OLDER DOMINION PARTNERSHIP 2011 Virginia … · 2011 Virginia Age Ready Indicators Benchmark ... Ed...

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OLDER DOMINION PARTNERSHIP 2011 Virginia Age Ready Indicators Benchmark

Survey Report

Embargoed until November 15, 2011

Prepared by

Southeastern Institute of Research, Inc.

ODP Statewide Report – November 2011

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OLDER DOMINION PARTNERSHIP

The Older Dominion Partnership (ODP) is a non-profit initiative by Virginia businesses, government, foundations, and non-profits to help Virginia ride the age wave – the doubling of the Commonwealth's 65+ year old population from ~900,000 today to over ~1.8 million by 2030. The ODP was created in 2007 by a cross section of community leaders including business leaders, health system executives, executive directors of non-profit organizations serving Virginia's aging population, leaders from Virginia's philanthropic community, esteemed academicians from Virginia's universities, and state government officials.

The ODP serves as an inspiration, catalyst, and independent platform for networking, collaborating, planning, and potential funding partner for ODP members. The overarching goals of the ODP are to 1) build awareness of the coming age wave and its potential impact on the Commonwealth; 2) broaden the number of stakeholders who want to prepare for this demographic shift; 3) help facilitate the creation and advancement of a community-driven, overall strategy to accelerate Virginia's age wave preparedness; 4) support ODP members through strategic coordination and possible alignment of funding sources; and 5) document and report on Virginia's progress in preparing for the age wave.

Survey advisory committee:

Ed Ansello, Ph.D., Virginia Commonwealth University

Robert Blancato, Maltz, Blancato, & Associates

Peter A. Boling, M.D., Virginia Commonwealth University

Kathleen Fletcher, R.N., M.S.N., C.S.-B.C., G.N.P., University of Virginia

Marissa Galicia-Castillo, M.D., Eastern Virginia Medical College

Christine J. Jensen, Ph.D., Center for Excellence in Aging and Geriatric Health

Gina Kavanaugh, R.N., The Center for Excellence in Aging and Geriatric Health

Jay Holdren, MHA, L-NHA, VCU Medical Center, VCU Partnership in Geriatric Education

Paula Kupstas, Ph.D., Virginia Commonwealth University

Richard Lindsay, M.D., University of Virginia

Merle Mast, Ph.D., James Madison University

Marilyn Pace Maxwell, MSW, Mountain Empire Older Citizens, Inc.

Chris Murray, Jefferson Area Board for Aging (JABA)

James Olds, Ph.D., George Mason University

Paulette Parker, Williamsburg Community Health Foundation

Karen Roberto, Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute

Bruce Robertson, Sentara Healthcare

Ken Robertson, Virginia Retirement System

Louis Rossiter, Ph.D., College of William and Mary

Gordon Walker, Jefferson Area Board for Aging

Rhonda Zingraff, Ph.D., James Madison University

Financial support provided by:

AARP-Virginia

Baptist Community Ministries

Bon Secours Virginia Health System

Danville Regional Foundation

Estate Planning Council

Genworth Foundation

HCA Virginia Health System

Home Instead Senior Care of Virginia

Network for Good

Richmond Memorial Health Foundation

The Community Foundation for Northern Virginia

The Community Foundation of Greater Richmond

United Way of Greater Richmond and Petersburg

Virginia Association of Area Agencies on Aging

Virginia Association of Counties

Virginia Association of Local Human Service Boards

Virginia Municipal League


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Table of Contents

I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

A. Background & Study Purpose ..................................................................................................... 1

B. Objectives.................................................................................................................................... 1

C. Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 2

II. Respondent Profile .......................................................................................................................... 3

III. Quality of Life ................................................................................................................................... 7

A. Individual Quality of Life ............................................................................................................. 7

B. Drivers of Individual Quality of Life ........................................................................................... 10

C. Perceived Quality of Life of Others in the Community ............................................................. 12

IV. Preparedness for the Future .......................................................................................................... 14

A. Individual Preparedness for the Future .................................................................................... 14

B. Community Preparedness for the Future ................................................................................. 16

V. Civic & Community Engagement ................................................................................................... 19

A. Volunteering ............................................................................................................................. 19

B. Availability of Recreational Activities ........................................................................................ 19

C. Socialization & Loneliness ......................................................................................................... 20

VI. Health & Well-Being....................................................................................................................... 23

A. Quality of Health ....................................................................................................................... 23

B. Dental Health ............................................................................................................................ 25

C. Nutrition & Exercise .................................................................................................................. 26

D. Healthcare Access ..................................................................................................................... 28

E. Routine/Preventative Healthcare ............................................................................................. 29

F. Medications .............................................................................................................................. 30

G. Caregiving .................................................................................................................................. 31

VII. Finances ......................................................................................................................................... 33

A. Income ...................................................................................................................................... 33

B. Assets ........................................................................................................................................ 35

C. Financial Assistance .................................................................................................................. 36

D. Financial Preparation for Retirement ....................................................................................... 37

VIII. Housing .......................................................................................................................................... 39

A. Current Home ........................................................................................................................... 39

B. Safety ........................................................................................................................................ 42

IX. Workforce ...................................................................................................................................... 43

X. Transportation & Mobility ............................................................................................................. 45

XI. Area Agency on Aging .................................................................................................................... 47

XII. Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 48


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Respondent Race ...................................................................................................................... 3

Table 2: Family Members Living with Respondent ................................................................................ 5

Table 3: Children Living with Respondent .............................................................................................. 5

Table 4: Grandchildren Living with Respondent .................................................................................... 5

Table 6: Activity Availability and Participation ..................................................................................... 20

Table 7: Activity Level & Loneliness ..................................................................................................... 22

Table 8: Quality of Health Factors ........................................................................................................ 24

Table 9: Preventative Screening Frequency ......................................................................................... 30

Table 10: Respondents Needing Assistance ......................................................................................... 32

Table 11: Feelings of Safety .................................................................................................................. 42

Table 12: Area Agencies on Aging with Highest Recognition Levels .................................................... 47


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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Respondent Education ............................................................................................................ 4

Figure 2: Respondent Marital Status ...................................................................................................... 4

Figure 3: Individual Quality of Life .......................................................................................................... 7

Figure 4: “Excellent” Perceived Quality of Life by Income Level ............................................................ 8

Figure 5: Respondent Satisfaction, Aged 50 to 64 ................................................................................. 9

Figure 6: Respondent Satisfaction, Aged 65 and Older .......................................................................... 9

Figure 7: Drivers of Individual Quality of Life for Those Aged 65 or Older .......................................... 11

Figure 8: Drivers of Individual Quality of Life for Those Aged 50 to 64 ............................................... 11

Figure 9: Perceived Quality of Life - Seniors ......................................................................................... 12

Figure 10: Perceived Quality of Life - Adults ........................................................................................ 13

Figure 11: Perceived Quality of Life - Children ..................................................................................... 13

Figure 12: Individual Preparedness for the Future............................................................................... 14

Figure 13: Individual Preparedness for Aging by Income Level ........................................................... 15

Figure 14: Drivers of Feelings of Individual Preparedness for Aging Among Those Aged 65 or Older 15

Figure 15: Drivers of Feelings of Individual Preparedness for Aging Among Those Aged 50 to 64 ..... 16

Figure 16: Community Preparedness for the Future............................................................................ 17

Figure 17: Drivers of Feelings of Community Preparedness Among Those Aged 65 or Older ............. 17

Figure 18: Major Drivers of Feelings of Community Preparedness Among Those Aged 50 to 64 ....... 18

Figure 19: Volunteering in the Community .......................................................................................... 19

Figure 20: Frequency of Socializing with Others .................................................................................. 21

Figure 21: Feelings of Loneliness .......................................................................................................... 21

Figure 22: Overall Health Rating ........................................................................................................... 23

Figure 23: Length of Time Since Last Dental Visit ................................................................................ 25

Figure 24: Reasons for Not Visiting a Dentist ....................................................................................... 25

Figure 25: Perception of Eating a Nutritious Diet ................................................................................ 26

Figure 26: Participation in Physical Activity or Exercise in Past Month ............................................... 27

Figure 27: Healthcare Coverage ........................................................................................................... 28

Figure 28: Primary Care Physician ........................................................................................................ 29

Figure 29: Length of Time Since Last Routine Checkup ........................................................................ 29

Figure 30: Medication Taken Daily ....................................................................................................... 30

Figure 31: Affordability of Medication ................................................................................................. 31

Figure 32: Providing Care to a Friend or Family Member .................................................................... 32


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Figure 33: Household Income............................................................................................................... 33

Figure 34: Income Sources ................................................................................................................... 34

Figure 35: Household Assets (Not Including Home) ............................................................................. 35

Figure 36: Perceived Need for Additional Financial Assistance ........................................................... 36

Figure 37: Public Assistance ................................................................................................................. 37

Figure 38: Preparedness for Retirement .............................................................................................. 37

Figure 39: Respondents Who Feel Very Prepared for Retirement by Income Level............................ 38

Figure 40: Housing Type ....................................................................................................................... 39

Figure 41: Home Ownership ................................................................................................................. 40

Figure 42: Housing Affordability ........................................................................................................... 41

Figure 43: Length of Time in Home ...................................................................................................... 41

Figure 44: Length of Time in the Community ....................................................................................... 42

Figure 45: Employment Status ............................................................................................................. 43

Figure 46: Workforce Re-entry ............................................................................................................. 44

Figure 47: Age Discrimination at Work ................................................................................................ 44

Figure 48: Available Transportation Options ....................................................................................... 45

Figure 49: Licensed Drivers................................................................................................................... 46

Figure 50: Availability of Transportation .............................................................................................. 46

Figure 51: Familiarity with Local Agency on Aging ............................................................................... 47


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OLDER DOMINION PARTNERSHIP

2011 VIRGINIA AGE READY INDICATORS BENCHMARK

SURVEY REPORT

I. Introduction

A. Background & Study Purpose

Currently there are about 900,000 people over the age of 65 living in Virginia and this number is forecast to double to 1.8 million by 2030. This means that approximately 20% of the population of Virginia will be over age 65 in 19 years. Very little substantive data exists today on the status of Virginia’s senior population. Relevant and meaningful information on older Virginians is neither comprehensive nor readily accessible. The last detailed statewide survey of older Virginians was the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, conducted by the Virginia Office on Aging. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of the Virginia Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) contains only two questions on caregiving to a person over age 65. The U.S. Census 2010 offers even less information. As such, in preparation for the doubling of Virginia’s senior population, the Older Dominion Partnership (ODP) has compiled the most comprehensive array of information and insights on the Commonwealth’s older residents. This includes both primary and secondary research coordinated by the ODP’s Shared Database Workgroup, led by Richard Lindsay, M.D., University of Virginia. As the primary effort of this initiative, ODP is conducting the 2011 Virginia Age Ready Indicators Benchmark Survey.

B. Objectives

The overall purpose of this research survey is to obtain baseline data on the status of Virginia’s population aged 65 and older and Older Baby Boomers, those aged 50 to 64. The survey is designed to be a periodic tracking study, repeated every three years. By including Baby Boomers in the initial benchmark, this survey provides an opportunity to track aging Baby Boomers’ transition into their senior years and monitor changes to their overall quality of life across key indicators.


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The specific objectives of this study are as follows:

Measure Virginia’s current senior population (aged 65 and older) and older Baby Boomers (aged 50 to 64) in terms of their personal state of aging and aging preparedness, as well as that of their community and employer, if applicable.

Gather data on key indicators among Virginia’s senior population and Baby Boomers that have been identified by the ODP Shared Database Work Group as having the most importance and relevance to Virginia’s age wave preparedness. These indicators include:

o Caregiving

o Civic & community engagement

o Finances

o Health & well-being

o Housing

o Transportation & mobility

o Workforce

Where possible, compare findings to the 1980 Statewide Study of Older Virginians.

Capture relevant and necessary demographic information.

C. Methodology

The main methodology of the 2011 Virginia Age Ready Indicators Benchmark Survey follows an outbound telephone approach. Five thousand outbound telephone interviews were conducted using an approximately 30-minute base questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed and approved by the ODP’s Shared Database Workgroup of aging experts. Interviews were conducted throughout July and August of 2011. The sample was based on directory listed residential addresses compiled from telephone directories with a variety of secondary source records such as birth records, voter registration, real estate transactions, multiple credit sources, motor vehicle records, etc. Completed interviews were equally divided among 25 different Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) such that there were 200 completed interviews – 100, from respondents aged 50 to 64, and 100, from respondents aged 65 or older – in each of the different AAAs. Results in this report are weighted by AAA, gender, income, and education to roughly match the overall statewide population of Virginia. Individual reports have been prepared for each of the 25 AAAs and are available in from the Older Dominion Partnership’s website.


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II. Respondent Profile

The age range of respondents is 50 to 105 years old, with an average age of 66.5. Respondents are broken down into two groups, those 50 to 64 and those 65 and older, with average ages of 57.9 and 74.8 respectively. The results in this report are weighted by AAA, gender, income, and education to roughly match the overall statewide population of Virginia based on the Census. Overall, 46% of respondents are male and 54% are female. The younger group has a slightly higher percentage of male respondents (49%) than the older group (46% male). The majority of respondents are White, Non-Hispanic. Those in the 65+ year old age group are slightly more likely to be White, Non-Hispanic. African-American is the second most common race reported among both groups.

Table 1: Respondent Race

White, Non-Hispanic 78% 81% 79%

African-American 14% 14% 14%

Asian 3% 1% 2%

Hispanic 3% 1% 2%

Other 2% 2% 2%

Native American 2% 2% 2%

50 to 64 65+ Total

Q65. Which of the following best describes your race or ethnicity? Please select all that apply. (n = 5,000)

The respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group tend to have slightly more education than those in the 65 and older age group. In the younger group, 37% of respondents completed college or hold a graduate or professional degree, as compared with 25% of those in the older group. A higher portion of respondents living in urban areas report having a graduate or professional degree regardless of age. Additionally, when looking at the younger group, a higher percentage of respondents in urban areas report they have a college degree. The respondents in this study report much higher levels of education than those in the 1980 Statewide Study of Older Virginians. In that study, only 9% of those aged 65 or older reported completing college or graduate school as compared to 25% today.


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Figure 1: Respondent Education

Q14. What is the highest level of education you have completed? (n = 5,000)

The majority of respondents report being either married or living with someone. Not surprisingly, those in the 65+ age group are much more likely to be widowed than those in the 50 to 64 age group (31% vs. 4%); however, this percentage is lower than the 41% reported in the 1980 Statewide Study of Older Virginians.

Figure 2: Respondent Marital Status

Q57. What is your current marital status? (n = 5,000)

10%

26%

6%

21%

20%

16%

22%

31%

4%

18%

13%

12%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Some high school or less

Completed high school/GED

Trade/technical school

Some college

Completed college

Graduate or professional degree

65+ 50 to 64

10%

9%

4%

77%

5%

9%

31%

56%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Single, never married

Not currently married - divorced orseparated

Not currently married - widowed

Married or living with someone

65+ 50 to 64


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Respondents who report living with another individual most frequently report living with a spouse. Living with children was the next most prevalent living situation.

Table 2: Family Members Living with Respondent

Spouse 75% 52% 63%

Children 30% 12% 21%

Grandchildren 3% 4% 4%

Siblings 3% 1% 2%

Parents 5% 1% 3%

Friends 0% 0% 0%

Other 3% 2% 2%

50 to 64 65+ Total

Q59. Other than you, who lives in your household? (n = 5,000)

In both groups, many of the respondents report they have adult children (those 18 or older) who do not live with them. A greater portion of those in the 50 to 64 year old group report adult children living at home and children under 18. This group also contains a larger number of people who do not have children.

Table 3: Children Living with Respondent

Have children 18 or older who do not live with me 56% 78% 67%

Have children 18 or older who live with me 22% 11% 16%

Have children under 18 who live with me 12% 1% 7%

Have children under 18 who do not live with me 5% 5% 5%

Do not have children 19% 9% 14%

50 to 64 65+ Total

Q60. Which of the following best describes your children? Please select all that apply. (n = 5,000)

More respondents in the 65+ group report having both grandchildren under the age of 18 and adult grandchildren. A greater portion of those in the 50 to 64 age group report they do not have grandchildren. Only a small portion of either group report they have grandchildren living with them. Of those who have grandchildren living with them, only slightly less than a quarter report having legal custody of those children.

Table 4: Grandchildren Living with Respondent

Have grandchildren under 18 who live with me 4% 3% 3%

Have grandchildren under 18 who do not live with me 42% 53% 48%

Have grandchildren 18 or older who live with me 1% 3% 2%

Have grandchildren 18 or older who do not live with me 10% 55% 33%

Do not have grandchildren 51% 17% 34%

Total65+50 to 64

Q61. Which of the following best describes your grandchildren? Please select all that apply. (n = 5,000)


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The data was also examined by five regions, using those created by the University of Virginia's Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. The five regions are the following:

Central Virginia (including Richmond)

Hampton Roads & Eastern Virginia

Northern Virginia

Southside Virginia

Valley & Southwest Virginia

Overall, there few many differences between the regions, but throughout this report we will highlight those that are important to those preparing for Virginia’s coming age wave. The following regional differences were found with regard to the respondent profile:

Respondents in the Northern Virginia region report having higher education levels (more respondents with college and graduate degrees) than those in the Southside Virginia and Valley & Southwest Virginia regions who report having lower education levels (more respondents who had not completed high school).

For the younger group (those 50 to 64), a greater percentage of respondents in Central Virginia and Northern Virginia regions report having children under 18 living with them.


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III. Quality of Life

A. Individual Quality of Life

Overall, both age groups report a high quality of life. Those in the 65+ group are slightly more likely to rate their quality of life as a 4 or 5 on a 5-point scale where 1 means poor and 5 means excellent than those in the 50 to 64 group (79% vs. 77%). When compared to Virginia as a whole, a slightly smaller portion of respondents in the Southside Virginia and Valley & Southwest Virginia regions (about 10%), rate their quality of life as excellent.

Figure 3: Individual Quality of Life

40%

37%

17%

4%

2%

44%

34%

16%

3%

3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

5 - Excellent

4

3

2

1 - Poor

65+ 50 to 64

Q4a. Overall, how would you rate your quality of life? (n = 5,000)

Additionally, there are no differences in quality of life ratings based on gender, race, or residing in a rural or urban location. Income, however, did play a role in respondents’ ratings of their quality of life. To examine the impact of income, respondents were divided into three income levels–high, middle and low–based on income and assets. Low income respondents are those with an income of $20,000 or less and assets of less than $10,000. High income respondents are those with an annual income of $100,000 or higher or assets of $500,000 or more. Middle income respondents are those who do not fit into either category. For both age groups, a smaller portion of respondents in the low income group rate their quality of life as excellent compared to those in high income levels. For the younger group, 11% of those in the low income group rate their quality of life as excellent and 56% of those in the

Older Virginians report a high quality of life and feel that their quality of life is higher than others in the community. They are most satisfied with their relationships and least satisfied with their personal financial situation.


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high income group give this rating. In the older group, 30% of those in the low income group rate their quality of life as excellent, but 56% of those in the high income group give this rating.

Figure 4: “Excellent” Perceived Quality of Life by Income Level

Q4a. Overall, how would you rate your quality of life? (n = 5,000)

Respondents also rated their satisfaction with various items that impact quality of life. While some variation exists depending on the exact item, as a whole, respondents living in urban areas give higher satisfaction levels for the items available in their community (e.g., educational opportunities and opportunities to volunteer). Consistent with this finding, respondents in the Northern Virginia region give the highest satisfaction ratings for opportunities to volunteer in their community, recreational activities in their community, educational activities in their community, and availability of healthcare services in their community. Additionally, those with “excellent” or “very good” health have higher levels of satisfaction overall. Similar to health, respondents with high incomes in both age groups report higher levels of satisfaction with all the items. The exception was relationships with family and friends, for which groups of all incomes and ages give high ratings.

56%

31%

11%

56%

40%

30%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

High Income

Middle Income

Low Income

65+ 50 to 64


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Figure 5: Respondent Satisfaction, Aged 50 to 64

34%

29%

38%

31%

33%

29%

32%

39%

25%

33%

26%

20%

27%

30%

39%

38%

44%

41%

43%

58%

52%

62%

55%

56%

68%

70%

71%

73%

73%

82%

83%

85%

88%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Your current personal financial situation

Recreational activities

Your health

Availability of healthcare services

Educational opportunities

Opportunities to Volunteer

Your current job (Only those who work)

Your safety and security

Your ability to get around

Your current home

Relationships with friends and family

Satisfied Very Satisfied

Q7a-k. How satisfied are you with each of the following? (n = 5,000)

Figure 6: Respondent Satisfaction, Aged 65 and Older

33%

26%

38%

28%

29%

25%

22%

31%

22%

24%

18%

29%

34%

29%

48%

44%

48%

57%

58%

62%

67%

75%

61%

60%

67%

76%

73%

73%

80%

88%

84%

90%

93%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Your current personal financial situation

Recreational activities

Your health

Availability of healthcare services

Educational opportunities

Opportunities to Volunteer

Your current job (Only those who work)

Your safety and security

Your ability to get around

Your current home


Satisfied Very Satisfied

Q7a-k. How satisfied are you with each of the following? (n = 5,000)


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B. Drivers of Individual Quality of Life

To explore and identify any linkages between how respondents rate overall measures in relation to their satisfaction with specific performance variables, statistical regression analysis was utilized. This process looks for relationships or predictors where a higher rating on an attribute positively or negatively impacts the overall rating. In other words, we can use regression analysis to determine what is driving overall quality of life ratings. Potential drivers investigated include:

Opportunities to volunteer in one’s community

Recreational activities available in one’s community


Educational opportunities available in one’s community

Current job

Current personal financial situation

Health

Availability of the healthcare services one needs in one’s community

Current home

Safety and security

Ability to get around one’s community

Among those aged 65 or older, regression analysis indicates that state of health and current job are the two biggest drivers of individual quality of life ratings. Current personal financial situation and relationships with friends and family are lesser, yet still statistically significant, drivers of individual quality of life.

Health and current job are the key drivers of perceived quality of life among those aged 65 and older, whereas current financial situation and health are the key drivers among those aged 50 to 64.


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Figure 7: Drivers of Individual Quality of Life for Those Aged 65 or Older

**The R-squared of the model is .366, demonstrating that the model explains

approximately 37% of the variance of quality of life. Similarly, personal financial situation and health are the biggest drivers of individual quality of life ratings among those aged 50 to 64. Current job, ability to get around the community, availability of needed healthcare services, and relationships with friends and family and are also lesser, yet still statistically significant, drivers.

Figure 8: Drivers of Individual Quality of Life for Those Aged 50 to 64


approximately 42% of the variance of quality of life.


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C. Perceived Quality of Life of Others in the Community

In general, respondents in both groups feel that their own quality of life is better than that of most seniors (those 65+) in their community. In the 50 to 64 year old age group, 46% of respondents rate quality of life for seniors a 4 or 5. Recall, 77% of this group rate their own personal quality of life a 4 or 5. For the 65+ age group, 56% of respondents give a rating of a 4 or 5 for seniors in general, yet 78% of this group rate their own personal quality of life a 4 or 5. Both age groups have similar uncertainty levels regarding the quality of life for this group. A smaller portion of older rural respondents gave a quality of life rating of a 4 or 5 when compared to older urban respondents (51% vs. 61%).

Figure 9: Perceived Quality of Life - Seniors

16%

12%

34%

29%

6%

3%

13%

20%

36%

25%

4%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Unsure

5 - Excellent

4

3

2

1 - Poor

65+ 50 to 64

Q4b. Overall, how would you rate the quality of life of seniors aged 65 or older in your community in general? (n = 5,000)

A similar pattern was seen when asking about the quality of life for adults, those aged 18 to 64, in the community. Respondents rate their quality of life higher than others in their community. Fifty-five percent of 50 to 64 year old respondents rate the quality of life for adults a 4 or 5 (yet 77% give their own quality of life this rating) and 51% of those 65+ give this rating (yet 78% give their own quality of life this rating). More respondents in the 65+ group state they are unsure about the quality of life for this group (22% vs. 8%).


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Figure 10: Perceived Quality of Life - Adults

8%

14%

40%

30%

6%

1%

22%

17%

34%

20%

5%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Unsure

5 - Excellent

4

3

2

1 - Poor

65+ 50 to 64

Q4c. Overall, how would you rate the quality of life of adults aged 18-64 in your community in general? (n = 5,000)

When asked about the quality of life for children, those under 18, in the community, 59% of respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group rate it a 4 or 5, and 47% of those in the older group give this rating. Higher levels of uncertainty were found with older respondents, 27% of respondents in the 65+ group report being unsure, whereas only 11% in the 50 to 64 year old group state they are uncertain.

Figure 11: Perceived Quality of Life - Children

11%

22%

37%

22%

6%

2%

27%

21%

26%

18%

6%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Unsure

5 - Excellent

4

3

2

1 - Poor

65+ 50 to 64

Q4d. Overall, how would you rate the quality of life of children under 18 in your community in general? (n = 5,000)


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IV. Preparedness for the Future

A. Individual Preparedness for the Future

Respondents in the older group report feeling more prepared to navigate the challenges of aging than do those in the younger group. When asked about their preparedness using a 1 to 5 scale with 1 meaning not at all prepared and 5 meaning very prepared, 68% of respondents in the 65+ group give a 4 or 5, whereas 53% of respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group give the same rating.

Figure 12: Individual Preparedness for the Future

21%

33%

27%

12%

8%

34%

34%

22%

6%

4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

5 - Very Prepared

4

3

2

1 - Not at all prepared

65+ 50 to 64

Q5. How well-prepared do you feel to navigate the challenges of aging yourself? (n = 5,000)

Income seems to play a role in how prepared a respondent feels about the challenges they may face with aging. As a reminder, low income respondents are those with an income of $20,000 or less and assets of less than $10,000. High income respondents are those with an annual income of $100,000 or higher or assets of $500,000 or more. Middle income respondents are those who do not fit into either category. In the 65+ group, 49% of respondents in the low income group give a 4 or 5 for their level of preparedness, and 83% of those in the high income group give this rating. For younger respondents, 26% of low income respondents respond with a 4 or 5 compared with 69% of respondents in the high income group.

Individuals feel that they are more prepared than their communities are for the coming age wave. Individual financial situations drives both feelings of individual and community preparedness. Availability of health care, educational opportunities, and recreational opportunities are key community preparedness drivers.


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Figure 13: Individual Preparedness for Aging by Income Level

As with ratings of individual quality of life, regression analysis can be used to understand the drivers of feelings of individual preparedness for aging. Among those aged 65 or older, current personal financial situation is by far the biggest driver of individual feelings of preparedness for aging. Health, current job, educational opportunities, and current home are also significant, albeit smaller, drivers.

Figure 14: Drivers of Feelings of Individual Preparedness for Aging Among Those Aged 65 or Older


approximately 38% of the variance of individual feelings of preparedness

41%

33%

28%

36%

16%

27%

28%

50%

15%

30%

11%

22%

69%

83%

43%

66%

27%

49%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

High Income, 50 to 64

High Income, 65+

Middle Income, 50 to 64

Middle Income, 65+

Low Income, 50 to 64

Low Income, 65+

4 5-Very Prepared


16

Likewise, current personal financial situation is also by far the biggest driver of feelings of individual preparedness for aging among those aged 50 to 64. Current home, educational opportunities, and current job are also smaller, but still statistically significant, drivers.

Figure 15: Drivers of Feelings of Individual Preparedness for Aging Among Those Aged 50 to 64


approximately 42% of the variance of individual feelings of preparedness.

B. Community Preparedness for the Future

Overall, respondents do not feel their community is prepared for an older population. A greater number of those in the 65+ age group, when compared to the 50 to 64 year old group, rate community preparedness as a 4 or 5 (42% vs. 23%). Approximately 10% of both groups report they are unsure about community preparedness. Older respondents in urban areas are more positive about preparedness, giving a rating of 4 or 5, than their peers living in rural areas (46% vs. 36%). Income level does not seem to impact how prepared a respondent feels their community is for an older population.


17

Figure 16: Community Preparedness for the Future

9%

7%

17%

41%

18%

8%

12%

14%

28%

30%

10%

6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Unsure

5 - Very Prepared

4

3

2

1 - Not at all prepared

65+ 50 to 64

Q6. How well prepared is your community for meeting the needs and lifestyles of a substantially older population? (n = 5,000)

As with feelings of individual preparedness for aging, current personal financial situation is a major driver of feelings of community preparedness for aging. Volunteer opportunities, availability of needed healthcare services in the community, recreational activities available in the community, and educational opportunities in the community are also significant drivers among those 65 and older.

Figure 17: Drivers of Feelings of Community Preparedness Among Those Aged 65 or Older


approximately 33% of the variance of feelings of community preparedness.


18

Recreational activities available in the community are the biggest driver of feelings of community preparedness for aging among those aged 50 to 64. Educational opportunities, current job, ability to get around the community, availability of healthcare services, and safety and security are also significant drivers of feelings of community preparedness among those aged 50 to 64.

Figure 18: Major Drivers of Feelings of Community Preparedness Among Those Aged 50 to 64


approximately 33% of the variance of feelings of community preparedness..


19

V. Civic & Community Engagement

A. Volunteering

Many of the respondents are active volunteers in the community. Over half in both age groups report volunteering for an organization or cause within the last six months. Respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group are equally likely to have volunteered in the prior week as those in the 65+ group (28%).

Figure 19: Volunteering in the Community

Q8. When was the last time you volunteered your time in support of an organization or cause? (n = 5,000)

B. Availability of Recreational Activities

Both age groups report having access to and participating in a variety of activities. When looking for differences related to gender, overall participation was equal across groups. Respondents with high income levels are more likely to participate in activities than are those with low incomes. An interesting pattern became apparent when looking at the availability of recreational activities based on how respondents rate their health. As would be expected, respondents who give a rating of fair or poor are less likely have participated in activities in the past 12 months, but they are also more likely to not see as many activities as an options in the area.

9%

18%

5%

10%

8%

8%

13%

28%

13%

28%

4%

9%

4%

5%

12%

24%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Never

More than 2 years ago

Within the last 2 years

Within the last year

Within the last 6 months

Within the last 3 months

Within the last month

Within the last week

65+ 50 to 64

Levels of volunteering and other community engagement are high. Participation in activities is tied to reduced levels of loneliness.


20

Table 5: Activity Availability and Participation

50 to 64 65+ 50 to 64 65+

Religious group/church 98% 98% 67% 69%

Gardening 91% 88% 60% 51%

Attending a live sporting event 91% 89% 42% 29%

Attending a live music event 90% 88% 51% 41%

Attending a live theater event 83% 80% 35% 29%

Bicycling 89% 82% 27% 12%

Dining out 99% 98% 91% 85%

Going to the movies 92% 90% 56% 37%

Walking for exercise 99% 97% 81% 71%

Other forms of exercise 92% 88% 59% 48%

Book club 69% 68% 10% 12%

Art 75% 72% 24% 18%

Educational classes or courses 91% 83% 24% 14%

Bridge club 49% 59% 3% 6%

Activity Available in

the Community

Available and have

participated in the

past 12 months

C. Socialization & Loneliness

The majority of respondents in both the 50 to 64 year old age group and those in the 65+ age group report spending time socializing with family and friends who do not live with them either every day or several times a week. Those in the 65+ age group report slightly higher levels of socialization than those in the younger group. More women than men report that they socialize with friends or family every day or a few times a week. There are no significant differences in the amount of time spent socializing with friends and family based on health status or those living in urban versus rural areas.


21

Figure 20: Frequency of Socializing with Others

Q12. How frequently do you spend time socializing with friends or family who do not live with you? (n = 5,000)

Both age groups report very similar levels of feeling lonely. Levels of loneliness are down significantly from 30 years ago. At the time of the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, 36% of seniors (those 65+) reported feeling lonely sometimes or quite often, but only 24% of the seniors in this study gave the same responses.

Figure 21: Feelings of Loneliness

Q13. Do you find yourself feeling lonely quite often, sometimes, or almost never? (n = 5,000)

Respondents who rate their health status as fair or poor are more likely than those who rate their health as excellent or very good to report feeling lonely quite often. Ten percent of respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group with fair or poor health say they felt lonely quite often, as compared to only 2% within this age group who report excellent or very good health. When looking at the older group, 11% of those with fair or poor health said they felt lonely quite often compared with 4% of those with excellent/very good health.

16%

39%

19%

14%

7%

4%

0%

1%

22%

40%

18%

10%

5%

4%

1%

1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Every day

A few times a week

Once a week

A few times a month

Once a month

A few times a year

Less than once a year

Never

65+ 50 to 64

4%

20%

76%

5%

21%

74%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Quite often

Sometimes

Almost never

65+ 50 to 64


22

A greater proportion of respondents with low incomes report feeling lonely quite often when compared to those with higher incomes. In the younger group, 17% of those with low incomes say they feel lonely quite often compared to 1% of those with high incomes. For the older group, 15% of respondents with low incomes report feeling lonely quite often and 2% of those in the high income group give this rating.

Data suggests that the more activities a respondent participates in, the less likely they are to be lonely. The table below compares the loneliness ratings of those who have a high level of activity (participating in 8 or more activities), those who have a moderate level of activity (participating in 4 to 7 activities) and those who have a low level of activity (participating in 3 or fewer activities). For both age groups, respondents who are more active report being lonely less often. Table 6: Activity Level & Loneliness

Feelings of

Lonliness

High

(8 or more)

Moderate

(4 to 7)

Low

(3 or less)

Almost Never 82% 76% 63%

Sometimes 16% 20% 28%

Quite Often 2% 4% 10%

Feelings of

Lonliness

High

(8 or more)

Moderate

(4 to 7)

Low

(3 or less)




Feelings of

Lonliness

High

(8 or more)

Moderate

(4 to 7)

Low

(3 or less)




Activity Level (65+)

Activity Level (Total)

Activity Level (50 t0 64)


23

VI. Health & Well-Being

A. Quality of Health

Overall, a large proportion of both age groups rate their general health as good, very good, or excellent. Eighty-two percent of respondents in the 50 to 64 year old age group give this rating, as do 73% of those in the 65+ age group. Fewer respondents in the current study report poor or fair health than those in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians. In the current study, 27% of seniors rate their health as fair or poor, and in 1980, 42% gave a rating of fair or poor. (Research note: Use caution with interpretation of these results, because the 1980 study used a 4-point scale for responses and the current study uses a 5-point scale.) For younger respondents, there is no difference in health rating between those living in urban areas and those living in rural areas. For the older group, respondents in urban areas are more likely than those in rural areas to report their health as excellent or very good (48% vs. 39%). Additionally, respondents in the Southside Virginia region report having worse health than do those in other areas. Respondent health appears to be related to income level, with more respondents in the low income group reporting poor or fair health than those in the high income group. Those who rate their health as fair or poor are also much less likely than those with excellent or very good health to have completed a college degree or anything beyond.

Figure 22: Overall Health Rating

Q22. Would you say that in general your health is: (n = 5,000)

19%

30%

29%

15%

6%

14%

29%

30%

20%

7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Excellent

Very good

Good

Fair

Poor

65+ 50 to 64

Older Virginians report being relatively healthy; however, there are a substantial number who have chronic conditions, are not having recommended health screening tests, or are taking some sort of medication on a daily basis.


24

Many items can impact an individual’s health. To further understand the health challenges facing the seniors of both today and tomorrow, respondents were asked about a variety of conditions that they may face. As a whole, more respondents in the in the 65+ group than in the 50 to 64 age group say they have experienced these health conditions. Forty percent of those 65+ say they are limited because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, as compared to 33% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group.

Table 7: Quality of Health Factors

50 to 64

33% 40%

10% 22%

7% 10%

33% 46%

5% 13%

4% 9%

1% 2%

28% 37%

21% 34%

53% 53%

15% 10%

9% 4%

I have Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, or another memory disorder

I have gone to the emergency room in the past two years

I have been admitted to the hospital in the past two years

I have visited a doctor (other than the emergency room) for an injury or

illness within the past two years

65+

Quality of Health FactorsLimitations

I am limited in some activities because of physical, mental, or emotional

problems

I have a health problem that requires me to use special equipment such as

a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone

I have difficulty with some activities of daily living such as bathing or

showering, dressing, eating, getting in or out of bed or chairs, etc.

I currently have a chronic illness, such as diabetes, arthritis, cancer, etc.

I have had a heart attack

I have a nervous, emotional, or psychiatric problem, such as depression,

post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder, etc.I have received treatment or counseling for personal or family problems

or for nervous, emotional, or psychiatric problems in the past six months

Mental Health

Hospitalization

Illnesses

I have had a stroke


25

B. Dental Health

The majority of respondents in both age groups report having gone to the dentist within the past year. Slightly more respondents in the younger group went the dentist within the past year (77% vs. 65%). For seniors, this is substantially higher than the 35% of respondents in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians who reported visiting a dentist within the past year.

Figure 23: Length of Time Since Last Dental Visit

Q32. How long has it been since you last visited a dentist or a dental clinic for any reason? (n = 5,000)

When asked why they had not been to the dentist in the past year, most respondents say they did not have a need (43% in the 50 to 64 year old group and 62% in the 65+ group). This reason was followed by cost (35% in the 50 to 64 year old group and 18% in the 65+ group).

Figure 24: Reasons for Not Visiting a Dentist

Q32. Why have you not been to a dentist in the past year? (n = 1,343)

0%

1%

6%

8%

9%

77%

1%

2%

8%

15%

9%

65%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Never

Don’t know/not sure

Within the past 5 years

5 or more years ago


Within the past year

65+ 50 to 64

23%

1%

6%

35%

43%

24%

1%

4%

18%

62%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

No dentist in town

Don't have a dentist

Cost

Don't have a need

65+ 50 to 64


26

C. Nutrition & Exercise

For both groups, almost 90% of respondents report they have access to nutritious food. When asked how frequently respondents ran out of food and did not have money to purchase more, 87% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group indicated never and 88% of those in the 65+ age group report never. When asked about how often they could not afford to eat balanced meals, 13% of those in the 50 to 64 year old age group chose often or sometimes and 12% of those in the 65+ age group selected often or sometimes. Overall, both age groups also report eating a nutritious diet. Eighty-two percent of respondents in the 50 to 64 age group report having a nutritious diet. In the 65+ group, 84% of respondents report they have a nutritious diet. Respondent income looks to be related to diet. For those in the younger age group, 53% of low income respondents and 90% of high income respondents say they have a nutritious diet. For the older age group, this rises to 73% of low income respondents and 93% of high income respondents. A slightly smaller percentage of respondents in this study report having a nutritious diet than those in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians. In 1980, 92% of respondents said they had a nutritious diet and this decreased to 84% of respondents in the current study.

Figure 25: Perception of Eating a Nutritious Diet

Q35. In general, do you feel that you have a nutritious diet? (n = 5,000)

Almost three-quarters of all respondents report participating in physical activity or exercise within the past month. Those in the 50 to 64 year old group report participating in physical activities slightly more often than those in the 65+ group (83% vs. 71%). Similarly to nutrition, high income respondents are more likely to participate in exercise. About 60% of both age groups in the low income bracket say they exercised and between 80% and 90% of those in the high income group exercised. It seems that seniors in the current study may be more active than those who participated in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians. In that study, only 10% of respondents reported they regularly participated in vigorous activity. The question in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older

9%

9%

82%

9%

7%

84%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Sometimes yes / sometimes no

Yes

65+ 50 to 64


27

Virginians asked “Do you regularly participate in any vigorous sports activity such as hiking, jogging, tennis, biking or swimming?” It is a slightly different question, but combined with results below suggests seniors did less physical activity in 1980.

Figure 26: Participation in Physical Activity or Exercise in Past Month

Q36. During the past month, other than your regular job, did you participate in any physical activities or exercises such as running, calisthenics, golf, gardening, or walking for exercise? (n = 5,000)

17%

83%

29%

71%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64


28

D. Healthcare Access

The majority of respondents in both age groups report having health insurance. As would be expected, many more respondents in the 65+ age group report having Medicare. Additionally, about three-quarters of both groups report having life insurance. More respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group report having short- and long-term disability insurance, but this is still less than one-third of the respondents in this group. About the same proportion of seniors in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians reported having Medicare and about 3% more reported having Medicaid.

Figure 27: Healthcare Coverage

Q21. Which of the following do you have? Please select all that apply. (n = 5,000)

The majority of respondents in both groups report they have someone they consider to be their primary care physician.

4%

31%

29%

5%

23%

80%

88%

17%

1%

6%

8%

13%

22%

74%

85%

91%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

None of the above

Short-term disability insurance

Long-term disability insurance

Medicaid

Long-term care insurance

Life insurance

Health insurance

Medicare

65+ 50 to 64


29

Figure 28: Primary Care Physician

Q23. Do you have a person you think of as your primary care physician? (n = 5,000)

E. Routine/Preventative Healthcare

In addition to having a primary care physician, a large proportion of respondents in both groups report they have seen their physician for a routine checkup within the past year.

Figure 29: Length of Time Since Last Routine Checkup

Q24. About how long has it been since you last visited a doctor for a routine checkup? (n = 5,000)

Both age groups show similar patterns for preventative screening exams. Over three-quarters of the respondents in each group report having had a mammogram, prostate exam, cholesterol test, and vision test within the last two years. Slightly less than 40% of each group report having a colonoscopy within the past two years. The fewest respondents say they have had hearing tests in the past two years, with just over 31% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group and 34% of respondents in the 65+ group. Both men and women report having health screenings at similar levels with the exception of hearing tests. Men are more likely than women to have had a hearing test in the last year (Men - 50 to 64: 27%, 65+: 30%; Women 50 to 64: 17%, 65+: 30%).

9%

91%

6%

94%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64

1%

4%

4%

9%

82%

0%

2%

2%

4%

92%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Never

5 or more years ago



Within the past year

65+ 50 to 64


30

Table 8: Preventative Screening Frequency

50 to 64 65+ 50 to 64 65+ 50 to 64 65+

Mammogram (women only) 69% 61% 12% 17% 18% 21%

Prostate Exam (men only) 61% 64% 15% 12% 14% 16%

Cholesterol Test 79% 86% 9% 4% 8% 7%

Colonoscopy 23% 20% 14% 17% 36% 43%

Hearing Test 22% 25% 10% 9% 42% 31%

Vision Test 65% 72% 16% 14% 16% 11%

I have had this test within

the past year

I have had this test within

the past 2 years

I have not had this test

within the past 2 years

Respondents in the older group are much more likely to report receiving a vaccine. In this group, 76% say they had a flu shot and 43% report getting the pneumonia vaccine within the last two years. In comparison, among those in the 50 to 64 age group, 55% report having a flu shot and only 17% report having a pneumonia vaccine within the past two years.

F. Medications

A good proportion of the respondents report they take at least one medication daily. Seventy-four percent of respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group and 91% of those in the 65+ group take at least one medication every day. The majority of respondents in both groups report taking between one and five medications daily (57% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group and 62% of those in the 65+ group). A small proportion of respondents in both groups say they take 12 or more medications daily.

Figure 30: Medication Taken Daily

Q29. How many medications do you take on a daily basis? (n = 5,000)

4%

3%

3%

7%

14%

28%

15%

26%

5%

4%

6%

14%

25%

26%

11%

9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

12 or more

10 to 11

8 to 9

6 to 7

4 to 5

2 to 3

1

None

65+ 50 to 64


31

Both groups give similar responses regarding the affordability of medications. About three-quarters of the respondents in either group say their medication is easy to afford (providing a rating of a 4 or 5). Additionally, only 4% of those in the 65+ group and 5% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group say there is a medication they should be taking, but are not because of cost. Respondents with poor or fair health are more likely to report there are medications they should be taking, but are not because of cost.

Figure 31: Affordability of Medication

Q30. How difficult or easy is it for you to afford your medications? (n = 5,000)

G. Caregiving

Respondents were both recipients and providers of caregiving. More respondents in the 65+ group report someone has checked on them in the past six months (61% vs. 43%). Women in both age groups are more likely to say someone has checked on them regularly during the past six months and someone is still checking on them; 44% of women in the 50 to 64 year old group and 67% of those in the 65+ group stated this. When looking at the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, similar percentages of respondents reported someone had checked on them regularly in the past six months. Whereas still a small proportion of the group, those in the 65+ group are twice as likely as those in the 50 to 64 year old group to feel they need someone to check on them regularly (14% vs. 7%). Twenty percent of those in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians reported this. Both groups report needing assistance with personal care and nursing care at similar rates. The percentage of respondents in the current study who report receiving care, both personal and nursing care, are almost identical to those in the 1980 study.

55%

18%

17%

4%

6%

57%

18%

16%

5%

5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

5-It is very easy to afford them

4

3

2

1-It is very difficult to afford them

65+ 50 to 64


32

Table 9: Respondents Needing Assistance

50 to 64 65+ 50 to 64 65+ 50 to 64 65+ 50 to 64 65+

Yes 43% 61% 7% 14% 5% 6% 6% 8%

No 57% 39% 93% 86% 95% 94% 94% 92%

In the past six months, has

someone helped you with

your personal care?

In the past six months, have

you had any nursing care?

During the past 6 months,

had someone regularly

checked on you?

Do you feel you need

someone to regularly check

on you?

Those in the younger age group are slightly more likely to have provided care to a friend or family member than those in the older group (35% vs. 26%). Whereas there is not a direct comparison, in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, 9% reported helping someone with personal care, 7% reported providing nursing care, 7% reported providing continuous supervision for someone, and 21% reported checking on someone regularly to make sure they were alright. The likelihood of being a caregiver was similar across all income groups.

Figure 32: Providing Care to a Friend or Family Member

Q41. During the past month, have you provided care for a friend or family member with a health problem or long-term illness? (n = 5,000)

65%

35%

74%

26%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64


33

VII. Finances

A. Income

Overall, respondents in the younger group report higher incomes than those in the older group. Almost one-third of those in the 50 to 64 year old group report an income of $100,000 or more. For the 65+ group, only 12% report this level of income. Additionally, almost half of respondents in the 65+ group report an income of less than $30,000, but only 21% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group report this income level.

Figure 33: Household Income

Q16. Which of the following best represents your total annual household income? (n = 5,000)

Both age groups report receiving income from various sources; and the two most common sources of income for respondents are earnings from employment and social security. As would be

3%

7%

7%

7%

10%

13%

18%

8%

8%

7%

6%

5%

6%

3%

3%

2%

4%

7%

14%

8%

11%

14%

18%

9%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Don't know

$200,000 or more

$150,000 to $199,999

$125,000 to $149,999

$100,000 to $124,999

$75,000 to $99,999

$50,000 to $74,999

$40,000 $49,999

$30,000 $39,999

$20,000 to $29,999

$10,000 to $19,999

Less than $10,000

65+ 50 to 64

About half of those age 50 to 64 and a third of those 65+ do not feel prepared for retirement. Feelings of preparedness for retirement are highly connected with income and assets. For both age groups, a noteworthy proportion of respondents feel they could use additional assistance.


34

expected, age plays a major role in the kind of income a respondent reports. Almost three-quarters of those in the 50 to 64 year old group report income from employment, but only about a quarter of those in the 65+ group report this type of income. For social security income, 84% of those in the 65+ group report receiving it, but 29% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group report this as an income source. Income from rental properties or investments is the next most common type of income received. When comparing the current group of seniors to those in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, several differences are apparent. First, 20% more seniors in the current study report receiving income from a pension (57% currently and 37% in 1980). Additionally, about 6% fewer seniors in the current study report receiving social security than those in 1980 (84% currently and 90% in 1980). Slightly more seniors in the current study also report earnings from employment (24% currently and 21% in 1980).

Figure 34: Income Sources

Q15.Through which of the following sources do you (and your spouse or partner) receive income? Please select all that apply. (n = 5,000)

3%

2%

1%

1%

1%

2%

2%

6%

3%

3%

9%

73%

40%

32%

29%

3%

1%

0%

0%

0%

0%

0%

4%

5%

8%

11%

24%

41%

57%

84%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

None of the above

Other

Welfare payments/Aid for Children

Financial aid from private organizations

Alimony or child support

Scholarships, stipends

Unemployment Compensation

Disability payments

Assistance from family members

SSI payments

V.A. Benefits

Employment Earnings

Income from rentals, investments, etc.

Retirement pension from job

Social Security

65+ 50 to 64


35

B. Assets

About one-third of the respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group and a quarter of those in the 65+ group report assets of $100,000 or more. Respondents in the Northern Virginia region report both higher incomes and higher levels of assets.

Figure 35: Household Assets (Not Including Home)

Q19. What would you say is the approximate total value of your financial assets for your entire household —not including your home? (n = 5,000)

15%

4%

8%

11%

17%

16%

11%

8%

10%

23%

5%

5%

8%

11%

11%

10%

11%

15%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No idea

$1,000,000 or higher

$500,000 - $999,999

$250,000 - $499,999

$100,000 - $249,999

$50,000 - $99,999

$25,000 - $49,999

$10,000 - $24,999

Less than $10,000

65+ 50 to 64


36

C. Financial Assistance

About a fifth of respondents report they need financial assistance beyond what they currently receive. Slightly more individuals in the younger group than the older group feel they could use assistance (21% vs. 17%). When comparing this to the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, it suggests that seniors today are doing better than their counterparts 30 years ago. In that study, 31% of seniors responded that they could use assistance, but only 17% of seniors in the current study report needing financial assistance. A respondent’s health rating was tied to their perceived need for assistance. Respondents with a health rating of fair or poor are more likely than those with health ratings of excellent or very good to say they need financial assistance. For the younger group, 8% of those with excellent health say they need assistance, compared with 48% of those with poor health. For the older group, 9% of those with excellent health report needing assistance compared with 35% of those with poor health.

Figure 36: Perceived Need for Additional Financial Assistance

Q17. Is your financial situation such that you feel you need financial assistance or help beyond what you are already getting? (n = 5,000)

Both groups report similar levels for both receipt of public assistance and need for public assistance beyond what they currently receive. In both groups, a small proportion of respondents report they receive assistance such as food stamps, energy assistance, etc. (5% in the 50 to 64 group and 7% in the 65+ group). Slightly more respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group than those in the 65+ group report not receiving assistance but feeling as though they need it (12% vs. 11%). Similarly to need for financial assistance, a greater proportion of those with poor health report they currently receive assistance or they need assistance.

1%

79%

21%

1%

81%

17%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Don't know

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64


37

Figure 37: Public Assistance

Q18. Do you currently receive some sort of public assistance, such as food stamps, energy assistance, etc.? (n = 5, 000)

D. Financial Preparation for Retirement

Respondents in the 65+ age group report being much more prepared for retirement than those in the 50 to 64 year old group (61% vs. 46%). A higher percentage of African-American respondents say they are not at all prepared for retirement. Looking at the African-American respondents, 30% of those 50 to 64 and 28% of those 65+ say they are not at all prepared. The percentages for other groups vary, but between 13% and 20% of respondents of other races in the 50 to 64 year old group and 8% to 13% of respondents of other races who are 65+ say they are not at all prepared for retirement. A smaller proportion of respondents in rural areas than in urban areas feel they are financially prepared for retirement. Additionally, those with excellent health are more likely to say they are financially prepared for retirement. As would be expected, respondents with low incomes are less likely to feel prepared for retirement than their peers with high incomes.

Figure 38: Preparedness for Retirement

Q20. How financially prepared are you for retirement? (n = 5,000)

For both age groups, the portion of respondents who say they are very prepared for retirement approximately doubles as they move upward in the income categories from low to middle to high.

83%

12%

5%

83%

11%

7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No, and I do not need it

No, and I feel as though I need it

Yes

65+ 50 to 64

21%

25%

27%

12%

16%

38%

23%

20%

8%

11%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

5-Very prepared

4

3

2

1-Not at all prepared

65+ 50 to 64


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Figure 39: Respondents Who Feel Very Prepared for Retirement by Income Level

10%

35%

66%

6% 14%

32%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Low Income Middle Income High lncome

65+ 50 to 64


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VIII. Housing

A. Current Home

For both age groups, the majority of respondents report living in single-family detached homes. This was then followed by apartment buildings and multiple dwelling homes. Hispanic and African-American respondents are slightly less likely than respondents who are white or another race to live in single-family detached homes. Approximately the same percentage of 65+ respondents in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians reported living in single-family detached homes. As would be expected, more respondents in urban areas report living in apartments or other multiple dwelling homes. As such, those in the Northern Virginia region are more likely to live in apartments or other multi-family dwellings. Those in rural areas report slightly higher rates of living in single-family homes and higher rates of living in mobile homes.

Figure 40: Housing Type

Q43. Which of the following best describes the type of housing where you live? (n = 5,000)

0%

5%

0%

2%

6%

0%

86%

1%

7%

2%

2%

6%

0%

82%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

Apartment building

Assisted living facility/Nursing Home

Mobile home

Multiple dwelling house

Rooming or boarding house, hotel

Single-family detached home

65+ 50 to 64

About 10% of respondents report they have to make major sacrifices to be able to afford their current home.


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More respondents in the 65+ group report owning their home outright (68% vs. 38%), and more respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group report owning their home, but still paying on a mortgage (52% vs. 21%). For both groups, a large proportion of the respondents have bought a property and are not renting. When compared with the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians, the proportion of senior respondents who report owning their home is about the same (70% in 1980 and 68% today). More people in the 1980 said that they owned their home and no longer had a mortgage on the property (68% currently and 86% in 1980). A higher proportion of rural respondents than urban respondents in both age groups report owning their homes outright. For those in the 50 to 64 year old group, 45% of those in rural areas and 28% of those in urban areas report owning their home outright. For the 65+ group these percentages increase to 70% for rural and 64% for urban. The proportion of respondents who report owning their home is similar across income groups, but those in the low income group report having to sacrifice more to afford their mortgage payment.

Figure 41: Home Ownership

Q44. Do you own your own home? (n = 5,000)

About 90% of the respondents in both groups feel their home is either easily affordable or affordable with minor sacrifices.

6%

3%

52%

38%

9%

2%

21%

68%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No, rent

No, living with someone else who owns thehome

Yes, still paying mortgage

Yes, own outright

65+ 50 to 64


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Figure 42: Housing Affordability

Q45. How affordable do you find your mortgage/rent? (n = 5,000)

A very small portion of respondents in both groups (1%) report living in public housing or receiving a rent subsidy. This is substantially lower than the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians when 8% of seniors reported receiving a rent subsidy or living in public housing. Overall, both groups have been in their current home for a number of years. For the entire group, the average length of time a respondent has been in their home is 21.7 years. For those in the 50 to 64 year old group, the average is slightly lower at 17.7 years. Respondents in the 65+ group have an average length of time in their current home of 26.3 years. When comparing the state by region, the Valley & Southwest Virginia and Southside Virginia regions have a larger proportion of respondents than other regions who report living in their community for their entire life.

Figure 43: Length of Time in Home

Q42. How many years have you lived in your current home? (n = 5,000)

0%

2%

10%

39%

50%

1%

1%

8%

31%

59%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Don't know

Not at all affordable

Affordable with some major sacrifices

Affordable with some minor sacrifices

Easily affordable

65+ 50 to 64

33%

16%

17%

18%

12%

4%

57%

8%

11%

13%

8%

2%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

More than 20 years

16 years to 20 years


6 years to 10 years

2 years to 5 years

Less than 2 years

65+ 50 to 64


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Both groups report living in their current community for a substantial amount of time. Approximately two-thirds of respondents in the 65+ group report living in their current community for more than 20 years, and half of respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group provide a similar answer.

Figure 44: Length of Time in the Community

Q64. For approximately how many years have you lived in your current community? (n = 5,000)

Most of the respondents in both groups report that they do not have any problems with accessibility related to their home. In both groups, 4% report accessibility problems with their home.

B. Safety

Overall, respondents report feeling safe in their homes and communities during the day and at night. Almost 90% of respondents in both groups report feeling safe in all the situations presented. The time and place where respondents feet least safe was in their communities at night, but they still gave relatively high safety ratings for this situation. These ratings are similar to those given by respondents in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians. Health status seems to be related to respondents’ feelings of safety. Those who report their health as fair or poor give lower ratings of safety across all categories. Additionally, those with low incomes give lower safety ratings.

Table 10: Feelings of Safety

I typically feel safe or very safe… 50 to 64 65+

In my home during the day 97% 97%

In my home at night 93% 96%

In my community during the day 94% 95%

In my community at night 87% 91%

8%

42%

12%

14%

14%

8%

2%

12%

56%

6%

9%

10%

5%

1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Your entire life

More than 20 years



6 years to 10 years

2 years to 5 years

Less than 2 years

65+ 50 to 64


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IX. Workforce

About half of the respondents in the 50 to 64 year old group report being employed full-time, and a quarter of the respondents in this group report being retired. For the 65+ age group, 82% report they are retired. Only 6% report working full-time and 5% report working part-time. The number of seniors in the current study who report working is slightly lower than the 12% of seniors who reported working either full- or part-time in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians. Additionally, about 13% fewer seniors in the 1980 study reported being retired.

Figure 45: Employment Status

Q49. Which of the following best describes your employment status? (n = 5,000)

Among those who are not currently working and who did not indicate that they are already retired, 37% of those in the 50 to 64 year old group and 21% of the 65+ age group are seeking work.

6%

0%

9%

4%

10%

46%

24%

1%

0%

2%

3%

5%

6%

82%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other

Full-time volunteer

Not currently employed

Homemaker / Stay at home parent

Employed part-time

Employed full-time

Retired

65+ 50 to 64

Many of those who are currently working report they have left and re-entered the workforce. Reports of age discrimination are currently somewhat low but should be monitored as the workforce ages.


44

Just slightly less than half (45%) of those in the 65+ age group who are currently working report having left and re-entered the workforce. This equates to approximately 5% of all respondents aged 65 or older. Likewise, just over a third (35%) of those in the 50 to 64 age group who are currently working report having left and re-entered the workforce. This equates to approximately 19% of all respondents aged 50 to 64. For both groups, respondents who had left and then re-entered the workforce are about equally split with regard to whether they came back to the same type of job or a different type of job.

Figure 46: Workforce Re-entry

Q51. Have you left and re-entered the workforce? (n = 5,000)

Overall, only a small portion of those who are currently working report they have encountered discrimination due to age in the workplace. Perhaps surprisingly, those in the 50 to 64 year old group report experiencing age discrimination at a higher rate than those in the 65+ group.

Figure 47: Age Discrimination at Work

Q52. Within the past two years, have you felt as though you experienced discrimination at work because of age? (n = 5,000)

65%

17%

18%

55%

21%

24%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes, re-entered with different type ofjob

Yes, re-entered with the same type ofjob

65+ 50 to 64

91%

9%

95%

5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64


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Older Virginians rely heavily on their cars for their transportation needs, and reliance on personal cars may present problems as they age. One in twenty respondents already feel they need more transportation than they currently have.

X. Transportation & Mobility

Both age groups report similar access to transportation options. Driving a car they own or a car they could borrow are the most common options reported. The 88% of those in the 65+ group who report driving a car they own is much higher than the 59% of seniors who said they had a car in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians. Perhaps not surprisingly, local trains and buses are the least frequently reported transportation options for both age groups. As a whole, female respondents in the 65+ group report having access to the fewest transportation options. Respondents in urban areas are less likely to have cars, but they are more likely to have access to trains and buses. As such, greater proportions of respondents in the Northern Virginia region report having access to a bus, train, or taxi than do those in other regions. Additionally, those who report having fair or poor health and those with low incomes report fewer transportation options with the exception of special transportation for the elderly or disabled.

Figure 48: Available Transportation Options

Q54. Which of the following forms of transportation is available to you? (n = 5,000)

34%

54%

63%

63%

67%

75%

79%

81%

94%

28%

49%

64%

65%

67%

68%

78%

69%

88%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Local train

Bus

Rides from my church group

Special transportation for the elderly

Special transportation for the disabled

Taxi

Rides from my neighbors

Car that I can borrow

Car that I own

65+ 50 to 64


46

A large proportion of the respondents in both age groups report they are a licensed driver. Respondents in the 65+ group are more likely to have restrictions on their driving or not have a license at all. The percentage of female respondents in the 65+ group who are licensed drivers is much lower than any of the other groups. Only 71% of respondents in this group are licensed drivers, as compared with about 90% of respondents in all the other age and gender groups. A greater proportion of low income respondents in both age groups say they do not have a driver’s license – 29% of low-income individuals in the 50 to 64 age group and 32% of low-income individuals in the 65+ age group do not have a driver’s license. Respondents in the current study are about as likely to have an unrestricted driver’s license as those in the 1980 Statewide Survey of Older Virginians (78% currently and 77% in 1980).

Figure 49: Licensed Drivers

Q53. Are you a licensed driver? (n = 5,000)

Only 5% of respondents in each age group report they need transportation more often than it is available to them. Very few respondents in either group say that not having transportation access had created problems or made them unable to participate in regular day-to-day activities. For both age groups, a greater portion of respondents with poor health say they need transportation more often than it was available (about 10% compared to about 3% for respondents with other health statuses).

Figure 50: Availability of Transportation

Q56. Do you feel you need transportation more often that it is available to you? (n = 5,000)

5%

1%

1%

93%

12%

3%

6%

78%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes, but I cannot drive at all

Yes, but I cannot drive at night

Yes

65+ 50 to 64

95%

5%

95%

5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64


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XI. Area Agency on Aging

Both age groups have similar levels of awareness regarding their local agency on aging. Those in the 65+ group have a slightly higher level of awareness, but 32% of respondents in this group and 38% in the 50 to 64 year old group have not heard of their local agency. Older respondents with low incomes have the highest awareness (78% of respondents in this group).

Figure 51: Familiarity with Local Agency on Aging

Q11. Have you ever heard of (area agency)? (n = 5,000)

Awareness of local area agencies on aging varies from 44% to 94% in the 50 to 64 age group and from 58% to 96% in the 65+ age group.

Table 11: Area Agencies on Aging with Highest Recognition Levels

Agency 50 to 64 65+

Mountain Empire Older Citizens, Inc. 94% 96%

New River Valley Agency on Aging 80% 74%

Shenandoah Area Agency on Aging, Inc. 79% 73%

Jefferson Area Board for Aging 78% 83%

Valley Program for Aging Services, Inc. 77% 68%

Appalachian Agency For Senior Citizens, Inc. 76% 77%

Central Virginia Area Agency on Aging, Inc. 73% 71%

Bay Aging 72% 87%

Crater District Area Agency On Aging 72% 80%

Rappahannock-Rapidan Community Services Board 71% 65%

3%

38%

59%

3%

32%

65%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Don't know

No

Yes

65+ 50 to 64

On average, about six in ten respondents are aware of their local agency on aging, but there is significant variation in awareness among the various agencies on aging.


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XII. Conclusions

The population of Virginia is aging and it is important to be prepared for this age wave. Additionally, advances in healthcare and cultural shifts mean that this upcoming generation of seniors will have different needs and expectations as they grow older. This baseline survey provides key information that can be used to prepare for the future, and enables future measurement against key indicators. Key Highlights from the Statewide Report include:

Older Virginians report a high quality of life and feel that their quality of life is higher than others in the community. They are most satisfied with their relationships and least satisfied with their personal financial situation.

Health and current job are the key drivers of perceived quality of life among those aged 65 and older, whereas current financial situation and health are the key drivers among those aged 50 to 64.

Individuals feel that they are more prepared than their communities are for the coming age wave. Individual financial situations drives both feelings of individual and community preparedness. Availability of health care, educational opportunities, and recreational opportunities are key community preparedness drivers.

Levels of volunteering and other community engagement are high. Participation in activities is tied to reduced levels of loneliness.

Older Virginians report being relatively healthy; however, there are a substantial number who have chronic conditions, are not having recommended health screening tests, or are taking some sort of medication on a daily basis.

About half of those aged 50 to 64 and a third of those 65+ do not feel prepared for retirement. Feelings of preparedness for retirement are highly connected with income and assets. For both age groups, a noteworthy proportion of respondents feel they could use additional assistance.

About 10% of respondents report they have to make major sacrifices to be able to afford their current home.

Many of those who are currently working report they have left and re-entered the workforce. Reports of age discrimination are currently somewhat low but should be monitored as the workforce ages.

Older Virginians rely heavily on their cars for their transportation needs, and reliance on personal cars may present problems as they age. One in twenty respondents already feel they need more transportation than they currently have.

On average, about six in ten respondents are aware of their local agency on aging, but there is significant variation in awareness among the various agencies on aging.

Many aspects of life come together to drive preparation for aging and retirement. It is essential to understand and monitor these drivers as Virginia becomes an Older Dominion.


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Additional Information

In addition to this report, the following items are available:

Information on additional questions asked to a sub-set of the survey respondents

Reports for each of the Area Agencies on Aging of the VAAAA

Detailed data tables

Customized data tables

For information on any of the above or for more information about the Older Dominion Partnership in general and/or this study specifically, please contact:

David Ross Executive Director, Older Dominion Partnership

[email protected] 804-559-0147

Older Dominion Partnership 8400 Meadowbridge Road Mechanicsville, VA 23116

OLDER DOMINION PARTNERSHIP 2011 Virginia … · 2011 Virginia Age Ready Indicators Benchmark ... Ed...

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