OGTOGT A Glossary of A Glossary of

terms for the terms for the Ohio Graduation Ohio Graduation

TestTestTerms 62-71Terms 62-71

NAACPNAACP (National Association for the Advancement of (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)Colored People)

African American African American organization organization formed to fight formed to fight for civil rights. for civil rights. NAACP lawyers NAACP lawyers brought the brought the Brown v. Board Brown v. Board of Education of Education case to the case to the Supreme Court.Supreme Court.(82)(82)

In 1964, President Lyndon Johnson persuaded Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act, which outlawed racial discrimination in public places, such as theaters, cafeterias and hotels.

This was an attempt to A. maintain poll taxes for

African-Americans. B. stop African-American

northward migration. C. end segregation legalized

by Jim Crow laws. D. segregate public busing in

major American cities.

C

2008 Test Question2008 Test Question

What was one perspective of African-Americans that was reflected in the founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

A. the desire to preserve cultural traditionsB. the desire to end racial discriminationC. the belief that segregation was necessary

to maintain social orderD. the belief that collective bargaining would

lead to higher incomes

B

2009 Test Question2009 Test Question

What was one perspective of African-Americans that wasWhat was one perspective of African-Americans that was

reflected in the founding of the National Association for thereflected in the founding of the National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?

A. the hope of encouraging widespread emigration to AfricaA. the hope of encouraging widespread emigration to Africa

B. the belief that racial segregation was justified in all B. the belief that racial segregation was justified in all circumstancescircumstances

C. the goal of forming a new political party to represent C. the goal of forming a new political party to represent African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

D. the desire to bring about legal and social equality for D. the desire to bring about legal and social equality for African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

D

NAFTA (North American Free Trade NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)Agreement)

An agreement An agreement among the among the United States, United States, Canada and Canada and Mexico. Mexico. Customs duties Customs duties on goods from on goods from within the region within the region are lower than are lower than they are for they are for goods outside it. goods outside it. (96)(96)

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a treaty designed to remove tariffs and other trade barriers between Canada, Mexico and the United States. This helped establish an economic region among those nations because

A. participants enlarged their dependence on domestic markets.

B. participants terminated trade relationships with other regions.

C. participants imposed tariffs on goods imported from other countries.

D. trade among participants increased, making their economies more interdependent.

D

NATIONALISMNATIONALISM

The belief that each ethnic The belief that each ethnic group or “nationality” is group or “nationality” is entitled to its own entitled to its own government and national government and national homeland. (43)homeland. (43)

NATONATO (North Atlantic Treaty (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)Organization)

A military alliance between A military alliance between the United States, Canada, the United States, Canada, and Western European and Western European nations to defend against nations to defend against Communism. (53)Communism. (53)

NAZISMNAZISM

German political German political movement led by movement led by Adolf Hitler, based on Adolf Hitler, based on the principles of the principles of dictatorship, violence dictatorship, violence and aggression. (46)and aggression. (46)

NEW DEALNEW DEALPrograms introduced by Programs introduced by

President Franklin D. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to fight the Great Roosevelt to fight the Great Depression; the New Deal Depression; the New Deal included social and economic included social and economic programs to lower programs to lower unemployment and regulate unemployment and regulate the economy. (68)the economy. (68)

NEW DEALNEW DEAL

NINETEENTH AMENDMENTNINETEENTH AMENDMENT

A constitutional A constitutional amendment in amendment in 1920 that 1920 that guaranteed women guaranteed women the right to vote. the right to vote. (66)(66)

This cartoon could be used to support the thesis that opposition to women’s suffrage was A. based on unemployment statistics comparing men and women. B. stronger among women than among men. C. stronger in western states than in eastern states. D. based on stereotyping of women’s roles. D

2008 Question2008 Question

Although the 14th Amendment to the Constitution extended the rights of citizenship to “all persons” born or naturalized in the United States, discrimination on the basis of gender still existed throughout much of the country during the late 1800s. Which was consequence of this discrimination?

A. the end of the military draft for womenB. the growth of the women’s suffrage

movement C. the beginning of sit-ins to desegregate lunch

countersD. the continuation of efforts to end university

admissions quotas

B

2009 Question2009 QuestionThe United States Constitution is a living The United States Constitution is a living

document that changes over time as a result document that changes over time as a result of amendments and Supreme Court of amendments and Supreme Court decisions. decisions.

How did the Constitution change as a result of How did the Constitution change as a result of the 19th Amendment?the 19th Amendment?

A. The voting rights of women were expanded.A. The voting rights of women were expanded.

B. The civil rights of Native Americans were B. The civil rights of Native Americans were restricted.restricted.

C. The civil rights of African-Americans were C. The civil rights of African-Americans were protected.protected.

D. The voting rights of property owners were D. The voting rights of property owners were expanded.expanded.

A

PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACYPARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY

A form of A form of government in government in which voters which voters elect the elect the legislature legislature (Parliament), (Parliament), and Parliament and Parliament in turn chooses in turn chooses the chief the chief executive (Prime executive (Prime Minister). (134)Minister). (134)

Voters Elect

Legislature(Parliament)

Chief Executive(Prime Minister) Judiciary

PER CAPITA INCOMEPER CAPITA INCOME

Average annual Average annual income of people in a income of people in a country.(97)country.(97)

PRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACYPRESIDENTIAL DEMOCRACY

A form of A form of government where government where there is a there is a separation of separation of powers between powers between the legislature and the legislature and chief executive. chief executive. People elect People elect legislators and the legislators and the President. (134)President. (134)

Voters Elect

Legislature(Congress)

Chief Executive(President)

Judiciary

Voters Elect

Legislature(Congress)

Chief Executive(President)

Judiciary

Presidential Democracy

Voters Elect

Legislature(Parliament)

Chief Executive(Prime Minister) Judiciary

Parliamentary Democracy

According to the information in the diagrams, what is the difference in the relationship between the executive and the legislature in the two types of democracies? A. In a presidential democracy, the executive is more accountable to the legislature. B. In a presidential democracy, the legislature is more accountable to the executive. C. In a presidential democracy, the executive and the legislature are directly accountable to the citizens. D. In a presidential democracy, the executive and the legislature are less accountable to the citizens.

Par/Pres Dem. ????

C

2008 Question2008 Question

Citizens in presidential democracies and parliamentary democracies typically achieve governmental change by

A. going on strike.B. voting in elections.C. serving in the military.D. engaging in revolution.

B

2008 Question2008 Question

A group of citizens organizes a peaceful march through the streets of their nation’s capital. They carry signs calling for the nation’s leader to resign.

Describe how likely this type of protest could be held in a presidential democracy and in a dictatorship.

Explain the reason for these differences.Write your answer in the Answer

Document. (2 points)

2009 Question2009 Question

What method is typically used by What method is typically used by citizens in parliamentary and citizens in parliamentary and presidential democracies to achieve presidential democracies to achieve governmental change?governmental change?

A. electionsA. elections

B. revolutionB. revolution

C. civil warC. civil war

D. secessionD. secessionA