Oil Palm Nursery Management

8/12/2019 Oil Palm Nursery Management

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INTRODUCTION

The importance of good nursery practice is crucial. The nursery should be maintained at the

highest standard to ensure production of healthy, vigorous and uniform palms for field planting. In

general, the two-stage polybags nursery should be practice. Any variation from the two-stage

polybags nursery may do so only with the prior approval from the Regional Operating Manager.

CHOICE OF SITE

An ade uate and reliable nearby source of good uality water trough out the year for nursery

watering.

A reasonably level site which is well drainage and note prone to flooding.

A rectangular shape of site to facilitate laying of water pipes and a central road preferred

A convenient nearby supply of good friable sandy clay loam to good structure clay soils for

filling polybag

Avoid soils contaminated by herbicides, lumpy, and stony

A site near as possible to the area proposed for planting where practical, ta!ing into

consideration transportation, security and relevant factors

NURSERY MANAGEMENT



POLYBAG

"mall #$ cm % &' cm () in % * in+ lay-flat perforated of &$ gauge ( . )mm+ should be used.

SOIL MIXTURE

Mi% good friable sandy clay loam soil with & g Roc! hosphate per polybag $ g Roc!

hosphate per #MT.

LAYOUT

The layout should be on a bed basis. The dimensions recommended are as follow/

0idth/ #& cm (1 ft.+

2ength/ #$ cm ($ ft.+ for every hectare of field to be planted. Total length of each bed may e%ceed

) cm (& ft.+

ath/ 3$ cm (&.$ ft.+ between beds.

SHADE

"hade may not be necessary but if provide, should only be temporary.

PRENURSERY



PLANTING

(a+ 4erminated seeds should be carefully chec!ed for defects upon receipt prom the supplier. The

main defect are/

Overgrown seeds

These normally become apparent after #1 days from germination and are characteri5ed by the

appearance of a leaf sheath on the shoot and many rootlets on the e%tended radical (root+.

6rown germ

"eeds affected by brown germ normally have a stubby radical with brown lesions mostly

midway between the plumule and radical.

2ate germinate

Mainly their very thin plumule, early appearance of the leaf sheath and the presence of an

increased number of adventitious roots characteri5e these seeds.

7amage seeds

"eeds with physical damage li!e bro!en or shriveled radical.

(b+ "eeds should be planted appro%imately # cm below the soil surface. "eed must never be

planted upside down nor too deep. 8pside down planting can give rise to twisted leaf.

(c+ After planting a layer of mulch is recommended. 6ro!en shells and well rotted cyclone fibre

from the soil mill are suitable mulching materials.

(d+ 7oubletons- In a normal seed consignment, there is always some percentage of seed that

produce two or three shoots.



WATERING

"eedling should be watered twice daily e%cept on rainy days. 9nsure that the soil in the polybags is

moist but not in a saturated condition. Type watering is manual manuring.

WEEDING

Regular hand weeding rounds should be carried out.

CENSUS AND CULLING

Two census rounds should be carried out during the pre-nursery stage.

#st census-at about ) wee!s after planting to determine the percentage of planting failure.

&ndcensus-at ' months after planting (during transfer to the main nursery+ to determine the

percentage of planting failure.



POLYBAG

2arge ': cm % $ cm (#$ in % & in+ lay-flat blac! perforated polybags of $ gauge should be

used.

SOIL MIXTURE

a+ The best available topsoil of good structure should be used. "andy clay loam to good structure

clay soil is suitable for oil palm growth.

b+ Mi% roc! phosphate at appro%imately $ ;g to # Mt of soil during soil polybag filling stages for

main nursery.

c+ olybags should be filled at least two wee!s before seed sowing and well watered to allow soil

consolidation. The soil surface after settling should not be less than &.$ cm (# in+ from the lip of

the bag.

LAYOUT

a+ The polybag should be arrange at * cm (' ft+ triangular spacing for seedling to be retain in

nursery not e%ceeding #$ months.

b+ At * cm (' ft+ triangular spacing it will give a stand of appro%imately #&, polybags per

hactare.

MAIN NURSERY



TRANSPLANTING TO MAIN NURSERY

a+ Transplanting of pre-seedling to the main nursery should be carried out at ' leaf stage, which

will be between ' to 1 months from planting of germinated

WATERING

(a+ In the main nursery, watering should be carried out at least once a day at about #.$ litres per

bag e%cept on rainy day. "o in one day should be & watering per day.

(b+ 0atering is perhaps the most important re uirement in a polybag nursery.

(c+ 0atering induce the growth of oil palm in nursery.

(d+ In the main nursery,several irrigation system is overhead sprin!ler.

(e+ The overhead sprin!ler used is ) ft and distance between sprin!ler is & metres.



WEEDING

a+ The need for carrying out a clean weeding policy is depend on the condition of the area.

b+ "uitable chemical used in main nursery/

<ungicide /Antracol 3 wp======.' ml>#:2 ? &O

0eedicide /6asta========& ml>#:2 ? &O

Insecticide / @urelle-7-$ $====== .$> .# ml>#:2 ? &O

/ Tedion=========# ml>#:2 ? &O

/ Attac!=========.# ml>#:2 ? &O

2i uid fertili5er/ 6ayfolan======..& ml>#:2 ? &O

c+ 4lyphosate and Amine are not to be used in the nursery.



CENSUS AND CULLING

Three rounds of census and culling must be carried out during the growth of seedling in the main

nursery/

• #st census- at ' to 1 months after planting. 7uring transplanting to main nursery.

• &nd and ' rd census- at : months and ust before field planting.

TIMING OF TRANSPLANTING TO FIELD

The optimum age of seedling for field planting is #& to #$ months from germinate seed stage.

"eedling with age more than #: months will be call as A M or Advance lanting Material. A M

usually is used for replacing dead palm in a field with less than # years of age.



OIL PALM NURSERY ACTIVITY

"eed reparation of medium for seeds germ

under shade area

"eeds planted into medium of small "eedlings in small polybags ('months+polybags

Medium in large polybags that arranged Transplanting of seedling into big

triangle big polybag.



"eedlings transplanted to main nurery 0atering system (sprin!ler+

0eeds management

(weedicide spraying+



a+ 7estroy immediately all discarded seedlings.

b+ In well managed nurseries, up to &$D culling rate may be accepted.

c+<ew individual seedlings severely affected by disease e.g. Curvularia and anthracnose

should be discarded and destroyed.

?owever, if large numbers are affected, treatment with appropriate fungicide is necessary.

PRENURSERY AND EARLY STAGES OF SINGLE STAGE NURSERY



A normal, well grown seedling is shown below.

Types of u !es"#$%&e see!&" 's fo# !"s($#!" ' $#e s)o* $ ! !es(#"%e %e&o*+

A normal, well grown seedling in theprenursery, to be retained fortransplanting into large polybag.

TWISTED SHOOTCoiled leaves and twisted stem.

• @ot genetic in origin• Caused by seed having been

planted upside down.

GRASS LEAF , ON RIGHT -Also !nown as Enarrow leafF.• 2eaves are narrow, erect and

grass-li!e.• Compare with normal seedling

on left.

ROLLED LEAF• 2eaf lamina is rolled along its

lon a%is.



MAIN NURSERY AND LATER STAGES OF SINGLE STAGE NURSERY

COLLANTE• "evere constriction around

central part lamina prevents fullleaf e%pansion. 7elay cullingGimprovement in watering regimeis recommended.

• "ubse uently cull only persistentcases which do not recover withimproved watering.

• Mild cases of leaf crin!ling

generally recover with improved wateringG these should not beculled.

• Only severe and persistentcases should be discarded.

CHIMAERA• Intensity, distribution and

duration of this phenomenonvary.



NARROW PINNAE+innae are narrow and rolled alongtheir a%is, they appear needle-li!e.innae are also usually borne at veryacute angles to the rachis.

0UVENILE+9vident in order seedlings wherepinnae remain permanently undevidedor only partially differentiated.

WIDE INTERNODES+innae are spaced very wide on therachis.The seedling appears very open.0here seedlings are ade uatelyspaced, wide internode is genetic in

origin.

WIDE INTRERNODES+0ide inrernodes shown in close-upabove. caution / where seedlings arecrowded, wide internodes are seen. remedy / space ou seedlings,gradual recovery is seen in new fronds



ACUTE PINNAE INSERTIONClose-up showing acute pinnaeinsertion.

Oil Palm Nursery Management

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