A lecture onAwareness about

Oil SPILL by

Rajeeva Ranjan Ex-Coast Guard

Website: www.virajcse.com

VirajCSEViraj Clean Sea Enterprises (P) Ltd.

Cau

ses

of S

pill

s

Figure 4: Incidence of Spills < 7 Tonnes by Cause,1974-2002

Figure 5: Incidence of Spills 7-700 Tonnes by Cause, 1974-2002

Spi

lls

Dat

a

Figure 2: Quantities of Oil Spilt

Figure 1: Numbers of Spills over 700 tonnes

Typ

e of

Oil

s

Fat

e of

Mar

ine

Oil

Spi

ll

Fate of Marine Oil Spill in Marine environment

1. Spreading

2. Evaporation

3. Dispersion

4. Emulsification

5. Dissolution

5. Dissolution

6. Oxidation

7. Sedimentation

8. Biodegradation

Ass

essm

ent o

f th

e D

rift

of

a S

lick

V oil = v current + V wind X Q

In which:

V oil = velocity of the oil

V current = velocity of seawater

V wind = velocity of wind at a height of 10 m

Q = empirically established wind speed factor (usually about 3%)

Effects of Oil Spill on Marine & Coastal Resources

• Environmental Impacts

1. Recovery Potential

2. Habitats and Species at Risk

3. Restoration

• Economic Impacts

1. Fishries & Mariculture

• Ecological effects• Recreational Beaches &

sea areas • Port & Marinas • Industrial installations• Fisheries• Marine animals • Marine Birds • Coral communities and

ecosystems • Wetland communities &

ecosystem • Nature reserves and

marine parks

Situation Evaluation and Response Options

1. Identification of sources & incident details

2. Prevention or reduction of further spillages

3. Aerial surveillance, including remote sensing

4. Assessment of the threat

5. Spill response options and their limitations

Oil Spill Cleanup Techniques

• Response at Sea 1. Booms and skimmers 2. In-situ Burning3. Dispersants/Chemicals

• Protecting sensitive resources• Shoreline Clean-up

1. Bioremediation

• Disposal

Oil Spill Cleanup Techniques

1. Chemicals Dispersant

2. Containment and Recovery

3. Shoreline Cleanup

4. Alternative Techniques for Spill Response

1. Chemical Dispersants

c. Shoreline application

a. Vessel spraying b. Aerial spraying

Containment and Recovery

Shoreline Cleanup

b. Oil

a. Strategy

c. Sand beaches

f. Organisation e. Sorbent materials & Bioremediation

d. Rocky Shores

Alternative Techniques for Spill Response

b. Optimum conditions

1. In-Situ Burning a. Ignition

c. Smoke and d. Residue

2. Bioremediation a. Bioremediation

b. Bioaugmentation 3. Landfarming

Website: www.virajcse.com

VirajCSEViraj Clean Sea Enterprises (P) Ltd.