Older churches and public buildings Generational opportunities to improve their environmental...
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Older churches and Older churches and public buildings public buildings Generational opportunities to improve their environmental performance Brian Cuthbertson Head of Environmental Challenge, Diocese of London Presentation to Emmanuel URC Cambridge, Environment Expo, Thursday 6 nd September 2012
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Transcript of Older churches and public buildings Generational opportunities to improve their environmental...
Older churches and public Older churches and public buildingsbuildings
Generational opportunities to improve their environmental performance
Brian Cuthbertson Head of Environmental Challenge, Diocese of London
Presentation to Emmanuel URC Cambridge, Environment Expo, Thursday 6nd September 2012
The Church in LondonThe Church in London
o The Diocese of London277 square miles of Greater London and Surrey North of the Thames, from Staines to the Isle of Dogs North to Enfield
o It comprisesThe Cities of London and Westminster, Boroughs of Brent, Harrow, Ealing, Hillingdon, Barnet, Camden, Enfield,
Haringey, Hackney, Islington, Tower Hamlets, Hounslow,Kensington & Chelsea, Hammersmith & Fulham andRichmond-upon-Thames (part), and Spelthorne in Surrey
o The Diocese has4 million people; 1.6 million homes480 churches; 69,000 adult members191 parishes in Urban Priority Areas150 church schools with 47,000 pupils
“Well over 70% of the population of our country claimed to be Christian … even in Greater London … there are 630,000 Christians worshipping every ordinary week in more than 4,000 churches.”
Bishop of London
o Climate change
o Shrinking the Footprintwww.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint
o Reducing our CO2 emissions
o Down by at least 20.12% by 2012, 42% by 2020, 80% by 2050
o Carbon/environment sustainable when?
“Shrinking the Footprint is the Church of England’s national ... campaign to enable its members and institutions to address – in faith, practice, and mission – the pressing issue of climate change.
“It aims to challenge, encourage and support the whole body of the Church to shrink our environmental footprint to create ‘The 20% Church’ by ... sustainable reductions in ... carbon emissions to 20% of current levels by 2050.”
www.ShrinkingTheFootprint.org
The ChallengeThe Challenge
o Coal, oil, gas, shale gas … nuclear??o Energy sustainability, security, affordabilityo Emissions: direct and indirecto UK Parliament and Government Sustainable Energy etc Acts 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008; Climate Change Act 2008; Sustainable Communities Act 2007
o Committee on Climate Changeo Budgets, trading and offsetting?o Carbon capture and storage?o Renewables
Sun, wind, water, air, geo, bio, chemo; combined heat & power; hydrogen fuel cells?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Parliament_(Monet)
Lord Adair Turner,Chairman, CCC
“The Climate Change Act sets up an innovation in the governance of carbon emissions ... it commits the government to establishing legally binding limits on carbon emissions, ... carbon budgets.”
Energy and carbonEnergy and carbon
o Rain and drought
o Flooding, lawns and patios
o Church and churchyard, homes and gardens
o Water conservation
o Rainwater harvesting
o Land fill – emissions, birds
o Recycling, sorting/separation, ‘commingling’
o Food waste, packaging, carrier bags
“The Thames region has lower water availability per person than Morocco, but Londoners consume … 18 litres per day more than the national average while some 600m litres a day are lost through leaks.”
The Guardian, 29/08/08
Water and wasteWater and waste
o PaperFelling of younger trees
Processing, manufacture, distribution Printing and ink, wastage of surplus copies Surface mail distribution, storage Recycling, landfill
o IT2% world carbon emissions (same as aviation – both are growing)Computers, smart phones, other gadgets
Microprocessors in cars, appliances etcPower and heat, data centres
Ease of use – ‘out of sight, out of mind’Manufacture, distribution, decommissioning, disposal
Speed of obsolescence, multiple units per personRare metals, health and safety
“Environment pays the price for boomin laptops and mobiles.”
Times Online, 19/04/09
http://thepirata.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/paper_engine05.jpg
Paper v ITPaper v IT
o Churchyards, trees, wildlifeo Context
UK National Eco-system Assessment 2011Natural Environment White Paper Biodiversity 2020
o Species and habitatso Conservation and biodiversityo Wild v controlled, nature v buildings?o Valuing nature o Public engagemento The environment in educationo Management and enhancement
“Green is the colour of the Holy Spirit, of life, procreation and resurrection.”
Carl JungQuoted from Joseph Campbell , ‘Creative Mythology’
Fauna and floraFauna and flora
o Phase I: Churchyards Ecology SurveysProfessional surveys and reportSample of 20+ churchyards in Greater LondonInner and outer London, large & small churchyards, gardensTrees & flowers, birds & mammals, insects, lichens
o StakeholdersDioceses of London, Southwark and Chelmford, Parishes NBN Gateway, GiGL, London Wildlife Trust Local Authorities, London Parks & Green Spaces Forum, Natural EnglandFundraising in progress
Emily Brontë‘Wuthering Heights’
www.ayearfromoakcottage.com
“I lingered among them under that benign sky, watched the moths fluttering among the heath and harebells, ... and wondered how anyone could have imagined unquiet slumbers for the sleepers in that quiet earth.”
Churchyards for LondonChurchyards for London
o Phase II: Churchyards for CommunitiesChurchyards and HeritageChurchyards for Biodiversity
o St Paul’s Cathedralo Parish churches and hallso Residential property
ParsonagesLettings
o Commercial propertyo Church schoolso Diocesan HQo Management and maintenanceo Use v investment, environment v profit
“... Buildings produce nearly half of the UK’s carbon emissions.” www.campaigns.direct.gov.uk/epc/
Property and buildingsProperty and buildings
o ScopeChurches and halls; offices; Cathedral; schools; residential
o Churches and Halls480 churches; 69,000 electoral roll members 2005 - 83.8m kWh, 21.2K tonnes CO2e, 0.3 tonnes pp
o OthersCathedral, offices, houses – at least 13,000 tonnes London Diocesan Schools – 38,000 tonnes?
o OutreachChurch members – 750,000 tonnes?
o Strategy and targets How far, how fast, logistics and funding
Google maps
Route 2050Route 2050
London Challenge 2012
“Implementing the Church of England policy on shrinking the environmental footprint and playing a full part in the debate on ecological matters.”
o Church Direct Heating
Indirect Electricity generation Fuel production and distribution
Water and waste disposalBuilding materials and furnishings
o Personal Direct Home heatingCar usePublic transportAir travelOther recreation
Indirect Electricity generationFuel production and distributionWater and waste disposalHome maintenance and improvementsAgriculture, food, transportClothes, consumer goods
“ … to accelerate the move to a low carbon economy by working … to reduce carbon emissions … ” The Carbon Trust
Greenhouse gas sourcesGreenhouse gas sources
o Recording useage
o Parish annual returns
o Environmental audits Energy and carbon, water and waste, wildlife and biodiversity
o Personal carbon footprints
o Carbon footprint calculators www.carbonfootprint.com; www.travelfootprint.org
“Unless we know where we are starting from, we cannot plan how best to reduce our impact.”
www.shrinkingthefootprint.org
Recording and auditingRecording and auditing
o Electricity Units (energy: kWh)
o Gas ‘Units’ (volume: imperial/metric, 100s cu feet/1000s litres)Heat (British Thermal Units (BTUs), kWh) Conversion factors
o Oil Litres, kWh – how measure (deliveries/ tank levels)
o Water Rates or bills? Cu metres (1 cu metre = 1000 Lr)
o Bills and meters Location and access
Sub-meters, tenants
o Logistics and responsibility: warden? treasurer? parish champion?
Doggerel inspired by George Herbert
“A warden with this causemakes drudgery divine;Who reads a meter for Thy sakesaves energy and carbon combined.”
www.britishgas.co.uk/your-read.html
Meters and billsMeters and bills
o Climate Action Programme www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Climate-Action-Programme
Environmental Audits, Generic Building Solutions, Energy-saving Benchmarking
o Climate Action Plans www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Climate-Action-Plans
Bespoke packages of benchmarks, savings plans, suppliers and tariffs, Carbon Retirement
o Climate Action Projects www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Climate-Action-Projects
Retrofitting of building and services upgrades
o Climate Action PartnershipsChurch, charitable, professional, funding
energy sector, government
Diocesan website
“The Diocese of London has launched an innovative programme of action to meet its target of cutting the energy use of churches across the Capital by at least 20.12% by 2012 and 80% by 2050.”
St Giles Cripplegate
Projects and plansProjects and plans
o 66 churches so far, beginning with Two Cities Area
o Grants plus parish contributions
o PurposesCO2 reductions, 20.12% by 2012, help towards 80% by 2050Mitigation of broader environmental impact
o Performance ratingsTotal carbon footprint, tonnes CO2e per year A to G for energy, carbon, water and waste
o Reports also includeAdvised improvements, feasible CO2 reductions
Action lists, budget costs
o Attractive, accessible, user-friendly
“This audit of the City Churches will not only benefit the City, it will also provide us with experience that we can develop for the whole diocese.” Michael Bye,
Director of Property
Environmental AuditsEnvironmental Audits
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Environmental-Audits
St Sepulchre Newgate
“Buildings ... are children of Earth and Sun.” Frank Lloyd Wright
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Generic-Building-Solutions
Generic Building SolutionsGeneric Building Solutions
Holy Trinity Sloane Street
GB Sols reportGB Sols report
St John Notting Hill
o Sharing the task
o ‘Apples and oranges’
o InputsEnergy use: electricity and fossil/solid fuelsSize, uses, occupancies
o OutputsBands and grades – energy, carbon, overall efficiencyContribution so farChurch-specific target
www.diablocrossfit.com
Energy-saving BenchmarkingEnergy-saving Benchmarking
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory/Leah B Garris
“Most building owners and operators lack basicinformation about how their properties performcompared to peers or best practices.
“Benchmarking to obtain this information is crucial as you make decisions about controlling energy use and costs.”
o Light bulb types and suppliers
o Main thermostat, zone/ radiator thermostats
o Hot water temperatures
o Boiler servicing
o Urns and kettles
o IT
o Doors and draughts
o Management and behaviour
o Lettings
www.argos.co.uk
“Find out how to cut utility costs and make your life greener in the process.”
‘Which’
Low and zero cost savingsLow and zero cost savings
o Parish annual returns40% of churches in London Diocese
Electricity, gas (and a few with oil) Annual totals, 2005 - 2010
o ConsumptionFell in 2006 and 2007, up 2008, 2009, very high 2010Highest to lowest: 2010, 2005, 2009, 2006, 2008, 2007After weather adjustment: 2005, 2006, 2009, 2007, 2008, 2010
o Weather-adjusted efficiency17% improvement in energy efficiency 10.7% improvement in emissions83.9 m kWh, down to 69.6m kWh21,220 tonnes CO2e, down to 18,960 tonnes
o Nuanced tips for management – see our report
Brighter Picture of Church Energy UseBrighter Picture of Church Energy Use
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-News
“We have good reason to persevere, saving energy, and costs, and carbon emissions too.”
St Giles-in-the-Fields
o Retrofitting
o Proposals from Audits or Generic Building Solutions
o Procurement models
o ‘Waterfall’/ ‘snowballs’? – pilots, then roll-out
o ‘Horizontal’ or ‘vertical’ schemes
o PAYS (Pay as you Save)?
o Short, medium or long-term loans
o Finance and security
o ‘Climate Action Trust’?
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=retrofit-old-buildings-green-nyc
“The federal stimulus package and the city's ambitious ‘green building’ initiative should provide a jobs bonanza for ... HVAC specialists.”
Climate Action ProjectsClimate Action Projects
o Renewables (low and zero carbon)o Solar photovoltaic cells, solar hot watero Wind turbineso Geothermal heat pumpso Biomass; biofuels; biogas (anaerobic digestion)o Combined (cooling) heat and power (C(C)HP)o Fuel cells; hydrogen power
Low and zero carbon technologiesLow and zero carbon technologies
o Other new technologieso LED lightingo Voltage power optimisationo Intelligent heating controlso Advanced heat recovery
Sir John Houghton
“Renewable energy has enormous potential. It just needs to be developed as quickly and effectively as possible ...
In the UK it is not being exploited on anything like the scale which is required.”
Solar panelsSolar panels
St Mary Islington
“Every energy economist I know acknowledges unreservedly that the cost of nuclear will continue to go up even as the cost of solar PV continues to come down. ”
Jonathon Porritt
o 24 sites complete so farChurches: St James Piccadilly, St John Brownswood Park, St
Mary Islington, St Silas Pentonville, St Hilda Ashford, All Hallows Hampstead, St George Southall;
Church halls: St Mary Spring Grove, St Aldhelm Edmonton, St Michael Wood Green; Hall and Vicarage: St John Wembley; 10 more parsonage housesC of E Primary School: St Mary FinchleyAlmshouses: St Mary Ealing
o Innovative solutionsSt Silas Pentonville, solar ‘slates’All Hallows Hampstead, membrane (roof valley)
o Priority listsChurches and clergy houses
Unlisted, not in conservation areas, south face towards rear
“It could ... be a wonderful world ... Its architectural forms could be richer, more varied, and more fantastic than those of any of the utopian visions we have seen so far.” Vincent Scully, 1980
Projects so farProjects so far
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Solar-Panels
St Mary Spring Grove
o Planning, priorities, strategic choices 2010-2011
o Basic energy reduction and retrofittingo Verifying 2012 target achievedo Demo development schemes 2012-2015
o Benchmarking established diocese-wideo Spin-offs, parish programmes 2016-2020
o c 150 churches remodelled 2021-2032
o Remaining churches, say 300 2033-2050
ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41E620EXY1L._AA280_.jpg
“We all know that signing up to an 80% cut by 2050 is the easy part. The hard part is meeting it, and meeting the milestones that will show we’re on track.”
The Rt Hon Ed Miliband former Secretary of State for Energy & Climate Change
ImplementationImplementation
o CapitalGrants, green loans, Green Investment Bank, Trusts,
the Green Deal
o RevenueFeed-in Tariffs, Renewable Heat Incentive,
Pay as you save eg the Green Deal
o Community energy schemes
o VAT
FinanceFinance
“The primary motive for a Christian church in ... upgrading buildings for improved energy efficiency and installing renewable energy generation should be to help care for God’s Creation.
Stewardship of resources ... (is an) important consideration ...
Financial viability may influence whether a scheme can go ahead, but so long as the capital can be raised and any repayments serviced reliably, yielding a return might well not be seen as the main incentive.”
www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Finance
o Solar PV, wind, hydro, anaerobic digestion, micro-CHPo Consultations and changeso Generation and export tariffso Standard tariff, reduced/standalone tariffo Energy efficiency requirement and EPCso Steps down by capacityo ‘Degressions’, max quarterlyo Multiple installations
o Index linkingo Scheme lifetime
http://savingandmore.com
“Through the use of FITs, DECC hopes to encourage deployment of additional small-scale (less than 5MW) low-carbon electricity generation, particularly by organisations, businesses, communities and individuals that have not traditionally engaged in the electricity market.”
DECC website
Feed-in TariffsFeed-in Tariffs
“The answer is ‘and’ … we need wind and we need solar and we need carbon capture and storage, and we need … policy change and we need a carbon tax, and we need all of these things …
“In relation to the kind of fights between the solar industry and the wind industry and the wave industry … these debates are ill-formed because actually the answer is ‘and’ – we need … all of these things, and I think you can also expand that out, we also need behaviour change …
“I see a huge amount of energy and innovation and very clever thinking in each of those areas. So I think we can get to a solution, a complete solution, but I think we have our work cut out on many fronts to do it.”
http://www.globalcool.org/
Caroline Fiennes, Global Cool Foundationwww.open2.net/creativeclimate/video_caroline_fiennes.html
““... A complete solution...... A complete solution...”?”?
o Shrinking the Footprintwww.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint
o News and eventswww.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-News
o God’s world for us to sharewww.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-World
o Route around the Worldwww.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Route-World
o Route 2050www.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Route-2050
o What we can dowww.london.anglican.org/Shrinking-the-Footprint-Action
Web linksWeb links
“We used to think that climate change was a problem for our grandchildren, then we found out it was a problem for our children, now we realise it is a problem for us.”
The Rt Hon Joan Ruddock MP
Improving the environmental Improving the environmental impact of buildingsimpact of buildings
Thanks for listening! Questions?
Brian Cuthbertson Head of Environmental Challenge, Diocese of London [email protected](020) 7932 1229
