The navy blue one is too dark.

location ubicación noun [count] /loʊˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ the place or position where someone or something is, or where something happens

Have you found a location for the party or are you having it at home?

look apariencia noun [count] /lʊk/ the appearance that someone or something has

That’s a new look, Gary! You’ve had your hair cut really short and shaved your beard off.

makeover cambio de imagen, makeover

noun [count] /ˈmeɪkˌoʊvər/ a set of changes intended to make a person or thing look much better

She’s had a complete makeover! I hardly recognized her. She looks amazing!

market comercializar verb /ˈmɑrkət/ to use advertising and other methods to persuade people to buy something

This new credit card is marketed at young adults.

massive masivo adjective /ˈmæsɪv/ very large in amount or degree

If you book vacations early, you can get massive discounts. It makes them more affordable.

message mensaje noun [count] /ˈmesɪdʒ/ the main idea that is contained in something such as a speech or an advertisement

The documentary sends a clear message about the dangers of drug use.

monobrow uniceja noun [count] /ˈmɑnoʊ braʊ/ eyebrows that are thick and that meet across the top of your nose

You need to pluck your eyebrows in the middle or you’ll get a monobrow!

objection objeción noun [count] /əbˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ a statement that shows that you disagree with a plan, or a reason for your disagreement

I would like to put forward several objections to this proposal.

occasionwear ropa para una ocasión especial

noun [noncount]

/əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nwer/ stylish clothes that are worn for special occasions such as weddings and proms

Sales in occasionwear for teenagers have increased because schools now have proms instead of discos.


openMind


online en línea adjective /ˈɑnˌlaɪn/ connected to, or available through, a computer or a computer network (=a group of connected computers), especially the internet

I do my banking online on my laptop.

open abrir verb /ˈoʊpən/ to separate the edges of something or to take off its cover so that you can see or remove what is inside

When I opened my bag, I realized that I didn’t have my wallet.

outfit atuendo noun [count] /ˈaʊtˌfɪt/ a set of clothes that are worn together

I have a new outfit for the party: a pink dress, a matching sweater, and some sandals.

paint pintura noun [noncount]

/peɪnt/ a colored liquid that you put on a surface to change its color or that you use for making a picture

I used the white paint on the ceiling, and the blue paint on the walls.

paint pintar verb /peɪnt/ to put paint onto something to change its color

I painted my bedroom wall yellow last weekend. It’s very bright!

perfect perfecto adjective /ˈpɜrfɪkt/ as good, correct, or accurate as it is possible to be

These shoes are perfect. They are exactly what I wanted.

persuade convencer verb /pərˈsweɪd/ to make someone agree to do something by giving them reasons why they should

He did finally come with us, although it took a long time to persuade him.

polished refinado, elegante adjective /ˈpɑlɪʃt/ of very high quality The boys want to achieve a polished, groomed look.

posh elegante adjective /pɑʃ/ something that is posh looks expensive and attractive

We are having the party in a posh bar downtown, so we are wearing stylish outfits.

precision precisión noun [noncount]

/prɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ the quality of being very accurate and exact

We have planned the wedding with precision, so it should be a success!

product producto noun [count] /ˈprɑdəkt/ something that is made, grown, or obtained in large quantities so that it can be sold

Using the internet, companies can advertise their products all over the world, not just in their own country.

prom baile (de la escuela) noun [count] /prɑm/ a dance for high school students, usually held at the end of the year

We danced all night at the prom and came home in a limo!

refund reembolsar noun [count] /ˈriˌfʌnd/ money that you get back because you paid too much for something, or because you decided that you do not want it

You will receive a full refund if you cancel the hotel reservation.


openMind


repair reparar verb /rɪˈper/ to fix something that is broken or damaged

It cost $20 to repair my shoes. I should have just bought a new pair instead!

replace reemplazar verb /rɪˈpleɪs/ to get rid of someone or something and to put a new person or thing in their place

They replaced the dryer because it wasn’t working properly. The new one works well.

rival no tener nada que envidiarle a

verb /ˈraɪv(ə)l/ to be as good as someone or something else

This small restaurant rivals any that you will find in the city.

rocket dispararse verb /ˈrɑkɪt/ if something such as a price or quantity rockets, it suddenly increases a lot

The sales of that shirt will rocket now that David Beckham has been photographed in it.

sales venta noun [count] /seɪlz/ the total number of things that a company sells within a particular period of time, or the money that it earns by selling things

Sales of smartphones have risen since the new year.

satisfactory satisfactorio adjective /ˌsætɪsˈfækt(ə)ri/ good enough to be accepted in a particular situation

I still haven’t received a satisfactory answer to my question.

shop around ver tiendas y comparar precios

phrasal verb /ʃɑp əˈraʊnd/ to go to several stores before you decide what particular thing to buy

I’m shopping around for a new coat.

slick con estilo adjective /slɪk/ done in a very impressive way that seems to need very little effort

His new hairstyle is slick and stylish.

smarten up mejorar su aspecto phrasal verb /ˈsmɑrt(ə)n ʌp/ if you smarten up or smarten yourself up, you make yourself look neat and clean. Mostly British English.

Since he got his new job in the bank, he’s really smartened up his look.

sneakers tenis noun /ˈsnikərz/ strong, comfortable shoes which are designed for doing sports in, but which many people wear as informal clothing

You won’t be allowed into the club in sneakers. You have to wear nicer shoes.

snowball aumentar verb /ˈsnoʊˌbɔl/ to develop quickly and become very big or serious

The interest in the product snowballed after a celebrity was seen with it. We couldn’t keep up with demand.

soar elevarse, aumentar verb /sɔr/ to quickly increase to a high level

Interest in the new software has soared because it is so affordable.


openMind


spokesman portavoz noun [count] /ˈspoʊksmən/ a man whose job is to officially represent an organization, for example, in dealing with journalists. A female is a spokeswoman, and gender-neutral is spokesperson.

A spokesman from the company gave an official statement.

spray tan bronceador en espray

noun [noncount]

/spreɪ tæn/ a procedure that makes your skin look like you have a suntan, using a colored liquid

In the winter, I usually get a spray tan.

stretch limo limusina noun [count] /stretʃ ˈlɪmoʊ/ a very long car with a large and comfortable space inside for several passengers

Ten of us went to the prom in a stretch limo; we felt like movie stars!

study estudio noun [count] /ˈstʌdi/ a research project that examines a problem or a particular subject

According to a recent study, men are spending more money on beauty products than ever before.

suit traje noun [count] /sut/ a set of clothes made from the same cloth, usually a jacket with pants or a skirt

I have a new suit. The jacket fits, but the pants are a little long.

swag (yourself) out (with)

equiparse con verb phrase /swæɡ aʊt/ to get all the clothes and equipment that are necessary for an activity

Kids nowadays tend to swag themselves out with designer clothes and expensive shoes.

tablet tablet noun [count] /ˈtæblət/ a small computer which you use by touching the screen, rather than using a keyboard

I love my new tablet because I can work on the train much more easily.

take (something) back

devolver verb phrase /teɪk bæk/ to take something that you bought back to the store because it is broken or not suitable

If you take the shirt back to the store, they will give you a refund.

teenage adolescente adjective /ˈtinˌeɪdʒ/ between the ages of 13 and 19

Teenage girls like to talk about fashion, music, make-up, and boys!

themed temático adjective /θimd/ used for describing a place with furniture, decorations, pictures, etc. that are related to a particular subject, activity, or event in history

He wants to have a themed party, but he can’t decide between “the 1970s” or “famous movie stars!”

too demasiado adverb /tu/ more than is necessary or acceptable

These shoes are too small. They hurt my feet.

treatment tratamiento noun [count] /ˈtritmənt/ a procedure at a beauty salon for your health, beauty, or wellbeing

She had some treatments at a beauty salon yesterday and she looks and feels great today!


openMind


turn on encender phrasal verb /tɜrn ɑn/ to make a piece of equipment start working by pressing a button or moving a switch

Please turn on the light; it’s too dark to see anything.

tuxedo esmoquin noun [count] /tʌkˈsidoʊ/ a man’s black or white jacket worn on formal occasions

He looked very stylish in his tuxedo and bow tie!

whereas mientras que conjunction /werˈæz/ used for comparing two things, people, situations, etc. and showing that there is an important difference between them

Girls buy prom outfits weeks in advance, whereas guys rush in last minute to buy theirs.

work funcionar verb /wɜrk/ to operate in a satisfactory way

My headphones don’t work. I can’t hear anything.

would-be aspirante a adjective /wʊd bi/ hoping or trying to do, or be, something

She’s a would-be singer, but I don’t think her voice is good enough.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT fOUr


already ya adverb /ɔlˈredi/ used for saying that something has happened before now, or before another point in time

He’s only 16, but he’s already started his own business.

ancient antiguo adjective /ˈeɪnʃənt/ relating to people who lived thousands of years ago and to their way of life

The ancient Egyptians lived thousands of years ago.

assembly line línea de montaje noun [count] /əˈsembli laɪn/ a system for making products in a factory. Each worker or machine does a single job as the product moves past them.

She works on an assembly line at the factory.

babysitting cuidar niños noun [noncount]

/ˈbeɪbiˌsɪtɪŋ/ to take care of children in their home while their parents are not there, especially in the evening

I’m going to earn some money during my vacation by babysitting some children in my neighborhood.

basic básico adjective /ˈbeɪsɪk/ not very advanced, or not very complicated

I can do basic home repairs, but nothing that involves electricity or plumbing!

be tempted to estar tentado a verb phrase /bi ˈtemptəd tə/ to make you want to do or to have something, especially something that is not good for you

Don’t be tempted to buy too much, just because you have the money.

bicycle bicicleta noun [count] /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ a vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing pedals with your feet. A bicycle is often called a bike. Someone riding a bicycle is a cyclist.

I bought a bicycle so I could cycle to work.

building materials

materiales de construcción

noun [noncount]

/ˈbɪldɪŋ məˈtɪriəlz/ a substance, used especially for building, such as bricks, wood, etc.

The main building materials used for this house are bricks and tiles.

bus pass pase/abono de autobús

noun [count] /bʌs pæs/ a special ticket that allows someone to travel by bus without paying each time

Students and old people can have a special bus pass to travel more cheaply across the city.

bus stop parada de autobús noun [count] /bʌs stɑp/ a place marked by a sign at the side of a road where buses stop to let passengers get on and off

The bus will not stop for passengers unless they are at the bus stop.


openMind


business plan plan de negocios noun [count] /ˈbɪznəs plæn/ a document giving details of a company’s plans for the future

If you want the bank to invest in your business, you will need a good business plan.

campus campus noun [count] /ˈkæmpəs/ an area of land containing all the main buildings of a college

My lectures are in different buildings around the college campus.

chore tarea noun [count] /tʃɔr/ an ordinary job that has to be done regularly

Her daily chores include vacuuming and doing the dishes.

civilization civilización noun [count] /ˌsɪvɪlɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ a society that has developed its own culture and institutions

We learn a lot about ancient civilizations from archeological sites.

classic clásico adjective /ˈklæsɪk/ completely typical It was a classic example of love at first sight!

classroom salón de clases noun [count] /ˈklæsˌrum/ a room where you have classes in a school

You are not allowed into the classrooms at school unless a teacher is there.

competition competencia noun [noncount]

/ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ the activities of companies that are trying to be more successful than others

Before you set up a business, find out what competition you have in your area.

complicated complicado adjective /ˈkɑmplɪˌkeɪtəd/ difficult to do, deal with, or understand, especially because of involving a lot of different processes or aspects

Starting a business isn’t simple, but it’s not as complicated as people think.

create crear verb /kriˈeɪt/ to make something new or original that did not exist before

Ask someone artistic to help you create an identity for your business.

dissatisfied insatisfecho adjective /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ annoyed because something is not as good as you expected it to be

She is a very dissatisfied customer.

eCommerce comercio electrónico

noun [noncount]

/iˈkɑˌmɜrs/ the activity of buying and selling goods on the internet

eCommerce is one way to make money online.

effective eficaz adjective /ɪˈfektɪv/ someone or something that works well and produces the intended result

To be an effective communicator, you have to be able to listen to other people.

enormous enorme adjective /ɪˈnɔrməs/ very large in size The college campus is enormous; you will have to take a bus from one side to the other.

entrepreneur empresario noun [count] /ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr/ someone who uses money to start businesses and make business deals

She’s a very successful entrepreneur.


openMind


extremely sumamente adverb /ɪkˈstrimli/ very: used for emphasizing an adjective or adverb

The materials were extremely heavy so we couldn’t carry them.

financially económicamente adverb /faɪˈnænʃ(ə)l/ involving money Running your own business can be rewarding, both personally and financially.

goods bienes noun [noncount]

/ɡʊdz/ objects produced for sale

What kinds of goods and services does the market want?

heavy pesado adjective /ˈhevi/ a heavy object weighs a lot

Don’t try to carry those bags; they are too heavy.

helpful útil adjective /ˈhelpfəl/ a helpful person helps you by doing something or by giving you useful advice or information

The salesperson at the computer store was very helpful.

image imagen noun [count] /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ an opinion that people have about someone or something, which may not be true

You have to project a professional image so that people trust your business.

instructor instructor noun [count] /ɪnˈstrʌktər/ someone whose job is to teach a skill or a sport

You have to be very patient to be a driving instructor.

invention invento noun [count] /ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n/ a machine, tool, or system that someone has made, designed, or thought of for the first time

The invention of the wheel revolutionized transportation.

involve involucrar, implicar verb /ɪnˈvɑlv to include something as a necessary part of an activity, event, or situation

The college course involves a lot of hard work.

key clave noun [count] /ki/ the thing that will do most to help you to achieve something

Good planning is the key to success.

launch lanzar verb /lɔntʃ/ to start a major activity such as a military attack, a public investigation, or a business, or project

We launched the business in 2007 and it’s made a profit every year.

lawn césped noun [count] /lɔn/ an area of grass that is cut short, especially in someone’s yard

Let’s have lunch outside on the lawn.

lecture conferencia noun [count] /ˈlektʃər/ a talk to a group of people about a particular subject, especially at a college or university

This course is taught through a series of lectures and tutorials.

loan préstamo noun [count] /loʊn/ an amount of money that a person, business, or country borrows, especially from a bank

She took out a loan from the bank to buy a new car.


openMind


logo logo noun [count] /ˈloʊɡoʊ/ a symbol that represents an organization or company, used, for example, in its advertisements or on its products

We have to create a new logo for the business.

market mercado noun [count] /ˈmɑrkət/ the total number of people willing to buy a particular product

What does the market want?

marketing mercadotecnica, marketing

noun [noncount]

/ˈmɑrkətɪŋ/ the ways in which a company encourages people to buy its products by deciding on price, type of customer, and advertising policy

We have a new marketing strategy that involves online promotion.

minibus minibus, autobús pequeño

noun [count] /ˈmɪniˌbʌs/ a small bus for about ten to fifteen people

We travel to sports events in the school minibus.

multiple múltiple adjective /ˈmʌltɪp(ə)l/ involving or consisting of many people, things, or parts

Do you want a ticket for multiple trips or for a single trip?

need(s) necesidad(es) noun [noncount]

/nidz/ something that you need in order to be healthy, comfortable, successful, etc.

I want to find the office space that is best suited to my company’s individual needs.

one by one uno por uno phrase /ˈwʌn ˌbaɪ wʌn/ first one, then the next, then the next, etc.; separately

Cars were made one by one until the assembly line was invented in 1908.

opportunity oportunidad noun [count] /ˌɑpərˈtunəti/ a chance to do something, or a situation in which it is easy for you to do something

In my new job I get the opportunity to travel, which is the main reason why I wanted it.

passion pasión noun [count] /ˈpæʃ(ə)n/ a strong enthusiasm or interest

He has a real passion for helping young people, so he set up a youth club.

pay pagar verb /peɪ/ to give money to someone who does a job for you

Sometimes it is better to pay a professional to do home repairs rather than to try them yourself.

period y punto adverb /ˈpɪriəd/ used for emphasizing that there cannot be any argument about a subject

Behaving like that is just wrong in any situation, period.

personally personalmente adverb /ˈpɜrsənəli/ in relation to your private life, rather than to your work, business, etc.

She influenced his life, both personally and professionally.

poorly made de baja calidad adjective /ˈpʊrli meɪd/ not made to a satisfactory standard

Their products never last very long because they are poorly made.


openMind


professional profesional adjective /prəˈfəʃən(ə)l/ playing a sport or doing an activity as a job rather than for enjoyment

He’s a professional soccer player and he earns a lot of money!

project proyectar verb /prəˈdʒekt/ to give people an idea that someone or something has particular qualities

It’s important to project a professional image, even if you are a small business.

quality calidad noun [count/noncount]

/ˈkwɑləti/ the quality of something is how good or bad it is

If the quality of the product is poor, then people will not buy it.

register registrar verb /ˈredʒɪstər/ to put information about someone or something on an official list

You have to register a new business with the authorities.

result resultado noun [count] /rɪˈzʌlt/ something that is caused directly by something else that happened previously

The increase in sales is the result of some fierce marketing activity.

rude grosero adjective /rud/ not polite I don’t want to seem rude, but I’d rather be alone.

run a business tener un negocio verb /rʌn ə ˈbɪznəs/ the work of buying or selling products or services for money

I run a business selling greeting cards.

satisfied satisfecho adjective /ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ pleased with what has happened or with what you have achieved

I like to make sure my customers are always satisfied.

satisfying satisfactorio adjective /ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ/ making you feel pleased or happy

I find working in the healthcare sector very satisfying because I feel good that I am helping people.

saying dicho noun [count] /ˈseɪɪŋ/ a well-known statement about what often happens in life

“Tomorrow’s another day,” she said, repeating one of her many sayings.

sell vender verb /sel/ to exchange something for money

He buys and sells antiques in his spare time.

semester-long durante el semestre adverb /səˈmestər lɔŋ/ occurring for one semester in school or college

We have a semester-long bus pass that we can use from September until the beginning of January.

service servicio noun [count] /ˈsɜrvɪs/ a business or organization that earns money by providing help, information, or advice for the public

He provides a service for cleaning small offices.

single sencillo adjective /ˈsɪŋɡ(ə)l/ a single trip is when you travel to a place but not back from it, or to any further destination

Do you want a ticket for multiple trips, or for a single trip?


openMind


site sitio noun [count] /saɪt/ a website There are lots of online sites to help you learn more about running a business.

solution solución noun [count] /səˈluʃ(ə)n/ a way to solve a problem or deal with a bad situation

The committee has failed to come up with any solutions for the crisis.

solve solucionar verb /sɑlv/ to find a solution to something that is causing difficulties

We can help you solve your financial problems.

strategy estrategia noun [count] /ˈstrætədʒi/ a plan or method for achieving something, especially over a long period of time

This is a game of skill and strategy; it isn’t about luck.

target market mercado objetivo noun [count] /ˈtɑrɡət ˈmɑrkət/ an area of the market that a product or service is aimed at

Our target market is women between 40–55 years of age.

tax office oficina de Hacienda noun [count] /tæks ˈɑfɪs/ the official workplace that deals with people’s taxes

You need to register your new business at the tax office.

the general public

el público general noun phrase /ˈðəˈdʒen(ə)rəl pʌblɪk/

people in general The general public doesn’t really understand why bankers have to earn so much.

thinking pensamiento noun [count] /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ the way that you consider things or react to them

Creative thinking will help you solve your business problems.

time-consuming

que lleva mucho tiempo

adjective /taɪm kənˈsumɪŋ/ something that is time-consuming takes a long time to do

Traveling to and from work is so time-consuming; it takes me three hours a day in total!

tiring cansado adjective /ˈtaɪrɪŋ/ making you feel tired My new job is very tiring; I have to work late and get up early.

uninformed desinformado adjective /ˌʌnɪmˈfɔrmd/ without knowledge or information about something

She is very uninformed about current affairs.

unprofessional poco profesional adjective /ˌʌnprəˈfeʃən(ə)l/ not behaving according to the normal standards of behavior for your profession

The rude way she treats clients is very unprofessional.

well informed bien informado adjective /wel ɪnˈfɔrmd/ knowing a lot about a subject or a situation

I always go to that computer store because the salespeople are so well informed.

wheel rueda noun [count] /wil/ a circular object that turns around in order to make a car, bicycle, or other vehicle move

A bike has two wheels and a car has four.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT fIve


ask a favor pedir un favor phrase /æsk ə ˈfeɪvər/ to request that someone does something to help you

I need to ask a favor. Will you drive me to the train station?

ask permission pedir permiso phrase /æsk pərˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ to request that someone in authority gives you the right to do something

Children should ask permission from their parents before downloading apps.

base on basar (algo) en verb /beɪs ɑn/ to use particular ideas or facts to make a decision, do a calculation, or develop a theory

My opinion of him is based on gossip; I have never met him!

benefit beneficio noun [count] /ˈbenəfɪt/ an advantage you get from a situation

Communication with friends is good for us; it has social and psychological benefits.

collect reunir verb /kəˈlekt/ to get things and keep them together for a particular reason

First we collect the data, and then we analyze it.

conflict conflicto noun [count] /ˈkɑnˌflɪkt/ angry disagreement between people or groups

I try to avoid conflict at work because I like a positive working environment.

connotation(s) connotación (connotaciones)

noun [count] /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ an additional idea or emotion that a word suggests to you, that is not part of its usual meaning

The verb “gossip” has negative connotations, but gossiping isn’t always bad.

controversial controvertido adjective /ˌkɑntrəˈvɜrʃ(ə)l/ a controversial subject, opinion, or decision is one that people disagree about or do not approve of

There are controversial plans to build a highway through the town.

conversation conversación noun [count] /ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃ(ə)n/ a talk between two or more people, usually a private and informal one

Two-thirds of all human conversation is gossip.

convince convencer verb /kənˈvɪns/ to persuade someone to do something

He convinced me to buy the secondhand car, even though I wanted a new one.

criticism crítica noun [noncount]

/ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/ comments that show that you think something is wrong or bad

Most gossip is not based on criticism. Some gossip is positive about people.


openMind


data datos noun [noncount]

/ˈdætə/ facts or information used for making calculations or decisions: can be followed by a plural verb in scientific English, in which case the singular is datum

Do a survey to collect data for your report.

desktop computer

computadora de escritorio

noun [count] /ˈdeskˌtɑp kəmˈpjutər/

a computer that is designed for use in a single location, for example, at a desk

I have a desktop computer in the office and a laptop for when I work at home.

direct directo adjective /dɪˈrekt/ saying what you really think in a very clear and honest way

My boss is very direct and she often offends people in the office.

element elemento noun [count] /ˈelɪmənt/ a small but important amount of a particular quality or feeling

Gossip is just communication about people with an evaluative element.

entertainment entretenimiento noun [noncount]

/ˌentərˈteɪnmənt/ performances that people enjoy

The survey showed that more women read entertainment news than sports news.

establish establecer verb /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/ to make something start to exist or start to happen

The new leader established good relations with the business community.

exchange information

intercambiar información

phrase /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/

to give someone information, and then listen to what information they give you

She thinks she’s “exchanging information,” but we think she’s gossiping!

explain explicar verb /ɪkˈspleɪn/ to tell someone something in a way that helps them understand it better

I was confused by the results until the teacher explained them.

face-to-face cara a cara adjective /feɪs tə feɪs/ involving two people who are together in the same place

I prefer to do business in face-to-face meetings rather than via videoconferencing.

findings conclusiones noun [noncount]

/ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ information or opinions that come from doing research

The findings of the research were absolutely fascinating.

follow seguir verb /ˈfɑloʊ/ to be interested in the progress or development of someone or something

I follow sports news during the Olympics, but not at any other time.

give a speech dar un discurso phrase /ɡɪv ə spitʃ/ to speak to an audience in a formal setting

The President gave an excellent speech to Congress.

give a talk dar una plática phrase /ɡɪv ə tɔk/ to present an informal lecture about a subject

Pete gave a talk on his travels in Nepal.

gossip chisme noun [noncount]

/ˈɡɑsɪp/ conversation about unimportant subjects, especially people’s private lives

I never listen to office gossip.


openMind


gossip chismear verb /ˈɡɑsɪp/ to talk about other people, or about things that are not important

My mom likes to gossip about the neighbors with her friends.

human humano adjective /ˈhjumən/ relating to people Two-thirds of all human conversation is gossip.

imply insinuar verb /ɪmˈplaɪ/ to show or suggest that something exists or is true

I didn’t mean to imply that you were interfering.

in person en persona phrase /ɪn ˈpɜrs(ə)n/ to do something by going to a place or person rather than by writing, telephoning, or sending someone else

You have to pick up the tickets in person. You can’t have them sent in the mail.

indecisive indeciso adjective /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/ unable to make decisions

Critics say the leader has been weak and indecisive.

indicate indicar verb /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ to show that something will happen, is true, or exists

Research indicates that communicating with friends lowers our stress levels.

laptop computadora portátil, laptop

noun [count] /ˈlæpˌtɑp/ a small computer that you can carry with you

I bought a laptop so I could work on the train.

lower bajar verb /ˈloʊr/ to reduce something in number, amount, value, or strength

My doctor says I need to lower my stress levels.

majority mayoría noun [noncount]

/məˈdʒɔrəti/ most of the people or things in a group

The majority of our employees are women; almost 75%!

negative negativo adjective /ˈneɡətɪv/ harmful or bad Gossiping is not a negative pastime.

neighbor vecino noun [count] /ˈneɪbər/ someone who lives near you

Jim and Margaret have been our neighbors for years.

news noticia noun [noncount]

/nuz/ information about something that has happened recently

Most people in the survey get news via the internet.

not necessarily no necesariamente phrase /nɑt ˈnesəˈserəli/ not always, or not in every situation

Gossip is not necessarily negative.

occupation ocupación noun [count] /ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃ(ə)n/ a job. This word is used especially on forms and in formal writing.

The study linked people’s stress levels to their occupations.

orally oralmente adjective /ˈɔrəli/ spoken, but not written

For the “Speaking” exam, you have to give your answers orally.

participant participante noun [count] /pɑrˈtɪsɪpənt/ someone who takes part in something

Since there were only fifteen participants in the survey, the results are unreliable.


openMind


pattern patrón noun [count] /ˈpætərn/ a series of actions or events that together show how things normally happen or are done

The study examined patterns of behavior in young children.

politics política noun [noncount]

/ˈpɑlətɪks/ the study of how people gain and use political power

I enjoy reading books about politics because I’m interested in government.

prove probar verb /pruv/ to provide evidence that shows that something is true

He has proven that hard work achieves good grades.

psychological psicológico adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑdʒɪk(ə)l/ involving or affecting your mind

Gossip can have psychological benefits.

psychologist psicólogo noun [count] /saɪˈkɑlədʒɪst/ someone who studies how people’s minds work, and how this affects their behavior

She wants to be a psychologist because she is interested in how the brain works.

purpose(s) propósito noun [count] /ˈpɜrpəs/ when considering one particular thing

Do you use your cell phone primarily for business purposes?

rather than en vez de phrase /ˈræðər ðən/ used for saying that one thing is preferred to another, or happens instead of another

Doug chose to quit rather than admit that he’d made a mistake.

reinforce reforzar verb /ˌriɪnˈfɔrs to make an idea, belief, or feeling stronger

These latest figures reinforce the view that economic growth is slowing.

resolve resolver verb /rɪˈzɑlv/ to solve a problem or to find a satisfactory way of dealing with a disagreement

The conflict was resolved with intense negotiation.

section sección noun [count] /ˈsekʃ(ə)n/ something, or a group of things, that forms part of a larger group

The report is divided into four main sections.

sex sexo noun [count] /seks/ males or females considered as separate groups

This is true for both sexes – men and women.

similar similar adverb /ˈsɪmɪlər/ things that are similar share some qualities, but are not exactly the same

All the students in the class have similar views about education.

similarity similitud noun [count] /ˌsɪmɪˈlerəti/ the degree to which one thing is similar to another thing, or the fact that they are similar

I found some similarities between the two stories, but they were mostly different.

simply simplemente adverb /ˈsɪmpli/ used for emphasizing that what you are saying is nothing more than what you say it is

Gossip is not always negative; it’s simply interesting to talk about people.


openMind


smartphone teléfono inteligente, smartphone

noun [count] /ˈsmɑrtˌfoʊn/ a cell phone that also works as a small computer, allowing you to store information and write letters and reports

You don’t need to bring your laptop; you can use my smartphone!

social interaction

interacción social noun [count] /ˈsoʊʃ(ə)l ˌɪntərˈækʃən/

the activity of being with and talking to other people, and the way that people react to each other

I like learning English in a class rather than online because I like the social interaction.

social life vida social phrase /ˈsoʊʃ(ə)l laɪf/ the time that you spend enjoying yourself with friends

I don’t have much of a social life right now because I am studying for my exams.

social media platform

plataforma de medios sociales

phrase /ˈsoʊʃ(ə)l midiə ˈplætˌfɔrm/

a computer program or service that allows communication between people

He uses lots of different social media platforms to stay in touch with friends around the world.

social skills habilidades sociales phrase /ˈsoʊʃ(ə)l skɪlz/ the ability to talk to other people confidently, particularly people you don’t know

His social skills aren’t great, so he wants a job where he can work independently.

socially socialmente adverb /ˈsoʊʃ(ə)li/ in situations and activities that involve being with other people, especially for enjoyment

He’s socially awkward; he finds it difficult to talk to people.

source fuente noun [count] /sɔrs/ the cause of an event or the place where it began

The source of the story is not clear, but they think it began in the senate.

state plantear verb /steɪt/ to express something in speech or writing, especially in a definite or formal way

He stated that the project would be completed by April.

stress estrés noun [noncount]

/stres/ a worried or nervous feeling that stops you relaxing, caused, for example, by pressure at work, or financial or personal problems

She is suffering from stress and needs to take some time off work.

subject tema noun [count] /ˈsʌbˌdʒekt/ an idea, problem, situation, etc. that you discuss or write about

Can we talk about a different subject, please?

summarize resumir verb /ˈsʌməˌraɪz/ to provide a short account of the most important facts or features of something

Please summarize the report findings into a short paragraph.

tell a joke contar un chiste phrase /tel ə dʒoʊk/ to say something that is intended to make people laugh (usually a short story with a funny ending)

He tells a lot of jokes, but I don’t find him very funny.

tell a story contar una historia phrase /tel ə ˈstɔri/ to give a description of some events

His grandfather told him a story about the war.


openMind


tell the truth decir la verdad phrase /tel ðə truθ/ to give the actual facts about something, rather than what people think or say is true

My sister is very honest. She always tells the truth.

trivial trivial adjective /ˈtrɪviəl/ not very interesting, serious, or valuable

I don’t see Mary anymore because she just talks about trivial things like shopping and make up.

two-thirds dos tercios noun [noncount]

/tu θɜrdz/ two of three equal parts of something

Only two-thirds of the class passed the exam; that’s only about 65%!

unexpected inesperado adjective /ˌʌnɪkˈspektəd/ something that is surprising because you did not expect it at all, or you expected it to happen in a different way

If you get any unexpected results, you may not have set up the experiment properly.

values valores phrase /ˈvæljuz/ the principles and beliefs that influence the behavior and way of life of a particular group or community

They have a different set of values from us, and live a very different life.

via a través de preposition /ˈvaɪə/ using a particular method or person to send or deliver something

We keep in touch via social media websites.

vital vital adjective /ˈvaɪt(ə)l/ very important, necessary, or essential

It is vital that schools teach students to use computer technology.

workmate compañero de trabajo

noun [count] /ˈwɜrkˌmeɪt/ someone you work with

He always goes out with his workmates after work on Friday evenings.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT sIx


aggressive agresivo adjective /əˈɡresɪv/ behaving in an angry or rude way that shows you want to fight, attack, or argue with someone

The company will not tolerate aggressive behavior towards its staff.

appear parecer verb /əˈpɪr/ to make other people think that you are something, or feel something. Appear is a slightly more formal word than seem.

He appeared nervous in the interview, but he said he felt confident.

arm brazo noun [count] /ɑrm/ one of the two long parts of your body with your hands at the end

Put your arms around her to keep her warm.

arrest arrestar verb /əˈrest/ if the police arrest someone, they take that person to a police station because they believe he or she has committed a crime. Someone who has been arrested is under arrest and if they are not allowed to leave, they are in custody.

He was arrested for stealing a car.

carry tener verb /ˈkeri/ communicate something

The words you say carry some of the meaning, but your body language and facial expressions carry more!

cheat on (someone)

engañar verb phrase /tʃit ɑn/ to have a secret romantic relationship with someone who is not your husband, wife, or partner. You can also say that someone is unfaithful to their husband, wife, or partner.

If he cheated on her, then she will leave him.

climate change cambio climático noun [noncount]

/ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ the changes that are thought to be affecting the world’s weather so that it is becoming warmer

My main concern about climate change is the melting of the polar regions.

close friend amigo cercano noun [count] /kloʊz frend/ a good friend I have known her for a long time, but she isn’t one of my close friends.


openMind


communicator comunicador noun [count] /kəˈmjunɪˌkeɪtər/ someone who expresses thoughts, feelings, or information to another person, for example, by speaking or writing

Are you a good communicator at work?

confront afrontar, enfrentar verb /kənˈfrʌnt/ to deal with a difficult situation

If you don’t confront him, you will never know if he is cheating on you or not.

consequence consecuencia noun [count] /ˈkɑnsəkwəns/ a result or effect of something

You have to consider the consequences of your actions.

course of action

curso de acción noun [count] /kɔrs əv ˈækʃ(ə)n/ things you do in order to achieve a particular purpose

You have to consider all of the possible courses of action before you make a decision.

cousin primo noun [count] /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ a child of your uncle or aunt

She has a large family, with lots of cousins.

defensive defensivo adjective /dɪˈfensɪv/ showing that you are angry or offended when you think that someone is criticizing you

He got really defensive when I asked him why he left early.

dilemma dilema noun [count] /dɪˈlemə/ a situation in which you have to make a difficult decision because the options seem equally good or bad

I’m in a dilemma about the job offer. Do I change jobs or not?

display exposición, muestra noun [count] /dɪˈspleɪ/ an arrangement of things for people to look at

The display in the store window looked great.

drop out abandonar verb phrase /drɑp aʊt/ to leave something such as an activity, school, or competition before you have finished what you intended to do

Please don’t drop out of the trip. We can’t go if we don’t have enough people.

economy economía noun [noncount]

/ɪˈkɑnəmi/ the whole of a country’s business, industry, and trade, and the money that they produce

Between 1982 and 1988, the economy grew at an average of about three percent per year.

ethical ético adjective /ˈeθɪk(ə)l/ involving the principles used for deciding what is right and what is wrong

Using animals in scientific research raises ethical questions.

evaluation evaluación noun [count] /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn/ a judgement about how good, useful, or successful something is

We need to carry out a full evaluation of the new computer system.

exercise ejercitar verb /ˈeksərˌsaɪz/ to do a physical activity such as walking, swimming, or running in order to stay healthy and make your body stronger

I am going to exercise more often because I want to get in shape.


openMind


face cara noun [count] /feɪs/ the front part of your head, where your eyes, nose, and mouth are

She has a beautiful face, with dark brown eyes and a small nose.

feedback retroalimentación noun [noncount]

/ˈfidˌbæk/ comments about how well or how badly someone is doing something, which are intended to help them do it better

I didn’t get the job, but they gave me some useful feedback after the interview.

gesture gesto noun [count] /ˈdʒestʃər/ a movement that communicates a feeling or instruction

He makes a lot of gestures with his hands when he speaks Italian!

hand mano noun [count] /hænd/ the part of your body at the end of each arm that you use for picking up and holding things

In soccer, only the goalkeeper can touch the ball with his hands.

instinct instinto noun [count] /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ a natural ability to know what to do in a particular situation

In business, it is often best to follow your instincts.

interfere interferir verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪr/ to deliberately become involved in a situation and try to influence the way that it develops, although you have no right to do this

Please don’t interfere in my private life. It’s none of your business who I go out with.

keep (something) secret

mantener (algo) en secreto

verb phrase /kip ˈsikrət/ not tell a piece of information that is known by only a small number of people

She kept her illness a secret from her whole family.

life change cambio de vida noun [count] /laɪf tʃeɪndʒ/ a change of circumstance that greatly affects your life

We made a huge life change when we moved from New York City to rural Australia.

loud escandaloso adjective /laʊd/ used for describing a person who talks in a loud and confident way that annoys other people

Jenna is so loud; she always spoils a party because she talks so much and has to be the center of attention.

moral moral adjective /ˈmɔrəl/ relating to right and wrong and the way that people should behave

Stephen was faced with the moral dilemma of whether he should return the money he had found.

movement movimiento noun [count] /ˈmuvmənt/ a change in the position of your body or a particular way of moving your body

The injury has restricted movement in his arm.

observe observar verb /əbˈzɜrv/ to watch or study someone or something with care and attention in order to discover something

Please observe him carefully for 24 hours after his head injury, in case there are signs of deterioration.


openMind


pen pluma noun [count] /pen/ an object that you use for writing or drawing with ink

I use black or blue pens for my schoolwork.

pie chart gráfica de pastel noun [count] /paɪ tʃɑrt/ a circle divided into sections in order to show how something is divided into different amounts

We had to present the results in a graph or a pie chart.

pocket bolsillo noun [count] /ˈpɑkɪt/ a small bag that forms part of a piece of clothing and is used for holding small objects

This jacket has a lot of pockets, so I don’t need to bring a bag.

reply responder, respuesta

noun [count] /rɪˈplaɪ/ something that you say or write as an answer

I sent a reply to the invitation.

salesperson vendedor noun [count] /ˈseɪlzˌpɜrs(ə)n/ someone whose job is to serve people in a store

If you need help finding the size you need, ask the salesperson.

self-aware consciente de sí mismo

adjective /self əˈwer/ understanding what your own true thoughts, feelings, and abilities are

He isn’t very self-aware, is he? He doesn’t realize that sometimes he should keep his opinions to himself.

steal robar verb /stil/ to take something that belongs to someone else without permission

She was accused of stealing clothes from a department store.

swap intercambiar verb /swɑp/ if two people swap jobs, activities, or positions, each person then does what the other person was doing

When you have finished, swap roles with a partner.

turn out resultar verb phrase /tɜrn aʊt/ to develop in a particular way, or to have a particular result

It turned out they were at the same college at the same time, but they had never met!

unsafe inseguro adjective /ʌnˈseɪf/ dangerous The heating system is unsafe because it is so old.

video game videojuego noun [count] /ˈvɪdioʊ ɡeɪm/ a game in which players use electronic controls to move images on a screen

This new video game has amazing graphics; the virtual landscapes are so realistic!

warn advertir verb /wɔrn/ to make someone conscious of a possible problem or danger so that they will not be hurt

The police warned us of the dangers of traveling alone at night.

weigh sopesar verb /weɪ/ to consider the good and bad aspects of something in order to reach a decision about it

To make the right decision, you need to weigh the positives and negatives.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT seveN


assume suponer verb /əˈsum/ to believe that something is true, even though you have no proof

Don’t assume that you will play on the team, since there are a lot of good players.

assumption suposición noun [count] /əˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n/ something that you think is likely to be true, although you cannot be certain

It’s important not to make assumptions until we know all the facts.

blind ciego adjective /blaɪnd/ unable to see. Some people prefer to use the expression visually impaired.

Blind and sighted children attend the same school.

brain cerebro noun [count] /breɪn/ the organ inside your head that allows you to think and feel, and controls your body

The human brain is divided into two halves.

challenge yourself

ponerse un retoe verb /ˈtʃæləndʒ jərˈself/

to push yourself to do more difficult things

She’s studying for another degree to challenge herself.

child prodigy niño prodigio noun [count] /tʃaɪld ˈprɑdədʒi/ a child who is extremely skillful at something that usually only adults can do

His five-year-old son plays the piano better than most adults; he could be a child prodigy.

crucial crucial adjective /ˈkruʃ(ə)l/ something that is crucial is extremely important because it has a major effect on the result of something

Hard work is crucial to exam success.

deaf sordo adjective /def/ not able to hear anything or not able to hear very well. Many deaf people wear a hearing aid to help them hear. Deaf people often use their hands to communicate in sign language and many can lip-read what other people are saying.

He’s a little deaf in one ear, but he can cope at school.

defining factor factor definitorio noun [count] /dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈfæktər/ a feature or quality that shows exactly what someone or something is like

The defining factor of genius is originality.

develop an ability

desarrollar una habilidad

phrase /dɪˈveləp ən əˈbɪləti/

to become skillful at something

We develop abilities in many things as we grow older.


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exceptional excepcional adjective /ɪkˈsepʃən(ə)l/ extremely good or impressive in a way that is unusual

Only very exceptional students get into MIT to study.

exist existir verb /ɪɡˈzɪst/ to be real or to appear in the real world

She’s twelve, and she still believes that fairies exist!

explore the possibilities

explorar las posibilidades

phrase /ɪkˈsplɔr ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz/

to examine or discuss all the different options

She has explored all the possibilities, but she hasn’t found any nice apartments.

figure out entender, resolver phrasal verb /ˈfɪɡjər aʊt/ to be able to understand something or to solve a problem

We had to figure out the connection between the two events.

find a solution encontrar una solución

phrase /faɪnd ə səˈluʃ(ə)n/ to think of a way to solve a problem

UN leaders are working hard to find a solution to the conflict.

genius genio noun [count] /ˈdʒiniəs/ someone who is much more intelligent or skillful than other people

There are very few geniuses in the world, but Leonardo da Vinci was one of them.

gifted dotado adjective /ˈɡɪftəd/ a gifted person has an impressive natural ability

My daughter’s teacher says she is a gifted child.

glass vaso noun [noncount]

/ɡlæs/ a small container made of glass used for a drink

You should serve champagne in a tall, narrow glass.

go back over volver y examinar verb phrase /ɡoʊ bæk ˈoʊvər/ to do something again from the beginning, or to check what you have done

In this online test, you cannot go back over the questions. Once you have clicked on an answer, you cannot change your mind.

hard and fast absoluto adjective /hɑrd ənd fæst/ fixed, and not able to be changed, or to be different

It’s not a hard and fast rule; it’s not true for everyone!

hopeful optimista, esperanzado

adjective /ˈhoʊpfəl/ believing that something will happen in the way that you want it to

In spite of our differences, we remain hopeful that a solution can be found.

hopeless sin esperanzas adjective /ˈhoʊpləs/ very unlikely to succeed or improve

I’m hopeless at playing tennis. I always lose.

illustrate ilustrar verb /ˈɪləˌstreɪt/ to show what something is like, or to show that something is true

The following examples illustrate our approach to customer service.

incredibly increíblemente adverb /ɪnˈkredəbli/ extremely It was incredibly difficult to fit everyone in because the room was so small.

intelligence inteligencia noun [noncount]

/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/ the ability to understand and think about things, and to gain and use knowledge

Maria had humor and intelligence, as well as beauty.


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inventor inventor noun [count] /ɪnˈventər/ someone who has invented something or whose job is to invent things

Leonardo da Vinci was a scientist, an inventor, a writer, and an artist!

IQ IQ noun [noncount]

/ˌaɪ ˈkju/ intelligence quotient: a number that represents someone’s intelligence

He has a very high IQ, but no common sense!

keyboard teclado noun [count] /ˈkiˌbɔrd/ a musical instrument that has keys, especially an electric piano

I can play the keyboard and the piano because they are really similar.

left-brain que predomina el lado izquierdo del cerebro

adjective /left breɪn/ left-brain thinkers rely more on the part of their brain that is used for thinking creatively and intuitively

Left-brain thinkers tend to like art and music at school.

left-handed zurdo adjective /ˌleft ˈhændɪd/ someone who is left-handed is born with a natural tendency to use their left hand to do things, especially things such as writing

According to studies, left-handed people are more artistic than right-handed people.

lift subir verb /lɪft/ to move something to a higher position

I cannot lift the suitcase; it is too heavy.

like como preposition /laɪk/ used for introducing an example of something or someone that you have just mentioned

You should avoid fatty foods like cake and cookies.

logic lógica noun [noncount]

/ˈlɑdʒɪk/ the way that someone connects ideas when they are explaining something or giving a reason

Logic is useless in understanding how we fall in love with someone.

matchstick palillo noun [count] /ˈmætʃˌstɪk/ a single match made of wood

He used to build things out of matchsticks when he was a child.

of some kind de algún tipo phrase /ɑv sʌm kaɪnd/ a type of person or thing

She’s working on a business deal of some kind in France.

ordinary ordinario adjective /ˈɔrd(ə)nˌeri/ normal or average, and not unusual or special

Most ordinary people need a calculator to do that equation.

originality originalidad noun [noncount]

/əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti/ the quality of being new, interesting, and different

His writing shows real originality.

overlook pasar por alto verb /ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/ to fail to consider someone or something, or to fail to recognize success

She was overlooked for the job because she was considered too old at 55. The successful candidate was only 30.


openMind


painful doloroso adjective /ˈpeɪnf(ə)l/ making you feel upset, ashamed, or unhappy or causing physical pain

I have a sore throat and it’s really painful when I swallow.

painless indoloro adjective /ˈpeɪnləs/ not causing any physical pain, or less difficult or unpleasant than you expected

I was very worried about the interview, but in fact it was pretty painless.

perhaps quizá adverb /pərˈhæps/ used when you are making a suggestion, giving advice, or making a polite request

Maybe you should stay home if you don’t feel well?

poor pobre adjective /pʊr/ of low quality The teacher said his schoolwork was poor.

powerless sin poder, impotente

adjective /ˈpaʊrləs/ not able to control or prevent something

She was powerless to stop him.

raise criar, educar verb /reɪz/ to make people start to think about or realize something

The accident raises a number of questions about the safety of the system.

range comprender, abarcar

verb /reɪndʒ/ to be included in a group of numbers, ages, measurements, etc. with particular fixed limits

The scores ranged from 42–98%.

reader lector noun [count] /ˈridər/ someone who reads, especially someone who reads a particular newspaper, book, or magazine

Readers of our magazine will be familiar with her column.

right-brain que predomina el lado derecho del cerebro

adjective /raɪt breɪn/ right-brain thinkers rely more on the part of their brain that is used for thinking logically and systematically

Right-brain thinkers are often good at math.

right-handed diestro adjective /ˌraɪt ˈhændɪd/ naturally tending to use your right hand rather than your left hand to do things such as writing

He’s right-handed, but all the other members of his family are left-handed.

rock star estrella de rock noun [count] /rɑk stɑr/ a famous singer or musician who performs rock music

Rod Stewart is a famous rock star from the 1980s and 90s.

speculate especular verb /ˈspekjəˌleɪt/ to consider or discuss why something has happened or what might happen

We can only speculate on the reasons for his sudden resignation.

straight recto adjective /streɪt/ without a bend or curve

Use a ruler to draw straight lines.

successful exitoso adjective /səkˈsesfəl/ achieving the result that you want or doing well in your career

The team has had a very successful season.

systematically sistemáticamente adverb /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli/ in a way that is according to a careful plan

The collection has not been systematically updated.


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talented talentoso adjective /ˈtæləntəd/ someone who is talented is very good at something

He is a very talented artist; his paintings are amazing!

test examinar verb /test/ to examine something to find out if it is satisfactory or if it has a particular quality

It is only a theory until you test it.

thoughtful amable, considerado

adjective /ˈθɔtf(ə)l/ kind, and showing that you think about what other people want or need

Thank you; the flowers were a very thoughtful gift.

thoughtless desconsiderado adjective /ˈθɔtləs/ not thinking about what other people want or need

It was thoughtless of Michael to take the car without asking.

upside-down al revés adjective /ˈʌpˌsaɪd daʊn/ with the top part at the bottom or lower than the bottom part

She made a bench with two upside-down pots and a plank of wood.

useless inútil adjective /ˈjusləs/ not effective in achieving the purpose that something was intended to achieve

Why do you keep this completely useless umbrella? It doesn’t open!

well-known conocido, famoso adjective /wel noʊn/ known by many people or by the people involved in a particular situation

He’s a well-known actor in Russia, but nobody knows him here in the U.S.

work of art obra de arte noun [count] /wɜrk əv ɑrt/ something such as a painting or sculpture that is of very high quality

The museum was full of priceless works of art.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT eIghT


accident accidente noun [count] /ˈæksɪdənt/ a crash involving a car, train, plane, or other vehicle

The accident was caused by ice on the road.

accidentally accidentalmente adverb /ˌæksɪˈdent(ə)li/ by mistake, rather than deliberate intention

I accidentally sent a private email to my boss. It was so embarrassing.

agency agencia noun [count] /ˈeɪdʒənsi/ a business that provides a service for people or companies, especially by giving them information or making arrangements

We used a design agency to create the logo.

airline aerolínea noun [count] /ˈerˌlaɪn/ a company that owns aircrafts and takes people or goods by plane from one place to another

Which airline will you fly with to Singapore?

answer responder verb /ˈænsər/ to give a spoken reply to a question

Please answer me when I ask you a question!

approach enfoque noun [count] /əˈproʊtʃ/ a particular way of thinking about or dealing with something

That doesn’t seem to be working. Can we try a different approach?

baboon babuino noun [count] /bəˈbun/ a type of large monkey from Africa or South Asia

We saw lots of baboons on our vacation in Africa.

background fondo noun [noncount]

/ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/ the general situation in which something happens

The talks have been taking place against a background of increasing violence.

basket canasta noun [count] /ˈbæskət/ a container for carrying or keeping things in, made from thin pieces of plastic, wire, or wood woven together, and sometimes with a handle

I take a basket when I go shopping so that I don’t use the plastic bags at supermarkets.

business dinner cena de negocios noun [count] /ˈbɪznəs ˈdɪnər/ an evening meal arranged by people involved in business together

I won’t be home until later tonight because I have a business dinner.

campaign campaña noun [count] /kæmˈpeɪn/ a series of things such as television advertisements or posters that try to persuade people to buy a product

The ad campaign boosted sales by 25%.


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cancel cancelar verb /ˈkæns(ə)l/ to say that a legal agreement or obligation is now ended

I cancelled my cell phone contract because the service was bad.

characterize caracterizar verb /ˈkerəktəˌraɪz/ to describe someone or something as a particular type of person or thing

The movie was characterized as a “romantic comedy.”

childish infantil adjective /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/ suited to a small child The humor in the movie was childish; my little brother thought it was very funny, but I didn’t!

client cliente noun [count] /ˈklaɪənt/ someone who pays for the services of a professional person

We have an important client visiting the office today, so please work hard.

climb escalar verb /klaɪm/ to use your hands and feet to move up, over, down, or across something

He climbed onto the rocks and looked out at the ocean.

context contexto noun [count] /ˈkɑnˌtekst/ the general situation in which something happens, which helps to explain it

The events are easier to understand when you know the historical context.

cry gritar verb /kraɪ/ to shout something They heard the trapped crowd crying, “Please help us!”

disappear desaparecer verb /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/ to no longer happen or exist

The symptoms will disappear after a few days.

disturbing perturbador adjective /dɪˈstɜrbɪŋ/ making you feel extremely worried or upset

I found the descriptions of war in the book deeply disturbing.

eagle águila noun [count] /ˈiɡ(ə)l/ a large bird that eats other animals

We noticed a large bird in the sky and then we realized it was an eagle.

elephant elefante noun [count] /ˈeləfənt/ a very large wild animal that lives in Africa and Asia. It has thick, gray skin, and a very long nose called a trunk.

We saw elephants on our safari.

emotionally emocionalmente adverb /ɪˈmoʊʃ(ə)nəli/ in a way that affects your feelings, and the way these feelings affect your life

The divorce affected the children emotionally.

entertaining entretenido adjective /ˌentərˈteɪnɪŋ/ enjoyable or interesting

The play was very entertaining.

evening tarde noun [count] /ˈivnɪŋ/ the part of the day between the end of the afternoon and night, including the time when the sun goes down

Most people go out to see their friends on Friday and Saturday evenings.


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executive ejecutivo noun [count] /ɪɡˈzekjətɪv/ a senior manager in a business or other organization

We had a meeting with the company’s top executives.

fairy tale cuento de hadas noun [count] /ˈferi teɪl/ a traditional children’s story in which magic things happen

Sleeping Beauty is my favorite fairy tale.

flight attendant sobrecargo noun [count] /flaɪt əˈtendənt/ someone whose job is to take care of passengers on a plane

The flight attendant brought meals to the passengers during the flight.

get lost perderse verb /ɡet lɔst/ to not know where you are

I got lost on my way to the meeting and arrived late.

gripping apasionante adjective /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ very exciting and interesting

I thought his stories about traveling to the North Pole were gripping – especially the dangerous parts!

halfway through

a mitad de adverbial phrase

/hæfˈweɪ θru/ in the middle of a period of time

Halfway through the interview, my cell phone rang. It was really embarrassing.

hungry for ávido de verb /ˈhʌŋɡri fər/ wanting something, or wanting to do something, very much

The team is hungry for success this season!

hunting caza noun [noncount]

/ˈhʌntɪŋ/ the activity of chasing and killing wild animals

The people who live in the forest go hunting for animals most days.

imaginative imaginativo adjective /ɪˈmædʒɪnətɪv/ involving new, different, or exciting ideas

He was more imaginative than most history teachers.

in response (to) en respuesta a phrase /ɪn rɪˈspɑns/ something that is done as a reaction to something that has happened, or been said

In response to the allegations, he said, “No comment.”

in return a cambio phrase /ɪn rɪˈtɜrn/ as payment, or in exchange for something, or as a way of thanking someone for something

He gave us some local cheese and we gave him some local honey in return.

incident incidente noun [count] /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ something that happens, especially a violent, criminal, or dangerous event

Police are appealing for witnesses to the incident.

interview entrevista noun [count] /ˈɪntərˌvju/ a formal meeting in which someone asks you questions to find out if you are suitable for a job, course of study, etc.

I had three interviews for the job.

irrelevant irrelevante adjective /ɪˈreləvənt/ not important or not relevant to what you are discussing or doing

My views are irrelevant; the decision has been made.

junior subalterno adjective /ˈdʒuniər/ a junior person does not have a lot of responsibility or power in their job

He’s only a junior member of staff, so it is better to ask someone else.


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magical mágico adjective /ˈmædʒɪk(ə)l/ involving magic or the use of magic

Local people believe that this tree has magical powers.

matter importar verb /ˈmætər/ to be important Winning this award really matters to me.

moving conmovedor adjective /ˈmuvɪŋ/ making you feel emotional

I find the documentary about his difficult childhood very moving.

name nombre noun [count] /neɪm/ a word, or set of words, by which a person or thing is usually known

I am really bad at remembering names. Is it Joe or Harry?

nothing else nada más phrase /ˈnʌθɪŋ els/ not anything more I want my children to be happy. Nothing else matters.

oversleep quedarse dormido verb /ˌoʊvərˈslip/ to wake up later than you intended to

You cannot oversleep tomorrow, so please set your alarm clock tonight.

pass pasar verb /pæs/ to go past something How many stores do you pass on your way to school?

passenger pasajero noun [count] /ˈpæsɪndʒər/ someone who travels in a motor vehicle, aircraft, train, or ship, but is not the driver or one of the people who works on it

This car can take up to seven passengers!

people gente noun [noncount]

/ˈpip(ə)l/ all the persons who belong to a nation, religion, or race: can be followed by a singular or plural verb

These people are proud and dignified.

picture imagen noun [count] /ˈpɪktʃər/ a drawing, painting, or photograph

I drew a picture of the house with colored pencils.

pointless sin sentido adjective /ˈpɔɪntləs/ lacking any purpose or use

These forms are just pointless paperwork.

rabbit conejo noun [count] /ˈræbɪt/ a small animal with long ears and soft fur that some people keep as a pet

I am taking care of a friend’s rabbit while she is away.

refuse rechazar verb /rɪˈfjuz/ to say that you will not do or accept something, or will not let someone do something

Mom asked him to apologize, but he refused.

safety seguridad noun [noncount]

/ˈseɪfti/ relating to how safe something is, or designed to make something safer

The new car has had safety issues, including problems with the brakes and the seatbelts.

sea turtle tortuga de mar noun [count] /si ˈtɜrt(ə)l/ a turtle that lives in the ocean

We saw a sea turtle on our boat trip.


openMind


search buscar verb /sɜrtʃ/ to try to find something or someone by looking carefully

Rescue teams are still searching through the wreckage for survivors.

series serie noun [count] /ˈsɪriz/ a set of similar things that follow one after another

There will be a series of ads between June and October.

shell concha noun [count] /ʃel/ the hard, outer part that protects the body of a sea creature or other animal

We collected shells and pebbles from the beach.

slogan slogan noun [count] /ˈsloʊɡən/ a short phrase that is easy to remember and is used to advertise something or to express the beliefs of a political party or other group

We re-launched the business with a new image and a new slogan.

smile sonreir verb /smaɪl/ to raise the corners of your mouth when you are happy, pleased, being friendly, or when you think something is funny

He smiled and waved as I arrived at the station.

soaked empapado adjective /soʊkt/ extremely wet I walked to school in the rain this morning and my jacket is soaked.

sophisticated sofisticado adjective /səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd/ complicated and advanced in design

This plan was more sophisticated than previous attempts to rob the bank.

spill derramar verb /spɪl/ to accidentally pour a liquid out of its container

He spilled a drink down his shirt, so he went to change it.

split up separarse phrasal verb /splɪt ʌp/ to end a marriage or romantic relationship

I split up with my boyfriend so I’m single again.

suggest sugerir verb /səɡˈdʒest/ to offer an idea or a plan for someone to consider

Can you suggest any new restaurants to try?

survive sobrevivir verb /sərˈvaɪv/ to continue to exist or live, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation

Fish cannot survive for long out of the water.

take over sustituir phrasal verb /teɪk ˈoʊvər/ to take control of something

At the end of the book, the aliens take over the planet.

tale cuento noun [count] /teɪl/ a story about imaginary events or people

He told tales of dragons and faraway kingdoms.

the bottom of el fondo de phrase /ðə ˈbɑtəm əv/ the deepest part of the ocean or of a pool, lake, or river

He is too short to touch the bottom of the pool with his toes.


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thought-provoking

que hace pensar adjective /θɔt prəˈvoʊkɪŋ/ interesting in a way that makes you think of new ideas or that changes your attitude to something

His presentation about the future of the economy was very thought-provoking.

thrilling emocionante adjective /ˈθrɪlɪŋ/ extremely exciting The rollercoaster rides were thrilling!

touching conmovedor adjective /ˈtʌtʃɪŋ/ making you feel sad, sympathetic, happy, or grateful

The story of how they met is really touching.

unbelievable increíble adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈlivəb(ə)l/ too unlikely to be true or to be believed

The acting was fairly good, although the plot was unbelievable.

wish desear verb /wɪʃ/ used for saying that you hope that someone enjoys something or that something good happens to them

I can’t come to Kiera’s party, so please wish her a happy birthday from me!

wood madera noun [noncount]

/wʊd/ the substance that forms the main part of a tree and is used for making things such as furniture

The wood from these trees will make chairs.

zombie zombie noun [count] /ˈzɑmbi/ a dead person in some religions and stories who looks and behaves as though they are alive as a result of magic

The music video featured zombies taking over the planet!


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT NINe


ache doler verb /eɪk/ if part of your body aches, you feel a continuous pain there that is unpleasant, but not very strong

I carried lots of heavy shopping yesterday, and now my arms ache.

afford poder pagar verb /əˈfɔrd/ if you can afford something, you have enough money to be able to pay for it. This word usually follows can, could, or be able to.

I can’t afford to go on vacation; I don’t earn enough money.

apartment departamento noun [count] /əˈpɑrtmənt/ a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a large building

I moved into a small apartment as soon as I had enough money to pay the rent.

appointment cita noun [count] /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ an arrangement to see someone at a particular time, especially for a business meeting or to get a professional service

Do I need to make an appointment or can I just turn up?

big grande adjective /bɪɡ/ large in degree or having a strong effect

The concerts have been a big success.

blood pressure presión sanguínea noun [noncount]

/blʌd ˈpreʃər/ the pressure at which blood flows from your heart around your body. Blood pressure that is either very high or very low can be dangerous to your health.

He has a heart problem and takes pills to control his blood pressure.

blue azul adjective /blu/ something that is blue is the same color as the sky on a clear, sunny day.

What a beautiful, blue sky!

blurred borroso adjective /blɜrd/ difficult to see clearly, or causing difficulty in seeing something clearly

Without my glasses, everything is blurred!

brainstem tronco cerebral noun [count] /ˈbreɪnˌstem/ the part of the brain above the spinal cord, between the left and right halves of the brain

The human brainstem controls functions such as heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

brand new nuevo adjective /brænd nu/ extremely new The teaching course was the start of a brand new career!


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break romper verb /breɪk/ if something breaks or if you break it, it separates into two or more pieces when it is hit, dropped, etc.

Have you ever broken a bone?

breathing respiración noun [noncount]

/ˈbriðɪŋ/ the process of taking air into the body and letting it out again

If she has trouble breathing, she needs to use an inhaler.

burn quemar verb /bɜrn/ to injure someone or a part of your body with something hot

Don’t burn yourself on that pot; the water just boiled.

cerebellum cerebelo noun [count] /ˌserəˈbeləm/ the part of your brain that is responsible for your balance and movement

The cerebellum is positioned at the back of the human brain.

cerebral cortex corteza cerebral noun [count] /ˈserəbrəl ˈkɔrˌteks/

the outer layer of the cerebrum (=the front part of your brain)

The cerebral cortex controls human emotion and receives information from our sense organs.

chest infection infección respiratoria

noun [count] /tʃest ɪnˈfekʃ(ə)n/ a disease or other medical condition affecting your chest that is caused by bacteria, or by a virus or a parasite

If you have difficulty breathing, you may have a chest infection.

cold resfriado noun [count] /koʊld/ a minor illness that blocks your nose and makes you cough

I’m not really sick; I just have a cold.

common común adjective /ˈkɑmən/ happening frequently, or existing in large amounts or numbers

The most common symptoms are a high temperature and sore throat.

cooking cocina noun [noncount]

/ˈkʊkɪŋ/ the process of preparing and heating food so that it is ready to eat

I miss my mom’s delicious cooking. I can only make pasta and baked potatoes!

cough tos noun [count] /kɑf/ to force air up through your throat with a sudden noise, especially when you have a cold, or when you want to get someone’s attention

She has a bad cough which keeps her up at night.

crowded abarrotado adjective /ˈkraʊdəd/ containing a lot of people, especially too many

The trains are very crowded at rush hour.

cut cortar verb /kʌt/ to injure a part of your body with something sharp that pierces the skin

She cut her finger on a knife in the kitchen.

diagram diagrama noun [count] /ˈdaɪəˌɡræm/ a drawing that explains something

If you don’t understand the process, look at the diagram in your book.

dizzy mareado adjective /ˈdɪzi/ feeling that the things around you are spinning and that you are going to fall

If you feel dizzy, you should sit down and close your eyes.


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doctor doctor noun [count] /ˈdɑktər/ someone whose job is to treat people who are sick or injured. When written as a title, the abbreviation of doctor is Dr. A doctor who performs medical operations is called a surgeon.

I have an appointment with a doctor because I don’t feel well.

doctor’s office consultorio noun [count] /ˈdɑktərz ˈɔfɪs/ a place where people can visit a doctor

I have worked as a receptionist at a doctor’s office for a year.

ear oreja noun [count] /ɪr/ one of the two parts on the sides of your head that you hear with

Elephants have very large ears.

eye ojo noun [count] /aɪ/ one of the two parts of your face that you use for seeing

Close your eyes. It’s a surprise.

feel sick sentirse enfermo verb /fil sɪk/ to feel that food that you have eaten is going to come out of your stomach through your mouth

She feels sick because she ate so much candy.

finger dedo noun [count] /ˈfɪŋɡər/ one of the four long, thin parts on the end of your hands

It’s rude to point your finger at people.

flu gripa noun [noncount]

/flu/ a very common infectious disease that lasts for a short time and makes you feel weak and tired

I had the flu last winter and stayed in bed for a week!

food poisoning intoxicación por alimentos

noun [noncount]

/fudˈpɔɪz(ə)nɪŋ/ an illness caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria

If you don’t cook chicken properly, you can get food poisoning.

green verde adjective /ɡrin/ something that is green is the same color as fresh grass

The new shoots were green and healthy.

group grupo noun [count] /ɡrup/ one of the sets that a large number of people or things is divided into

Divide the class into groups of four.

have a temperature

tener temperatura verb /hæv ə ˈtemp(ə)rəˌtʃʊr/

to have a temperature that is higher than normal, which means that you have a fever

She’s had a temperature of 104 degrees for two days.

hay fever alergia al polen noun [noncount]

/heɪ ˈfivər/ a medical condition caused by pollen (=powder produced by flowers) that affects your nose and eyes as if you had a bad cold

I get hay fever in the spring when the pollen count is high.

house casa noun [count] /haʊs/ a building for living in, usually where only one family lives

Our house has three floors and four bedrooms.


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house call visita a domicilio noun [count] /haʊs kɔl/ a visit from a doctor at your home when you are too sick to go to the doctors office

My grandma was too sick to go to the doctor’s office, so we asked for a house call.

hurt lastimar verb /hɜrt/ to cause physical pain or injury

He hurt his knee when he fell off his bicycle.

hypothalamus hipotálamo noun [count] /ˌhaɪpoʊˈθæləməs/ a small area on the lower part of your brain that controls your heartbeat and body temperature, and also affects your pituitary gland

The hypothalamus controls human body fuctions such as temperature and behavior.

indigo índigo adjective /ˈɪndɪɡoʊ/ a color that is between dark blue and purple

The evening sky was a very beautiful shade of indigo.

injury herida noun [count] /ˈɪndʒəri/ physical damage done to a person or a part of their body

He had some minor injuries after the accident.

itchy con comezón adjective /ˈɪtʃi/ if you feel itchy, you want to scratch your skin

My scalp is really itchy after using that new shampoo.

layer capa noun [count] /ˈleɪr/ an amount or sheet of a substance that covers a surface or that lies between two things or two other substances

There was a thin layer of ice on the sidewalk.

letter letra noun [count] /ˈletər/ a written symbol that is used to represent a sound used in speech

There are five letters in my name: S-A-R-A-H.

migraine migraña noun [count] /ˈmaɪˌɡreɪn/ a very severe headache

It’s not just a headache; it’s a bad migraine.

muscle músculo noun [count] /ˈmʌs(ə)l/ a piece of flesh that connects bones and moves a particular part of your body

These exercises are good for your stomach muscles.

my own place mi propia casa phrase /maɪ oʊn pleɪs/ your own house or apartment

I want to move out of my parents’ house and get my own place.

orange anaranjado adjective /ˈɔrəndʒ/ a color that is between red and yellow

The sun looks orange when it is setting.

organ órgano noun [count] /ˈɔrɡən/ a part of your body that does a specific job, such as your heart or brain. Your vital organs are the organs that you cannot live without.

The Health Service has a register of potential organ donors.

pull a muscle tener un tirón verb /pʊl ə mʌs(ə)l/ to injure a muscle by stretching it too much

I pulled a muscle in my leg so I can’t run for a week.

red rojo adjective /red/ something that is red is the same color as blood

She was wearing bright red lipstick.

regret arrepentimiento noun /rɪˈɡret/ a feeling of sadness about something that you wish you had not said or done, or you wish you had done

I don’t have any regrets about leaving the army. I am very happy with civilian life.


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regret arrepentirse verb [count] /rɪˈɡret/ to feel sorry or sad about something that you have said, or done, or not done

I regret not passing my driving test. It is very inconvenient not being able to drive.

remove quitar verb /rɪˈmuv/ to take something or someone away from a place

It is more painful to have a tattoo removed than to have one done.

rent renta noun [noncount]

/rent/ an amount of money that you pay regularly for using a house, room, office, etc. that belongs to someone else

I have to pay the rent for my apartment every month.

run gotear verb /rʌn/ if someone’s nose is running, it has mucous coming out of it

My nose is running. Do you have a tissue?

small pequeño adjective /smɔl/ not very important or difficult

Could you do me a small favor?

sneeze estornudar verb /sniz/ to loudly blow air out of your nose in a sudden, uncontrolled way

Please cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief when you sneeze!

sore adolorido adjective /sɔr/ painful and uncomfortable, usually as a result of an injury, infection, or too much exercise

My throat is so sore I can’t swallow anything.

sprain hacerse un esguince

verb /spreɪn/ to injure a joint such as your wrist by suddenly turning it too much

I’m wearing a bandage on my ankle because I sprained it.

swallow tragar verb /ˈswɑloʊ/ to make food or drink go down your throat and into your stomach

You aren’t supposed to swallow the mouthwash; you spit it out!

symptom síntoma noun [count] /ˈsɪmptəm/ a sign that someone is sick

I think you have the flu. You have all the common symptoms.

tattoo tatuar verb /tæˈtu/ to draw a tattoo on someone’s body

She had a rose and his name tattooed on her shoulder.

tattoo tatuaje noun [count] /tæˈtu/ a permanent picture that is drawn on a part of your body by putting ink into your skin with a needle

David Beckham has a lot of tattoos all over his body.

throat garganta noun [count] /θroʊt/ the area at the back of your mouth and inside your neck

My throat is so sore I can’t swallow anything.

tool herramienta noun [count] /tul/ something that you use in order to perform a job or to achieve an aim

Speech is a tool of communication.

urgent care clinic

clínica de urgencias noun [count] /ˈɜrdʒənt ker ˈklɪnɪk/

a building where doctors and medical workers treat injuries and emergencies

The college has an urgent care clinic to deal with accidents on campus.


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violet violeta adjective /ˈvaɪələt/ a blue-purple color The final color on the inside of a rainbow is violet.

vision visión noun [noncount]

/ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ the ability to see My vision is blurry. I can’t see anything clearly.

vomit vomitar verb /ˈvɑmɪt/ if you vomit, food comes up from your stomach and out through your mouth because you are sick

If you feel sick and think you will vomit, please go to the bathroom.

yellow amarillo adjective /ˈjeloʊ/ something that is yellow is the same color as the middle of an egg

Most of the daffodils are yellow, but some are white.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT TeN


academic académico adjective /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ good at learning things by studying

He is bright, but he’s not particularly academic, so he doesn’t do as well on exams as some other students.

act actuar verb /ækt/ to perform in plays or movies

I can sing and dance, but I can’t act.

add up to sumar en total phrasal verb /æd ʌp tu/ to combine to produce a particular result or effect

It all added up to a great night out!

admission charge

cargo de admisión noun [count] /ədˈmɪʃ(ə)n tʃɑrdʒ/

an amount of money that you have to pay when you enter a place or an organized event

The admission charge has gone up by $5.

argue sostener verb /ˈɑrˌɡju/ to give reasons why you believe that something is right or true

Successful economies, she argues, are those with the lowest taxes.

atmosphere atmósfera noun [noncount]

/ˈætməˌsfɪr/ the mood or feeling that exists in a place and affects the people who are there

After Joe left, there was a more relaxed atmosphere at home.

audience público noun [noncount]

/ˈɔdiəns/ the people who watch or listen to a performance

The audience applauded at the end of the play.

ballet ballet noun [noncount]

/ˈbæˌleɪ/ a type of complicated dancing that is used for telling a story and is performed in a theater

His dream had been to study ballet at the Royal Ballet School.

broadcast transmitir verb /ˈbrɔdˌkæst/ to send out messages or shows to be received by radios or TVs

In the U.K., some live theater performances are broadcast in local movie theaters.

camera cámara noun [count] /ˈkæm(ə)rə/ a piece of equipment used for making TV shows, movies, or videos

Look at the camera when you say your lines.

ceremony ceremonia noun [count] /ˈserəˌmoʊni/ a formal public event with special traditions, actions, or words

There were many famous actors at the awards ceremony.

cheer animar verb /tʃɪr/ to give a loud shout of happiness or approval

When the band came on stage, everyone cheered.

clap aplaudir verb /klæp/ to hit your hands together many times to show that you liked something or admire someone

The children clapped at the end of the show.


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classical clásico adjective /ˈklæsɪk(ə)l/ relating to classical music

We perform both modern and classical music.

close-up close-up noun [count] /kloʊz ʌp/ a picture or video of someone or something taken from a position very near them

In the movie there were a lot of close-ups to show the emotion on the actors’ faces.

colorful colorido adjective /ˈkʌlərf(ə)l/ something that is colorful, has bright colors, or a lot of different colors

The costumes weren’t very colorful; all the actors wore black or gray.

communication skills

habilidades comunicativas

noun [noncount]

/kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n skɪlz//

the process of giving information, or of making emotions or ideas known to someone

This job involves dealing with a lot ofpeople, so you need good communication skills.

costume disfraz noun [count] /ˈkɑsˌtum/ clothes that the actors wear in a play or movie

I have to wear a lion costume in the play.

crowd multitud noun [count] /kraʊd/ a large number of people in the same place

The boys disappeared into the crowd.

decoration decoración noun [noncount]

/ˌdekəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ the activity of decorating a room

The decorations for the birthday party made the room look colorful and bright.

director director noun [count] /dɪˈrektər/ someone whose job is to tell the actors and technical staff who are involved in a movie, play, or show what to do

My favorite movie director is Tarantino.

dramatic dramático adjective /drəˈmætɪk/ exciting and impressive

The fight scenes were very dramatic!

event evento noun [count] /ɪˈvent/ an organized occasion such as a party or sports competition

The concert is an annual event.

furniture muebles noun [noncount]

/ˈfɜrnɪtʃər/ the chairs, tables, beds, dressers, etc. that you put in a room or house so that you can live in it

I can’t afford to buy much furniture. I only have a table, a bed, and two chairs.

future futuro noun [noncount]

/ˈfjutʃər/ the time that follows the present time

We have to plan now for the future.

high alto adjective /haɪ/ large in amount I can’t afford to buy an apartment, because the prices are so high!

interactive interactivo adjective /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ an interactive computer program, video, etc. reacts to the information and instructions that you give it

This new TV has some interactive features.

live en vivo adjective /laɪv/ a live performance is given before an audience

We found a bar that has live music on Friday nights.


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local local adjective /ˈloʊk(ə)l/ in, or related to the area that you live in, or to the particular area that you are talking about

Our local theater doesn’t show any arty movies; we have to go into the city to see those.

nominate nominar verb /ˈnɑmɪˌneɪt/ to officially suggest that someone should be given a job, or that someone or something should receive a prize

He was nominated for three awards, but didn’t win any.

on-demand a pedido adjective /ɑn dɪˈmænd/ whenever people want it

On-demand TV means you can watch your favorite shows at a time that suits you.

on stage en escena phrase /ɑnˌsteɪdʒ/ on the stage or a theater or arena

The band didn’t come on stage until 10 p.m.!

opera ópera noun [count] /ˈɑp(ə)rə/ a type of play performed by singers and an orchestra

I prefer plays to operas because I don’t enjoy the singing.

opera house ópera noun [count] /ˈɑp(ə)rə haʊs/ a theater where operas are performed

This opera house has a stunning ceiling.

Oscar Oscar noun [count] /ˈɑskər/ an informal name for an Academy Award

He won an Oscar for his performance in the movie.

patience paciencia noun [noncount]

/ˈpeɪʃəns/ the ability to remain calm and not get angry, especially when something is annoying or takes too long

I couldn’t be a teacher because I don’t have the patience to work with small children.

performance actuación, interpretación

noun [count] /pəˈfɔrməns/ the act of performing a play, dance, or other form of entertainment

The first performance of the opera was in 1936.

play obra de teatro noun [count] /pleɪ/ a piece of writing that is intended to be performed by actors in a theater or on TV or the radio

I have read all of Shakespeare’s plays.

plenty mucho pronoun /ˈplenti/ a large amount of something, or a large number of things or people, usually more than enough

Josie will pay for us because she has plenty of money.

present presente adjective /ˈprezənt/ existing or happening now

The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.

role papel noun [count] /roʊl/ the character played by a particular actor in a movie, play, etc.

He has the leading role in the movie.

room habitación noun [count] /rum/ a part of a building with a floor, walls, and a ceiling

Our apartment only has four rooms, but it is big enough for us.

row fila noun [count] /roʊ/ a line of seats in a theater or movie theater

I couldn’t see very well because I was in the back row.


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scene escena noun [count] /sin/ a part of a play, book, movie, etc. in which events happen in the same place or period of time

I liked the scene when the hero rescued the woman from the fire.

scenery escenografía noun [noncount]

/ˈsin(ə)ri/ the furniture and painted background on a theater stage

The scenery fell down during the play, but none of the actors was hurt.

score partitura noun [count] /skɔr/ a written copy of a piece of music

The complete musical scores of Strauss are in the library.

screenplay guión noun [count] /ˈskrinˌpleɪ/ a story someone writes for a movie

The screenplay was an adaptation of a novel by Dickens.

seat asiento noun [count] /sit/ a seat as a passenger on a plane, bus, etc. or as a member of the audience in a theater, which you pay for in order to use

Our seats are numbered J8 and J9.

sense of humor sentido del humor noun [noncount]

/sens əv ˈhjumər/ the ability to laugh at things and recognize when they are funny

Lynne is a friendly person with a great sense of humor.

show espectáculo noun [count] /ʃoʊ/ a performance, especially in a theater

She had tickets to see the new show at the Globe Theater.

sit sentarse verb /sɪt/ to be in a position in which the lower part of your body rests on a seat or on the ground, while the upper part of your body is upright

I want to sit in the front row so I can see everything.

special effect efecto especial noun [count] /ˈspeʃ(ə)l ɪˈfekt/ an unusual image or sound in a movie, created artificially using various technical methods

The special effects in the movie are amazing!

sporting event evento deportivo noun [count] /ˈspɔrtɪŋ ɪˈvent/ a game in which players or teams compete against each other in a sport

David goes to a lot of sporting events, but he likes soccer the best.

stand estar de pie verb /stænd/ to have your body in an upright position, supported by your feet

The train was full and we had to stand all the way to Boston.

strength fortaleza noun [count] /streŋθ/ something that someone does very well

To form an effective team, you need to know everyone’s strengths and weaknesses.

supporting actress

actriz de reparto noun [count] /səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈæktrəs/

used about a part in a play or movie that is important, but is not the main part

She won the award for best supporting actress.

take off tomar vuelo phrasal verb /teɪk ɑf/ to become successful or popular very fast

Her business has really taken off. She’s doing really well.


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team player jugador en equipo noun [count] /tim ˈpleɪər/ someone who works well with other people as part of a group

Phil is a great team player.

tour recorrido noun [count] /tʊr/ a short trip around a building or place in order to see what is there

We had a tour of the building before we began work.

twice dos veces adverb /twaɪs/ two times He was nominated for best director twice, but didn’t win either time.

venue lugar noun [count] /ˈvenˌju/ the place where an activity or event happens

What’s your favorite venue for seeing a live band?

viewpoint punto de vista noun [count] /ˈvjuˌpɔɪnt/ a place where you can see or watch something

The cameras filmed the story from different viewpoints.

war guerra noun [count] /wɔr/ fighting between two or more countries that involves the use of armed forces and usually continues for a long time

I think the war scenes in the movie are very powerful.

weakness debilidad noun [count] /ˈwiknəs/ a fault or problem that makes someone or something less effective or attractive

They listed the strengths and weaknesses of their product.

winner ganador noun [count] /ˈwɪnə(r)/ someone who wins a race, competition, or prize

She was the youngest ever winner of the award.

wonderful maravilloso adjective /ˈwʌndərfəl/ extremely good I’ve had a wonderful evening. Thank you for taking me to see the show.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT eleveN


absence ausencia noun [count] /ˈæbsəns/ a period of time when someone is not where they should be, or where they usually are

Most staff absences are caused by back problems.

axis eje noun [count] /ˈæksɪs/ one of the two fixed lines that are used for showing measurements on a graph

On the x-axis, we can see the percentage of people who live in apartments.

bar graph gráfica de barras noun [count] /bɑr ɡræf/ a graph that represents different amounts or values as thick lines of different lengths

The bar graph showed that more men played computer games than women.

be considerate ser considerado verb phrase /bi kənˈsɪdərət/ to think about the feelings and needs of other people

Please be considerate when you leave the party and don’t wake our neighbors!

brat niño mimado noun [count] /bræt/ an annoying child who behaves badly

I don’t like his young daughter. She behaves like a spoiled brat!

break a promise

romper una promesa

verb phrase /breɪk ə ˈprɑmɪs/ to not do something you agreed to do

It was so disappointing when she broke her promise.

break a rule romper una regla verb phrase /breɪk ə rul/ to fail to obey a statement explaining what someone can or cannot do in a particular system, game, or situation

Students who break these rules will be punished.

budget presupuesto noun [count] /ˈbʌdʒət/ the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on something

We only have a small budget for the movie, so we have to shoot it here in Florida.

building material

material de construcción

noun [count] /ˈbɪldɪŋ məˈtɪriəl/ a substance used for the purpose of building something

Brick was used as the main building material for local houses.

camp campamento noun [count/noncount]

/kæmp/ a place with tents or other shelters where children go on vacation

We arrange a school camp every year.

cheat hacer trampa verb /tʃit/ to behave dishonestly in order to do well on an examination

She cheated on her math exam by copying the person next

damage dañar verb /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ to harm something physically so that it is broken, spoiled, or injured

When I received the goods they were damaged, so I sent them back.


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desperate desesperado adjective /ˈdesp(ə)rət/ very upset and willing to do anything because you are in a bad situation

The missing man’s family is getting increasingly desperate.

discipline disciplina noun [noncount]

/ˈdɪsəplɪn/ practice of making people obey rules, and punishing them if they do not

He believes in strict discipline.

drop dejar caer verb /drɑp/ to let something fall If you drop any trash, please pick it up.

economist economista noun [count] /ɪˈkɑnəmɪst/ an expert in economics, especially one who advises a government department, business, or organization

He’s an economist in the government.

evade evadir verb /ɪˈveɪd/ to avoid accepting or dealing with something that you should do

He evades taxes by spending time living abroad.

face enfrentar verb /feɪs/ to accept that a bad situation exists, and try to deal with it

The new government is facing a number of challenges.

fare pasaje noun [count] /fer/ the money that you pay for a trip

Train fares have increased by 10%.

fare evading evasión de pasaje noun [noncount]

/fer ɪˈveɪdɪŋ/ to avoid paying money for a trip (usually on public transportation)

He got fined $50 for fare evading.

fiancé prometido noun [count] /ˌfiɑnˈseɪ/ your fiancé is the man you are engaged to and are going to get married to

He’s not my boyfriend; he’s my fiancé!

grade calificación noun [count] /ɡreɪd/ a score in the form of a number, percentage, or letter that a teacher gives a student’s work

You’ll get a high grade on the test if you know the chemical formula.

graffiti graffiti noun [noncount]

/ɡrəˈfiti/ words or pictures drawn on walls in public places

There is a lot of graffiti on the subway.

graph gráfica noun [count] /ɡræf/ a picture that uses lines or curves to show the relationship between numbers or measurements that change

Plot the results of the experiment on a graph.

have enough of tener suficiente de phrase /hæv ɪˈnʌf əv/ used for saying that you do not want to experience any more of something because it is annoying or boring

I’ve had enough of your rudeness; I’m leaving!

hurt (someone’s) feelings

herir los sentimientos (de alguien)

phrase /hɜrt ˈfilɪŋz/ to upset someone The things he said about me really hurt my feelings.

illegally ilegalmente adverb /ɪˈliɡ(ə)li/ not allowed to by the law

Parking illegally is a common offense here because there isn’t a parking lot.


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income ingreso noun [noncount]

/ˈɪnˌkʌm/ money that someone gets from working or from investing money

Most of the people in this small town rely on farming for income.

lend prestar verb /lend/ to give someone something for a short time, expecting that they will give it back to you later. If you lend someone something, they borrow it from you.

Can you lend me a pen? Mine has run out.

litter basura noun [noncount]

/ˈlɪtər/ things such as pieces of paper that people have dropped on the ground in a public place, making it dirty

Please take your litter home with you after a day on the beach.

litter tirar basura verb /ˈlɪtər/ to leave trash in a place

Parents should teach their children not to litter.

meaning significado noun [count] /ˈminɪŋ/ the thing, action, feeling, idea, etc. that a word or words represent

All of these words have the same meaning.

measure medida noun [count] /ˈmeʒər/ an action that is intended to achieve or deal with something

Stronger measures will have to be taken to bring down unemployment.

messy desordenado adjective /ˈmesi/ very unclean or dirty Sally is a messy person; her desk is always a mess and so is her room!

natural natural adjective /ˈnætʃ(ə)rəl/ existing in nature and not produced or caused by people

This forest is an area of great natural beauty.

offense delito noun [count] /əˈfens/ a crime or illegal activity for which there is a punishment

It wasn’t his first serious offense, so he was sent to prison.

overall total adjective /ˌoʊvərˈɔl/ considering something as a whole, rather than its details or the different aspects of it

At the end of the game, the overall scores were the same.

parking estacionamiento noun [noncount]

/ˈpɑrkɪŋ/ the process of putting a vehicle into a place and leaving it there

I am really bad at parking. I need a really big space!

part parte noun [count] /pɑrt/ one of the pieces, sections, aspects, etc. that something consists of

Her lack of punctuality is only part of the problem.

poem poema noun [count] /ˈpoʊəm/ a piece of writing using beautiful or unusual language arranged in fixed lines that have a particular beat and often rhyme

I prefer reading poems to novels because they’re shorter!

poetry poesía noun [noncount]

/ˈpoʊətri/ poems He bought me a book of Auden’s poetry for my birthday.


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prevent prevenir verb /prɪˈvent/ to stop something from happening

We have to spend more money preventing crime in the area.

private life vida privada noun [count] /ˈpraɪvət laɪf/ separate from and not related to your work or official position

Do you think we should know about the private lives of politicians?

problem problema noun [count] /ˈprɑbləm/ experiencing a lot of difficulties in life or causing difficulties for other people

He has always been a problem child. He has been in trouble with the police since the age of nine.

property propiedad noun [noncount]

/ˈprɑpərti/ land and the buildings on it

He vandalized public property throughout the town.

public público adjective /ˈpʌblɪk/ available for people in general to use

You cannot smoke in any public places.

punish castigar verb /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ to do something unpleasant to someone because they have done something bad or illegal

He was punished for stealing.

ranch finca, rancho noun [count] /ræntʃ/ a very large farm in the western U.S. or Canada, where cows, horses, or sheep are kept

I lived on a ranch for a year and rode horses.

reality show reality show noun [count] /riˈæləti ʃoʊ/ a TV program that does not use professional actors, but shows real events and situations involving ordinary people

Big Brother is my favorite reality show.

redesign rediseñar verb /ridɪˈzaɪn/ design something again

The boss doesn’t like the logo so we have to redesign it.

respect respeto noun [noncount]

/rɪˈspekt/ a feeling of admiration that you have for someone because of their personal qualities, their achievements, or their status, and that you show by treating them in a polite and kind way

She has worked hard to gain the respect of her colleagues.

reward recompensa noun [count] /rɪˈwɔrd/ something good that happens or that you receive because of something that you have done

Working hard as part of a team brings great rewards.

rule regla noun [count] /rul/ a statement explaining what someone can or cannot do in a particular system, game, or situation

There are a lot of rules, but most are for our safety.


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scan leer rápidamente verb /skæn/ to read something very quickly, in order to get a general idea of its meaning or to find particular information

Scan the article for the main points.

security guard guardia de seguridad

noun [count] /sɪˈkjʊrəti ɡɑrd/ someone whose job is to guard something

There are two security guards at the entrance of the bank.

serious serio adjective /ˈsɪriəs/ bad or dangerous enough to make you worried

Fraud is a serious offense which carries a prison sentence.

shoplifting robo (en tiendas) noun [noncount]

/ˈʃɑpˌlɪftɪŋ/ the crime of stealing things from a store

He was caught shoplifting in an electronics store.

side-by-side uno al lado del otro phrase /saɪd baɪ saɪd/ used for talking about two or more groups that live or work next to each other although they are very different

They worked side-by-side with the local people.

speeding exceso de velocidad

noun [noncount]

/ˈspidɪŋ/ the offense of driving faster than the speed that is allowed in a particular area

I was caught speeding. I was driving at 36 kph in a 30 kph area.

spray aplicar con atomizador, rociar

verb /spreɪ/ if you spray a liquid, or if it sprays, it is forced out of a container through a small hole into the air

He sprayed his name on the wall with a can of spray paint.

spread gossip esparcir un rumor verb /spred ˈɡɑsɪp/ to tell lots of people some information about someone, usually relating to their private life

It’s mean to spread gossip about people. Their lives are none of your business.

stock existencias noun [noncount]

/stɑk/ the goods that are available to buy in a store

We’re having some new stock delivered this afternoon.

take responsibility for

hacerse responsable de

phrase /teɪk rɪˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər/

to accept as your job, duty, or task

You have to take responsibility for your own actions. I can’t always get you out of trouble.

task tarea noun [count] /tæsk/ something that you have to do, often something that is difficult or unpleasant

Our first task is to apologize to the customers about the problem.

teenager adolescente noun [count] /ˈtinˌeɪdʒər/ a young person between the ages of 13 and 19

I hated being a teenager. I am much happier now that I am in my 20s.

tell a lie decir una mentira verb /tel ə laɪ/ to say something that is not true

Don’t tell lies. I always want to know the truth, even if it’s bad.


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theft robo noun [noncount]

/θeft/ the crime of stealing Employee theft is on the increase, so we have installed security cameras throughout the company.

think twice pensarlo dos veces phrase /θɪŋk twaɪs/ to carefully consider whether what you are planning to do is a good idea

Think twice before you start smoking; it’s unhealthy and expensive.

throw out echar, expulsar phrasal verb /θroʊ aʊt/ to force someone to leave a place or group

He was thrown out of the apartment for not paying the rent.

treat tratar verb /trit/ to behave toward someone in a particular way

Looking back, I should have treated my teachers with more respect.

trouble problema noun [noncount]

/ˈtrʌb(ə)l/ fighting, violence, or bad behavior

Teenagers cause a lot of trouble downtown on the weekends.

trust confianza noun [noncount]

/trʌst/ a feeling of confidence in someone that shows you believe they are honest, fair, and reliable

You have to earn the trust of your colleagues.

vandalize destrozar verb /ˈvænd(ə)lˌaɪz/ deliberately damaging or destroying buildings or things

My car has been vandalized again.


openMindLEVEL 3 WORD LISTUNIT Twelve


a few poco determiner/pronoun

/ə fju/ some, but not many I only work for a few hours a week.

a good listener sabe escuchar phrase /ə ɡʊdˈlɪs(ə)nər/ someone who listens carefully and sympathetically to other people

Hannah is a really good listener and is very nice, too.

abbreviation abreviatura noun [count] /əˌbriviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ a short form of a word or phrase

MIA is an abbreviation for “missing in action.”

accommodation hospedaje noun [noncount]

/əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ a place for someone to stay, live, or work in

The hostel provides accommodation for up to 25 people.

active activo adjective /ˈæktɪv/ someone who is active does a lot of different activities, and has a lot of energy and interests

People are remaining active later in life.

ambitious ambicioso adjective /æmˈbɪʃəs/ determined to be successful, rich, famous, etc.

Her parents are very ambitious for her. They want her to succeed in everything.

applicant aspirante noun [count] /ˈæplɪkənt/ someone who applies for something, such as a job or a loan of money

There are nine applicants for each spot at this college.

application form

solicitud noun [count] /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n fɔrm/

a printed list of questions that you answer in order to try to get a job, borrow money, get into college, etc.

To apply for the job, you have to fill out the online application form.

apply (for a job) solicitar (un trabajo) phrase /əˈplaɪ/ to make a formal request to do work that you are paid money for

I’ve applied for several jobs without success.

army ejército noun [count] /ˈɑrmi/ a large organization of soldiers who are trained to fight wars on land. Together with a country’s navy and air force, the army makes up the armed forces.

After graduation, he joined the army.

background origen noun [count] /ˈbækˌɡraʊnd/ the type of family, social position, or culture that someone comes from

We work with children from a range of educational backgrounds.

be unemployed estar desempleado verb phrase /biˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ to not have a job About 8.4 million people are unemployed in the United States today.


openMind


boutique boutique noun [count] /buˈtik/ a small fashionable store, especially one that sells clothes

We only sell designer clothes in this boutique.

broad amplio adjective /brɔd/ including many different things or people

We have a broad range of products to choose from.

call back devolver la llamada verb /kɔl bæk/ to telephone someone again, or to telephone someone who called you earlier

Mr. Green called while you were out. Can you call him back?

caretaker cuidador noun [count] /ˈkerˌteɪkər/ someone whose job is to take care of a house or land

I got a job as a caretaker on a huge country estate.

catch up ponerse al día phrasal verb /kætʃ ʌp/ to do something that you have not done enough of before

I missed the class so I have to catch up with all the work.

combine combinar verb /kəmˈbaɪn/ if two or more organizations or groups combine, or if someone combines them, they join together

Our team combined with another team in the area.

company compañía noun [noncount]

/ˈkʌmpəni/ the activity of being with other people

Do you want some company tonight? I could come over after work.

copy in copiar verb /ˈkɑpi ɪn/ to send someone a copy of an email or letter that you are sending to another person

When you reply to Pete’s email, can you copy me in? I need to know what is going on.

currently actualmente adverb /ˈkʌrənt(ə)li/ at the present time She currently works in a clothing store, but she wants to be a fashion designer.

customer cliente noun [count] /ˈkʌstəmər/ a person or company that buys goods or services

Discounts are available for our regular customers.

designer de diseñador adjective /dɪˈzaɪnər/ designer clothes are made by a famous designer and are usually expensive and fashionable

She spends all her money on designer shoes and handbags.

desire desear verb /dɪˈzaɪr/ to want something Money and success are things many of us desire.

excellent excelente adjective /ˈeksələnt/ extremely good Bloodhounds have an excellent sense of smell.

experienced con experiencia adjective /ɪkˈspɪriənst/ someone who is experienced has skill at something because they have done it a lot

She’s a very experienced teacher. She’s taught all over the world.

fall behind quedarse atrás verb /fɔl bɪˈhaɪnd/ to make less progress or be less successful than other people who are doing a similar job or activity

He fell behind in his studies because he was sick for a week.


openMind


free gratis adjective /fri/ something that is free does not cost anything

The salary is low, but the accommodation is free.

get along llevarse bien phrase /ɡet əˈlɔŋ/ if people get along, they like each other and are friendly to each other

She gets along with most people. She’s very easy to talk to.

hairdresser peluquero noun [count] /ˈherˌdresər/ someone whose job is to cut people’s hair

My hairdresser cuts my hair every six weeks.

have an interest in

tener interés en phrase /hæv ən ɪntrəst ɪn/

a feeling of wanting to know about or take part in something

The successful applicant will have an interest in conservation and green issues.

heading encabezado noun [count] /ˈhedɪŋ/ the title at the top of a page or piece of writing

Write the correct information below each heading.

high-end alto nivel adjective /haɪ end/ high-end goods and services are more expensive and more advanced than other similar goods and services

She is only interested in high-end fashion.

industry industria noun [count] /ˈɪndəstri/ a particular industry, trade, or service and the people who work in it

The fashion industry is very difficult to get into.

inform informar verb /ɪnˈfɔrm/ to officially tell someone something or to give them information about something

We will inform you in writing if your application has been successful.

in shape en forma adjective /ɪn ʃeɪp/ healthy, strong, and able to do physical exercise without getting very tired

You have to be in shape to work on a farm because there is a lot of physical work.

island isla noun [count] /ˈaɪlənd/ a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water

Madagascar is an island in the Indian Ocean.

join in unirse phrase /dʒɔɪn ɪn/ to do an activity with people who are already doing it

Can I join in with the presentation? I have some data to share with everyone.

keep an eye on echarle un ojo a phrase /kip ən aɪ ɑn/ to take care of someone or something

Please keep an eye on my house while we’re away.

lonely solo adjective /ˈloʊnli/ unhappy because you are alone or because you have no friends

Don’t you get lonely living in an apartment on your own?

look into investigar phrasal verb /lʊk ɪntə/ to try to discover the facts about something such as a problem or a crime

I’m not sure what went wrong, but I will look into it and call you back.


openMind


match corresponder a verb /mætʃ/ if one thing matches another, or if they match, they are the same or have similar qualities

Your lipstick matches your dress; it’s the perfect shade of pink!

outline esbozo noun [count] /ˈaʊtˌlaɪn/ a list that shows the main ideas and the structure of something that you are planning to write

Use this outline to write a formal letter.

part-time medio tiempo adjective /pɑrt taɪm/ done for only part of the time that an activity is usually performed

I have a part-time job at the movie theater. I work for three hours every evening.

personal statement

declaración personal

noun [count] /ˈpɜrsən(ə)l steɪtmənt/

a piece of writing giving reasons why you want a job or place on a course

Please send a personal statement, explaining why you want to study at this college.

pick up recoger phrasal verb /pɪk ʌp/ to lift someone or something up from a surface

Can you pick up my coat? It fell on the floor.

proven comprobado adjective /ˈpruv(ə)n/ shown to be true, real, or effective

The successful candidate will have a proven track record in sales.

require necesitar verb /rɪˈkwaɪr/ to need someone or something

Working with these children requires a great deal of patience.

résumé currículum noun [count] /ˈrezuˌmeɪ/ a document giving details of your qualifications and the jobs you have had in the past that you send to someone when you are applying for a job. The British word is CV or curriculum vitae.

To apply for the job, send in your résumé and a cover letter.

salary salario noun [count] /ˈsæləri/ a fixed amount of money that you earn each month or year from your job

My annual salary is $60,000.

select seleccionar verb /sɪˈlekt/ to choose someone or something from a group

Please select two colors from the options.

symbol símbolo noun [count] /ˈsɪmb(ə)l/ a picture or shape used to represent something

The @ symbol is used in email addresses.

take notes tomar notas verb /teɪk noʊts/ to write details from something such as a lecture or a book so that you can remember them

You will learn better if you take notes while you read.

tend to tender a verb /tend tə/ to usually do a particular thing

I tend to be quiet in meetings. I don’t really like speaking in front of other people.


openMind


traveler viajero noun [count] /ˈtræv(ə)lər/ someone who is traveling or who often travels

Gina isn’t much of a traveler; she prefers being at home.

tropical tropical adjective /ˈtrɑpɪk(ə)l/ used about parts of countries that are in the tropics

I dream of living on a tropical island with palm trees and white sandy beaches.

up to date actualizado phrase /ʌp tə deɪt/ including the most recent news and information

I wrote a blog to keep everyone up to date with my travels.

welcome dar la bienvenida verb /ˈwelkəm/ to say that you are pleased to accept or consider something, such as an opportunity or a question

The company welcomes applications from all sections of the community.

well paid bien pagado phrase /wel peɪd/ if you are well paid, you are paid a lot of money

Lawyers are very well paid.

wildlife vida salvaje noun [noncount]

/ˈwaɪldˌlaɪf/ animals, birds, and plants that live in natural conditions

The wildlife in this area is protected by law.

work long hours

trabajar tiempo extra

phrase /wɜrk lɔŋ aʊrz/ if you work long hours, the period of time that you work is longer than usual

Is it dangerous for patients that junior doctors work such long hours?

OMAE Level-3 Translated Word List Spanish

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