Old BabylonianTexts in the Schøyen Collectioneprints.soas.ac.uk/24430/1/CUSAS36FrontMatter.pdf ·...

Cornell University Studies inAssyriology and Sumerology

(CUSAS)

Volume 36

MANUSCRIPTS

IN

THE

SCH

O

/

YEN

COLLECTION

CUNEIFORM

TEXTS

XI

Old BabylonianTexts in the Schøyen Collection

Part One

Selected Letters

by

A. R. George

CDL PressBethesda, Maryland

2018

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Names: George, A. R., author.Title: Old Babylonian texts in the Schøyen Collection : part one, selected letters :

cuneiform texts XI / by A. R. George.Other titles: Cornell University studies in Assyriology and Sumerology ; v. 36.Description: Bethesda, Maryland : CDL Press, 2017. | Series: Cornell University studies in Assyriology

and Sumerology (CUSAS) ; volume 36Identifiers: LCCN 2017048732 | ISBN 9781934309759 (alk. paper)Subjects: LCSH: Schøyen Collection. | Assyro-Babylonian letters. | Cuneiform tablets. |

Civilization, Assyro-Babylonian. | Assyria—Antiquities. | Assyria—Economic conditions—Sources.Classification: LCC DS69.6 .G47 2017 | DDC 892/.1—dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017048732

Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology

E

DITOR

-

IN

-C

HIEF

* * *David I. Owen

(Cornell University)___

E

DITORIAL

C

OMMITTEE

* * *Robert K. Englund

(University of California, Los Angeles)

Wolfgang Heimpel(University of California, Berkeley)

Rudolf H. Mayr(Lawrenceville, New Jersey)

Manuel Molina (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid)

Francesco Pomponio (University of Messina)

Walther Sallaberger (University of Munich)

Marten Stol (Leiden)

Karel Van Lerberghe (University of Leuven)

Aage Westenholz (University of Copenhagen)

ISBN 9781934309759

Copyright 2018. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form(beyond that copying permitted in Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except byreviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publisher, CDL Press, P.O. Box34454, Bethesda, Md. 20827.

Table of Contents

v

Statement of Provenance, by Martin Schøyen ..........................................................................

vi

Series Editor’s Preface, by David I. Owen ...............................................................................

ix

Preface and Acknowledgments ................................................................................................

x

Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................

xiv

Catalogue ................................................................................................................................ 1Concordances .......................................................................................................................... 7

I. Correspondence of Sumu-El and N›r-Adad, Kings of Larsa (Nos. 1–32) .........................11II. Other Early Old Babylonian Letters (Nos. 33–89) ...........................................................37

III. Letters of the Era from R‹m-Sîn I to Samsuiluna (Nos. 90–219) ......................................78IV. A Late Old Babylonian Letter (No. 220) ...................................................................... 179V. A Letter of the Sealand I Period (No. 221) .................................................................... 180

References ........................................................................................................................... 181Indexes .................................................................................................................................. 184

Personal Names ............................................................................................................ 184Geographical and Tribal Names .................................................................................... 191Divine Names ............................................................................................................... 192

Photographs and Cuneiform Texts .................................................................. Plates I–CCLXIII

MANUSCRIPTS

IN

THE

SCH

Ø

YEN

COLLECTION

CUNEIFORM

TEXTS

Vol. I. Jöran Friberg,

A Remarkable Collection of Babylonian Mathematical Texts

Sources and Studies in the History of Mathematics and Physical Sciences

New York: Springer, 2007Vol. II. Bendt Alster,

Sumerian Proverbs in the Sch

ø

yen Collection

Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 2Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press, 2007

Vol. III. Stephanie Dalley,

Babylonian Tablets from the First Sealand Dynasty in the Sch

ø

yen Collection

Cornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 9 Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press, 2009

Vol. IV. A. R. George,

Babylonian Literary Texts in the Sch

ø

yen Collection


Vol. V. Miguel Civil,

The Lexical Texts in the Sch

ø

yen Collection


Vol. VI. A. R. George,

Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts in the Sch

ø

yen Collection

with contributions by M. Civil, G. Frame, P. Steinkeller, F. Vallat, M.Weeden, and C. WilckeCornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 17

Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press, 2011Vol. VII. A. R. George,

Babylonian Divinatory Texts Chiefly in the Sch

ø

yen Collection

with an appendix of materials from the papers of W. G. Lambert


Vol. VIII. A. R. George,

Mesopotamian Incantations and Related Texts in the Sch

ø

yen Collection


Vol. IX. A. R. George, T. Hertel, J. Llop-Raduà, K. Radner and W. H. van Soldt,

Assyrian Archival Texts in the Sch

ø

yen Collection and Other Documents from North Mesopotamia and Syria


Vol. X. V. Bartash,

Sumerian Administrative and Legal Documents ca. 2900–2200

BC

in the Sch

ø

yen CollectionCornell University Studies in Assyriology and Sumerology 35

Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press, 2017Vol. XI. A. R. George, Old Babylonian Texts in the Schøyen Collection. Part One. Selected Letters.


Other volumes in preparation

Series Editor’s Preface

ix

Old Babylonian letters constitute one of themajor sources for the history and culture ofBabylonia for the first half of the second mil-lennium. In CUSAS 36 Andrew George nowprovides his first in a series of volumes that willmake available the entire group of 474 OldBabylonian letters in the Schøyen Collection,adding substantially to the existing corpus pub-lished over the last century. A perusal of the let-ters published in the current volume reveals theextraordinarily rich and varied informationprovided for the reigns of both well- and lesser-known kings and officials preserved in textsfrom different chronological periods and fromcities and towns throughout Babylonia. Thisvolume initiates what promises to be a major

contribution to the expansion of our knowl-edge of Babylonia during much of the periodfrom 2000–1595 BCE. It reflects the cordialcooperation and collaboration of scholars fromEngland, France, Germany, and the UnitedStates, enhanced by the exchange of databetween Cornell University’s Rosen SeminarCollection, the Schøyen Collection, and anumber of private sources. We are all gratefulfor the exceptional efforts of Andrew George tomake the Schøyen Collection texts availablepromptly and to Martin Schøyen and JonathanRosen, whose generosity and enthusiastic sup-port made these frequent publications inCUSAS possible.

David I. OwenCurator of Tablet CollectionsJonathan and Jeannette Rosen

Ancient Near Eastern Studies SeminarCornell University, Ithaca, New York

November 2017

Preface and Acknowledgments

x

The Schøyen Collection houses 474 cuneiformtablets inscribed with Babylonian letters of thefirst half of the second millennium BC. Histor-ically this half-millennium comprises the Isin-Larsa and Old Babylonian periods. It beganwith the establishment of small states in succes-sion to the Ur III kingdom (2003 BC in the con-ventional chronology), dominated first by thedynasty of Isin and then by that of Larsa. It con-tinued with the rise to power of Babylon underKing Hammurapi (1792–1750) and the slowdwindling of its hegemony under his five suc-cessors. It ended with the expulsion of Babylo-nian power from the south and south-east of thecountry by the Sealand kings, the fall of Baby-lon to a Hittite army (1595) and, after an inter-val, the establishment in Babylon of a new rulingdynasty, of Cassite origin. From the perspectiveof language use these four or five hundred yearsmay be called the long Old Babylonian period,and letters written during them are convention-ally known as Old Babylonian letters.

The Schøyen Collection’s 474 letters makefor a substantial enlargement of the availablecorpus of Old Babylonian letters, calculated in2015 as 6559 examples (Charpin 2015: 390).Only one of the collection’s letters has beenpublished outside the MSCT series: MS 1713,formerly in the Dring collection (AbB X 145,republished here as No. 146). Two others havealready been studied for their literary qualities(MS 3302 = MSCT IV no. 15; MS 3208 =MSCT IV no. 16). Fifteen letters and letter-orders belonging to an archive dated to the firstSealand dynasty, at the very end of the period,have been published by Stephanie Dalley(MSCT III nos. 1–15).

The letters fall chronologically into twomain groups, divided by period of origin intoearly Old Babylonian and middle Old Babylo-nian. Particularly noteworthy are a dossier ofletters from the correspondence of kings Sumu-El and N›r-Adad of Larsa (reigned 1894–1866and 1865–1850), which fall into the early OldBabylonian group, and many fine examples ofletters from the court of R‹m-Sîn I of Larsa(reigned 1822–1763), which belong to the mid-dle Old Babylonian group. The letters’ contentsconfirm a provenance for the large majority ofthese early and middle Old Babylonian tabletsin Larsa or in places under Larsa’s control, suchas Adab.

Succeeding periods and other provenancesare much less well represented in the collection.Eight letters, to be published by Frans van Kop-pen, belong to a dossier of late Old Babyloniantablets from D›r-AbieÍuÓ, with which theze’pum-tablet MS 3208 (MSCT IV no. 16)should probably be associated; only two otherlate Old Babylonian letters have been identi-fied. The little group of letters in the archivedated to the first Sealand dynasty has alreadybeen mentioned.

Many of the tablets are well preserved, butsome are not. This fact shapes the program ofpublication. It is the policy of the publicationproject to make the Schøyen Collection’s tab-lets available to scholarship as promptly as pos-sible. To that end the Old Babylonian letterswill appear in installments. Since 2011 all 449letters that have not been previously publishedor assigned for publication in the MSCT serieshave been read twice at first hand in Norwayand twice from photographs. This exercise has

Pr e f a c e and A cxknow l e d gmen t s xi

led to a judgment that the decipherment of verymany of the tablets will not be further improvedby copying the cuneiform text in the conven-tional manner. Accordingly this volume pre-sents as a first installment of the collection’s OldBabylonian letters a selection of 216 exemplarsin which the text editions are supported, in theoverwhelming majority of cases, by photo-graphs only. To these have been added five let-ters now in another private collection, making221 in total.

These 221 letters fall into five groups: (a) Nos. 1–32. Thirty-one early Old Babylo-

nian letters from the correspondence ofSumu-El and his Heads of Security (rubbusikk⁄tim), supplemented by a similar letterfrom N›r-Adad, Sumu-El’s successor.Twenty-seven of these tablets are in theSchøyen Collection and five are privatelyowned (Nos. 14–17, 28). Other tablets fromthe correspondence of Sumu-El are kept inthe Jonathan and Jeannette Rosen AncientNear Eastern Studies Seminar at CornellUniversity. One has already been publishedby Grégory Chambon (2015), and theremainder are forthcoming in Jared Miller’sedition of part of the Rosen Seminar’s largecollection of Old Babylonian letters. Thecorrespondence consists mainly of lettersfrom Sumu-El to officials in charge of secu-rity at unnamed towns, encouraging themto maintain a strict watch and secure sup-plies of grain within the walls. Some lettersrefer to enemy action by Erra-imitt‹, whichmakes it certain that the historical context ofthe dossier is a war fought by Larsa againstIsin during the reign of Sumu-El. The kingemerges as an anxious delegator with littleconfidence in his correspondents’ compe-tence.

(b) Nos. 33–89. Fifty-seven other early OldBabylonian letters, all lacking greetings for-mula, on assorted administrative, business,and private topics. Some mention individ-uals of the same names as correspondents ofSumu-El, and may belong in (a). Otherscorrespondents have namesakes in earlyOld Babylonian letters now in the collec-

tions of the Banca d’Italia (Mander et al.2006, Ipqu-Sîn), the Rosen Seminar, andthe Cotsen Collection (Wilson 2009: 261no. 169). Their archival connections willbecome clearer as the publication of earlyOld Babylonian tablets in these and othercollections progresses.

(c) Nos. 90–219. One hundred and thirty let-ters of the middle Old Babylonian period,among them many that are written in thedistinctive script associated with the state ofLarsa in the era of R‹m-Sîn. Most greetingsformula invoke fiamaÍ, patron deity of Lar-sa, alone. Others, which combine fiamaÍwith Marduk, the patron god of Babylon(Nos. 116, 123, 146, 173, 199, 211), nodoubt stem from the decades immediatelyfollowing R‹m-Sîn’s downfall, when Larsaand its territories were controlled by °am-murapi and Samsuiluna of Babylon. fiamaÍis also combined with Ningirsu (Nos. 142,147, also MS 3730, 3732), with Adad (Nos.114–15), with Amurru (No. 118), withNumuÍda (No. 134), with IÍtar (No. 176, insecond place), with Ninmar (No. 187), withIlabrat (No. 189), with Ninurta (No. 194,probably also 131) and with ddumu.an.na(No. 208). Some of fiamaÍ’s partners in thesepairings may point to the place where theletter was written (e.g., Adad, from Karkara;Ningirsu, from Girsu; Ninmar, fromAÍdubba), but geography is not the onlymotivation, for at least one partner is explic-itly identified later in the letter as theaddressee’s personal deity (Ilabrat, No. 189:20). One letter invokes Enlil and Ninurtaand was probably written in Nippur (No.179); note also Ninurta solo (No. 190);Adad solo (Nos. 90, 111, 196); Ninsiannasolo (No. 113); and Enlil solo (No. 205).Other pairs are the Mother Goddess and herspouse, fiulpaea and B2let-il‹ (No. 119),Adad and Marduk (No. 139), and Nannaand Ningal (No. 101). The person who citesthe last pair is R‹m-Sîn’s sister Enanedu, thepriestess of the moon-god Nanna-Sîn at Ur,and it is no surprise that she should invokeher divine masters.

xii S e l e c t e d L e t t e r s

A few other correspondents can be alsoidentified with well-known individuals,e.g., °ammurapi’s officials in Larsa, fiamaÍ-Ó⁄zir (No. 183) and Sîn-iddinam (probablyNos. 143, 154–55, 183, also mentioned in98). References to third parties will help toclarify archival contexts, e.g., Balamu-namÓe, a high official at Larsa under R‹m-Sîn (Nos. 152, 198), and R‹m-Sîn himself(Nos. 192, 194). Names compounded withthe king’s name are another aid to dating: agood example occurs in Etel-p‹-Nabi’um’sterse missive to the people of Uruk, advis-ing them that he is sending to collect theirbarley taxes an official sycophanticallycalled “Samsuiluna is like a god” (No. 107).Again, a better understanding of the archi-val connections of these letters will arisefrom the publication and study of the verymany contemporaneous tablets in publicand private collections.

(d) No. 220. A letter with an extended greet-ings formula characteristic of the late OldBabylonian period.

(e) No. 221. A letter with the physical charac-teristics and distinctive script of a documentfrom the period of the first Sealand dynasty,no doubt part of the archive published byDalley (2009). It escaped attention until2011.The criteria for placing tablets in one group

or the other, particularly in groups (b) and (c),are several, and include the physical appearanceof the tablet, palaeography, spelling conven-tions, lack or presence of greetings formula,proper nouns, and other content. It will bereadily admitted that these criteria are partlysubjective and not infallible: some letters mayhave been placed in the wrong group.

A separate warning must be given concern-ing authenticity. A large number of Old Baby-lonian letters in the Schøyen Collection—more than sixty—are model letters and copiesof model letters used in letter-writing practice.Those tablets clearly identified as practice let-ters will be published separately. However, asmall number of letters included in this volumeare under some suspicion of being practice let-ters (Nos. 93, 95, 121, 124, 188, 200, 205), and

it is very possible that more have escaped iden-tification as such.

Further installments of the Schøyen Col-lection’s Old Babylonian letters are beingactively prepared for publication. They willpresent the remaining 233 tablets, including thepractice letters; many early Old Babylonian let-ters from the dossier of a certain S⁄siya; histor-ically important letters from the correspon-dence of R‹m-Sîn and his officials; and assorteddamaged letters whose decipherment will ben-efit from copying.

My work on these letters has been ad-vanced by the generosity of several colleagues,of whom two are singled out for special men-tion. Jared Miller, of the University of Munich,shared with me his draft edition of a corpus ofletters now in the Rosen Seminar at CornellUniversity, which has many archival links withthe Old Babylonian letters in Norway. At hisrequest I made my own draft editions availableto his doctoral student, Zsombor Földi, to sup-plement his database of personal names in OldBabylonian texts from Larsa. Földi made manyvaluable corrections and suggestions to myreadings, not only of personal names. Neither ofthese kind colleagues is responsible in any wayfor any errors present between the two coversof this book.

The study of these tablets was considerablyaided by a grant from the British Academy,which covered the cost of six week-long visitsto the Schøyen Collection between June 2013and September 2015. Other visits to Norwaywere financed by research funds placed at mydisposal by the Faculty of Languages and Cul-tures at the School of Oriental and AfricanStudies, University of London. I am deeplygrateful to both institutions.

I am also indebted to an anonymous privatecollector for permission to publish Nos. 14–17and 28, and to Anna Keeton and LauraJohnson-Kelly, respectively Photographer andCollection Manager at the Rosen CuneiformTablet Conservation Laboratory at CornellUniversity, for making images of them andassisting their first-hand study in Ithaca. Mywarmest thanks are happily conveyed, as ever,to the collector, Dr. Martin Schøyen, and his

Pr e f a c e and A cxknow l e d gmen t s xiii

wife, Mrs. Bodil Schøyen; to the collection’serstwhile librarian and evergreen Keeper ofAssyriologists, Mrs. Elizabeth Gano Sørenssen;and to those fellow cuneiformists whose com-pany in Norway added social spice to each week

of study. Finally it is again a great pleasure toacknowledge the continuing support of theseries editor, Dr. David I. Owen, and the gen-erous subvention of an anonymous donor.

A.R.G.Buckhurst Hill

November 2017

The translations utilize several archaic metro-logical terms that may need explanation. A kur-rum “kor” is a volume unit roughly equivalentto 300 litres; s›tum “seah” is a volume unit ofabout ten litres; manûm “mina” is a weight unit

roughly equivalent to 500 grams; Íiqlum “shek-el” is one-sixtieth of a mina; the area unit ikûm,translated “acre,” is more nearly about one-third of a hectare; a muÍarum is one hundredthof an ikûm, about thirty-six square inches.

Note on Metrology

metres

Abbreviations

xiv

AbB Altbabylonische BriefeI = F. R. Kraus, Briefe aus dem British Museum (CT 43 und 44). Leiden, 1964II = R. Frankena, Briefe aus dem British Museum (LIH und CT 2–33). Leiden, 1966IV = F. R. Kraus, Briefe aus dem Archive des fiamaÍ-Ó⁄zir. Leiden, 1968VI = R. Frankena, Briefe aus dem Berliner Museum. Leiden, 1974VIII = L. Cagni, Briefe aus dem Iraq Museum (TIM II). Leiden, 1980X = F. R. Kraus, Briefe aus kleineren westeuropäischen Sammlungen. Leiden, 1985XIV = K. R. Veenhof. Letters in the Louvre. Leiden, 2005

AHw W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch. 3 vols. Wiesbaden, 1965–81

ARM Archives royales de MariVI = J.-R. Kupper, Lettres. Paris, 1953

BRM Babylonian Records in the Library of J. Pierpoint MorganIV = A. T. Clay, Epics, Hymns, Omens and Other Texts. New Haven, Conn., 1923

CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. 21 vols. Glückstadt and Chicago, 1956–2010

GAG3 W. von Soden, Grundriss der akkadischen Grammatik. 3rd edn. Rome, 1995

MSL Materials for the Sumerian LexiconXII = M. Civil, The Series lú = Ía and Related Texts. Rome, 1969XV = M. Civil, The Series diri = (w)atru. Rome, 2004

MSCT Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection, Cuneiform TextsIII = Stephanie Dalley, Babylonian Tablets from the First Sealand Dynasty in the Sch¶yen Collection. Bethesda, Md., 2009IV = A. R. George, Babylonian Literary Texts in the Sch¶yen Collection. Bethesda, Md., 2009

OECT Oxford Editions of Cuneiform TextsXV = S. Dalley, Old Babylonian Texts in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford, 2005

TIM Texts in the Iraq MuseumI = A. Al-Zeebari, Old Babylonian Letters. Baghdad, 1964IV = J. van Dijk, Cuneiform Texts: Old Babylonian Contracts and Juridical Texts. Wiesbaden, 1967

YOS Yale Oriental Series, Babylonian TextsXII = S. I. Feigin, Legal and Administrative Texts of the Reign of Samsu-iluna. New Haven, 1979XV = A. Goetze, Cuneiform Texts from Various Collections, ed. B. R. Foster. New Haven, 2009

Catalogue of Tablets

1

I.

Correspondence of Sumu-El and N›r-Adad, Kings of Larsa

1 2776/1 39

Œ

70

Œ

22 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

2 2776/5 45

Œ

98

Œ

24 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

3 2776/6 42

Œ

66

Œ

22 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

4 3668 45

Œ

77

Œ

27 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

5 2776/7 42

Œ

68

Œ

21 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

6 2776/18 50

Œ

93

Œ

27 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

7 2776/19 40

Œ

71

Œ

24 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

8 2776/24 39

Œ

73

Œ

21 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

9 2776/25 38

Œ

66

Œ

21 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

10 2776/28 43

Œ

79

Œ

22 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

11 2776/27 43

Œ

80

Œ

22 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

12 3742 42

Œ

70

Œ

26 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

13 3665 45

Œ

70

Œ

26 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

14 — 42

Œ

72

Œ

23 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

15 — 45

Œ

87

Œ

26 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

16 — 41

Œ

61

Œ

23 Sumu-El

rubbu sikk⁄tim

17 — 41

Œ

63

Œ

21 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi,

rubbu sikk⁄tim

18 2776/21 35

Œ

54

Œ

19 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi,

rubbu sikk⁄tim

19 2776/23 40

Œ

60

Œ

20 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi,

rubbu sikk⁄tim

20 2776/4 42

Œ

61

Œ

19 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi21 2776/26 39

Œ

65

Œ

21 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi22 2776/3 37

Œ

60

Œ

18 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi, Puzur-NumuÍda23 2776/11 40

Œ

60

Œ

21 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi, Puzur-NumuÍda24 2776/2 43

Œ

57

Œ

22 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi, °unnubum, °⁄bibum, Puzur-NumuÍda, fies-ipad

25 3607 43

Œ

75

Œ

24 Sumu-El B

2

l‹-ay-annadi, °unnubum, °⁄bibum, Puzur-NumuÍda, fieÍ-ipad

26 3656 40

Œ

49

Œ

20 Sumu-El Imlik-Ea27 3528 45

Œ

65

Œ

22 Sumu-El fieÍ-ipad, Imlik-Ea28 — 40

Œ

63

Œ

25 Sumu-El Ubarum, Sutûm29 2776/8 41

Œ

74

Œ

18 P‹Óatni-ipiq B

2

l‹-ay-annadi30 2776/22 36

Œ

51Œ17 Sabir⁄tum B2l‹-ay-annadi31 3568 43Œ54Œ19 flill‹-Adad Imgurrum

Text MS no. Dimensions Sender Addressee (WŒHŒD)

2 Se l e c t e d L e t t e r s

32 2891/76 41Œ61Œ19 N›r-Adad Bazaza, [. . .], Damu-[. . .]

II. Other Early Old Babylonian Letters33 2891/23 31Œ40Œ16 Ab‹-[…] Imgur-[DN]/Imgurrum34 3542 45Œ68Œ21 AÓiya Addaya35 2891/3 34Œ46Œ16 AÓ›ni N›r-IÍtar36 3710 51Œ102Œ28 AÓ›ni flill‹-IÍtar37 3486 40Œ65Œ22 AÓ›ni fieÍ-ipad38 3499 39Œ47Œ20 Ali-aÓ‹ Aw‹l-il‹39 3596 42Œ67Œ21 Aliziya °unnubum40 4662 36Œ40Œ18 Apil-Amurru L›mur-il‹41 3507 40Œ60Œ22 Apil-Sîn Uk›’a42 3538 36Œ52Œ21 Dinigmum Imlik-Sîn43 2754/2 46Œ60Œ21 Ea-‰ul›l‹ Sîn-Í2mi44 3684 38Œ58Œ20 Eteya Ubarum45 2891/73 40Œ59Œ19 °⁄bibum °up⁄zum46 2891/68 41Œ55Œ18 °⁄bibum Kadrum47 2891/58 43Œ73Œ23 °uppudum Ali-il‹48 2891/36 39Œ78Œ23 °ussurum Lu-Ningal49 3593 42Œ74Œ24 Ibbi-Sumuabum b¤l‹ya50 2754/1 40Œ90Œ24 Iddin-Sîn Sîn-Í2mi51 3522 42Œ60Œ21 a) Iddinya AÓum-ˇ⁄bum

b) [. . .] Imlik-[Sîn?]52 2891/25 33Œ57Œ19 Ik›n-p‹-Damu N›r-Ea53 3663 38Œ52Œ20 Imgur-Sîn B2lassunu54 3640 38Œ62Œ22 Imlik-Sîn Lipit-N⁄rum55 3619 44Œ75Œ25 Ipqu-Sîn B2lassunu56 3658 42Œ74Œ21 Ipqu-Sîn Bau-asât57 3636 33Œ50Œ19 IÍme-Erra Tatt⁄58 3520 38Œ52Œ20 IÍme-Sîn Sîn-b2l-aplim59 2891/44 41Œ58Œ17 IÍmeÓ-il‹ B2letum(?)60 2891/21 33Œ46Œ15 IÍmeÓ-il‹ Imgur-Sîn61 3554 49Œ80Œ23 Nanna-Íalasu Sîn-Óili62 2891/55 35Œ51Œ20 Nanna-zimu b¤l‹ya63 3521 42Œ47Œ18 NinÍubur-palil Il‹-b⁄ni64 2891/45 41Œ77Œ20 N›r-Adad Ubarum65 2891/35 36Œ84Œ17 Puratt⁄num Ubarum66 3525 45Œ82Œ24 Sîn-b2l-il‹ Ubar-Adad67 3509 42Œ57Œ21 Sîn-iddinam Ibni-Ea68 3585 45Œ55Œ21 Sîn-iddinam Sîn-Í2mi69 3484 47Œ57Œ23 Sîn-iq‹Íam Ik›n-p‹-Damu70 3492 42Œ44Œ20 Sîn-iq‹Íam Ik›n-p‹-Damu71 3508 45Œ60Œ22 Sîn-iq‹Íam Ik›n-p‹-Damu72 3695 47Œ71Œ23 Sîn-iq‹Íam Sapaya, IdiÍam

Text MS no. Dimensions Sender Addressee

-

Cata l o gu e o f Tab l e t s 3

73 2891/41 35Œ48Œ16 Sîn-iÍme’anni Damu-galzu74 3584 35Œ39Œ21 Sîn-iÍme’anni Lamassatum75 3781 35Œ54Œ17 Sîn-mutni Imgur-Sîn76 2891/37 45Œ47Œ21 Sîn-r2m2ni Ayyartum77 3602 44Œ60Œ24 Sîn-r2m2ni Sîn-er‹bam78 2891/54 46Œ61Œ17 Sîn-r‹m-Urim Daqqum79 3660 32Œ49Œ20 Sîn-Í2mi Dummuqtum80 3637 44Œ62Œ22 Sîn-Í2mi fi⁄t-Sîn81 2300/1 41Œ60Œ18 Sunibala °unnubum82 2776/20 31Œ41Œ16 Íà-tam-e-ne fieÍ-ipad83 2891/67 36Œ56Œ18 fi⁄t-Ea Sîn-iddinam84 3605 42Œ52Œ18 Tizqar-fiamaÍ Ilum-b⁄ni85 3638 40Œ65Œ23 Ubar-Sîn Girini-isa86 3773 41Œ67Œ22 Ubarum B2ya87 3617 45Œ54Œ21 Zannatum IÍme-Sîn, Imgur-Sîn88 2891/52 41Œ57Œ17 Zidar› Ennum-il‹89 2891/40 36Œ62Œ17 [. . .] [. . .]

III. Letters of the Era from R‹m-Sîn I to Samsuiluna90 2891/1 46Œ112Œ28 Adad-r‹m-il‹ AÓassunu?91 2891/26 46Œ71Œ20 Adad-r‹m-il‹ Sîn-tamk⁄r‹92 3653 45Œ70Œ25 Adi-anni’am Eltani93 2891/19 43Œ65Œ19 vlittum Sîn-iÍme’anni94 3772 51Œ109Œ26 Alli-[x x] Lipit-[IÍtar]95 3628 38Œ64Œ22 AN.NE-arim IÍum-n⁄‰ir96 3766 51Œ81Œ23 Apil-il‹Íu Ez2ssu97 3526 42Œ65Œ22 Apil-k›bi Iddin-Sîn98 3569 47Œ73Œ25 Aw2l-il‹ Adallal99 3545 44Œ66Œ21 Aw‹l-fiamaÍ Bitt‹

100 3764 41Œ74Œ19 Awiyatum M⁄rti-iltim101 3635 62Œ64Œ24 Enanedu Lipit-IÍtar102 3556 57Œ85Œ23 Enlil-adaÓani Ninurta-iddinam103 3506 50Œ68Œ23 Ennum-Sîn Sîn-ir‹bam104 3714 52Œ109Œ25 Erra-g⁄mil Lipit-IÍtar105 3494 46Œ97Œ26 Erra-ibb‹Íu Ez2ssu106 3754 53Œ91Œ28 Erra-Íadî Lipit-IÍtar107 3738 43Œ67Œ22 Etel-p‹-Nabi’um lú-Unug.ki.meÍ108 3682 47Œ69Œ23 °up⁄tum Il‹-Íarrum109 3759 41Œ55Œ26 Ib⁄’-Íarrum Ea-n›r‹110 4081 42Œ45Œ19 Ibbi-ilum Il‹-ippalsam111 3505 53Œ108Œ28 Iddin-Adad Adallal112 2891/56 38Œ45Œ17 Iddin-Adad Adallal113 3670 42Œ57Œ24 Iddin-Sîn IÍtar-umm‹114 3696 45Œ67Œ25 Iddinyatum Iddin-Sîn



115 3625 46Œ77Œ23 Iddinyatum Iddin-Sîn116 2891/71 41Œ68Œ25 Ilam-2riÍ Gimil-Nanay117 3512 46Œ88Œ23 Il‹-ab‹ Il‹-t›ram118 3544 52Œ75Œ27 Il‹-amtaÓÓar N›r-Sîn119 3603 47Œ89Œ28 Il‹-iddinam Lipit-IÍtar120 3751 46Œ80Œ25 Il‹-iddinam flill‹-fiamaÍ121 3534 43Œ68Œ19 Il‹-iddinam Sîn-ir‹bam122 3559 56Œ94Œ29 Il‹-iÓtapit, Lú-dingir-minabi

B2lum-il‹, Il‹-⁄Íir‹123 3681 43Œ73Œ24 Il‹-ippalsam Tar‹bum124 2891/61 44Œ87Œ24 Il‹-iq‹Íam Gimillum125 4164 56Œ92Œ28 Il‹-ir‹bam Sîn-ir‹bam126 3633 45Œ79Œ21 Il‹-Íukkal Sîn-magir127 2891/11 47Œ80Œ23 Il‹-yatar flill‹-Sîn128 2891/8 52Œ98Œ21 Il‹-[. . .] [. . .]129 3487A 47Œ54Œ22 Ilum-b⁄ni [. . .]130 3532 52Œ70Œ25 Imlik-Sîn KeÍ-r‹mum131 3721 52Œ91Œ27 Ipqu-Adad Lipit-IÍtar132 3598 47Œ72Œ24 Ipqu-Amurru PerÓum-lizziz133 3734 53Œ89Œ31 Ipq›Ía Lipit-IÍtar134 3698 49Œ96Œ24 Ipq›Ía Sîn-tamk⁄r‹135 3612 46Œ33Œ22 Ir‹bam-Sîn Sîn-imguranni136 3720 46Œ64Œ25 IÍtar-n⁄palt‹ Warad-Erra137 3481 57Œ104Œ27 It›r-aÍdu Nin.LUL-n⁄‰ir138 3780 39Œ65Œ23 Lamassatum Sîn-magir139 3618 48Œ70Œ21 Lipit-IÍtar ab‹ya140 3601 37Œ34Œ21 Lipit-IÍtar AÓam-arÍi141 3761 53Œ86Œ27 LiÍ‹Ó-palûÍu Iddin-Sîn142 3692 53Œ85Œ24 LiÍ‹Ó-palûÍu Lipit-IÍtar143 3675 46Œ68Œ25 Lu-NinÍubur Sîn-magir, Sîn-iddinam, fl⁄lilum144 3595 47Œ68Œ27 LuÍtamar-Sîn Appaya145 2750 36Œ57Œ19 LuÍtamar-fiamaÍ Apil-Sîn146 1713 46Œ74Œ25 Mannum-k‹-fiamaÍ R‹Í-fiamaÍ147 3777 57Œ98Œ28 Nawiram-Íar›r Ab‹-[. . .]148 3540 52Œ72Œ27 Nergal(!)-r‹m-il‹ fiamaÍ-[. . .]149 3666 44Œ68Œ24 N›r-fiamaÍ Nidnat-Sîn150 3610 50Œ100Œ27 N›r-fiamaÍ Sîn-magir151 3731 49Œ98Œ25 Pat2Óatum . . .152 3642 52Œ88Œ29 Puzur-Amurrum, Warad-Amurrum

flill‹-EmaÓ, Sunnuqum, flill‹ya, Aw‹l-Amurrum, Bali-ilum, flill‹-EmaÓ, Sîn-Íar-m⁄tim, Aw‹l-fiamaÍ, Beyakum


Cata l o gu e o f Tab l e t s 5

153 3788 40Œ48Œ20 Sîn-ibn‹Íu °uÍÍû154 2776/30 51Œ91Œ21 Sîn-iddinam b¤l‹ya155 3502 52Œ84Œ25 Sîn-iddinam Sîn-m⁄lik156 2776/29 54Œ108Œ25 Sîn-imguranni Lu-IÍkurra, L⁄lûm157 2771 46Œ65Œ22 Sîn-imguranni Sîn-ippalsam158 4165 47Œ87Œ25 Sîn-imguranni Sîn-magir159 2776/16 53Œ105Œ29 Sîn-imguranni Utu-Íu-mundab160 2300/2 45Œ55Œ19 Sîn-imitt‹ Ilum-b⁄ni161 2891/28 48Œ82Œ21 Sîn-iq‹Íam AÓ›Íunu, Sîn-r2m2ni162 3715 51Œ85Œ28 Sîn-iq‹Íam Lipit-IÍtar163 3608 45Œ62Œ19 Sîn-iq‹Íam Sîn-muballiˇ, N›r-Amurrum164 3639 48Œ70Œ22 Sîn-iÍme’anni Babay165 3561 48Œ85Œ24 Sîn-iÍme’anni Sîn-magir166 3566 48Œ74Œ27 Sîn-iÍme’anni Sîn-magir167 3497 50Œ78Œ23 Sîn-iÍmêni flill‹-EmaÓ168 2747 47Œ68Œ20 Sîn-l‹talal Nanna-manÍum169 3624 44Œ57Œ22 Sîn-magir N›r-Amurrum170 2891/6 48Œ65Œ22 Sîn-m›de Ez2ssu171 2891/7 43Œ75Œ23 Sîn-mupaÍÍer b¤l‹ya172 2891/53 37Œ42Œ13 Sîn-mupaÍÍer Eurbidug173 3495 50Œ72Œ25 Sînn‹ aw‹lim174 2770 43Œ64Œ21 Sîn-r2m2ni Mammi-Íarrat175 3632 45Œ85Œ29 Sîn-Í2mi s. Iddiyatum Namiyatum, °uzalatum, Atkal-ay-ab⁄Í176 3736 41Œ70Œ20 Sîn-Í2mi fiamaÍ-[il‹]177 3537 47Œ76Œ27 Sîn-uselli AÓum178 3737 51Œ69Œ21 Sîn-uselli Eurbidug179 3711 44Œ77Œ25 Sîyyatum Ali-waqrum180 3723 47Œ63Œ26 flill‹-EmaÓ L⁄lûm181 3513 59Œ100Œ31 flill‹-Erra Lipit-IÍtar182 3783 49Œ82Œ27 fiamaÍ-b⁄ni Iddin-Sîn183 3582 49Œ69Œ26 fiamaÍ-Ó⁄zir Puzur-Amurrum, fl⁄lilum, Sîn-iddinam184 3769 41Œ69Œ25 fiamaÍ-n⁄‰ir headman and elders185 3563 51Œ70Œ25 fiamaÍ-rabi, Lu- Eurbidug, Sîn-dayy⁄n, Sîn-

dingirra, N⁄rum-rabi uselli, Mannum-Í⁄ninÍu186 2891/9 42Œ90Œ20 fiamaÍ-tappûÍu fiamaÍ-takl⁄ku187 2891/15 31Œ40Œ19 fiamaÍ-tillassu TaÍme-[Ninmar(?)]188 2275 48Œ62Œ20 fiarr›t-Sîn Sîn-ir‹bam189 2891/2 60Œ114Œ26 fi⁄t-Alla, Iddin-il‹ b¤l‹ya190 3768 52Œ91Œ26 fiumi-il‹ya Ab‹-ˇ⁄b(?)191 3757 47Œ67Œ24 Tak›m Sîn-rabi192 4163 53Œ88Œ26 Tal‹mum Iddin-Sîn193 3729 50Œ91Œ28 Tar‹bum ab‹ya194 3745 50Œ87Œ25 ‡⁄b-eli-m⁄tim Lipit-IÍtar



195 3515 47Œ77Œ25 ‡⁄b-‰illi-Urim Sîn-n⁄Íi196 3657 41Œ55Œ22 Ubaya Il‹-iddinam197 3546 43Œ67Œ23 Ubayatum [. . .]198 3771 50Œ95Œ29 r‰i-araÓ Anna-il‹199 3733 46Œ66Œ25 r‰i-n›rum Sîn-imguranni200 3575 52Œ95Œ27 Warad-Amurrum Amurrum-Ó⁄zir201 3623 52Œ100Œ26 Warad-Amurrum Il‹-raÓê202 2891/63 47Œ80Œ22 Warad-Amurrum Ipqu-Adad203 2755 49Œ82Œ21 Warad-Sîn °uz⁄liya, Ipqatum, Sîn-ir‹bam, Erra-

g⁄mil204 3511 54Œ79Œ29 Yaminum Pakki-il‹(?)205 3699 46Œ76Œ27 Yamlik-ilum M⁄ri-er‰etim206 2072 50Œ71Œ20 Zarriqum b¤l‹ya207 3661 47Œ74Œ28 Zarriqum flill‹-fiamaÍ208 3589 41Œ62Œ25 Ziya r⁄’im‹ya209 3482 47Œ75Œ25 [. . .] Apil-il‹Íu, fiina-aÓÓ›’a, [. . .]210 3770 54Œ103Œ29 [. . .] Lipit-[IÍtar?]211 3735 52Œ81Œ32 [. . .] Sîn-b2l-aplim212 3079 45Œ45Œ13 [. . .] [. . .]213 3487B 47Œ25Œ22 [. . .] [. . .]214 3573 48Œ65Œ22 [. . .] [. . .]215 3597 52Œ68Œ23 [. . .] [. . .]216 3614 58Œ100Œ28 [. . .] [. . .]217 3616 52Œ67Œ24 [. . .] [. . .]218 3685 49Œ66Œ23 . . . [. . .]219 3701 48Œ65Œ21 [. . .] [. . .]

IV. A Late Old Babylonian Letter220 3743 48Œ73Œ25 Zababa-n⁄‰ir aw‹lim

V. A Letter of the Sealand I Period221 5009 66Œ47Œ23 – –


Concordances

7

1713 1462072 2062275 1882300/1 812300/2 1602747 1682750 1452754/1 502754/2 432755 2032770 1742771 1572776/1 12776/2 242776/3 222776/4 202776/5 22776/6 32776/7 52776/8 292776/11 232776/16 1592776/18 62776/19 72776/20 822776/21 182776/22 302776/23 192776/24 82776/25 92776/26 212776/27 112776/28 102776/29 156

2776/30 1542891/1 902891/2 1892891/3 352891/6 1702891/7 1712891/8 1282891/9 1862891/11 1272891/15 1872891/19 932891/21 602891/23 332891/25 522891/26 912891/28 1612891/35 652891/36 482891/37 762891/40 892891/41 732891/44 592891/45 642891/52 882891/53 1722891/54 782891/55 622891/56 1122891/58 472891/61 1242891/63 2022891/67 832891/68 462891/71 116

2891/73 452891/76 323079 2123481 1373482 2093484 693486 373487A 1293487B 2133492 703494 1053495 1733497 1673499 383502 1553505 1113506 1033507 413508 713509 673511 2043512 1173513 1813515 1953520 583521 633522 513525 663526 973528 273532 1303534 1213537 1773538 42

MS no. Text no. MS no. Text no. MS no. Text no.

1. Concordance of tablet numbers in the Schøyen Collection and text numbers in this volume.

8

S e l e c t e d L e t t e r s

3540 1483542 343544 1183545 993546 1973554 613556 1023559 1223561 1653563 1853566 1663568 313569 983573 2143575 2003582 1833584 743585 683589 2083593 493595 1443596 393597 2153598 1323601 1403602 773603 1193605 843607 253608 1633610 1503612 1353614 2163616 2173617 873618 1393619 553623 2013624 169

3625 1153628 953632 1753633 1263635 1013636 573637 803638 853639 1643640 543642 1523653 923656 263657 1963658 563660 793661 2073663 533665 133666 1493668 43670 1133675 1433681 1233682 1083684 443685 2183692 1423695 723696 1143698 1343699 2053701 2193710 363711 1793714 1043715 1623720 1363721 131

3723 1803729 1933731 1513733 1993734 1333735 2113736 1763737 1783738 1073742 123743 2203745 1943751 1203754 1063757 1913759 1093761 1413764 1003766 963768 1903769 1843770 2103771 1983772 943773 863777 1473780 1383781 753783 1823788 1534081 1104163 1924164 1254165 1584662 405009 221

MS no. Text no. MS no. Text no. MS no. Text no.

Con c o r d an c e s

9

1 2517962 2518003 2518014 2525575 2518026 2518137 2518148 2518199 251820

10 25182311 25182212 25263113 25255414 50054615 50054716 50054817 50054918 25181619 25181820 25179921 25182122 25179823 25180624 25179725 25249626 25254527 25241528 50055029 25180330 25181731 25245632 49917333 25194634 25242935 25192636 25259937 252373

38 25238639 25248540 25367341 25239442 25242543 25178144 25257345 25199646 25199147 25198148 25195949 25248250 25178051 25240952 25194853 25255254 25252955 25250856 25254757 25252558 25240759 25196760 25194461 25244262 25197863 25240864 25196865 25195866 25241267 25239668 25247369 25237170 25237971 25239572 25258473 25196474 252472

75 25267076 25196077 25249178 25197779 25254980 25252681 25154182 25181583 25199084 25249485 25252786 25266287 25250688 25197589 25196390 25192491 25194992 25254293 25194294 25266195 25251796 25265597 25241398 25245799 252432

100 252653101 252524102 252444103 252393104 252603105 252381106 252643107 252627108 252571109 252648110 253178111 252392

Text no. CDLI no. Text no. CDLI no. Text no. CDLI no.

2. Concordance of text numbers in this volume and entry numbers in the database of the CuneiformDigital Library Initiative (CDLI), which offers high-resolution images of all the objects published inthis book. The URL of an individual tablet at CDLI is the domain address http://cdli.ucla.edu/followed by the CDLI prefix P and entry number: e.g., text No. 1 has the URL http://cdli.ucla.edu/P251796.

10

S e l e c t e d L e t t e r s

112 251979113 252559114 252585115 252514116 251994117 252399118 252431119 252492120 252640121 252421122 252447123 252570124 251984125 253262126 252522127 251934128 251931129 252374130 252419131 252610132 252487133 252623134 252587135 252501136 252609137 252368138 252669139 252507140 252490141 252650142 252581143 252564144 252484145 251777146 497320147 252666148 252427

149 252555150 252499151 252620152 252531153 252677154 251825155 252389156 251824157 251794158 253263159 251811160 251542161 251951162 252604163 252497164 252528165 252449166 252454167 252384168 251774169 252513170 251929171 251930172 251976173 252382174 500544175 252521176 252625177 252424178 252626179 252600180 252612181 252400182 252672183 252470184 252658185 252451

186 251932187 251938188 251512189 251925190 252657191 252646192 253261193 252618194 252634195 252402196 252546197 252433198 252660199 252622200 252463201 252512202 251986203 251782204 252398205 252588206 250825207 252550208 252477209 252369210 252659211 252624212 252088213 500545214 252461215 252486216 252503217 252505218 252574219 252590220 252632221 254040

Text no. CDLI no. Text no. CDLI no. Text no. CDLI no.

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