ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT (5TH SEM)

SUBMITTED BY :Abhilash Gour (18)Abhishek Pathode (21)Gajendra Singh (50)Gourav Choudary (66)

What is an Oil Spill?

Release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon Due to human activity

Form of pollutionRefers to marine oil spill

Oil Spill Facts

Takes months or years to clean up

14,000 spills occur each year

Consume 400 million gallons of oil everyday

Deepwater Horizon killed 33% of fish in the area

What affects do Oil Spills have on Animals?

• Strongly affected• Ways to die from Oil

Spill– Feathers are covered

with oil– Hard to fly and escape

predators – Cleaning themselves– Blinding them

Seabirds

•Most die unless humans intervene

Continued

Ways to die from Oil Spills Eat fish that swam in oil Plug the blowhole with oil and

drown

Killer Whales

• Becoming endangered

Sea Otters• Fur gets covered in oil which disrupts air bubbles

-Air bubbles for warmth -Air bubbles to float

• Die from cold waters• Placed in captivity for support

Marine Mammals

Whales and dolphins can come up to breath in oil slicks

Can cause respiratory problems or suffocation

Dolphins have been known to follow clean up ships into slicks

Effects on Wildlife

Decrease water quality

Low dissolved oxygen (DO2) levels have been detected in contaminated areas

DO2 depression have been observed more than 80 km from the well head

DO2 depression likely due to increased biochemical oxygen demand to metabolize oil hydrocarbons

DO2 levels have not approached hypoxic levels

DO2 depression does not seem to be worsening due to mixing of high and low DO2 waters

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Cause Wellhead blowout

April 20, 2010 Killed 11 workers 205.8 million gallons Flowed for 3 months BP was responsible for the spill Largest marine oil spill in history

In the Gulf Region Affected Texas, Florida, Louisiana,

and Mississippi beaches

Methods Of Cleaning

High or low pressure hoses to spray oil off beaches

Sorbents Large sponges that collect

oil Booms

Collects oil off the water Controlled Burning

Reduces amount of oil Skimmers

Boats that removes the oil

Booms

Controlled Burning

Dispersant Use

Breaks up oil before it reaches the beaches and marshes on land

1.8 million gallons were used on the surface and at source of oil leakage – more than has ever been used by the US before

Dispersing the oil causes many marine animals to be subject to oil that would not have been without using dispersants, which have unknown effects

How Dispersant Works

o Sprayed on surface of water, breaks oil down into tiny suspended droplets, over time broken down by oil-eating bacteria, sunlight, and wave action and dispersed throughout the ocean or sinks to the bottom

o Toxic to marine animals that live/spawn/reproduce there, trades one ecosystem for another

Ways of Preventing Oil Spills

Navigation Coast Guard must know

where the tankers can drive

Inspect equipment more Double Hulling

2 layers of watertight hull surface

Prevent/reduces oil spills

Careful as possible when transporting

Double Hull