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Transcript of OGC ® OGC TC meeting Mar. 2014 i-locate ® Ideas for Urban Planning DWG 93rd OGC Technical...
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• OGC TC meeting • Mar. 2014 • i-locate®
Ideas for Urban Planning DWG
93rd OGC Technical CommitteeTokyo, Japan
Giuseppe Conti – TrilogisPietro Elisei, Wendy Laura Cînța – Urbasofia
Presented by Martin Ford3 December 2014
Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium
Sponsored by
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Urban plans ?!? But…exactly which one?
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Urban planning
• No standard focus on modelling the planning laws.
Image courtesy of: Stephens Planning & Design
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Different planning levels
• Different planning levels– Strategic plan .. – strategic plans, – comprehensive plans, – neighborhood plans, – regulatory and incentive
strategies, – historic preservation plans
- Cadastre Plans- Integrated Territorial / Urban Development Plans- Land Use Plans [ +/- dedicated Regulations / Regulatory Plans ]- Mobility Plans- Detail / Zonal / [ General Urban ] Masterplans- Metropolitan [ Development ] Plans- Functional Urban Areas (FUA) / Morphological Urban Areas (MUA) ..- Environmental [ Action ] Plans [ + Regulations / Impact Assessments ] - Ecological Restoration / Former Industrial Reconversion Plans / National Afforestation Plans - …- Binding Directives / National Laws / Local
Regulations / Governmental Ordinances - …- Spatial Data for Integrated Assessment of Urban Areas .. / Territorial-/Digital Agendas / …- …
Horizontal / Sectorial Overlappings
HARMONISATION ??
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Inconsistent nomenclature
• Need for standardised nomenclature• Different cultural
background = different names
• Result = no standard nomenclature
Semantics – horizontal (international) ‘translations’Taxonomy – vertical (hierarchical term affiliation)
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Requirement
• Standardised dictionary similar to Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS)
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Step 1: shared mindmap of planning instruments
capitalizing upon IMPP: INTERNATIONAL MANUAL OF PLANNING PRACTICE 2015Reference powered by ISOCARP – The International Society of City and Regional Planners
e.g. IMPP 2015 DK http://vbn.aau.dk/files/196368902/Galland_et_al_Denmark_IMPP_2015.pdf
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Territorial Planning – Planning Framework in Romania
“The value of planning strategies in Romania in the light of the new 2014-2020 instruments”, Simona Munteanu, PhD Arhitect-Urban Planner, Florentina Iugan, Architect-Urban Planner, ROMANIAN
REGISTER OF URBAN PLANNERS (RUR)
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Including in Documentati
on the Agreed
Proposals
Issuing Documenta
tion Outlines
Selecting the Designer / Consultant
The Urban Planning Process in Romania
Applicant(Command
Issuer)
Legal or Natural Persons
Data on Existing Upper Level Planning Documentation
Background Studies
Beneficiary: The Local Government
Notifying the
Citizens
Reference Sources on Similar Documentation
Drawing Up the Documentation
General Urban Plan - Annex Regulations
Zonal Urban Plan - Annex
RegulationsDetailed Urban
Plan
Including in Documentation the
Conditions Stipulated by Permits
Permitting the
Documentation
Approval
Consulting the
Citizens
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
9 11
10
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• Legislative voids• lack of correlation between various dedicated provisions • incomplete operationalization process concerning legal provisions• lack of coherent legislation concerning [ land ] ownership rights
• Insufficient Instruments of intervention• general management of land use categories – instruments
proposed by secondary legislation (National Afforestation Plans, Land Improvement/Reclamation/Rehabilitation Laws, Governmental Ordinances)
• Horizontal / Sectorial Overlappings Sectorial Plans & Policies• Territorial & Urban Development Plans – [ Sectorial-dedicated ]
Regional/Local Action Plans – Regional Development Plans / Integrated Urban Development Plans etc.
The Geographic Environment is the actual framework in which the systematization objectives occur. [ Cucu, 1977 ]
Romania (and not solely) – Particular Issues
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• Common Planning Provisions
• Land Use Management [ inventory / state-of-the-art ] Clarifications
• Identified Intervention Instruments: Operational Planning Instruments (Policies), Financial-/Other Instruments
• Identified Management Instruments: legal correlation between various complementary working fields related to planning (acute need)
Romania (and not solely) – Soft Amendments
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Territorial Planning – Planning Systems
Planning SystemsTerritorial Planning
Objectives
Institutionalized OrganizationMechanisms at hand
Planning System
Variables- Scope of the
System- Public / Private
Sectorial Role - Law System- Maturity of the
System
Traditions- Economic Planning
(regional scale)- Integrated Approach- Land Use
Management- Urbanism
Instruments- National Policies- Strategic- Framework
(Masterplan)- Regulatory
[ after the European Comission, 1997 ]
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Planning System in The United Kingdom – exemplifying on Environmental Policies
Town and Country Planning Act[1992] Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act [2004], Planning Act [2008]
Town and Country PlanningObjectives:- sustainable economic development + better environmental qualityInstruments:- National Planning Policy Framework – national level – climate change, floods and coastal areas, protection &
conservation of natural environments, green belts conservation- Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS)– strategic, 11 regions – sets priorities for environmental protection at
regional level- Local Development Frameworks – strategic, comprising amongst its goals the alltime sustainability- other documents like:
- Local Development Documents (LDD)- Development Plan Documents
- Local Development Schemes – which LDD will be realized over a 3-year time period- Simplified planning zones - regulation
Department for Communities and Local Government
Local Planning Authority
P.P.P.Implementation
Structures
Regional Assemblies ;
Mayor of London
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Loi de l’aménagement et développement du territoire
Aménagement du TerritoireInstrumente:- Schémas de services collectifs – natural &
rural areas- Schéma régional de l’aménagement et
développement durable du territoire (SRADDT)- Directive territoriale d’aménagement et
développement durable du territoire- Contrat de plan état-région – financing
programming- Profil environnemental régional
- Fonds national d'aménagement et de développement du territoire
UrbanismeObjectives:- Natural and Landscaped
Protected+Conserved Areas and Surrounding Environments
Instrumente:- Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale (SCOT) –
natural, agricultural, forestry protected areas; disaster management prevention
- Plan Local d’Urbanisme- Cartes communales – sectors where
constructions are prohibited
CIADT, DATARCoordination at National level
Etablissement publics
SEM, ZACImplementation
Structures
Code de l’urbanisme
Local Public Authorities
Conseil de dévelopem.
Planning System in France – exemplifying on Environmental Policies
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Land Register [Law 18/1991]Interdictions in setting constructions outside the building perimeter of a settlement (ex: cat. I and II soils)
Environment [Government Emergency Ordinance OUG
195/2005]Natural protected Areas –
Management PlansEnvironmental Assessment of
Territorial Spatial Plans PAT and Urban Plans PU
UrbanismPlans, regulations:
PUG – General Urban (Master)Plan;
PUZ – Zonal Urban Plans;
PUD – Detailed Urban Plans;
RGU General Urban Regulation (developed by the Ministry - MDRAP)
RLU Local Urban Regulation
Planning System in Romania – exemplifying on Environmental PoliciesTerritorial and Urban Spatial Planning Law
[350/2001]
Territorial Planning
Instruments - Plans:
PATN – National Territorial Spatial
Plan PATZ – Zonal Territorial Spatial
Plan PATJ – County Territorial Spatial
Plan Ministry for Regional
Development & Public
Administration (MDRAP)
Coordination at National Level
County Councils
Local Councils
Legislation from other fieldsImposing restrictions
Regional Development[Law 315/2004]
Regional Development Plans
Local Public AdministrationWaters Law
Land Improvements etc.
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Comparative Analysis – exemplifying on Environmental Policies
Criterion / Country
France The United Kingdom Romania
Legal Definition of [Restrictive] Environment
Specific provisions for sensitive natural areas, mountain areas, shorelines
Statement of specific policies: green belts, protection of natural areas
Reference to protected areas and/or exposed to risks
Planning System
Schéma de service collectif – natural and rural spacesProfil environnemental régional
RSS – setting priorities for environmental protection at regional level
PATN – 2 sections referring to [ restrictive ] environmentsPAT – chapter covering the natural & environmental context
Instruments at hand
Numerous instruments proposed through means of territorial planning legislation – e.g : design taxes
Defining policies at national, regional and local level for various aspects in relation to [ restrictive ] environments
Besides the plans: only few instruments, often proposed by secondary legislation
Institutionalized Structure
Complex, numerous structures with responsibilities defined in various fields
Dedicated institutions to care for planning at every level (national, regional, local)
Numerous institutions involved in different phases of the planning process
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• Identification of different planning levels• Identification of relations and dependencies
between different planning levels• Identification of conceptual elements to be
addressed by a possible standard– Enforcing authority– Boundaries– Themes– …
Step 2: engineering report / discussion paper
intra-national / inter-national ..
- Binding / Guiding - Strategic / Normative - Sectorial / Integrated - …
=> opportunity for HARMONISATION actions
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Step 3: identification of data structure for planning mark-up language
– Possible approaches• Not “hard-coded” (i.e. not based on fixed LODs)• Loosely bound with flexible provision of layers linked
through dependencies• Engineering report
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Comments + Questions