OIL PALM BIOMASS UTILISATION -SIME DARBY’S...
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Transcript of OIL PALM BIOMASS UTILISATION -SIME DARBY’S...
OIL PALM BIOMASS UTILISATION- SIME DARBY’S EXPERIENCE
Contents
� Introduction� Oil palm biomass
� Biomass availability� Selection of feedstock� Feedstock value
� Biomass utilisation� Composting� Sugar extraction
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� Sugar extraction� Energy production (Bio-ethanol)� Biomas for Biogas
� Conclusions
Introduction
� Increasing interest in sustainability: � High energy price (petroleum based liquid fuel)� Environmental impact
� Energy demands� Transportation fuel keep increasing� Programmes and policies – to increase uses of RE fuel to
substitute fossil based fuel� Environmental impact
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� Environmental impact� Increasing demand for “Green Chemicals” from bio-
based products � Consumer awareness and preference for environmentally
friendly products� Huge opportunity for “Waste to Wealth” utilising non-food
by-products from oil palm biomas, potentially 10 times the CPO quantity produced.
Sime Darby Plantations
Total landbank at 873,222 hectares :• Malaysia – 359,869 hectares• Indonesia – 285,571 hectares• Liberia – 227,782 hectares
Malaysia Indonesia Total
Number of Mills 37 24 64
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Total Land bank Area (ha) 359,869 285,571 645,440
Total Oil Palm Planted Area (ha) 314,035 207,889 521,924
FFB Produced (mil mt in 2012) 6.30 3.50 9.80
Total Rubber Planted Area (ha) 8,086 - 8,086
Oil Palm Biomass Availability
Oil Palm Biomass Malaysia (Mil mt/yr)
Indonesia (Mil mt/yr)
Total (Mil mt/yr)
Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) 1.39 0.77 2.16
Palm Trunk (5% replanting/yr) 1.18 0.78 1.96
Fronds 7.85 5.20 13.05
POME 4.73 2.63 7.35
5% of FFB processed
* mt/ha.yr
Palm Shell 0.32 0.18 0.49
Palm Mesocarp 0.79 0.44 1.23
Oil Palm biomassDry
matter(mt/ha)
Nutrient (kg /ha)
N P K Mg
Trunks 75.5 368.2 35.5 527.4 88.3
Fronds
Nutrient Availability of Oil Palm Biomass
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Fronds
(from replanting)14.4 150.1 13.9 193.9 24.0
Fronds
(from pruning)10.4 5.4 10.0 139.4 17.2
Empty fruit bunches 1.6 107.9 0.4 35.3 2.7
Source : MPOB Publication
Selection of Feedstock
� EFB always the first choice for OP biomass� Abundant, all year round availability, strategically collected
at palm oil mills � Ideal feedstock to replace conventional raw material that
are meant for food� Biomass for 2nd generation biofuel/green chemicals� ‘Food vs. Fuel’ issue
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Selection of Feedstock
� Other type of biomass suitability:� Nutrient value; trunk = EFB� Sap from trunk; high sugar
� Trunk� Issue on handling, logistic and
storage� Availability during replanting
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� Fronds� Nutrient supplier in plantation,
moisture retainment � Available all year round� Logistic and storage
� Palm Shell� Scattered depending to mill
location� Small quantity
Feedstock Value
� What is a fair value of EFB?� Based on nutrient composition of EFB
Element% on Fresh EFB
Mean Range
N 0.37 0.32 – 0.43
P 0.04 0.03 – 0.04
K 0.91 0.89 – 0.94
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K 0.91 0.89 – 0.94
Mg 0.08 0.07 – 0.10
� Fertilizer value of 1 mt EFB = RM 45 to 60� Agronomy study on EFB mulching indicated higher yield app 5 –
10% against inorganic fertiliser� Sustainability
� Other OP biomass value :� Trunk� Fronds� Effluent
Biomass
Mesocarp Fiber
1. Compost
Empty Empty Fruit Bunch
Fronds Palm TrunkShell
1. Compost 1. Animal Feed 1. Plywood1. Activated
Oil Palm Biomass Utilisation
1. Compost
2. Boiler Fuel
3. Dry fibre
1. Compost
2. Industrial Fiber
3. Bio-ethanol
4. Industrial sugar
5. Lignin
6. Boiler Fuel
7. Solid fuel
8. MDF
9. Pulp & Paper
10. Bio-oil &
Charcoal
11. Green
Chemicals
1. Animal Feed
2. Particle Board
3. Furniture
4. Sugar
5. Green
chemicals
1. Plywood
2. Lumber
3. Furniture
4. Compost
5. Biofuel
6. Industrial
sugar
7. Bio-oil
8. Fertilizer
replacement
1. Activated
Carbon
2. Boiler Fuel
3. Solid Fuel
4. Cement
additive
5. CMS, CNT
Biomass – Composting
� EFB is widely used for compost production� High fertiliser cost� Carbon cycle/sustainability
� 21 composting plant, 70% of total EFB produced
� Issues with compost� Inconsistent product quality
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� Inconsistent product quality� Application method
� Continuous research:� Increase & consistent
nutrient value� Simplified product
application
• Pelletising and granulating of the compost simplify the in-field compost application.
• High power for drying and grinding.
• Granulator requires much lower power requirement.
• Spreader could be used to apply the compost in granuleform
Pelletisation and Granulation of Compost
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Oil palm trunks(%)
Oil palm fronds(%)
Empty fruit bunches(%)
Lignin 18.1 18.3 21.2
Hemicellulose 25.3 33.9 24.0
Proximate Analysis of Oil Palm Biomass
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αααα-cellulose 45.9 46.6 41.0
Holocellulose 71.2 80.5 65.0
Ash 1.1 2.5 3.5
Source : Astimar et al., 2009
Biomass – Sugar Extraction
EFB Trunks Fronds Fiber
Glucose (g/g of DM) C6 0.43 0.65 0.47 0.23
Xylose (g/g of DM) C5 0.26 0.12 0.24 0.18
Total fermentable sugar (g/g of DM)
0.69 0.77 0.71 0.41
Source: Malaysia-Danish Environment Corporation Programme Report 2008
� High potential feedstock� Trials (pilot scale) must be carried out in Malaysia to ensure
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� Trials (pilot scale) must be carried out in Malaysia to ensure reliable data and information
� Pre-treatment of feedstock is very important to ensure high yield and high efficiency process
� Selection of pre-treatment – by-products management� Ready for post process – production of bio-chemical
products, biopolymer
A
Transesterification
Hydrolysis-Fermentation
Pyrolysis-hydrogenation
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Hydrocarbon/bio-oil
Vegetable Oil
Sugar & StarchBiofuels for Transport
GreenChemicals
Upgrading process
Raw material Process Product Final Use
Biomass – Energy Production
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Adapted from European Biomass Industry Association (EUBIA) 2007
hydrogenation
Fisher-tropsch
Gasification
Pelletisation
Anaerobic Digestion
Producer gas
Pellets
Biogas
Ligno-cellulosicBiomass
Wet Biomass
Biofuels for power
generation, heating and industrial
applications
process
EFB for Bio-Ethanol Production
• Conducted pilot plant evaluation on EFB conversion to Bio-ethanol.
• Required feedstock conditioning to reduce oil content, homogenity for pre-treatment
• High ethanol conversion, but dependant to enzyme dosage
• Feasibility highly dependant to value of feedstock (EFB), by-product utilisation and enzyme cost
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by-product utilisation and enzyme cost
POME
� Direct Conventional Application
� Compost product
� Fertiliser
� Animal Feed
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
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Organic AcidsBiogas (Methane)
� Electricity
� Heat
� Vehicle fuel
(CNGV)
� Cooking fuel
� Acetic
� Propionic
� Butyric
� Biodegradable
plastics
POM Effluent for Biogas Production
� Substantial improvement of Carbon footprint � 60-65% CH4, 35-40% CO2, H2S� Potential usage
� Electricity – gas engine, co-generation, boiler fuel� Energy/fuel – compressed bio-methane (CNGV)
� Committed for biogas capturing before year 2020
� Issues :� POME for composting –
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� POME for composting –less POME for biogas
� POME quality� Inconsistency on biogas
production� Front-end improvement –
less POME production� Process efficiency –
mixing, mesophilic vs thermophilic
Conclusion & Way Forward
� Sime Darby focused on sustainability – recyling of biomass, minimise emission
� Potential to maximise value of OP biomass� Sugar extraction� End products – not fully explored� Niche “Green Chemical” industry
� Significant reduction in GHG emission by utilising the
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� Significant reduction in GHG emission by utilising the biomass
� Challenges� Biomas utilisation vs “return to soil”� Financial viability of the projects – logistic, storage,
market� Expensive compared to fossil fuel – product value
Thank You
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