Old Regime Section I. The Ancien Régime 1301-1800 A.D French for old order Political and social...
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Transcript of Old Regime Section I. The Ancien Régime 1301-1800 A.D French for old order Political and social...
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Old Regime Section I
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The Ancien Régime
• 1301-1800 A.D • French for old order • Political and social system of France prior to the French Revolution
• Under the regime, everyone was a subject of the king of France as well as a member of an estate and province
• There was no national citizenship.
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The Estates• “those who pray, those who fight and those who work”
.:Clergy, Nobles, Commoners:.
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lettres de cachet• Arbitrary arrests • Critics think it was evidence of royal tyranny • Punching relatives who potentially threatened
status and stability. – Diamond Necklace Scandal • 1780s• Queen Marie Antoinette• Adultery
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Villages• Population of :200-500 • Coqs du village- ran the village• The church was a place for all to come together
• Restif de la Bretonne– Wealthy peasent– Father was a coqs du village• Daddy Bretonne did “dignified” task such as plowing• Left humble tasks to women and hired staff
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Cities• 25% of the 18th century French population.
• Despite all the economic differences, all the men drank together, the women went to the market together and the children played in the streets.
• 10-20% of the population was beggars, prostitutes and criminals.
• Most of the cities were poor– This was the main residence for bourgeoisie
– On occasion the nobles would reside here
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Map of Paris circa 1700
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Nobles• Highest level of France’s social pyramid
• Two groups– Nobless d’epp – Noblesse de la robe
• Were 2% of the country’s population• Owned 25% of the land• Fairly well educated and cultured
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Clergy • Only males could become preists • 50,000 nuns– Taught in girls school – Acted as nurses
• Cures saw to the spiritual needs of the community– Weddings– Funerals– Birth and death records– Connection to the outside world– Treated poorly by the hierarchy
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The Church • "France is the eldest daughter of the church"
• Divine Right• Symbolic power Catholic monarch • The King was believed to be able to cure scrofula by the laying on of his hands– "the king touches you, but god heals you"
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New Ideas• Enlightenment– “the rights of humanity”– 1787: widespread
• Began in 1685• Louis XIV sent French Protestants to Dutch Republic, Great Britain and Prussia
• Persian Letters(1721): Charles-Louis de Secondat
• Newton(1720s-1730s)• Letters Concerning the English Nation(1733):Voltaire
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• 1750 philosophes had taken up the ideals of the enlightenment
• Challenge the rights of the government and catholic church
• Was known internationally• French Government exiled and imprisoned the writers and banned the literature.
• Neighboring countries took exiles in with open arms
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• The thirst for writings of the enlightenment defeted all atempts to ban and censor the works
• By 1770s the king’s minsiters were followers
• Voltaire and Rousseau were two of the biggest writers
• “We will speak against senseless laws until they are reformed; and, while we wait, we will abide by them.”
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• Some claim the Enlightenment cause the French Revolution
• Rousseau NEVER advocated for revolution
• Turgot, Louis’ XVI chief minister, secretly wrote for the Encyclopedia
• The DOI was a model for the French DOR (July-Aug 1789)
• The United State did many other things that France followed.
• Assembly of Notables– Parliament of Paris was asked for help
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.:The End:.