(OLD) Journey to the Center of the Earth
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Transcript of (OLD) Journey to the Center of the Earth
![Page 1: (OLD) Journey to the Center of the Earth](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022100600/554e983cb4c90526358b5259/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Journey to the Journey to the Center of the Earth!Center of the Earth!
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• When the Earth first formed gravity pulled most of the heavy materials to the center of the Earth
• Lighter materials “floated” to the surface of the Earth
• As a result of gravity, the Earth separated into four main layers
The Layers of the EarthThe Layers of the Earth
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• The thinnest layer of the Earth
–On average it is:• 3 miles thick under the oceans• 19 miles thick under the continents
The CrustThe Crust
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•• There are two main types of crust:There are two main types of crust:– Continental Crust
• Thicker than oceanic crust– Up to 35 miles thick
• Least dense layer in the Earth
– Oceanic Crust• Much thinner than continental crust• Slightly more dense than continental crust
The CrustThe Crust
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Nobody has ever drilled through the crust
The CrustThe Crust
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CrustCrust
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The MantleThe Mantle• Made up of heavier materials than the
crust.
• Slightly liquid– Similar to silly putty or play-dough
• The largest layer in the Earth
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• Asthenosphere
– A layer of the mantle just beneath the crust.
• The asthenosphere is more fluid than the rest of the mantle.
The MantleThe Mantle
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• Mohorovi čić Discontinuity
– Also known as: the border between the mantle and the crust.
– Called the “Moho” for short
– Named after Andrija Mohorovičićwho located the border.
The MantleThe Mantle
http://www.earthscrust.org/earthscrust/science/historic/img/mohorovicic.gif
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MantleMantle MohoMoho
THICK LIQUIDTHICK LIQUID
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Outer CoreOuter Core• Located 1,800 miles beneath the surface
• Mainly made out of liquid iron and nickel
– The liquid iron moving around in the outer core creates the Earth’s magnetic field.
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Outer Outer CoreCore
LIQUIDLIQUID
(Iron & Nickel)(Iron & Nickel)
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• Located 3,200 miles beneath the surface
• Made from solid iron and nickel
• Very, very hot, but stays solid because the entire Earth is pushing down on the inner core.
Inner CoreInner Core
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Inner CoreInner CoreSOLIDSOLID
(Iron & Nickel)(Iron & Nickel)
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Inner Inner CoreCore
Outer Outer CoreCore
MantleMantle MohoMohoCrustCrust
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How Do We Know?How Do We Know?• No one has even drilled through the crust,
so how do we know what the layers are?
– Earthquakes cause waves to go through the center of the Earth
– Scientists use earthquake waves like a submarine uses SoNAR.
• The waves bounce off the layers and tell scientists where a boundary is located
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Heat in the EarthHeat in the Earth• The temperature in the center of the Earth
gets up to about 10,000°F
• Where does that heat come from?
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Where Does the EarthWhere Does the Earth ’’s s Heat Come From?Heat Come From?
1. Heat from when the Earth formed� Comets & Meteors striking the Earth
2. Radioactive Elements in the Earth� They decay and release huge amounts of heat.
3. Gravity pulling elements towards the center of the Earth
� Friction between materials rubbing against each other.