Reentry Division Update To: Reentry Task Force April 20, 2010.
OFFENDER REENTRY: A PUBLIC SAFETY STRATEGY Court Support Services Division.
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Transcript of OFFENDER REENTRY: A PUBLIC SAFETY STRATEGY Court Support Services Division.
OFFENDER REENTRY: A PUBLIC SAFETY STRATEGY
Court Support Services Division
Probation Areas of Focus:
Manageable Caseloads
Programs and Treatment
Warrant Service
OFFENDER REENTRY: IMPROVING PUBLIC SAFETY
Strategies, programs and treatment
that focus on preparing probationers
to lead non-criminal lives in our local
communities.
OFFENDER “REENTRY”
There are approximately 57,000 offenders serving a term of probation.
There are approximately 11,500 split sentence cases currently under probation supervision.
In 2006, 5,400 offenders were placed on probation immediately following a period of incarceration.
REENTRY THROUGH PROBATION SUPERVISION
Research continues to demonstrate
the importance of continuing
supervision and treatment after an
offender leaves prison in reducing
recidivism (Simpson, et. al., 1999).
REENTRY SERVICESEFFECTIVENESS
Source: Central Connecticut State University (2006)
RESEARCH FINDINGS: CT PROBATION TRANSITION PROGRAM
(PTP)
SOURCE: CENTRAL CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY 2006
26%
14%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
46% Reduction (PTP)
Technical Violations
PTP Control Group
PTP
Source: Central Connecticut State University (2006)
41%
17%
05
101520253035404550
58% REDUCTION (PTP)
REINCARCERATION RATES
PTP ControlGroup
PTP
RESEARCH FINDINGS:CT PROBATION TRANSITION PROGRAM
(PTP)
SOURCE: CENTRAL CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSITY 2006
MANAGEABLE
CASELOADS
Manageable caseloads when coupled
with quality client engagement and
evidence-based treatment have been
correlated with reductions in recidivism
(Taxman, 2006).
COMMUNITY SUPERVISION
Who the probationer is
What we are asking our officers to do with the probationer
What we hope to accomplish
Manageable caseloads are determined by:
WHAT IS AMANAGEABLE CASELOAD?
Monitoring compliance with supervision conditions
vs.
Monitoring compliance ANDfacilitating behavior change
THE CHANGING FOCUS OF PROBATION SUPERVISION
Assess risk, needs and strengths. Evaluate and enhance motivation to
change. Target interventions. Facilitate pro-social behavior. Assess probationer improvement and
behavior change.
COMPONENTS OF EVIDENCE-BASED SUPERVISION
“It’s not just about condition compliance, but addressing all client needs and issues. It takes much more time and energy.”
“The goal is not only seeing clients, the goal is to change their circumstances that contribute to their criminal behavior.”
CONNECTICUT PROBATION OFFICER
FOCUS GROUP
CASE CLASSIFICATION STANDARD
Intensive 25-35
Sex Offender 45
High 65
Medium 175
Administrative N/A
Warrant 400
Average # cases per officer 104
PRESENT CASELOAD STANDARDS
Caseloads reaching these levels
make it extremely difficult to work
individually with probationers to
change behavior.
CURRENT CASELOAD STANDARDS: THE PROBLEM
Total Supervision Officers = 272
Number Exceeding Standard = 194
Percent Exceeding Standard = 71%
NON-INTENSIVE OFFICERS EXCEEDING CURRENT
CASELOAD STANDARDS
Pre Sentence Investigations Ordered 2006 vs. 2007January-October
171
295
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct
Month
Nu
mb
er
2006
2007
Cheshire Tragedy
7-23-2007
PROPOSED CASELOAD STANDARDS
Case ClassificationLong-
TermShort-Term
Intensive 25 25
Sex Offender 25 25
High 45 55
Medium 90 110
Administrative N/A N/A
Warrant 200 200
Total Officers Needed 555 496
Total Officer Shortage -158 -99
Average # Cases Per Officer 60 70
Lower recidivism
Reduced violations
Decreased victimization
Reduced incarceration
CASELOAD REDUCTION OUTCOMES
Manageable caseloads when coupled
with quality client engagement and
evidence-based treatment have been
correlated with reductions in recidivism
(Taxman, 2006).
EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY SUPERVISION
OFFENDER TREATMENT AND
PROGRAMS
For nearly 20 years sound research on the
effects of correctional treatment programs
have consistently demonstrated positive
effects on reduction of re-offending
(Lipsey, etal, 1998).
TREATMENT EFFECTIVENESS
The US Surgeon General, after an
extensive survey of existing research
concluded that well run correctional
interventions and services for violent
offenders are effective (US Surgeon
General, 2001).
PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS
“Washington’s adult corrections system will be more successful in reducing recidivism rates if policy focuses on proven evidence-based approaches” (Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2006).
Some Examples (% Reduction in Recidivism) Intensive Supervision and Treatment (21.9%) Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (8.2%-31.2%) Drug Treatment in the Community (12.4%)
SPECIFIC PROGRAMEFFECTIVENESS
“The results show that offenders who
have high attendance at treatment
sessions have lower arrests.”
(Bogue, 2007).
CONNECTICUT EVALUATION
A significant network of programs exists, with challenges: Geographical area service gaps Wait lists for services
508 clients on residential treatment wait list (11-27-2007)
Significant increase in Behavioral Health Services Referrals over the past 2 years
JUDICIAL BRANCH PROGRAMS AND SERVICES
Transitional and Supportive Housing Mental Health Services Intensive Outpatient Drug Treatment Domestic Violence Programs Sex Offender Services
In total the program expansion recommendations could serve up to 3,000 offenders annually.
PROGRAM ANDTREATMENT NEEDS
WARRANT SERVICE
Sanctions for probation violations are more likely to be effective when they are prompt, consistent, and proportionate to the violation severity (Carey, 2005). Graduated Sanctions Violation of Probation Warrants
PROBATION SANCTIONS
Warrants served annually = 8,977
Present un-served warrants = 6,228
70 percent of these warrants are more than one year old
Extensive field investigation required for many warrants
VIOLATION OF PROBATION WARRANT SERVICE DATA
Undermines system integrity
Offenders are not being supervised
Re-offending behavior may continue
UNSERVED WARRANTS: POTENTIAL IMPACT
Establish and staff Regional Probation Warrant Units.
Legislative initiatives Detention of wanted persons On-site arrest for violation of probation Partnerships with federal and state
agencies
WARRANT SERVICE RECOMMENDATIONS
Reduce probation caseloads
Increase targeted treatment and
specialized services
Improve warrant service
A PUBLIC SAFETY STRATEGY
COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF THE THREE-PRONGED APPROACH TO
PUBLIC SAFETY
Increased Satisfactory Completion of
Probation Supervision
Reduction in Probation Violation
Reduction in Recidivism
Reduction in Prison and Jail Overcrowding
Cost Effectiveness