1

O’Keefe

2

O’Keefe

Monet Matisse

Manet van Gogh

3

Picasso

Escher

Salvador Dali

Abstract Art Extra Credit (+5 max)

Create an abstract representation of an angiosperm(s) utilizing similar techniques you have seen by some of the greats.

Due 3/14-15

Chapter 38 Quick Overview

Flower Anatomy

Sepals, Petals, Stamens (M), Carpels (F)Male Female

(Stamens) (Carpels)Filament StigmaAnther StylePollen (sperm) Ovary, ovule

Receptacle

Embryo sacs

Pollination:

(pollinating agents)Self pollination vs. self incompatible (“self”/ “nonself”)S-genes (fig. 38.6 + fig. 38.5)Sporophytic and gametophytic self-incompatibility

4

“Self-Incompatibility”prevents Self-Fertilization in some plants

Self/Non-self recognitionHow is this different from humans?

If “SELF” is detected:RNA hydrolyzing enzymes may

destroy pollenOr Stigma maybe affected

Germination

Plants in Motion - Corn germination

Fruit Types

What is the definition of a “true fruit” ?Simple, aggregatemultiple (p.738)

Asexual Reproduction

clone of parentvegetative reproduction, fragmentation, apomixis (unfertilized-- seed production) Protoplast fusion p.742What is monoculture?

CHAPTER 39 Control Systems in Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

What is a hormone anyway?

Hormone:

Greek for “to excite

- produced in a specific area

- travel to another specific area (target organ)

- used in minute concentrations

5

The Main Players

5 PLANT HORMONES to know …and their functions, target sites, plant conditions, examples

auxincytokiningibberellinethyleneabscisic acid

Auxin

IAA (indoleacetic acid)Location: seed embryo; meristems of apical buds and young leavesFunction: stem elongation; root growth, differentiation, branching; fruit development; apical dominance; tropismsAuxin over time

Cytokinins

Modified forms of adenineLocation: roots (and actively growing tissues)Function: root growth and differentiation; cell division and growth; germination; delay senescence (aging); apical dominance (w/ auxin)

Gibberellins

GA3

Location: meristems of apical buds and roots, young leaves, embryo

Function: germination of seed and bud; stem elongation; leaf growth; flowering (bolting); fruit

development; root growth and differentiation

Abscisic acid

ABALocation: leaves, stems, roots, green fruitFunction:

6

Ethylene

Gaseous hormoneLocation: ripening fruit tissue; stem nodes; aging leaves and flowersFunction: fruit ripening; oppositional to auxin (leaf abscission); promotes/inhibits: growth/development of roots, leaves, and flowers; senescence

Chapter 39.2

Daily and Seasonal ResponsesCircadian rhythm (24 hour periodicity)Photoperiodism (phytochromes – red light sensitive)

Short-day plant: light period shorter than a critical length to flower (flowerin late summer, fall, or winter; poinsettias, chrysanthemums)Long-day plant: light period longer than a critical length to flower (flower in late spring or early summer; spinach, radish, lettuce, iris)Day-neutral plant: unaffected by photoperiod (tomatoes, rice, dandelions)Critical night length controls flowering

Let's see this

7

Phototropisms

Cryptochromes (blue light sensitive)Positive is growth toward lightNegative growth away from

Sunflower phototropismsSunflower photomorphogenesis

Thigmotropisms

Morning Glory response

Mimosa plant response– Example of turgor pressure change as well

Gravitropisms

Depends on starch filled vessels (amyloplasts) Orientation changes result in differential growth causing curvature.Roots display positiveStems display negative

Let’s see it

Lab 5 – Cellular Respiration in Germinating Peas

C6H12O6 + O2 - - - > CO2 + H2O

Issue of O2 & CO2 Solution: KOH + CO2 K2CO3

Also PV = nRTso, if water temp and volume is constant then water will move toward lower pressure area. As oxygen is consumed during respiration, its volume is reduced. Net result is a decrease in volume within in the tube and thus a decrease in pressure in the tube (so water will continue to move in as respiration occurs)

Purpose of only rock tube?Allow detection of any changes in volume due to atmospheric pressure changes or temperature changes.