NAGINDAS KHANDWALA

COLLEGE

FOUNDATION COURSEProfessor Sheetal Desai

OIL REFINERIES

MAJOR SOURCE OF POLLUTION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to thank respected

Professor Sheetal Desai for giving us an opportunity to present our views on

pollution by Oil Refineries and creating an awareness amongst the students through the medium of this project.

ROLL NO. NAMES

129 Sneha Kulkarni

130 Falguni Lahera

131 Charmy Lapasia

132 Riddhi Majithia

133 Khushboo Makwana

134 Pooja Makwana

135 Jay Marvania

GROUP MEMBERS

INTRODUCTION An oil refinery is an industrial process plant

where the heavy crude oil which is taken out of the ground is turned into useful products like petroleum, naphtha etc.

On one hand, they provide one of the building blocks of modern life, but on the other hand, they create all kinds of pollution.

Crude Oil

Processing Useful Products

REFINING- MAIN ROLE OF REFINERIES

Refining is the process of converting crude oil and gas into other, more useful chemicals. There are four basic steps in refining…

1. Desalting- Remove salt and Impurities2. Separation- Separate into different products3. Conversion- Modifying the composition4. Blending- Mix different materials to get a

specific product

Crude Oil

Refining = D+S+C+B

Useful Products

Crude oil= complex mixture of hydrocarbon, water, salt etc.

First it is cleaned and separated

Then it is changed from one type of molecule to another to improve its properties

Later different products are blended together to meet specific requirements

This Blended mixture reaches us as gasoline, diesel, lubricants etc.

Pump Jack- Pulling Crude oil out of the ground

Crude Oil = Unprocessed Oil Another name “PETROLEUM” Starting point of many products. Why?

They contain ‘Hydrocarbons’ What is Hydrocarbon?

These are molecules of Hydrogen and Carbon

They come in various lengths and structures like straight chain, branching chain and rings.

Crude Oil- Key Element

OIL REFINERIES AND POLLUTION Oil Refineries pollute air, water, soil and

noise. All refineries pollute the environment at unacceptable and unhealthy levels

Air- Harmful gases emitted by burning crude oil released in air

Water- Water used for cooling and oil leaks are disposed in water

Noise- Improper maintenance of machines cause huge amounts of noise

Pollution from oil refineries near Taj Mahal is turning the white monument into yellow

stone

BEFORE AFTER

The industries are mostly situated along the riverbanks for easy availability of water and also disposal of the wastes like acids, alkalis, dyes and other chemicals.

This results in… Change in pH of water Mass of white foam in rivers Heating up of the water Reduction in oxygen, thermal pollution

Waste water from Refineries

Dead fishes- result of pollution from refineries

When crude oil or coal is heated at the refinery, the sulphur is converted into a gas called sulphur dioxide. It is accompanied many other harmful chemicals in smaller quantities.

Oil refineries cause pollution due to…• Higher levels of SO2 by low quality oil• Accidental fires, explosions and gas leaks• Extensive hydrocarbon and particulate

pollution

Regular emission of harmful gases

Accidental Fires or Explosions

POLLUTION IN INDIA

Arabian sea polluted regularly by refineries Reason is heavy imports leading which

often cause oil spill, leaks etc. Refineries often dispose small amounts of

oil and harmful untreated water at regular basis.

As a result, tar balls on the coast of the sea are a common problem.

Gases emitted by Refineries

Respiratory problems like asthma, chest pain, bronchitis etc.

Other health problems like skin irritation, nausea, leukemia, cancer etc.

High levels of SO2 can cause nausea, throat irritation. Headaches and even death.

Daily exposure to SO2 causes narrowing of air passage in throat, worsen asthma and provoke asthma attacks.

Gases mix with moisture in the air and later result in Acid Rains which harm the ecology

Eutrophication and Thermal pollution

Sewage Algal Bloom Demand for oxygen Depletion for oxygen

Oil leaks and waste water damage the aquatic creatures to a large extent.

Water released by refineries is harmful and is consumed by many fishes in the water bodies. These fishes when consumed by humans cause diseases.

Waste water released by Refineries

OIL SPILL- Darkest side of Refineries

Oil Spill= Release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment due to human activity.

Marine or on Land Different reasons Has a huge impact on environment Clean up may take weeks, months or

years

Reasons for Spills

Spills while DrillingDamaged tankers

General Impacts of Oil Spill

Suffocation and Poisoning

Blinds the creatures

Damage to Mangroves

MOUSSE (Deadly Fevistick)

Tar balls and oily Residue

Reduced Photosynthesis and oxygen absorption

Hypothermia

Impacts on Flora and Fauna in Sea

Flight loss and oil consumption by birds

Food chain imbalance by harming small organisms

Hypothermic death of otters

Kills the Killer

Prevents gaseous exchange

Damage to the breeding grounds of creatures like turtle

Clean up of an Oil Spill

Leave is alone to

settle down

Contain it with booms and collect

using skimmer

equipments

Use Dispersants to break-up

oil and speed its

degradation

Introduce biological agents to

the spill to degrade it

Role of Government and the Citizens

The Government has laid down certain rules for the refineries which include installment of waste water treatment plants, Acid clay process, Vacuum Distillation etc.

The Government is also coming up with contingency plans for prevention of oil spills in the coming years of the country’s development.

Regular environment audit is taken up by the government officials in order to be updated with the activities of the refineries.

The people need to be aware about the impacts of oil refineries They can use their rights in order to know the plans of the

government and also to check whether the refineries are following the same or not.

Thank

You…!!!