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Offshore Oil Spill Contingency Planning
How to Ascertain capacity building for
Nation
Dr. J. S.
Corporate HSE
Offshore Oil Spill Contingency Planning –
How to Ascertain capacity building for
Nation
Dr. J. S. Sharma
Corporate HSE, ONGC
Presentation Coverage
Part I: Offshore Contingency Planning
Part II: Ascertain capacity building for
Part III: ONGC’s Oil Spill Response Capability
Presentation Coverage
Part I: Offshore Contingency Planning
Ascertain capacity building for Nation
Part III: ONGC’s Oil Spill Response Capability
Why Oil Spill
Oil Spill on sea do not respect national
boundaries -travel far to international destinations
Spill on sea reduces sunlight penetration to marine life and poses threat to
International requirements
through various
conventions / Treaties / IMO
Oil Spill Threat Perception around Indian Coastline
Consumption
183.5
MMT
36.90
MMT
231.9
MMT
14.48
7 Why Oil Spill Combatment is necessary
poses threat to their existence
Act as sink for
atmospheric CO2 fixation
Stipulations of Merchant Shipping Act , MoEFCC & provisions of NOSDCP.
Treaties / IMO7
MMT
Consumption
364
MMT
400
MMT
Spill on sea reduces sunlight penetration to marine life and poses threat to
Oil Spill Threat Perception around Indian Coastline
poses threat to their existence
atmospheric
Coastline of India 5500 km on the mainland &on its offshore islands
Coastal area is known for - Vast networkbackwaters Estuaries, Creeks, Lagoons ,and coral reefs.
The country is blessed with beaches & Recorded more than 5000 species of marine flora & fauna
12 major ports 200 minor/Interim/ Small Ports
350 to 400 MMT crude oil is transported along the
route through 2500-3000 tankers
Considering the large volume of oil transportation at
high rate – probability of tanker accident is very high
Shall consider prevailing risk
Size of spill
Rate of discharge of oil if spilled from well
Tanker size
Likely reason of collision and grounding weather conditions etc.
Necessity of oil cleaning
Contingency Planning & Response: Key Issues
Components of Contingency Plan
Strategy :Scope of the plan, including the
geographical coverage, perceived risks, division of responsibilities
Involved risk and likely extent of damage in event of the non
Local opinion on shore cleanup/wild life
Sensitive area mapping
Development of strategy (priority) for cleaning operations
Assessment of equipment requirement
This all need to be done before oil arrives
responsibilities
Operational : States procedures to be
followed in the event of oil spill.
Information Directory: All relevant maps and data sheets required
to assess the situation.
Rate of discharge of oil if spilled from well
Likely reason of collision and grounding weather conditions etc.
Contingency Planning & Response: Key Issues
Involved risk and likely extent of damage in event of the non-mobilization of the resources
Local opinion on shore cleanup/wild life
Development of strategy (priority) for cleaning operations
Assessment of equipment requirement
This all need to be done before oil arrives
Elements of Oil Spill Contingency Planning
Conting
OilAssessment
Containment &
Recovery
Proper Oil Spill Risk
Assessment is to be
carried out
Depends on sea conditions of the
spill. Operations are carried out
only when sea condition permits.
If conditions do not permit then
sensitive areas and other
resources be protected by
deploying the booms.
Selection of booms / skimmers /
storage tanks will depend upon
the demand of the occasion.Contingency
Plannin
Monitoring, Assessment
Evaluation
Surveillance & tracking of oil
at seabe done visually or remote
sensing.
Calculation of the slick area - by flying
lengthwise & widthwise
Determining the thickness of oil by
observing its color.
determine the volume assuming
circular or elliptical.
Contingency Planning
Conting
Spill Risk Assessment
Behavior / fate of oil
Proper Oil Spill Risk
Assessment is to be
carried out
Contingency
Planning
Environmental considerations
Monitoring, Assessment
and Evaluation Aerial survey, Oil spill
modeling is the most
common way of monitoring
the movement of oil spill.
Environmental considerations
during OSR combatment i.e.
impact of spills on water bird,
fishes, amenity etc.
Spill: Sources, Perceived risks, Direction & Movement
• Rupture due to accident• Corrosion failure• 30’’ Main oil Line / Flow line rupture or Leakage
Sub Sea Pipelines
• Breach in Tanker / Hull• Leakage / damage in SBM hoses, Riser Rupture
SBM & Tanker operations
• Blowout conditionDrilling of Wells
Spill Direction:
May To Sept ---to Shoreward--- (WC)
Oct To Jan ---To Shoreward--- (EC)
Jan To Oct ---Threat To Kakinada,Vishakha Area
Remaining Months---Away from shore (WC/EC)
• Sump Caisson Process Complex
Operation
• Terrorist attack
• Natural Calamity / Earthquake / Tsunami etc
Other sources
Spill: Sources, Perceived risks, Direction & Movement
Legend: (1)to (12) denote calendar months (Jan to Dec)
D No of days for spill to reach the coast
ONGC western
BG Exploration &
Production (western
Ascertaining the Prevailing Risk
123
MMTA
(350000
MTPD)
Production (western
Offshore by
Cairn Energy
Reliance Petroleum ,
Vadinar
HPCL Mangalore
KR, Kochi
Vadinar
� India has vast coastline:
� Arabian sea in west
� Bay of Bengal in the East
� Indian Ocean in the south
� Major Oil routes originate from the
Gulf countries across the Indian
Ocean:
� One to proceed to West
� Along the Bay of Bengal to
far East and Japan
� About 90% of the oil produced
passes from the above two routes.
Ascertaining the Prevailing Risk
27.4
MMTA
(80000
MTPD)
CPCL-CBR- Nagapatnam
CPCL Chennai
IOCL Tuticorin
IOCL-Haldia : Facility with
port,upgradation in process
IOCL-Portblair : Facility with
port
IOCL Paradip
HPCL, Vizag
Gulf of
Kuchh, SPMs
TankersBeaches of
Dwarka
shipping route
Sensitive Area visa
Beaches at
Juhu, Versova
Tanker traffic
Tourist Beaches
Marmagoa port
Sindhdurg
Fort ,
Shipping
Routr
Western Ghat,
Shipping
Route
Tourist Beaches
port
Backwaters,
Fishing, Kochi
port
Historical, Pilgrims,
Tanker route
Mahabalipuram
, shipping
route
Chhilka
Bhiltarkanika
Sensitive Area visa viz Level of Risk in
India
21 islands declared as
biosphere Reserve,
Tuticorin port
Tourist beaches,
Pulicate Lake,
Ennore port
Coring Mangroves,
Kakinada port
Vizag Beaches,
Vizag port
Chhilka lake &
Bhiltarkanika
Response Strategy & Recovery
Oil Properties
Density at 15ºC 0.8-0.85
Specific Gravity at 60ºC 0.8-0.85
API Gravity at 60ºF 33.76
Pour Point ºC 33
Kinematic Viscosity @ 40ºC 3.01-
Basic Sediments % vol 0.08
10
Sea Conditions Arabian
Sea
Significant Wave Height
Sea surface current
Sea surface
Temperature
Wind speed
Bay of
Bengal
Significant Wave Height
Sea surface current
Sea surface
Temperature
Wind speed
Response Strategy & Recovery
ShortTerm/Immediate
If weather permits & sea is not rough,
During First 6 Hours all efforts shall be
made for mechanical recovery by
deploying booms around source of spill
for containment and subsequent recovery,
storage of recovered oil and further
disposal shall be part of this strategy.
If sea is rough then OSD may be used as
per Coast Guard’s approval.
0.85
0.85
33.76-43.63
-10.5
Term/Immediate
Long Term
Response equipment to be
deployed to deflect spill
from reaching towards Eco
sensitive areas.
Let the oil naturally degrade
if drifting is away from
shore.
Significant Wave Height 1.5-3.5 m
16-40 cm/s
27-29ºC
10-12.5 m/s
Significant Wave Height 0.4-1.5 m (3.3m
during
cyclones)
9.8-43.3 cm/s
26ºC-31ºC
6.8 m/s
Worst Case Scenarios & Estimated Risk at West Coast
Prevailing Scenario Hazard
Overflow or leakage from
Refineries at coast
Handling 123 MMT oil per annum
where largest refinery handles 60
MMT oil per annum
Tanker Loading Unloading Total number of tankers playing is
approx. 945 where one tanker
carries 0.13 MMT oil.
Subsea Pipeline rupture/
carrying crude from
offshore installations
42,000 cubic meter/ day crude oil
comes through pipelines at shore
at drilling rig during
E&P operations
Spillage of unburnt oil in case of
Hot Blowout
If cold, total oil be split11
Worst Case Scenarios & Estimated Risk at West Coast
Probability Likely Risk
Bare Minimum (Assuming 1%) 1643.83 MT at any
particular day
Chances of Oil Spill From Tanker is
minimal due to double hull design and
mostly tankers are new. Assuming
1/3rd oil of the total tanker capacity get
released if tanker is broken
1/3x0.13MMT =
43,000 MT at once.
Chances of leakage of fuel oil from the 1/3 x 9000 MT=3000 Chances of leakage of fuel oil from the
tanker during collision/ grounding.
Assuming 1/3rd of the total fuel
capacity released if tanker is broken
1/3 x 9000 MT=3000
MT
Released quantity will be equal to
difference of pipeline pressure and
hydrostatic pressure at that particular
depth. This will be minimal. Hence it
will vary with location.
3 MT (4 cubic meter)
Approx. 10000
the blowout is capped
in 5 days. (In the cold
blowout)
Prevailing Scenario Hazard Probability
Overflow or leakage
from Refineries at coast
Handling 27.4 MMT oil per
annum where largest
refinery handles 10.5 MMT
oil per annum
Bare
Tanker Loading
Unloading at coast
Total number of tankers
playing is approx. 110
where one tanker carries
0.13 MMT oil.
Chances
is minimal
design
new.
Worst Case Oil Spill Scenarios & Estimated Risk at East
Coast
0.13 MMT oil. new.
tanker
tanker
Chances
from
grounding
total
tanker
at drilling rig
during E&P operations
Spillage of unburnt oil in
case of Hot Blowout
If cold total oil be split12
Probability Likely Risk
Minimum (Assuming 1%) 287.67 MT at any
particular day
Chances of Oil Spill From Tanker
minimal due to double hull
design and mostly tankers are
Assuming 1/3rd oil of the
1/3x0.13MMT = 43,000
MT at once.
Worst Case Oil Spill Scenarios & Estimated Risk at East
Assuming 1/3rd oil of the
tanker capacity get released if
tanker is broken
Chances of leakage of fuel oil
the tanker during collision/
grounding. Assuming 1/3rd of the
fuel capacity released if
tanker is broken
1/3 x 9000 MT=3000 MT
Approx. 5000 MT if the
blowout is capped in 5
days. (In the cold
blowout)
How to Build Up Oil Spill Response Capacity
Tons or20000 TonsCapability –means it is onlySkimming
Oil Quality? Skimming
Capabilityalso dependsquality of
Dynamic Conditions Actual
ofdependsdischargedynamic
Issues for Considerations for determining indicative size of the OSR
Centre
13
SkimmingCapability. O
il Quality?
quality ofsplit oilbesideprevailingrecipientenvironmentconditions.
Dynamic Conditions
dynamicconditionmarinewhichfrom 10spiltedpatchestreatedOSD)toof namecapacityskimmer
How to Build Up Oil Spill Response Capacity
efficiencyskimmers
depends on itsdischarge rate indynamic
Capacity : 50% of
NP capacity X
6(working hrs. a
day) X 7 (for 7
USCG
method
skimmers)X
round the
Issues for Considerations for determining indicative size of the OSR
Ascertaining Capacity
Ascertaining Capacity
dynamiccondition i.e. on
watersmay vary
10% (if oil isin to
patches or withwith
max 50%name plate
capacity of theskimmer.
day) X 7 (for 7
days
operations)(also
Assumes that all
systems deployed
& operated
simultaneously)
round the
operations)X
7
operations)
Ascertaining Capacity
Ascertaining Capacity
Identifying Gaps in Ascertaining
Nation
Technology related issues for monitoring and combatment
Continuous interaction about understanding risk, equipment and
compatibility for effectiveness of Mutual aid & pooling of resources
Creation of Oil Spill Response Cooperative or OSRO
System of checking of effectiveness of Contingency Plan
14
System of checking of effectiveness of Contingency Plan
Mapping of oil spill risk
Sensitive area Mapping
Strong Legislation
National Policy on Spill Response
Creation of National Level Think Tank
Identifying Gaps in Ascertaining Capacity Building for
Technology related issues for monitoring
understanding risk, equipment and compatibility for effectiveness of Mutual
of Oil Spill Response
System of checking of effectiveness of
Mapping of Oil Spill Risk should
be based on:
�Sources & quality of oil/HNS
�Quantum threat
�Recipient Environmental
ConditionsSystem of checking of effectiveness of
National Policy on Spill Response
Creation of National Level Think Tank
�Sensitive area consideration
Notification
�National Equipment review
CP shall address issue of tackling
border spills (CBS)by MOU etc.
Impact of CBS on the state also
be addressed.
Gap in OSR Capacity as worked out
Estimated Risk = 10000 tons
West Coast Estimated Risk =
5000 tons
East Coast
15
Available OSR Facility with CG = 2000 tons
Likely Gap = 8000 tons
Available OSR Facility with CG = 2000 tons
Likely Gap = 3000 tons
Gap in OSR Capacity as worked out
Estimated Risk = 5000 tons
• In real life, spills do not always
fall into convenient categories
and the boundaries between
the three tiers will often
blurred.
• It is therefore important to
prepared to the next higherAvailable OSR Facility with CG =
Likely Gap = 3000
prepared to the next higher
even the highest tier
from the start - as it is
easier to scale down a
response which is already
place , then to call
unprepared reserves at
moment.
Proposed OSRO required to be developed
� West Coast - 10,000 tons Oil Handling
Capacity
� East Coast - 5,0000 tons Oil Handling
Capacity
16
Proposed OSRO required to be developed
10,000 tons Oil Handling
5,0000 tons Oil Handling
ONGC’s Offshore Operations (West)
NQO MNW SCA BHS ICP SH BPA BPB NLP HR D-1
Process complexes
Well head platforms
FPSO
Drilling rigs
OSV/PSV/MSV
Pipeline network
Uran Plant
17
P A
2.34 3.48 10.5 12.7 14.1 19.
2
49.2 52.3 77.9 79.5 61
NA 4.11 9.33 11.9 13.8 18 47.6 49.9 75.8 77.6 61
4.33 NA 8.27 9.93 10.8 15.
7
49.7 51.7 76.7 77.9 57.5
9.33 8.27 NA 9.12 6.53 8.7
1
72.8 44.4 68.7 69.7 52.8
11.9 9.93 3.12 NA 3.77 6.8
2
43.6 45 68.4 68.9 49.7
13.8 10.8 6.53 8.77 NA 8.3
7
46.8 47.9 70.4 70.6 47.1
18 16.7 8.71 6.82 8.17 NA 39.1 39.9 62.1 62.3 95
47.6 49.7 42.8 43.6 46.8 39.
1
NA 4.33 32.9 38.6 70.9
49.9 51.7 49.4 45 47.9 39.
9
4.33 NA 28.9 34.3 59
75.8 76.7 68.7 68.4 70.4 52. 32.9 28.9 NA 9.55 74
ONGC’s CapabilitiesONGC has Oil Spill Contingency Plan for West Coast & East Coast approved by Indian Coast Guard.
Oil Spill Response Equipments at West Coast are placed on board at 04 MSVs i.e. Hal Anant, Samudra Sevak , SeamecII, Malviya 36.
18
Oil Spill Response Equipment are also placed at Uran Plant for shore response.
Officers are trained in IMO Level I –Level II – 08, Level III – 17.
ONGC has Oil Spill Contingency Plan for West Coast & East Coast approved by
West Coast are placed on board at 04 MSVs
Seamec
are also Plant for shore response.
– 12,
Local Cooperation
Tier I Oil Spill Response Facility at JNPT under
Mutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of Resources
19
Mutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of Resources
Companies involved in MOU
ONGC
Reliance Industries Ltd, Cairn Energy,
Gujarat State Petronet Limited and
Hindustan Oil Exploration Company
Limited.
Tier I Oil Spill Response Facility at JNPT under MOU
Mutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of ResourcesMutual Aid Agreement at East Coast for Pooling of Resources
Date of MOU
Signed
Validity of MOU
Energy,
and
Company
16.08.2011 till 15.08.2016
ONGC has a membership of OSRL
response.
OSRL has elevated the ONGC membership
(annual subscription fee GBP 390,225
January 1st, 2015.
24 x 7 response. Nearest centre Singapore
International Cooperation:
20
24 x 7 response. Nearest centre Singapore
Access to supplementary services and
Free access to Duty Manager at any time
48-hour complimentary on-site Technical
situation assessment and formulating response
Coverage worldwide
Rental charges has to be paid for all the
actual for the materials.
OSRL since 29.11.1999 for Tier III level
membership fee from Band 6 to Band
225/- + Applicable Service tax) w.e
Singapore.
OSRL Capabilities
Singapore.
and regional response services
time
Technical Advisory service for assistance
response strategies
the equipment used and charges as per
Various OSR equipments
23
Oil Containment
Booms
Oil Skimmer System
Various OSR equipments
Dispersant System
Oil Skimmer System
OSR Equipment's Onboard FPSO (Floating production storage &
offloading) SN Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
Oil containment booms
Oil recovery skimmer
Dispersant spray set
Back pack dispersant sprayer
Dispersant Chemicals
Oil Spill Kits
26
6a) Absorbent material (peat sorb)
b) Empty Drums
c) Plastic buckets
d) Shovels and or scoops
e) Protective Suits / Clothing
f) Protective Gloves
g) Protective Boots
h) Face mask
i) Eye Wash
j) Cotton Rags
OSR Equipment's Onboard FPSO (Floating production storage &
Description Quantity
Oil containment booms
Oil recovery skimmer
Dispersant spray set
Back pack dispersant sprayer
Dispersant Chemicals
Oil Spill Kits
300 m
1 x 40 m3/hr
1 x 15 m3/hr
2 nos
2 drums x 200L
10 pails x 20L
a) Absorbent material (peat sorb)
b) Empty Drums
c) Plastic buckets
d) Shovels and or scoops
e) Protective Suits / Clothing
f) Protective Gloves
g) Protective Boots
h) Face mask
) Eye Wash
j) Cotton Rags
50 bags (10L each)
4 x 200L
6 x 10L
4 nos.
3 pairs
6 pairs
6 pairs
6 nos.
2 nos.
4 x 12.5 kg
Conclusions
Creation of system for checking
Response Contingency Plan.
Creation of National level think tank
oil spill response at relevant issues
CP shall address issue of tackling
of CBS on the state also need toof CBS on the state also need to
Let us be prepared for the highest
in real life, spills may not always
very easy to scale down the response
which is already in place, then to
moment.
Sharing of responsibility in OSR
alone.28
checking of effectiveness of Oil Spill
tank of experts and stake holders
issues.
tackling cross border spills (CBS). Impact
be addressed.be addressed.
highest tier of spill right from beginning
fall into convenient categories. It
response capability from high to low
call up unprepared reserves at last
OSR is a necessity; No one can do
Way forward
29
Dependency on foreign service
provider cannot go a long way
for protection of Indian waters.
Collective efforts
may be required
to develop OSRO
at strategic
locations within
our country.our country.
service
way
.