Old Testament OverviewPart 2

Servants Preparation Course Fall 2013October 8, 2013

Simplified OT Timeline

Birth

of Chri

st

Creatio

n

Simplified OT Timeline

Birth

of Chri

st

Creatio

n

Abraha

m Moses

David

~5,000BC

2,000BC 1,500BC 1,000BC 02,500BC

Old Testament Table of Contents

TobitJudith1,2 Maccabees

Wisdom of Solomon

Wisdom of Sirach

Baruch

The Law

Historical Wisdom/Poetry

Major Prophets

Minor Prophets

Gen esi s

Exo dus

Lev itic us

Num

be rs

Deu ter ono m

y

The Pentateuch (Judaism: Torah)

Josh ua

Jud ges

Rut h

I Sa mu el

II S amu el

I Ki ngs

Neh em

iah

II King s

Esth er

Ezr a

I Ch ron icl es

II Chro nic les

Old Testament History

Job

Psa lms

Pro verb s

Ecc lesi aste s

Son g o f So ng s

Wisdom and PoetryIsai ah

Jere mia h

Eze kie l

Dan iel

Hos ea

Joel

Am

os

Oba dia h

Jon ah

Mic ah

Nah um

Hab akk uk

Zep han iah

Hag gai

Zec har iah

Mal ach i

The Minor Prophets

Mat the w

Mar k

Luk e

Joh n

Act s of the

Apo stle s

The Gospels and Acts

Rom

an s

I Co rin thia ns

II Corin thi ans

Gal atia ns

Eph esi ans

Phil ipp ian s

Col oss ians

I Th essa lon ians

II T hess alo nian s

I Ti mot hy

II T imo thy

Titu s

Phil emon

Heb rew

s

James

I Pe ter

II P eter

I Jo hn

II Jo hn

III J ohn

Jud e

Rev ela tion

Writings of the Apostles

Lamen tatio ns

The Major Prophets

1 Kings 1-11 1 Kings 12 - 2 Kings 17 2 Kings 18-25 Northern Kingdom United Kingdom

under Solomon Southern Kingdom of Judah

The Kingdom Years

The Kingdom YearsRead 1 Kings 11:1-3 (reference Deut. 17:14-

20) Read 1 Kings 11:9-13Result = Divided KingdomNorthern Kingdom = Israel (10 tribes)Southern Kingdom = Judah (Judah, Benjamin)

Southern Kingdom of Judah

19 Kings, 1 Queen

Northern Kingdom of Israel

19 KingsJerusalem

Category

Kings

Capital SamariaJudah & Benjamin Tribes Ten Northern TribesMost were unstable; some were good, some were bad

Legacy of Kings All were bad

Conquered by Babylon in 586 B.C. Fall Conquered by

Assyria in 722 B.C.Returned to the land Return No Return

KingsProphetic Perspective: Judgments

ChroniclesPriestly Perspective: Hope

Wars Prominent Temple ProminentHistory of thrones History of Davidic

lineIsrael & Judah Mostly JudahJeremiah the Prophet

Ezra the Priest

Pre-Exile Prophets

IsraelElijah

Elisha

Jonah

Amos

Hosea

JudahJoel

Isaiah

Micah

Nahum

Zephaniah

Habakkuk

Jeremiah (Pre and during)Obadiah

Exile ProphetsJeremiahEzekielDaniel

Post-Exile ProphetsHaggaiZechariahMalachi

Gen esi s

Exo dus

Lev itic us

Num

be rs

Deu ter ono m

y

The Pentateuch (Judaism: Torah)

Josh ua

Jud ges

Rut h

I Sa mu el

II S amu el

I Ki ngs

Neh em

iah

II King s

Esth er

Ezr a

I Ch ron icl es

II Chro nic les

Old Testament History

Job

Psa lms

Pro verb s

Ecc lesi aste s

Son g o f So ng s

Wisdom and PoetryIsai ah

Jere mia h

Eze kie l

Dan iel

Hos ea

Joel

Am

os

Oba dia h

Jon ah

Mic ah

Nah um

Hab akk uk

Zep han iah

Hag ga i

Zec har iah

Ma lach i

The Minor Prophets

Mat the w

Mar k

Luk e

Joh n

Act s of the

Apo stle s

The Gospels and Acts

Rom

an s

I Co rin thia ns

II Corin thi ans

Gal atia ns

Eph esi ans

Phil ipp ian s

Col oss ians

I Th essa lon ians

II T hess alo nian s

I Ti mot hy

II T imo thy

Titu s

Phil emon

Heb rew

s

James

I Pe ter

II P eter

I Jo hn

II Jo hn

III J ohn

Jud e

Rev ela tion

Writings of the Apostles

Lamen tatio ns

The Major Prophets

Captivity of Northern Kingdom

Israel (Northern Kingdom) was conquered by Assyrians in 722 BC and the scattered people were known as the “Lost Tribes of Israel”

Read 2 Kings 17:5-6

Never returned

Captivity of Southern Kingdom

Judah (Southern Kingdom) was eventually destroyed by Babylon in 586 BC and inhabitants were held in captivity (called the Exile or Babylonian Captivity) for 70 years.

Why seventy years of captivity? (See Leviticus 25:3-4 and Jeremiah 29:10) Read 2 Chronicles 36:21

Babylonian Exile

• The Babylonians killed the young men.

• Took all the articles from the house of God, the treasures of the king and of his leaders.

• Burned the house of God, all the king’s palaces, all houses in Jerusalem.

• Broke down the wall of Jerusalem.

• Carried the people to Babylon to serve the king of Babylon.

2 Kings 25:8-21; 2 Chronicles 36:17-21

Tears in Exile (Psalm 137)1 By the rivers of Babylon we sat and wept when we remembered Zion.

2 There on the poplars we hung our harps,

3 for there our captors asked us for songs, our tormentors demanded songs of joy; they said, “Sing us one of the songs of Zion!”

4 How can we sing the songs of the Lord while in a foreign land?

5 If I forget you, Jerusalem, may my right hand forget its skill.

6 May my tongue cling to the roof of my mouth if I do not remember you, if I do not consider Jerusalem my highest joy.

7 Remember, Lord, what the Edomites did on the day Jerusalem fell. “Tear it down,” they cried, “tear it down to its foundations!”

8 Daughter Babylon, doomed to destruction, happy is the one who repays you according to what you have done to us.

9 Happy is the one who seizes your infants and dashes them against the rocks.

Return to the Land~538 BC, the Babylonian

empire fell and was replaced by the Persian empire.

Persian King Cyrus allowed return of Jews to the land.

Jews came back in 3 waves

Post-exile term coming from the word

“Judah”

Gen esi s

Exo dus

Lev itic us

Num

be rs

Deu ter ono m

y

The Pentateuch (Judaism: Torah)

Josh ua

Jud ges

Rut h

I Sa mu el

II S amu el

I Ki ngs

Neh em

iah

II King s

Esth er

Ezr a

I Ch ron icl es

II Chro nic les

Old Testament History

Job

Psa lms

Pro verb s

Ecc lesi aste s

Son g o f So ng s

Wisdom and PoetryIsai ah

Jere mia h

Eze kie l

Dan iel

Hos ea

Joel

Am

os

Oba dia h

Jon ah

Mic ah

Nah um

Hab akk uk

Zep han iah

Hag gai

Zec har iah

Mal ach i

The Minor Prophets

Mat the w

Mar k

Luk e

Joh n

Act s of the

Apo stle s

The Gospels and Acts

Rom

an s

I Co rin thia ns

II Corin thi ans

Gal atia ns

Eph esi ans

Phil ipp ian s

Col oss ians

I Th essa lon ians

II T hess alo nian s

I Ti mot hy

II T imo thy

Titu s

Phil emon

Heb rew

s

James

I Pe ter

II P eter

I Jo hn

II Jo hn

III J ohn

Jud e

Rev ela tion

Writings of the Apostles

Lamen tatio ns

The Major Prophets

Return to the LandEzra: Book of Ezra continues where 2 Chronicles

left off. Now the Jews have been freed and the first wave is coming back to rebuild the temple. Three returns back to Israel. (In the beginning, Ezra is not there, just giving a history)

1st return under Zerubabbel (536 BC): Ezra 2:1, 64-65 (42,360 Jews plus 7,337 servants)

Return to the LandStart rebuilding the temple (Ezra 3:3, 8-10) but are

discouraged by their enemies (Ezra 4) and work on the temple stops for 16 years until God sends Haggai and Zechariah (Ezra 5:1, Haggai 1-2, Zechariah 1:1-3)

2nd return under Ezra (458 BC): (Ezra 7:6-10) Ezra tries to restore the people spiritually and teach

theme the laws and statutes of God.3rd return under Nehemiah (444 BC) (Nehemiah

comes to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem)

1st Return under Zerubbabel & rebuilding Temple

Ezra 1-6

Ezra 7-10

Events of Book of Esther

2nd Return under Ezra 3rd Return under Nehemiah & rebuilding walls

Book of Esther

Book of Nehemiah

538-516 B.C.

473 B.C.

458-457 B.C.

445-444 B.C.

IsaiahSaw the Northern Kingdom of

Israel taken into Captivity at the hands of Assyria

JeremiahSaw the Southern Kingdom of

Judah taken into Captivity at the hands of Babylon

Foretold of the judgments that would come in the future

Explained the reasons for the judgments Judah was experiencing

Looks primarily to the future Looks primarily to the present

25 - 32 33 - 48

Ezekiel’s call (1-2) Judgment (3-7) Temple (8-11) Judgment (12-14) Pictures (15-19) Judgment (20-23) Pictures (24)

Amon Moab Edom Philistia Tyre Sidon Egypt

Watchman (33)

Restoration (34-37)

Gog & Magog (38-39)

New Temple (40-48)

Oracles against Judah Oracles against Nations Oracles of Salvation

1 - 24

8:1

Written in the Third Person Written in the First Person

Seven Historical Narratives

Four Prophetic Visions

Written in Aramaic Written in Hebrew

Prophetic History relating to the Gentiles Prophetic History relating to the Jews

ConclusionWhy should I study the Old Testament?

Great characters that we can learn fromGet to know the character of GodThe New Testament cannot be completely understood

without understanding the Old Testament25 Then He said to them, “O foolish ones, and slow

of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken! 26 Ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into His glory?” 27 And beginning at Moses and all the Prophets, He expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself. (Luke 24:25-27)