•

, ;: .;t'l.r· 'rl :

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, D. C.

10 April l!J41l

tlvalr;r ;Jotl'loen .tlbbontrop a.!d the SS

Tho nopointm.,nt of '••oesenme:ror ns n npocial onvo:r to •rungat~J l n cennrnl l y 1nterpt•otod no a sotbnck !'or llibbcn~rop . Lone nsooclnted v:lth the !'S,

" ,.cs~nrt<'" ot• "as involved in ~hn Jev1i~h pcr secu t1ons in Polanrl , end later octod o.s o. l!uncorlo.n speclo.l ­lst in tho ,,cichnl:ruulere!. !:is a· ooi'lt.:ent , aoys tlH) OS~ PIJ preoe:1tntlv~ In Jen , i!l 8 rur thnr ntep

towurrl brin~;lns r:ormnn diplonncy under the Nazi

Port:~ orrl.'l I zoUon , ra ther than U'llcr the Por e len J't 0 ~C . •,.r..,um "t>Ubttchcr , ~"0 &;>ecial C:1VOY to

t•te ~nl <nn~ , 1!: a '"'""l nf ~hn :,-ane rPI"'ler nl t:f,f" .

(0" Ol'flcl~<l :>1=:>« tch , !lorn, 1 7 ;,pl'll)

DI CLASS!FriD By AUtbOri 'Y ~r·------

CIA 00 6687

By Sf

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, D. C.

10 April 1 944

G::::ll AllY: Cnl'lcentration Canp for Prominent !'o:~ta";es?

Accor dtnc tQ 0 (}er:-tan report , ot.~:•s the 0~!:. rn;>rO~l'nta ­

tiVIJ in 'lorn , ll1tlC!" !'las CiVun ot•c:!ars tt) ('!SCilhlloh !I

spec tn 1 cone on t r a tion cn1o1p ln :;ou thl'rn r;op:nany , whot•o protn1no,t bu3ineo~ men , banl:nrr , tmri politlcla:~s !'ron occu:>ied ~tlr~lto,.les a.t•e to bo conflnod , os:-oclsll:: t'1o~e r:ho "'ove had close rAlr.r.i,~• rll th 3rita1n 0'1cl

tho·· . <- . _t Is believed that 'litl~r wal hold these r'!n a~ hontn ·nn ror r~s onn !jc.rotj~ .

(OG'' Ot'flcl.ol Diopotch, l!orn , 17 Apr il)

DIO:~ASS rn•o By Autbority o! _____ _

0 0 6 6 " ., Ci&

~·- .S~-_ "• • • ..MAY 5 197 5

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, D. C.

7 April 1944

HmiGARY : noaistance; Pocroms ; Food Confiscations .

Tho OSS representative in Bern reports the following comments of 11 noutrlll traveller vtho h11a just arriVed, from Hunua.ry :

l':hile 1n Budapest durine the first days of the occupation, the infor~ant spoke German in order­inc his meals at a r estaur ant ; the waiter retuned to serve him until he explained that he wa s not Gorman , but 11 neutr11l. The Hung arians 11re ahowi~ their p11ssive r esi stance in 11 (lr eat many w11ys, pl1rticular ­ly b;r beint aloYt and inefficien t .

A bunt for Jews is on, too . The informant called a business friend who is a Jew, and the lat­ter • s 11ife, s obbing , s111d that her husband h ad gone 11WI1Y and begged the informant not to try to soe her . The informant is or tho opinion that Germany is put ­tine all her aner eY into mnkinc this the ttost effi­cient pourom or then all , ond is lootine !!uns e.ry or all food stuffs she con &ot her hando on .

The informant saw very few Gerr.;an troops in Budapest, but the Gootapo r1ns ovory.-1her e .

(OSS Official Dispatch, Bern, 5 April )

DECLASSinlD By Autbor l t y or ____ _

C/19 0 o 6 6 8 7

By se ~ ... - .MAY s l97s

·~ 1!70 l"ffQW ~ R nt1 ~ C. p,C)C)SC"t!1l' \..laMift

'l-<\~-.J.. J... ~~ )I ~

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, D. C. 5 AprU 1944

Oermnny: Eyewitness Account of the Situation in Berlin .

The followine eyewitness report, >~hich is rated A- 2 , is by 11 r eli­nble informant who r ec ently spent a day i n Berli n :

\'lith the exception of t he Schlesischer Bahnhof, which is still un­scathed, all the mRjor railroad stations in Berlin have been com­pletel y demolished . All the rail traffic seemed to be running on a punctual schedule, however, and the inf or mant ' s train was on t ime at every stop . Where there are no stetions, rail tickets must be procured rrom the police snd only emergency cases and special pass hol ders are per1n1tted to buy tickets . The nppenrance of the roll­ing stock was clean and in good shape . Only about 25 percent of the subway sys te.'ll is in use; the remainder has been converted into giant shelters and a tremendous machine repai r shop . In most or the city, the street cars a r e running ,

Doth Charlo t tenbur g and Templ ehof are entirel y demolished, without a single building left s t anding . Halt or the bu ildings on Uhter den Lindon nre destroyed . The Legation Quarte.r , the Tlergarten, the Luttfahr l~inistry and Ges tapo lleadquartars a r e all co mpl e t ely demolished. No t a wall is standing at the a irport , which is a shambles . The Uoabit Cri:ninal Courts are demolished . Informant claims he drove in a cab thro\llVl central and west Berlin for a dis­tance of six miles wi thout observing a single house standing . For tho most part , the population or Berlin is l iving undergr ound. They have evacuated all of the small children. The older children and the women are working 16 hours a day , Al l food is r ationed, al­though on a generous basis . Every i tem of clothing is also rationed.

The essential business of Berlin functions doggedly , although some of tbe ~inistries the Luftfahr included, have moved to Vienna , Tr emendous "slave/' labor forces, for the most part Russians and Poles, are in evidence everywhere doing safety demol ition and cl ean­up work , These men are f o rced to stay out in tho open during rnids , since there are not enouzh shelters available for everyone in Berlin.

source r eports t hat a relatively accur ate and gloomy picture or the war situation is being g iven to the g eneral populace. This r esults i n a fabulous fear of the Russians and in despair of vlctory, but a l so in a drugged reaction as though from morphine, and there is no s i gn or collapse . Ever yone is convinced that the only way out is tigh t to the end and ther e is a glimmer or hope that England and America mny turn against Russia once they see tha t the s oviet is about to assume compl ete control.

( OSS Official Dispat ch, Baghdad, 2 Apr1l~SCLASSIPIID ay Autbor l tr or ____ _

j 0.3 ( 1-v) Ct{i 006687

By .$( Date MAY 5 \975

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, D. C.

29 March 1944

Palestine: Raids on Police l!eadquartera .

During the attack on police headquarters 1n Jerusalem on 23- 24 March, the explosions uprooted a tree in the yard and blow out the lower front of the headquarters, which is ono or the most so l id buildings thereabout. Plate glass was shattered for a block on both aides of Jaffa Road, and, as a precaution against more live bombs, the road was shut orr. In Haifa, the CID build­ing was blown up and a number of Enslish police~en were injured. Pour bags of hich explosives were discovered in the headquarters or the Jaffa police, which Ylaa evac­uated . Tho buildi ng vtas destroyed by subsequent explo­sions . The south ~all of one house, constructed or modern ferro-concrete, was compl etely blown out. In various parts of Tel- Aviv, gangster-fashion attacks were l!lade on the police, one of whom was killed and two injured. Tho Llayor and cunicipal fUnctionaries have indicated their horror at these attacks, which they believe vtore carried out by the Stern gang .

The OSS representative 1n Jerusalem comments that it is not known whether Ir(lun Zva•i Le 1 um1 (National Llil­ito.ry Organization) took part in these raids, which were carried out 1n the co:mn.o.ndo manner by the Stern cang.

( OSS Offioinl Oispatces, Cniro, Jerusalem, 26 Ma.rch; both rated A-2)

l<iss analysts 1n Washington are inclined to believe that Trgun, which ha:s a membership of from ttrO to three thou­sand, is carrying out these bombings. The political cloarsightodness employed in fixin(l upon the targota to be destroyed ond tho technical skill in organizina tho bombinco seems to st~pos~ the somewhat haphaznrd methods of tho Stern gana:J

DECLASSl1UD 81 Autbor ltJ ot ____ _

Cl/1 006687 81 Slf J••• MAY 5 1975

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON. D. C.

28 Ma.rch 1944

Iraq: Reaction to Wagner Resolution.

The OSS representative in Baghdad reports that on 27 March the controversy over the Wagner resolution reached its peak with a CUrious attack on the US in the Majles . The Opposition leader, Selmon Shei kh Daoud, said that the US should establi sh a Jewish State in America lf it was so fond of Jews. Nuri made only a feeble response. As a result of all this, public opinion is now persuaded that protests f rom the Middle East for ced General Marshall's actions, indicat­ine the fear of the Arab world which exists in America . A very trustworthy s·ource states t hat US prestige has never before been so low.

(OSS Official Dispatch, Baghdad, 27 March; rated A- 2)

DI CLASS!FlED By Author> t y of _ ___ _

CIA 00 6687 o. ta MAY 5 1975

cairo:

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTO N, D. C.

H Uare>h 1944

Reaction to President's Reported Stat ements Conoornins Palestine.

Cairo newspapers hove carried surprisingly little com­mont on tho statements w1 th regard to Palestine and tho

T~ite Paper attributed to President Roosevelt by Rabbis

V/iao and Silver after their recent interview w1 th him,

to tho ortoct thet he was plonsed thnt Pnlooti no had opened ita &ate a to Jewish il!lnigration, that tho 'llh1 te P~q>or had never received 0 . s . approval, and that tho 0 . s . people and their Government deeply S}'lllPathize with the concept of a Jewish National Homo. There is,

however , widespread discussion of tho report in Cairo. Tho publiCI appears either to disbelieve it or to with­hold fire pending confirmation of the facta. The Routers dispntch carrying thn report has not beon car­r ied by the English papers. One or tho native papers comments that it is difficult to reconcile Roooovelt•a r eported statements with Kir~ assurances to Nahas that

tho Wagner resolution does not represent official opin­

ion.

(OSS Ofrioial Dispatch, Cairo, 12 Warch)

DI CLASSIF!ID 87 Author I 11 ot _____ _

C.tB 0 06687

ou e MAY 5 1975

OFFICE O F STRATEGIC S ERVIC ES

WASHINGTON, D . C.

13 March 1944

To : Colonel L. Mathewson White House Map Room

Subject: Reports Received 1n OSS, No. 110

Submitted herewith are some additional items rec eived from our secret sources abroad.

lhlless otherwise indicated, the items of information

transmitted are reports Just as received from agents , and have not been evaluated as to degree or reliabil­

ity other than as stated.

Enclosures.

~.sruer,;is. ~en. Deputy Director, OSS Intelligence Service

DI CLASStrtiD By Author ! t y o C_-::-::-=:-

CfA 0 o 66 8 7

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVIC ES

WASHINGTON, D. C.

11 !larch 1944

Dun cary : Att itude Toward Germany.

Tho OSS r~presontative in Oer n submi t s the fo l lowtne

infor~ation f r om a per son ox t r enely well i nfo rmed on Huncari an

condi t ions :

Hungary is still at a loos what t o do . Wany poople.

formerl y pr o - Ger man or who believou in German invincibil ity,

hove no" chanced their mindo . In con oral , tho or is t ocraoy ,

tho hit;her clere;r , both catholic and Protestant , and most or

the Socia.llsts are pro-Allied, althoueh thoro are :till aone

r adicnl l<nzic Ql:lonc the l e Ct e l ement of tho lat t'3r eroup . Pr o­

Germans still dominate the ar my, al thou:j'l so1:1e important chances

have recently been made . Pro-Ge~an~ ore also round in the r m1k

and file of the bureaucracy, end in the non- Jewish middle classes,

nany or whor.J are of German ori cin, and in the lower ra.'lks of tho

cler c:; , except for the Unitar ians, who a r o all anti - Ger man . The

Huncaria.!'l poasn'lts nre I'IOStly ant1- Gorm.an , but thoro aro sone

half-million Swabians who aro completely pro- :Jozi .

The position of the Jews in !!uneary is anomalous . llot­

urally they wish to see the !lazis beaten , bu t t he:r nre CricJ'ltenod

or o. Ger::1an occupation of Huneary , which would moan their liquid­

ation . ':'horofore they are trJl~ to persuade ~allo:r to bo cau­

tious , so t~ut the end of the war can be roached without Ge~nn

occupation, ev en thouch this might resul t in !!unrar y •s bolne

treated at tho pence ne(:otiations lls o.n impenitant ally of Oor­

nanJ . Thi~ sat:1e attitude ls maintained by sone nonber s or tho upper strata of society , who , thouch anti-Oe~n. reel they too

would be liquidated in tho event o!' a prolonr:;ed German occupa­

t ion .

Tho present ideo. or all ,artios except tho Conrtunists

is to defend the Carpathians , alone if possible, and even to de­

cline o!'fero of esnloto.nce rror:~ ';orl'llo.nJ . However , if tho Oor­

oans come in unsolicited and oven unwanted , it lo diffi cult to

say whnt Hunronry 110Uld do . IJnn:; Huncar ianG still try to believe

that the Anclo- Saxons are ~o ar~ous to keep ~ssia out or the

!3al l<ans and t.,_.e !~editerranean area that thoy would hastily re­

vise their war poltoy if: tho Russians wer e in tho Carpathians .

DI:~ASS fFU:D

( OSS Official Di spatch, Ber n, 9 Uar oh) s1 Alltbo r n 1 or _ ___ _

006687

s, S( n ..!1P.Y_5 1975

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASH INGTON, D . C.

Nazi Europe :

6 March 1944

Propaganda Maneuver ror Compromise Peace; Anti -Cathol ic Measures .

The Germans, according to a gener ally reliable inrormant, ar e spreading stories among the populat ion of the occu­pied countries about how ruthl ess they will be as soon as the Al l i ed invasion starts : coastal areas will be flooded , towns turned int o rortreeses, and t h e entir e country l aid waste . The purpose of these s t or ies is said to be to make t he peopl es of the occupies countries bring pr essure on their governments- in- exile to persuade the Allies to ma.ke peace before t he invasion . The argument is that 1r peace is made now, the Germans will retire quietly to their orm terr itory . Ir not , they will des­troy everything in their r etreat, as they are doing in Italy. This pr opaganda is having some effect , accord­ing to source, who states thet some people who had hoped for invasion in these occupied countries are now begin­ning t o dr ead it .

Under t he pretext of combatine separat ism, r i gorous meas­ures are being taken against Catholics tr~oughout souther n Ger many and Au3tria , according to a report rated A- 3 . Ef­forts are being made to remove priests from their parishes ; hundreds of searches have been made of the homes of pr ies ts, and even of chur ches ; and in l~ich numerous Catholic per ­sonalities have been arrested on the charge of committing crimes against the unity of the Reich. Further per secu­tion of everything Catholic and of suspected hostile groups is to be expect ed, says this report .

( OSS Official Di spatch, Bern, 3 March)

DI CLASS!Fli D 87 Author ! t 7 or _ ____ _

C:.IA 0 C f. t1 B7

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, 0 C.

n cussurn a

1 Aut~or l t J or _____ _

CIA 0 0 6 6 8 7 29 FobrU&ry 1M4

By $& Date MA't 5 \975

I rAq And the PlAno for Arab Union

Tho following information hao been roooived from tho OSS roprooonutin in Bal;hclAd1

1. Roaentmont of Senator "•gner'• Reaolution -- Tho r•solut1on Whl~h Senator ~agner iDlroducod i n r.ongrosa recent ­ly , ~a•orin& t he creation of a Jowiah Com.onwealth in Palea­tlno t.rul AbrogAtion of the :.Mto PAper, hu ce.used a uut cOMmOtion &mOD« political ~rou~s in I raq . Purl PaAh&, tho ! r&ql Prolllior, la quito unexcited about it, but Foreign Nln­ist.ry ofi"icials aro absolutely f'urioue, aod over t>ur i '• a is­nature pertonal wirea have been f ired at Taft, ~•3ner and tho l re.ql lllnhtrJ i n ;;aohint;ton,aorvin~ notice that paao ase of tho roaolution by tho US >:oul~ be rogardod by the Arab rtationa as almost the equivalent or a declaration of war. British intoreato in Baghdad aro a lso making a good doal of tho inoidont, aaya the OSS ropreoontat ivo, and oxploitin& it out of all pr oportion to ~ta significance.

2 . Reoontment of American Oil Plano In Saudi Arabi a -­Tho preotnt ~rican oil plano In S~Ud { Arabia , including t he bui .ding of a pipe line, are apparently regarded ao an obatacle to the plano for Arab Union, Iince they have twioo called rorth bitter comment ~rom Nur 1 Yaaha'a peraonal ad­visor, Judge Lloyd. It is hie opinion that tho old a go of Ibn Saud~ tho lack or atrongth in h1o oona 1 and the fri ction amons tho~. all moan that without tho present advent of Amor­icart uoney and oi l to enhance Ibn Sau~ ' • power and pride, ~eca would have been no pctentla l threat to Nuri ' a Arab plana.

ilur l P&ali& a aald t hat i t 1o bh plan to have llahao t he noa­lnal leAder in the AraVJbion dioouulona. Nahas bao a.n abil­Ity to opealc troely and to be at eue In publio which r:ur1 hlruel!' doea not t)()JJeaa . lfowe•er, Uur l hinted that he waa confident he would not be replaced ao final loader by ~ahaa ,

who laoka tho intolligenoe and on.orgy. "e lio•rinb that ho sees in Nahaa a future to<.'l or ao/'118 va.luo , Hurl is attempt­ing to i ron out the personal rancor ot rec&nt months.

(·)SS Otrloid Diopatobos, Ba&h<!Ad, 26 and 27 l'ebrue.ry, ratocl A- 2)

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASHINGTON, D. C.

S Fob1•UarJ 1944

ARAO tmiOS : Plo.na or Murt Peaha ; Polley TO\'tard Jows.

!iur1 Pasha's :nethod or workint; toYmrd an /oro.b ltnion eontlsts or mokin& moves pr ocr esslvely . Tho first step waQ tho inception or collabor otion bot·no~m I raq t.nd Syria , ond that waa rollO\"Ied. up by collttboratlon \'lith tho Tro.na -Jordo.n . fAt tho tl~o of the Lobanoac crisis , tho Tr~~s-Jordan Parlia­ment , too, tried to : atn independence for the countr7i' The lAtest otcp ia !:Uri ' s ottem.pt to weaken Gri t oin ' s hol on Iraq by rttvleinc the treaty \Tith tho British . At the con­torcneo next sp1•1ne: ho hopes to soo eetoblished o gener a l council of tho proposed Union .

\'11th res:pcct to the Jev1s , !turi sees t.hat the !:r eat need or th o Areb world is technlcia.n& an.d o 11tor ato ..:orkln£ class . l'l'hls is. tho rlrst time thnt Nut•! has acknowledGed this n'e~. R & A analysts obsorvo .7 Tho tcehn1e1ans rnuot be lmpot~ted !"ron elseWhero, ju.Gt as Jfua . .,!l lMpol"tocl t oohnicltm& durinr; tho siX yeora prior to 1933. tl\lr1 hopca to u:at the Jov1s ror this pur pose ; not onl' \'JOHld he built up Arab str on,eth, but ho ':cu.ld counter tho dcr'lfmda ot' tho Z1on1ata and Jew-tah nov1bi.on1sts by offerlno tho Je\·Ja fe-r MOre exten­sive territory tor oettlo~nt thnn is available l n Palo~tlne. Tho Jo'r:n \lOUld bo v.ssur~d p1•otcotion nnd local autono:ny, and g.uo.ra..-,.toed cultural , oconon1e, civil ond rel1r.1ous f:•ocdon. ':'he.y would ba c lvo.n what c.nountc to on industrial Nld MMU• raeturlnc J!\Onopoly , tho center o r ':"1hich h bou."ld to bo Jn Palootlno .

:rurl no lone or counts on French or !\ri tish plndt:ea . 3 1a c oal is secu.t•ltj ror Arabo t'ron. c a1ro (or oven Ttmc!ot•} to a asr41 tollo·,fin& tho Atlantic. Chartor .

/trss tmo.lysto cement thtlt this pla.n he.o certainly many i:rr:]>or!ant fotlturoe 1 but one ha.e to bear ln r"lnd that HUr1 is at prc:ent decl1n1nc in powor . rr his prestiee \'tOre aac~nd1ng , sonethin~ might really como ot 1t~

(OS~ Offlolol DispAtch , Ba.chda.d, rat~d ~ ... 2l DI'1. • • Sin!D at Aut b .. .: 1~1

CIR 0 06 6 8 7 al APR :1 1975

I

" ~ w ~ ~ . - 0 ~ .. ~ -j ~ ,, ~ " ~ ..

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES WASHINGTON, D. C. ·SJ&ass ...

16 January 1944

Zionism in the U. S .: Jewi sh Co~nwealth Issue . etc.

The advocates or an unoompromisinn prograo, who caoe into control or tbe Z1on1't movement in the U. S . at the American Jewish Conference lAst Soptem­be:r, 4rtt now preatling plans tor a wide campaign to ranee public opinion behind their demand for the 05-ta~llshmont ot a Jcwlah Commonweal th in Palest! no . Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver , Chair man of the Amerlc~~ Zionis t F.rnergenc1 Council , hoe come to believe that mere opposition to thG Britl ah MUte Paper (which de­cr eed an end to Jewish lmmleration to Palestine after 31 Atarch 1944 ) oight el va the impression that official Zionist or ganlzatlona would be content it the terms of the i~i to Paper were obrogated. The many non- Zionlsta and anti- Z1on1ats who had joined Zionist committees s1oply in order to oppose the \Obi te Paper o. r e to bo aa!<ed to resign i f the·y cannot also co alon.g whole­heartedly on the commonwealth issue .

The decision to concentrate on thl3 issue, which ha.s not yet been mo.do public and to \-hlich large groups of the U. s . Jewish comcunity are vigor ously opposed, 1a apparently connected with rumors that Dr . Chalm \"ieizm.nnn , hec.d or the World Zionist Or gani ­zation , hoe boon assured 1n London tho.t either the 7/h!tc Paper will be withdrawn or thnt some way will be found to vltlato it before it becor.es operative on 31 f,Ia.rch . It is roported in Al:lerlcon Zionist c!rclea that !'.~izrnann had a .satisfactory conversation with ChUrchi ll (arr ane;ed by Sr.:n1ta , a oonai:stcnt nnd militant friend or Zionism) beforo Churchill lett tor Coiro and Tehr(Ul .

nevertheless , a new plan, ...-:hlch the Zionlots oppo:~e (OJ"id which the British Colonial Off leo denies) , to pat"tltion Po.leatlne !nt.o a JeTiish, Q1l Areb , md a "neutraln zone 1s believed by American Zionist& to be under consid eration .

(OSS , Poreign Nationali ties Branch Womor andum, 13 Ja.rt. )

•

I

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

WASH INGTON, D. C.

10 January 1944

Italy: Vat1ellll conflic t s with tho Axis .

It ie reported from Rome , but unconfirmed,

that tho aviator who bombed Vatican Ci ty was Botto , tho Undersecretary of State in the Pasc1et Republi­

can Government .

It ie also reported that the Fasc ist and

Germ~~ pollee made a house-to-house search on Satur­day, 23 December, at the Colleglo Lombardo, which is Vatican property , and supposed t o be immune . The searchers !ound on the pramiaes a number of radical refugees, amon& whom, i t is reported, wae Robeda , ono or tho heads of the communist Par ty . About 15 poople were arrested. The tac t that those p~rsons wore found hero is or no little ~barrassnent to the Vatican .

The Benedictine monastery of Cava del Tlrreni near Salerno was reportedly l ooted by the Germans before the Allied advance, its procious li­brary sot on fire , and the abbo t and a bishop taken

to an unknown destination . Int ervention in their behalf by tho Vatican has so tar boon ot no avail .

(OSS Official Dispatch, via Radiophone, Bern)

DICLAS5rF!ID

By Aut hor\ tr or~~:-;;--:::--=-

00668 1

sr_ .... S,fL- _,oau