Old Coptic Text Reconsidere

7/29/2019 Old Coptic Text Reconsidere

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ORIENTALIA LOVANIENSIAANALECTA6 I

$

Coptology:

Studies n Honour of RodolpheKasser

EDITED BY

S. GIVERSEN- M. KRAUSE, P. NAGEL

Past,' resent.,ndFuture

OFFPRINT

UITGEVERIJPEETERSLEUVENr994


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AN OLD COPTICTEXT RECONSIDERED:PGM 94 FF.*HELMUT SATZINGER Wien

The Paris Magical Papyrus (pBibl. Nat. suppl. gr. 574; translations: Preisen-danz 1933: 64ff.; Betz 7986: 36ff.) is an impressive collection of prescriptionstor various kinds of magical practice, ncluding divination, black magic, and lovespells. It is a book of 72 pagesmade up of 18 sheets.The first two and the lasttwo pagesare left blankr, and the same s true of p. 6 and fol. 16 (pp. 31-32).Commentators agree in general that the text was compiled in the fourth century. \D. and probably n i ts i i rs t ha lP.

ln general. he languageof the texts is Greek. In the beginning, however, thereare a numher oi Old Coptic texts (cf. Haardt 1949: 3; Satzinger 7984: 139r,,: - i: Sr:zinger 1991: 170no. 1.5).often nterspersed ith Greekpassages:A.3,1 , - ' = i l r l I 11. - -1r :magica lnamesr :B. l l . 5-10 (= fol . 2 ' l l . l -7): magicalr,ar-ri:. "ith Greek remark: C. ll. l1-15 (= fol. 2'11.7-2I): old Coptic ncantarion.. i Osi r r : ' : D. l l . l_ i -_ i l = fo l . I ' l l . 22-11). ndE, 11.52- iZ = fol . 2 '11.48-5i andI 11 . -11 t :Greekp rescr i p t i ons ;, 11 . 3 -11 = fo l . 2 ' l l . 12 -16 ) ,G,11 .18 -82= fo1. ' ] . ] t . 11-21).H, l l . 83-85(= fol . 2 '11.22-24), I , l l . 86-87(= fol . 2 '11.25-16 . and K. ll. 88-93 (= fol. 2'11.27-32): short Old Coptic spells, ntroducedbyGieek terts. In line 94 is the beginning of what is by far the most important of therl-d CoF,ric e-.tsof this papyrus, and the most attractive of the Old Coptic textsr:- :i::r;. ' L. l1 9+-112= fol. 2'11.33-54 and 2. 11. -7).The contentsof the textir - ; r.Ith.r lengthr lore spell embedded n a mythological frame. The topic of;ne iarier is Osiris'adultery with Nephthys, and the other deities immediatelyinr oh ed are Isis and Thoth who is here regarded as her fatherT.Three more textsIollou. r'l,- two Old Coptic love spells that are each concluded by a Greekrenrark: {. 11. 23-13'7= fol.2 ll.8-22), and N + P, l l. 138-146 = fol. 2 11.23--:1,: and anotherOld Coptic love spell: Q, ll. 147-153 = fol. 2'11. 32-38). The

- i ; . rc,R.u. l i , tcJ1 hdtteDirgernzudieserschrinenGelegenheiteinenneuenkoptischenDialekt-.'-;':. r'r,.r': ther leider ltatte ich keinen zur Verfugung Der PGM kitJtsich fu r diesenZweck meines-Er.i. fgr;-i ,,iclt betiit-en, spricht doch hier nach meiner Uberzeugungnicht ein "Kopte", sonderneitt Grieclrc' \ichtsdestoweniger haben hier echte r)gyptische diome ihren indirekten Nieder-schlag gefiuden Moge diese kleine Studie Dein Interesse finden! H' Thou-eh four lines of magic words were later addedI Cf Meyer 1985: 194.r The numbering by letters of the individual texts follows Erman 1883.- See above,note 1.' For this, seenow DuQuesne1991a;DuQuesne1991b.6 For these, see he overviews in Satzinger 1984: 138-139; Satzinger 1991: 169-1j0.I Cf Krikosy 1963: 125 and n. 14; also Bleeker 1913: 1,15.


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214 H. SATZINGERremaining texts are all in Greek (except or a short Old Coptic passage nll.1237-1239) and therefore outside the scope of this study. Actually, it is only the OldCoptic texts in ll. 94-153 that will be considered here. The language and thealphabetof these exts (i.e., L to Q) seem o be consistent o a sufficient degree oallow them to be analysed together. This is not true though, of the Old Coptictexts preceding . 948.

The present study is based on a new transcription of the text. It is basedprimarily on the photographs that accompany Erman's 1883 article. This tran-scription was collated with the original in the Bibliothdque National in Paris inMarch 1985. The entire text of ll. 94-153 is given below, including an annotatedtranslation.$ Hce nerluioy r.tnrooy r'rvepe Once" sis came rom the desert t noon nr.r cu ver66y i (95)6oi6 ei l rc. x) . eMpHe6rf ic x i 66vovanecrcut (96)eooy[r] d eTe6f'r'r6 p r 6 cie6e(c. 6e epci e66pt (97)Hclel[e] f6oy xi 6oi6 r i r r . i ev pf ii ec iv(98 ) v . Nre6en rco op r r .NepMooyN I C T Cne63c (99) ueql 6e r. rapoi r ' rnai6yt' neN e6oyr. neNeeo(100)[oyr] naioyre Ieo . ^ i reNr ap6 r dnc i ve

a i r c [ r ] ve 101 ) . . . l +q . 6e(P nevce NBoq)eceNKl rKe MeNoYlc l lP l(102) . . . . n lecor ' r n6e r ' r rav6oyN e v i i

r 'repirc [e]nai6y'r (105) n.r.n]e99oyr.nenaoo6yr. i lrioyr.oy"."i l-, a.norc 106) cbl&f rener6eq r . r ic 6e r


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AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED:PGM 94FF 215l131- 107) reecurc] . pf ic r .u.r6 nevf r .o l' lc Uld t{ N).Bq)T

nd the oy6lr (108) oye]ecr . rHedv(r ) NvSoyI \l rce to 6e6i n iq ee,rq ni eea,q

Coptic r109) r[a] rl6aa'a,oy6' r.r6vr' nlN I T I B C ' N B C N I T T E

h r c a . t l 1 0 t l e r p l e e M o y r ' r u 6 r ' r o y l e rL' d 5trL l ' _H B e N r f l e N I T P e, tran- ,. - :l - ' . ' , l I I t eq [ rHrc l . r6c0qq66ove r . rp6 raI r I s n . ' , : - - ' . . ^ , : ,. qoPo N i l eB^ r l c l ( r r l ) [ e j q ) , c r ( l ) oYn t 2 f F d i l f i e q B N I T T Ir / - . _e N r t N M o q e H Tmn in ccbn (113 )f t ygg 6 r ' r ecN6e rvoyc ipeu e i q r e N c 6 u e 'rs ull

untog i th d ,n lq u fe r t c l re re r r116 r o l3 re N ie r

, errua5. lTo' t pHi enne, le6 Ncerrr \ O U fIII. 13

. { 'TC C -T \n t l s T r [ ] , T A K o l T t ( l t b ) N e e ^ n t N e H N N t M 'i { F I C C I C N I M .' r 6 j ' r r iH r (119 ) . r v6c i r . u i i . rN rv

h o t h . e x e c t e u i vl rcr i r rnereN(120)r6orc. eroor.'Lrm- g - 9..nreTi lPoJc P(r ) r reTeNxHc exHT. . r h l l l r n e r e N e c H o y r . r c r v 6 e N r H o y, r l t l l r rooY NT. \ e r r r l l l t r r o ' r r r r i r e e x e r uI I I V T l o \ H o ' \ ' T r o Y N o Y: - - - " - ' . y - -r i 6o'f l6a.NepcDoy nllxi i 6er , _ t u . 4r, {H [{ o}'nq) Ke.t t n s t l r d c r e r . r o y r t N t M e M e c t e N t M .. - .L ' re r r .ycuy6c (125) e6orT i lE \ l r ' "l t ) t n -

e F r e c r eN l M .6e eN rc16 (126)cr NTo ar.r cn6yp clr rn6yp' r i r i ' r r K.aNoyTTeq|i (121 n\r


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2 1 6 H SATZINGERnep6 oycep oyeNiBpe King OsirisOnnophris,i ra, nnecLr (129) r'rnro rH pq who hasgiven (?)ttarousinguoo the wholeearth, a. Th6 ereNeLcr NQHr Nrrv' eve(130)cre thatyoumayarouseheheart f NN whom - ,NrM. NN hasbom, rntroou6eei6uvr NereNnecAr epor enrv that may know'uwhat s in her heart n =\ounJ(131)evecre Ntu rel lrnooy respecto me (and) o NN whom NN has -[her cborn,here,** oday! TTTC

lU.-i66 ((132-131 in Greek:) If a largeamountof saliva orms in your mouthasyou speak,under- a_. Iidrstand hat she s distressed nd wants o talk with you; if you yawn frequently.she wants =\ounto come o you. But if you sneeze wo timesor more, she s in goodhealthand s retum- -. - -;;ing to whereshe ives; if you have a headachend arecrying,she s distressedr even xneLto(dying. nT. t'. ixi . l !plr.(138)$ 6oi ern6 rueLce n66i r.rca, Riseup ro heaven. rousePshoy 'theHigh tr . Tlr6.r.n6t One'?1 fter heLady. ..;: ec6oi(139) enNoyN Ne|-cr r.rocuye.Nce Riseup to the abyss.ArouseThothafter ;. -\lN.).eiN Nabin ?). htrr,her'r6|-cr 140) tQH'r r.rnrrc6 neov. cbn Arouse he heartsof the two butls,Apis -:t:-M e N M N e y t a n d M n e v i s . - 3 - ' 0 ' i(141)r.rel-cr r.rQur r.roycrpr l'rce Hcr' Arouse he heartof Osirisafter sis. r3FnisiNelce. (142) r.rnpn r.rce noyoiru. Arouse he heartof the Sun after he ight. 'J- eNelce wlOHf (143) .u.r tMMecre t t iv . ArousetheheartofNwhomNNhasborn r l reotNcf,.NrM.eMecte NtM. afterNN whomNN hasbom! r-. rhe Ila.-k of(144-146, n Greek:) (Say) thesethings on behalf of women. But when (you are - Tspeaking)about women, then speak, conversely,so as to arouse he femalesafter the : .'males. --- ----^J f' o

(147)$ 6e e66rne ecc6. e66rne So whether hedrinks,whether he eats,ecoy6 rve66ne (148)ecl.rrci-r(DT.MeN reoy6 whether hesleepswith someone ise,eiene6p eet' Hc (149) rreneep i[EAr I will bewitchher heart and bewitch herheartand bewitch her breath and bewitch her365 membersand bewitch her withdrawing (?)** innerpart, wherever wish,rvuntil she comes o me and I know what isin her heart,what she does,and of what she hinks-

quickly,quickly,at once,at once!

lrrene6p rrcrHoy r.rreneep (150)rec6ovre r . r6ece rH Kea. lT ; . r reep ' i lecxoyN (151) o ' iH iN M I N l . M A , I6ar . r reci ipo i r ' r ra , ' i vr152) nerevnecf i r6ec9 oy MeN rTerecygyl epoq(153 ) e ru r6 r r r r6 r r r royNoyTroYNoY

s ?PX

h. tli . oi . \' - ia-b:k .1 .m-

li-ne-Te6et-rrst

n . Im e . s

o . Ip .

of ou97, nc[6] thegloss is preserved. 98, r' r drd: what s rendered ereasa gloss couldperhapsalso be an accent: ruldre. - 103, ruapdH Te: actually, here s a spacebetweend and u:N ) , p e H T .


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the whole\\ whomr heart inn \N has

lk. under-shewants1a erum-i or even

'fie Highir-rthafterlls. ApisI . .rhr h-sht.hr;rrbom

\ ou areilier the

,lni eats,i . \ ' .it;h hernih her'' rnnern hat isI[ \ -

perhapsand u: ;

AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF 2r'7Comments

a. This is not a Cleft Sentence pace Meyer 1985: 196; 1986: 39) but rather theintroductory construction #Noun + ne + Relative Clause# which is a variant of=\oun + rTe + Clause of Circumstance#, and others (cf. Shisha-Halevy 1989: 106).Thel' can be found in various communications; e.9., n business exts: rteNrcDTnTcz} . r NnqgHpe NN. BKU I I I .367; rTKoMec neqczrT N-NN. . . . BKUm.-166 (orders of oil and wine, resp.). These constructions can be traced back as fara-s liddle Egyptian where #Noun + pw + Circumstantial Form# (more rarely=\oun + pv, + Participle#) serve a similar purpose; cf. the introductory wording ofrhe EloEtent Peasant, s pw wn(.w), I-Iw-n-jnpw rn.f 'there was once a man whosenf,rne \\'as Kh.', or the Shipwrecked Sailor's first answer to the Serpent (line 89),' . i , { -p i '/ r l - l .A r r rb j ) . . . ' (wha thappened i s tha t ) I hadse tou t to themines . . . ' .

b. The text has here definitely er-, but a clause of circumstance s expected,. ; _ - - c - .

; -Li[hlrugh an erpression for 'being covered' is the first guess, his is proba-:,y -:ie ,lueJitrtiveof gtooye, 'to become dry', gtoycuoy. As 0 is represented:'y o1 m ourte\l in several nstances seebelow, Appendix 2), doy couldhere:i:{-r=nr * 6 o}'oYoY (Stlurl).

,i - exgH br metathesisof epMH, which is the characteristicB form, whereas-.h,eorher dialects have -mie, -m!e. The metathesis mentioned is probably a mistake,a' rhe plural iorm is given without metathesis in line 98 : e pv o oy. Here, again,ia;k of the ! is characteristicor B (epvcuoyr, as againstS puerooye, etc.).e. Lit. 'her eres bein-eunder tears etc.'

f. One n'ould expect exoytl or exoyN._. eprec- probably erroneously for dprec, or rather 6pec ehr6s, SBtprc. tfl e?pec- 'tos'ardsher face', ' in front of her' (cf. Griff ith 1900: 91).h. If the /r sigrr is to be taken serious this is an instance of the 2eq- Perfect.i . One uould expectexpo or ) .xPo._i . -\fter rlf o= + pronoun, one might expect the First Present,Tedo\, cf. CD'-ia-b: numerous New Testamentexamples can be found in Wilmet 1951 32-34.k. Erpected forms: eiru or the like.t. Erprectedorms: xi or xa.rm. \\-es:eh'thought he could see rrM),NrredeNTco at the beginning of the

[nne. >ee Griffith 1900: 91. What I saw in the original resembles a TTMCDN-T6NTcJ. though the v seems rather shallow. The present rendering of thetrnt lereme by "cloth" is a mere guess.

n. Read N2epoT xn (paceMeyer 1985: 196; 1986: 39), l i t. 'not by reasonofnle . seeCD 633a (c).

o. For the vocalization of ].Nf,.-, see Fecht 1960: 209-210.p. Read Bana'; see below, Appendix 2, for examples of rendering the 0 sound

of our text bv o.


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218 H, SATZINGERq. The feminine form of the nisba adjective irj is either *e I pe Ae (in personal

name Toerpe, see Osing 1916: I.315; II.463) or *a,pel ar6! (see Osing 1976:I.3I4; II.463). Hence, ead probably rl.).per. - Read drucive.

r. Read [ruoy)]+cpcpde? - What I saw in the papyrus looked rather likell+qrde.The reading4c;-lede is due to Revil lout, see Griff ith 1900: 91; cf.S lcu6e 'to hide'. An example of S 6: B x is found in the line before, but in thiscase it is represented by rc. Therefore it is hard to believe that the above readingis right. S *.ucg 'to intrude', or oJx 'thief' may be considered.de may also beregarded as the introductory particle of the following sentence.

s. #Proper Name + Clause of Circumstance#,one of the introductory con-structionsalluded to in note (a).

t. ferc n]e-? More letters seem o be needed.u. Taking the phrase as the transformation of an underlying utterance,*oycrpe (ne) nge t t r : .veey ruvva,T 'Osi r is and I are the chi ldrenof mymother ' (?) .Cf , e.g, .NoN a.e rHpl .r r . rvvarc Zcu


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personalns 1976:rther iket : 9 l ; c f .,ut n this: reading'" alsobeLrn- COn-

Iierance,n of my.ind you\ clauserher was

e longernes 149j , Also

and Fnprove-esentedOne s).)'xc.)

e Nrq( r Ne ,qthus to: ii1 n).

AN OLD COPTICTEXT RECONSIDERED:PGM 94FF 2t9hh. As rrc:.rr/rrcere is a definite noun, it cannot be an apposition to the

rrJef in i teoylK: hence ocal ive.ii . Erman was the first to equate rclre with B raf 'to understand' (Crum

nl3a notes wo casesof rclf exeN-,'to know about'); i f this were right, one",eould xpecteither KlTr or Kere; cf. clrt/cere. Crum 224aregards rc*ei) ihe verb NKorK, NKore'to sleep, o l ie down', and compares he expression",,. irhxuputov frp. &,p,' f lii . One is tempted to regard - as a decendentof the Egyptian4eeus-introduc- Irrrr\ l/-. though the latter seemsalready to be extinct in Demotic.

kli. This word is puzzling. ot (no trema!) is one of the presentationsof o inrhis text, seebelow. This is confirmed by the gloss, cu. Thus, the word seems or-present a noun bo1h. This is not a likely Coptic form. Identification with.-(qcure. BcDTe,B qcuf 'sweat' (so already Griffith 1900: 90) is a likely guess:hoth the indication of a glottal stop and that of a final h may be overcorrectionsti a Greek-speaker to whom both soundsare alien).

l l Read pH hre!.nrnr. \ote the frequentuse of eru, r'r, ru in' (also in lines lll-121,123) which

1> rlther archaic eature; 6n, 6xer'r, 6er.r ben is found in l ines 1'I3, l2l,153.nn. -\lthough nrc:.rr.rcotrl lacks an initial l.r-, it is probably parallel to"hean' . ' l iver ' , 'navel ' , and'bel ly ' . The female sexualpaf is may be expectedrn this enumeration, and such a taboo expression is likely not to be attestedtrrherwise.The word in question may be a reduplicated *rcure. For the pre-.tress vocalization rlr:.- cf . above, note n. For an etymology, cf. hieroglyphic.ir. with the same meaning; actually, a derivative form has to be assumed hatpreserved he t, lost otherwise since the end of the Old Kingdom (but cf. also5 oore. ore . Tore, etc., womb, vagina', from hieroglyphic dt.). The wordK).T:'Korrr reminds one of the strangeooptlKotrlv in Dioscorus' Greek-Copticglossary u'here it is said to mean the same as ru6qopoq and rarqoq (glossrx)e(rpoq)= rcenrpoq), iz. fir(rx. The editors deduce rom the context that "wehave here some hitherto unknown slang use of the word", which is otherwiserecorded only in the sense the sparrow' but thought to mean here 'the womb'rBell-Crum 1925: 205-206). As the following three entries seemto mean 'mem-brum virile', xlx and its alleged Greek equivalents may as well be words for' r agina' .

oo. Le., nth glossnthOp p . L e . ,S x e a n t n e .qq. See Griffith 1900: 92 for Demotic parallels for the use of the plural of H I.rr. Read (er) de unl,l i t. 'who speak ruth'.ss. See CD 442b for reyo= exN-, 'to say, pronounceupon'.tt. i could be the very rare perfect participle form, S a2-, non-literary Theban

egr-. For this, cf. CD 24a (Ep 544); Roquet 1918: 537 (#7-8); then, ra is forT-, t- , or, if absolutestate s assumed omitting the following N-), B (etc.) ro,F (etc.) >,.

West-


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H SATZINGER

uu. Readnehsi,as n the following.For theuseof similar t signs n otheroldCoptic exts,see hesurvey n Satzinger 991:1i3.vv. Readd e eT (e)ev v r (N-) or similar(ThirdFurure).ww. reT is, of course, B r.rT (paceMeyer1985: 9i;1986: 40); seeGrif-fith 1900:92.xx. Read e)royHi (S-oye, infinitive).yy. 152 wv:.ruevei ' in (any)place l ike' , as Erman1883: 106 sensedalready. eealsoHaardt196311964:98;atzinger9l5:43 for ).M)., as arela-tive form. cf. in Middle Egyptian,m swt.f nbt mrt.f in al l his placeswhichhe may like' (prospectiveelativeform, see Polotsky1976: 13) Cffin TextsVII.128d.Thephrasemaybe a contracted.r a ru v :,v.1,[.I want o repeat nopinionexpressedn otheroccasionsSatzinger 984:r45:Satzinger 99r: 171): it seems ery natural o assumehat the writer of the textwas not a nativespeakerof Coptic but rathera Greek-speaker.he text presentsmore hanone diom. This can be seenmostclearlywherea word showsa dif-ferent orm whenbeing epeated: rorr rrf,.Te l. 122:or where t is glossedna di f ferentorm: r lc l rr , gloss tcer l . l l4; MN-,glossnev- l . 101.Oneof the dioms nvolved s obviously eryclose o B. Herearesome elevantorms(in theorderof theiroccurrence):ackof r in (ie)deN,c l.1.96; lack of ! ineMpH1.9l andNepMooy l. 98 (see bove, ote d)); n)erva(eooyr). l . 99;min rc f t lue/g lossr rv ) r l . 100;Nev l . 101; ueva=Tl .102;Ts ryNr . 106;oyoN-1.107: ' e . laoyd '1 . 109; acko fz in ovr . l . 109;ut= j l . 113;pHrl . 116. l l ; unl l . 123; ackof ini t iale- in cuoy l . l2 j ; eievvl (S erve,e r M M , a v e ;M t M e ;A v v e ; L e r v e , v v e ; F ( e ) l v r ; B e u l ; c f .W e s -tendorf 49+504):rce.a.r . 150. n respect o phonology,note n particular hatthere s a b [x] sound,spelled , which correspondso B y, but not to A g (seedoid 5oi5l. 94.97which s B cgutr


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AN OLD COPTIC TEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF

Appendix IUse of various ft signs and how ft sounds are rendered

221

; seeGrif

,as a rela-ces whichffin Texts

984: 145;f the textt presentsrws a dif-;lossedn101.Oneant fomsck of i in.r ' ) .1. 9;r l . 106;l 1 3 ; p u iS e l v e ,cf. Wes-rrlar thatA 2 (seed alsoFractens-eclgloss, 1 . l O 2 ;r l . 1 1 1 ;.r,ru- l.rs not aoM mayrny rate,he more'non-lit-andone

a ( ? )

1 plus' or

with e or Q

with e or Qplusor

b = b ( r b > 5 ) o t h e r s(ru-)epoi99 neep 150encr ve 100 ,r . r c rve121eneur,r 107PHi l 7ur 1526ov 95 eprec 96 j^94 -Er126edu 91, 175 irex 100 e6yru 96ea.cbe115 r.repdH103 epd 96N6cr 124 r . rapirc 04 eN 113(r . r - )dvr109 ne6p 148,l4gfu(N- ) i rpe 110 i po i 151eF.'r 172,Ar 130Hdoyrur 121r.a.xii 123e6 ' rnc 95, edn 1536t'nc 148Neclr 128Netci 129,l3gbi" l4lrueLce 138,t4r,742 yx94

. - , T X( t t ) e H 1 1 8eyen 1221oyr.r150xei-rn 9'7 ft>,94-eN1f ic120ey{r 72Oe16n 121e.a.1ii 123elooyr 96,ggbk, (r.r)eea,ni tg105r'"-$nr I I7, 129, (N-)BH 18r40, 4r, r420Neeecu 01[ o y e ] e c n H edv( r ) 108ifoir 149 ]/


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222 H. SATZINGERAppendix 2The o sounds

I

I

r@b

l tulFIfErN(1TEm((&5 F :tsrr t h

Coptico

spelledc) oY o r 9 o

S a , Mo

e,ecur 107 (glossor )ecrcr-roy 112ea,


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!o^ 100p'o(=), glossLlO(brs)

o ' 1 4 7ilo(r),oss .106

,xooy 98,oYT pas-IryHr 121lo l 138) t 1 J 6

_ no. 1063riously hisrsser 1964)undin the

AN OLD COPTTCTEXT RECONSIDERED: PGM 94FF 223Appendix 3Analysisof the glossesll

-eloss : i


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224 H. SATZINGERFuxr (Wolf-Peter) 1991.Formen und Funktionen des interlokutiven NominalsaizesndenkoptischenDialekten.Languesorientalesanciennes. hilologie et linguistique3,t -75.GRrnrtrHFrancis lewellyn)1900.The Old CopticMagicalTextsof Paris.AZ 38, 85-93.Gntpprru FrancisLlewellyn) 1901a.The Date of the Old Coptic Texts andtheir Relationto Christian optic.A239,'78-82.GzupprruFrancis leweltyn)1901b.The Old CopticMagicalTexts of Paris.AZ 39, 86.Hea.npr (Robert) 1948. Versucheiner altkoptischenGrammatik (Dr. phil. Dissertation,University of Vienna).Ha.qRrr (Robert) 1963|1964.ResidualeRelativformen m Altkoptischen.Wiener Zeit-schrift iir die KundedesMorgenlandes9/60,95-98.Keur-s(PaulE.) 1954.Bala'izah.CopticTexts rom Deir el-Bala'izahn UpperEgtpt.KArosv (Ldszl6)1963.Problems f the Thot-cult n RomanE-e1'pt. cta -\rchaeologica

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