1. Northwest High SchoolClass of 2014 OGT SCIENCE REVIEW

2. Define conduction,convection, and radiation.Give an example of each.ConductionConvection RadiationNext QuestionTest Yourself 3. Conduction DefinitionExampleThe transfer ofA metal pot on theheat across astove is heatedmedium from awhen the burner issource of higher on.temperature to asource of lowertemperatureNext Question Take Me Back 4. ConvectionDefinition ExampleThe process by Steam rises from awhich heat ispot of boilingtransferred by the Watermovement of aheated fluid (gasor liquid).Next Question Take Me Back 5. Radiation DefinitionExampleThe transfer ofEarth is heated byheat byelectromagneticelectromagneticwaves that travelwaves. This form through spaceof heat transfer from the sun.does not need amedium.Next Question Take Me Back 6. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on thestove becomes hot.ConductionConvectionRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 7. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on thestove becomes hot.Conduction - CORRECTConvectionRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 8. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on thestove becomes hot.ConductionConvection INCORRECT TRY AGAINRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 9. Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on thestove becomes hot.ConductionConvectionRadiation Incorrect Try againNext Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 10. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by acampfire.ConductionConvectionRadiationNext Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 11. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by acampfire.Conduction Incorrect Try againConvectionRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 12. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by acampfire.ConductionConvection INCORRECT TRY AGAINRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 13. Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by acampfire.ConductionConvectionRadiation CorrectNext Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 14. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earths equatorrises; cold air at its poles sinks.ConductionConvectionRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 15. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earths equatorrises; cold air at its poles sinks.Conduction Incorrect Try againConvectionRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 16. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earths equatorrises; cold air at its poles sinks.ConductionConvection CORRECTRadiation Next Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 17. Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earths equatorrises; cold air at its poles sinks.ConductionConvectionRadiation Incorrect Try againNext Test Yourself QuestioNext Question 18. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used toproduce images of the body.ConductionConvectionRadiationNext Question 19. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used toproduce images of the body.Conduction Incorrect Try againConvectionRadiationNext Question 20. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used toproduce images of the body.ConductionConvection Incorrect Try againRadiationNext Question 21. Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used toproduce images of the body.ConductionConvectionRadiation - CorrectNext Question 22. Biomes Define Biome Name 6 common biomes.Describe theNext Question 23. Biomes Define BiomeA biome is a distinct ecologicalcommunity of plants and animalsliving together in a particularclimate.Next QuestionBack to Biomes 24. BiomesName 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each.1. Arctic Tundra dry and wet seasons; Cold2. Deciduous Forest moisture evenly distributed; warm summers, cold winters3. Desert sporadic, localized moisture; great daily range of temperature.Next QuestionNext Page of Biomes 25. BiomesName 6 common biomes. Describe the climate of each.Coniferous Forest moisture varies throughout year; cold winters, cool summers.Tropical Forest long wet season with short dry season; hot3. Temperate Grassland wet and dry seasons; hotNext Questionor Back to Biomes 26. List some causes ofweather. Solar Energy heats air and land Elevation temperature falls withincreased elevation Nearness to large bodies of water humidity and temperature are affected Temperature determines how muchwater vapor air can hold Air Pressure produces wind and airmass patternsNext Question 27. What is the greenhouseeffect? Carbon dioxide and other gases inthe atmosphere prevent the sunsheat energy from radiating back intospace from Earth.Next Question 28. How is the theory of globalwarming related to the greenhouse effect? The burning of fossil fuels increasesthe carbon dioxide (CO2) in theatmosphere. Because CO2 absorbs heat, theatmosphere may become warmer.Next Question 29. Plate Tectonics Explain the theory of plate tectonics What are some events that change the Explain continental drift. Look at a ma Define tectonic termsNext Question 30. Plate Tectonics As the plates that make up theEarths surface shift, they can causethe Earths surface to change.Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonics 31. Plate Tectonics Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountaincreation, and sea floor spreading areexamples of events that change theEarths surface.Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonics 32. Plate Tectonics Scientists believe that 200 millionyears ago, Earths continents werejoined together, forming a super-continent called Pangaea. As thetectonic plates under the continentsshifted, Pangaea broke up, and thecontinents moved apart.Next QuestionBack to Plate Tectonics 33. Plate Tectonics Tectonic Plates Moving sheets of rock that form Earthssurface Theory of plate tectonics Theory that explains how a few thin, rigidtectonic plates move across Earths surface Mantle convectionForce deep within the Earth, driven by internalheat, that moves continents and the plates ofwhich they are a part.Next QuestionorBack to Plate Tectonics 34. List some severe weatherpatterns Explain each pattern and tell whereit is found Tropical Storms Tornadoes MonsoonsNext Question 35. List some severe weatherpatterns Tropical Storms And hurricanes Start as low-pressure areas overwarm waters Gain strength from warm water, butdiminish when they reach land Usually begin in tropical areas wherethe water is the warmestNext Question Back to Sever Weather 36. List some severe weatherpatterns Tornadoes Rotating air funnels that descendfrom storm clouds Can reach air speeds in excess of300 mph Found throughout the world, but arecommon in central US states likeOklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois andOhioNext QuestionBack to Sever Weather 37. List some severe weatherpatterns Monsoons Wind systems that seasonallyreverse direction Winds bring rain inland from theocean in the summer, and theyoften bring drought from thecontinent interior during the winter. Found over the Asian continent andAustraliaNext QuestionBack to Sever Weather 38. Describe ways of estimatinggeologic time. Radiometric dating Based on the half-life of radioactive isotopesthat is used to determine the age of materials Rock sequencing Analyzing the order of rock strata to estimatetheir relative ages; Rocks lower in the ordertend to be older than those near the top. Fossils Remains or traces of prehistoric organismsthat are often formed when tissue is replacedwith mineralsNext Question 39. Atomic Theory What is and element? Give andexample. An element is a basic substance made of asingle type of atom (hydrogen, carbon, gold) How are atoms and moleculesrelated to elements? Molecules are chemical combinations of two ormore atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen cancombine to make a molecule of water (H2O)Next Question 40. Fission and Fusion What is Fission? What is Fusion? Test YourselfNext Question 41. What is Fission? Fission is a reaction that producesenergy when heavy radioactivenucleus splits apart into fragments. The mass of the fragments is lessthan the mass of the originalisotope.Next Question Back to Fission and Fusion 42. What is Fusion? Fusion is a process in which twonuclei come together to form athird, larger nucleus. Energy is released when the largernucleus is produced.Next QuestionBack to Fission and Fusion 43. Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in theintense heat of stars Fission FusionNext Question Next Test Yourself Question 44. Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in theintense heat of stars Fission Incorrect Try again! FusionNext QuestionNext Test Yourself Question 45. Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in theintense heat of stars Fission Fusion - CorrectNext Question Next Test Yourself Question 46. Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 torelease energy Fission FusionNext Question Next Test Yourself Question 47. Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 torelease energy Fission - Correct FusionNext QuestionNext Test Yourself Question 48. Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 torelease energy Fission Fusion Incorrect Try Again!Next Question Next Test Yourself Question 49. Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclearsubmarines reactor. Fission FusionNext Question 50. Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclearsubmarines reactor. Fission - Correct FusionNext Question 51. Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclearsubmarines reactor. Fission Fusion Incorrect Try Again!Next Question 52. What about stars? How are stars created? How do stars produce energy? How are stars responsible for the creaNext Question 53. How are stars created? A new star forms when a huge cloud(made of hydrogen and othermatter) collapses in space. Gravity at the center of the new starcreates great heat.Next Question Back to About Stars 54. How do stars produceenergy? The intense heat inside a starcauses the hydrogen protons tomove so rapidly that they jointogether or fuse. This process, fusion, is a nuclearreaction that creates energy. The star starts to glow.Next QuestionBack to About Stars 55. How are stars responsible forthe creation of elements? Ongoing fusion of protons in starsresults in many different protoncombinations. Each different combination ofprotons is an element. After millions of years some starsexplode, releasing many differentelements into space.Next Question Back to About Stars 56. Energy Define potential energy. Define kinetic energy.Next Question 57. Potential Energy The energy of position. Example: an eraser sitting on atable has less potential energy thanan eraser sitting on top of an 8 footladder.The pendulum at the top ofits swing has more potentialenergy than when it is mid-way through its swingNext QuestionBack to Energy 58. Kinetic Energy The energy of Motion. Example: is a pendulum in motionNext Question Back to Energy 59. Newtons Laws of Motion1. Unless acted on by an outside force, a body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains in motion. (Inertia)2. Change of motion is proportional to the force used to produce the change.3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.Next Question 60. How do Science andinvention affect one another?1. Invention uses known scientific principles to make something work better or create a new tool Example: Discovery of electro-magnetic waves led to the invention of radio, television and X-Rays.2. Using new tools (inventions) allows scientists to determine unknown scientific principles and new information Example: The Hubble Space Telescopeallows scientists to learn more about thesolar systemNext Question 61. More Atomic Theory Draw a simple model (Bohr model) of an Which part gives the atomic number? How would you make your atom an ion? How would you make your atom an isotoNext Question 62. Simple model of atomNext Question Back to More Atomic Theory 63. Which part gives the atomicnumber? The number of protons gives theelement its atomic number.Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory 64. How would you make youratom an ion? The atom becomes an ion(electrically charged) when it losesor gains an electron.Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory 65. How would you make youratom an isotope? An isotope has extra neutrons,increasing the mass of the atom.Next QuestionBack to More Atomic Theory 66. Physical Properties ofSubstances Color Density Gold is yellow Lead is more Hardness dense, feather is less dense Diamonds are thehardest mineral Ductility Conductivity Copper can be pulled into a wire Copper conductselectricity Magnetism Iron is attracted to a magnetNext Question 67. Electricity How does electric Explain what makescurrent flow?some materials Electric current conductors andflows when others insulatorselectrons move Conductors:freely materials with loosely held electrons (copper) Insulators: materials with electrons tightly bound to their atoms (clay, rubber)Next Question 68. Waves Define a wave. A wave is a traveling disturbance thattransfers energy from one place toanother Name some types of waves. Some types of waves include sound,seismic, water and light waves. Which type does not need matter totravel?Light waves do not need matter toNext travelQuestion 69. Periodic Table Information What is the periodic table of elements? Identify the part of the element squareNext Question 70. Periodic Table Information The table is an organizational tabledeveloped by Mendeleev in 1869. Elements are arranged in rows byincreasing atomic number. Elements in the same column havesimilar chemical properties.Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information 71. Periodic Table InformationAtomic NumberAtomic Mass11.00794 Symbol HElementName Hydrogen Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information 72. Changes in Matter What is a physical change in matter? (GiveExamples) What is a chemical change in matter? (GiveExamples)Next Question 73. Physical Change in Matter A change in the phase (state) ofmatter. Or, a change in which parts do notlose their identity Examples: Ice melting to water; sugar dissolvingin waterNext Question Back to Changes in Matter 74. Chemical Change in Matter A reaction that causes a change inthe properties of matter. It is usually difficult to reverse. Examples: Spilling bleach on a pair of jeans,changing the color. A stick burning in a campfire.Next QuestionBack to Changes in Matter 75. Force, Acceleration, Friction Describe how force, acceleration andmass relate in the action of kicking asoccer ball. What is friction? How does it affectacceleration of a soccer ball.Next Question 76. Describe how force, acceleration and massrelate in the action of kicking a soccer ball. F = m*a (Newtons second law ofmotion. Force applied to the mass results inacceleration. The greater the force applied to a givenmass, the greater the acceleration.Therefore, if you kick the soccer ball withmore force, it will speed up faster.Next QuestionBack to Force, Acceleration, friction 77. What is friction? How does it affectacceleration in the action of kicking a soccerball? Friction is a surface force directlyopposing. Friction decreases the speed of amoving object. A soccer ball kicked opposingrelative on the ground will losespeed faster than a ball kicked inthe air.Next QuestionBack to Force, Acceleration, friction 78. Conserving Energy What is the law of conservation of en Give some examples of conservingenergy resources.Next Question 79. What is the law ofconservation of energy? In any physical or chemicalchange, energy is neither creatednor destroyed.Next Question Back to Conserving Energy 80. Conserving Energy Recycling Buying fuel-efficient automobiles Riding a bike instead of driving Insulating buildingsNext Question Back to Conserving Energy 81. Radioactivity Define radioactivity Give an example of one beneficial use.Next Question 82. Define Radioactivity Spontaneous release of energy bycertain atoms, such as uranium, asthese atoms disintegrate. It is the emission of one or morekinds of radiation from an isotopewith unstable nucleiNext QuestionBack to Radioactivity 83. Beneficial Example ofRadioactivity Helps doctors to see thedevelopment of cancer by usingradioactive liquid travelingthroughout the body. The radioactive liquid highlightsmasses in the body and projectsthose masses to an x-rayNext Question Back to Radioactivity 84. Ozone Layer What is the ozone layer and why is it i Why are there holes in the ozone lay What is being done about CFCs?Next Question 85. What is the ozone layer? The ozone layer is a layer in thestratosphere that absorbs ultravioletrays from the sun This keeps most of the life-harmingrays from reaching the EarthssurfaceNext QuestionBack to Ozone Layer 86. Why are their holes in theozone layer? Certain chemicals react with ozone,destroying it. Chlorofluorcarbons (CFCs) onceused in refrigerators and aerosolcans were released into theatmosphere. The CFCs destroyed the ozone layercreating a hole or thin layer especially over the AntarcticNext QuestionBack to Ozone Layer 87. What is being done aboutCFCs? In 1986 the International Congressin Montreal produced a treaty toreduce and then ban CFC productionby 1996Next QuestionBack to Ozone Layer 88. Scientific MethodOrganize the following 1. Test hypothesis 5 steps to scientifically2. Plan test with solve a problem:materials and 41. Develop a methods. hypothesis33. Do background 22. Ask a questionresearch based on 1 4. Report findings 8 observation5. Record and3. Draw conclusion 7 analyze data 6 Hit enter to see Next Question correct sequence! 89. Evolution and Scientists The individuals listed below played arole in the development ofevolutionary theory. Match themwith their concept.Click to see listNext Question 90. Evolution and Scientists - List The earth is very old, and it wasa) Charles Darwin 1. formed by gradual processesb) Jean Baptist 2. Events during an organisms lifetime can produce changes that Lamarkcan be inheritedc) Charles Lyell3. The human population was growing so rapidly that it wouldd) Thomassomeday exceed available resources Malthus4. Organisms that are best adaptede) Gregor Mendel to their environment survive5. Offspring can resemble or differ from parents because of the unit of inheritance (gene). Next Question Click or hit enter to see matches 91. Mitosis or MeiosisMitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 92. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell Wrong3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 93. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell Correct3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 94. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are Correct identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 95. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are Wrong identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 96. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetradsWrong5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 97. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetradsCorrect5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 98. Mitosis or MeiosisMitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell Correct divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 99. Mitosis or MeiosisMitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell Wrong divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedNext Question 100. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedWrongNext Question 101. Mitosis or Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis2. Haploid daughter cell3. Daughter cells are identical4. Homologous chromosomes form tetrads5. Two consecutive cell divisions6. Chromosome number is maintainedCorrectNext Question 102. Next Question