OF THE MINING INSPECTOR - Maryland State...

ANNUAL REPORTOF THE

MINING INSPECTOROF THE

STATE OF MARYLAND

'Under the Supervision of the State Board of Labor and Statistics

CHAS. J. FOX, Chairman

From May 1st, 1918, to May 1st, 1919

HON. ALBERT C. RITCHIEGOVERNOR OF MARYLAND

Compliments of LAWRENCE DUNNState Mine Inspector

Press of 20th Century Printing Co.

404-406 W. Redwood Street

Baltimore, Md.

TO THE

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

To His Excellency,ALBERT C. RITCHIE,

Governor of MarylandSir—I have the honor to submit herewith my First Annual

Report as State Mine Inspector for Allegany and Garrett Coun-ties for the period from May 1, 1918, to May 1, 1919, in compliancewith the requirements of the Mining Laws of the State ofMaryland.

Respectfully yours,

LAWRENCE DUNN,Mining Inspector.

REPORT OF STATE MINE INSPECTOR

To His Excellency,Hon. Albert C. Ritchie,

Governor of Maryland.Sir—The report herewith submitted is for the period from

May 1, 1918, to May 1, 1919, being my first annual report, whichembraces the Forty-Third Annual Report upon the conditions ofthe coal mines within the State.

The report from the various mining operations throughoutthe State show, the tonnage to be as follows:

1918 1919

PickMachine

Totaj.. ..

3,931,524258,712

3,540,505176,054

4,190,236 3,716,559

The above shows a decrease of 473,677 tons during 1919.During the year ending May 1, 1919, Allegany County em-

ployed 3,235 miners, 288 drivers, 486 inside laborers and 929 out-side laborers, making a total of 4,938 men, showing an increase of96 men compared with that of the previous year.

The production of coal for Allegany County for the year end-ing May 1, 1919, was 2,723,190 tons, showing a decrease of 593,670tons from that of 1918. It also shows a production of 841 tons foreach miner employed during the year 1919:

GARRETT COUNTY PRODUCTIONDuring the year ending May 1, 1919, Garrett County employed

884 miners, 71 drivers, 50 inside laborers and 124 outside laborers,making a total of 1,129 men, showing a decrease of 90 men com-pared with that of the previous year.

The production of coal for Garrett County for the year endingMay 1, 1919, was 917,420 tons, showing an increase of 44,044 tonsover that of 1918. It also shows a production of 1,037 tons foreach miner employed during the year 1919.

FIRE CLAY PRODUCTIONDuring the year ending May 1, 1919, the clay mines in Alle-

gany County employed 144 miners, 16 drivers, 19 inside laborersand 27 outside laborers, making a total of 206 men, showing anincrease of 25 men, compared with that of the previous year.

The production of clay for Allegany County for 1919 was75,949 tons, showing a decrease of. 9,993 tons from that of 1918.It also shows a production of 527 tons of clay for each miner em-ployed during the year 1919.

MINE INSPECTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT, 1918-19. 5

TONNAGE PER FATALITYIn Allegany County for the year of 1918-19 there was 302,576

tons of coal produced for each fatal accident, while in GarrettCounty for the same year there was an average of four lives lostfor each 229,355 tons of coal produced.

MARYLAND MINE INSPECTORSALEXANDER RANKIN

From May, 1898, to May, 1900JAMES P. CARROLL

From May, 1900, to May, 1904THOMAS MURPHY

From May, 1904, to May, 1908JOHN H. DONAHUE

From May, 1908, to May, 1912WILLIAM WALTERS

From May, 1912, to May, 1916JOHN L. CASEY

From May, 1916, to March 20,JOHN POWERS

From April 1, 1918, to June 1,FRANK POWERS

From June 1, 1918, to Sept. 1,LAWRENCE DUNN.

PETER CAINFrom May, 1874, to May, 1876

OWEN RIORDANFrom May, 1876, to May, 1880

THOMAS BROWNFrom May, 1880, to May, 1884

DENNIS SHERIDANFrom May, 1884, to May, 1886

CHARLES H. HAMMILFrom Sept. 9, 1886, to May, 1888

- R. T. BROWNINGFrom May, 1888, to May, 1892

F. J. McMAHONFrom May, 1892, to May, 1896

OTTO HOHINGFrom May, 1896, to May, 1898

1918

1918

1918

SCALE OF WAGES IN THE GEORGE'S CREEK FIELDFROM MAY 1, 1880, TO MAY 1, 1919.

Per GrossTons Picked

May 1, 1880.......June 1, 1882December 1, 1884March 1, 1887April 1, 1894 ....

April 1, 1896April 1, 1900April 1, 1903April 6, 1904 ..

April 1, 1910April 1, 1912January 15, 1916 -

October 16, 1916March 1, 1917May 1, 1917Nnvember 1, 1918....

$0.65.50.40.50.40.45.55.65.60.63.65%.68.75.85.9B ½

1.05

6 MINE INSPECTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT, 1918-19.

TABLE OF MINE INSPECTIONS

Date. Name of Mine. Address

1918Sept. 14 Consolidation Coal Co.. No. 3 (Testing Scales) Hoffman, Md.

16 Blame Mining Co. (Testing Scales) Potomac Manor, Md.17 Hamill Coal & Coke Co. (Testing Scales) Kitzmiller, Md.

Potomac Valley Coal Co., Peerless (Testing Scales) Kitzmiller, Md.19 Garrett County Coal & Mining Co. (Testing Scales) Dodson, Md.20 Chaffee Coal Co. (Testing Scales) Vindex, Md.22 Allegany Coal Co Wes±ernport, Md.23 Clair Coal Co Franklin, Md.24 Miller & Green Coal Co Westernport, Md.25 Moscow & George's Creek Coal Co Moscow, Md.26 Hoffa Bros. Coal Co Barton, Md.27 Brydon & Pattison Barton, Md.29 Frostbiug, Md - Frostburg, Md.

Cumberland, Md - umber1and, Md.Oct. 1 Chapman Coal Co Barton, Md.

2 Hoffa Bros. Coal Co Barton. Md.Cumberland, Md Cumberland, Md.

4 Hampshire Coal Co - Frankln, Md.5 Eagan Mining Co Midland, Md.7 North Maryland Coal Mining Co Montell, Md.s Hoffa Bros. Coal Co Barton, Md.9 New Central Coal Co Lonaconing, Md.

14 Frostburg, Md Frostburg, Md.22 McKee Coal Co Lord, Md.-23 McKee Coal Co Lord, Md.24 New York Mining Co Allegany, Md.25 George's Creek Coal Co Lenaconing, Md.26 Mt. Savage and George's Creek Coal Co Mt. Savage, Md.28 Peabody & Riley Mines Lonaconing, Md.29 George's Creek Coal Co., No. 3 Lonaconing, Md.30 Midland Mining Co Midland, Md.31 George's Creek Coal Co., No. 2 Lonaconing, Md.

1919Jan. 2 George's Creek Co& Co Lonaconing, Md.

3 George's Creek Coal Co Lonaconing, Md.4 Georges Creek Coal Co Lor.aconing, Md.6 Consolidation Coal Co., No. 1 Midland, Md.7 George's Creek Coal Co Lonaconing, Md.3 Maryland Coal Co Lonaconing, Md.9 Maryland Coal Co Lenaconing, Md.

10 Consolidation Coal Co.. No. 1 Nlidland, Md.11 George's Creek Coal Co Lonaconing, Md.13 George's Creek Coal Co Lonaconing, Md.14 Maryland Coal Co - Lonaconing, Md.15 Maryland Coal Co - Lonaconing, Md.16 EaganMiningCo Midland,Md.17 Blame Mining Co Potomac Manor, Md.18 Hamill Coal & Coke Co JCitzmiller, Md.20 Consolidation Coal Co.. No. 6 National, Md.21 Consolidation Coal Co.. No. 7 - National, Md.22 Pine Hill Mine Gilmore, Md.23 George's Creek Coal Co.. No. 9 Midland, Md.24 Consolidation Coal Co., No. 1 Midland, Md.25 In Office ..

27 Consolidation Coal Co.. No. 7 National, Md.28 Sullivan Bros. Coal Co Carlos, Md.29 Sullivan Bros. Coal Co Carlos, Md.30 Consolidation Coal Co.. No. S . Midland, Md.31 McKee Coal Co Lord, Md.

Feb. 1 InOffice2 Weighing Cars3 Consolidation Coal Co., No. 1 Midland, Md.4 Consolidation Coal Co., No. 1 Midland, Md.5 Consolidation Coal Co., No. 1 Midland, Md.6 Moscow Coal Co

F Moscow, Md.7 Pine Hill Mine Gilmore, Md.

C z z C

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FATAL ACCIDENTS FROM

Name of Company. .Mine. Name of PersonInjured. Occupation.

George's Creek Coal Co.George's Creek Coal Co.McKee Coal Co.

No. 1No. 3No. 1

Sinclair BishopEdward EilbeckDavid Telford

IIinerMiner

Maryland Coal Co. Waynesburg John KroIlMiner

Union Clay MineHamill Coal & Coke Co. No. 6 John McKenzie

Clarence LillerAssist. ForemanRope Rider

Cumberland Big Vein Coal Co. Thornton DowdenMiner

Davis Coal & Coke Co.Davis Coal & Coke Co.Consolidation Coal Co.Consolidation Coal Co.Chaff ee Coal Co.

KemptonKemptonNo. 4No. 3

Geo. W. SimmonsJoseph KisnerRobert H. HimmelwrightWm. PrattenJohn Stewart

onTram Road

MinerMinerMinerMiner

New York Mining Co.New York Mining Co. Union No. 2

Union No. 1Jonas SkidmoreAntonio Ruffo

BrakemanMinerMiner


MAY 1, 1918, TO MAY 1, 1919

Marriedor Single Age

Fam-ily

.Nationality .Residence Cause of Accident.

WidowerMarriedMarriedMarried

56223147

1125

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican

Lonaconing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.Lord, Md.Lonaconing, Md.McKenzie, Md.

Fall of rock.Fall of rock.Fall of roof coal.Explosion of dynamite.

Single 18 AmericanAmerican

Kitzmiller, Md.Eckhart, Md.

Fell beneath cars.Married

5051

3AmericanAmerican

Kempton, W. Va.Kernpton, W. Va.

MarriedMarriedMarriedMarriedSingle

4561233319

4

2

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanItalian

Eckhart, Md. Caught by fall of top coal.Frostburg, Md. Fell off car, striking head.Vindex, Md. Thrown under loaded trip.Frostburg, Md. Fall of top coal and rock.Frostburg, Md.


FATAL ACCIDENTS

On February 19, 1919, Sinclair Bishop, a miner, residing atLonaconing, Md., and employed by the George's Creek Coal Co.,No. 1, was killed by fall of rock at face of place. The deceasedlived eighteen hours after accident occurred.

Time of Accident—10 A. M.Time of Inspection—i :25 P. M. February 20, 1919.Nationality—American. Married. Children 1.At time of inspection I was accompanied by Nathaniel

Somerville, superintendent.

On January 13, 1919, Mr. Edward Eilbeck, of Lonaconing, Md.,employed as miner by the George's Creek Coal Company, TysonMine, No. 3, was instantly killed by a fall of rock. The rock was5 feet wide, 15 inches thick and 8 feet long.

Time of Accident—S :15 A. M.Time of Inspection—10:30 A. M., accompanied by

Nathaniel Somenille, superintendent.Nationality—American. Age 22 years. Married. Chil-

dren 1.

On October 22, 1918, David Telford, of Lord, Md., employed bythe McKee Coal Co., was instantly killed, by fall of roof coal, whileworking at face of place.. At the time of accident he was workingwith Dan Cullen. The top coal was 2 feet thick, 8 feet long and4 feet wide.

Time of Accident—10:30 A. M.Time of Inspection—i :40 P. M., accompanied by James

Jenkins, superintendent, and Robert Shaw, foreman.Nationality—American. Married. Children 2.

On January 9, 1919, Mr. John Kroll, assistant mine foreman,at Waynesburg Mine, of the Maryland Coal Co., while assortingdynamite for the following day's work, in some way caused an ex-plosion which killed him instantly.

Time of Accident—2:30 P. M.Time of Inspection—9:30 A. M. January 10, 1919, ac-

companied by John Doddie, superintendent.Nationality—American. Married. Children 5.

On Friday, December 13, 1919, John McKenzie, rope rider onplane, employed by the Union Clay Mine No. 6, was standing onmain heading waiting to give signal to hoistman to stop the trip,when car jumped on switch, knocked out ring bar, which let downrock, that struck Mr. McKenzie and killed him instantly.


Time of Accident—2 :30 P. M.Time of Tnspection—9:40 A. M. December 14, 1918, ac-

companied by James Alden and Joe Finzel, mine fore-men.

Nationality—American.

On December 6, 1918, Clarence Liller was instantly killed whilein the employ of Hamill Coal & Coke Co., Kitzmiller Md., GarrettCounty. The deceased was working at right hand side of placewhen rock and dirt gave way, hitting him on head and shoulders.At the time of accident he was working with W. H. Metcalf andJames Burton.

Time of Accident—8:15 A. M.Time of Inspection—b A. NI. December 7, 1918, ac-

companied by W• D. Walker,. superintendent.ationa]ity—American. Single. Age 18 years.

On, December 20, 1918, Thornton Dowden, employed Wy theCumberland Big Vein Coal Co. as brakeman on tram road, whilestepping from empty car to engine felrunder trip of empty cars.He was killed instantly.

Time of Accident—10:30 A. M.Time of Inspection—i :30 P. M., accompanied by Mr.

Kreitzburg and Charles Brunner, engineer.Nationality—American. Married, Children 3.

On June 10, 1918, Robert H. Himmelwright, employed by theConsolidation Co& Company as a miner, was caught by a fall ofroof coal. He was taken to the hospital, where he died. Mr. Him-melwright was married and leaves a wife and family.

The deceased was 45 years old. He resided at Eckhart, Md.

On April 12, 1919, Mr. Wm. Pratton, employed by the Con-solidation Coal Company, while standing on top of a car, fell strik-ing his head, which caused his death in a few days.

Mr. Pratton was married and leaves a wife but no children.The deceased was 61 years old and resided at Frostburg, Md.

On June 24, 1918, Mr. John Stewart, of Vindex, employed asbrakeman by the Chaffee Coal Co., was fatally injured while ridingthe front end of the trip. With no means of control while hitchingpin brake, eighteen loaded cars ran away. It is supposed that hislight went out, and when he jumped he was thrown under the tripand rolled along, breaking one limb and otherwise being severelyinjured.


Time of Accident—8:30 A. M. June 24, 1918.Time of Death—--8:30 P. M. June 24, 1918.Time of Inspection—11:30 A. M. July 3, 1918, accom-

panied by Mine Foreman James Stewart.Nationality—American. Age, 23 years.The deceased was married, but left no children.

On July 9, 1918, Jonas Skidmore, employed by the New YorkMining Co., in Union Mine No. 2, as a miner was almost instantlykilled by a fall of roof coal, while in the act of putting up breakers.Mr. Skidmore had just finished setting a prop when a king barswung out catching him and burying him beneath tons of top coaland rock.

For seven hours a force of men worked diligently before theyuncovered the unfortunate man. Mr. Skidmore was working withWilliam Carter and had finished their shift and were about to leavethe place when the accident happened.

Time of Accident—12 :00 Noon July 9, 1918.Time of Death—12:00 Noon July 9, 1918.Time of Inspection—8 :30 P. M. July 9, 1918, accompanied

by General Manager James Aldon.Nationality—American. Age 83 years.The deceased was married and leaves a widow and two

children.

On July 19, 1918, Antonio Ruffo, Jr., employed by the NewYork Mining Co., in Mine No. 1, was fatally hurt while breakinga place off Definbaugh Heading. He was working with ConradHeberline when the accident occurred. He was removed to theMiners' Hospital, where he died at 3:00 P. M.

Time of Accident—li :30 A. M. July 19, 1918.Time of Death—8:00 P. M. July 19, 1918.Time of Inspectjon—7:00 A. M. July 20, 1918, accom-

panied by Superintendent Finzel and Mine ForemanTipping.

Nationality—Italian. Age 19 years.

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GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY, INC.

Name. Nationality. Residence. Cause and Nature of Accident.

Arch NicholsAlfred iiiddyJohn PattonWaLter BlubaughArch GreenWm. H. MillsJohn Peebes

ScitMartin EichhornHarry LeaseHugh Watson

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican

Lonacoeing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.Gilmore, Md.Lonaconing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.Lonacouing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.,Lonaconing, Md.Lonaconing, Md.

Fell from car, breaking little finger on left hand,Fall of rock, cutting right thigh.Cross bar fell, breaking big toe.While pushing car, wrenched back.Fall of rock, mashing thumb on left hand.Fall of rock, breaking little finger on left hand.Sqneeced between trap door and car, wrenched back.Fall of top coal, bruised leg and back.Rock fell on foot, mashing two toes.Fall of rock, bruised shoulder and arm.Cut left foot on steel rail.

SULLIVAN BROTHERS COAL COMPANY


John StewartJohn Brimlow

AmericanAmerican

Fall of top coal, back injured.Fall of top coal, back injured and generally bruised.William Grimes

George CanningAmericanAmerican

Fell while carrying rail, injured back.Fall of top coal, injured head and back.\reztnn Winner American Loaded car jumped track, injured head.

PIEDMOWF & GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY


Nick LaSette Italian. Piedmont, W. Va. Fall of rock, thumb of right hand mashed.John Martin American Pekin, Md. Hips and body squeezed between roof and car.Carl Jonoska Austrian. Westernport. Md. Back bruised and ribs cracked.Herbert Mayhew American Westernport, Md. Caught between car and roof, injured head.Thomas Boho American Weeternport, Md. Bone in right hand broken and wrist cut.David Lander, Jr. American Lonaconing, Md. Foot badly bruised.Arthur Poland American Weeternport, Md. Arm squeezed between car and roof.George Lauder American Lonaconing, Md. Finger mashed when caught between rail and wheel of motor.

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r on

han

d.H

and

beca

me

fest

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an in

to lo

aded

car

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eg c

ut a

nd b

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cau

ght b

etw

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pers

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eg c

ut a

nd b

ruis

ed.

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ght b

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car

and

prop

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de b

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Fell

agai

nst

car.

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s br

used

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ck r

an in

his

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ot c

ut a

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ith a

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Foot

cut

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cau

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n br

ake.

Fing

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roke

n.

ankl

eto

rnlo

ose.

CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY—Continued.


James WilsonHenry SchellArch HaLtArch HottAnthony CluppJohn M. BrysonPatrick CreeganEd. M. FolkClarence LewisElmer RiceAndrew BoydFrank MillerJohn DickeyAlvin HartJohn T. HartClarence Lashbaugh

AmericanAmerican

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican

Lord, Md.National, Md.Lord. Md.Lord. Md.Midland, Md.Midland, Md.Midland, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Zihlman, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Zihlman, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Eckhart, Md.

Caught between car and prop. Left leg bruised.Cars ran over his foot. Toes badly bruised.Hammer head flew off handle. Hand bruised.Fell on a nail. Ran nail in his knee.Háiid caught between roof and car. Third finger broken.Lifting lump of coal caused aggravation of hernia.Caught between car and prop. Knee cap bruised.Caught by fall. Back and hip bruised.Caught by fall. Body bruised.Caught by fall. Leg broken and four ribs cracked.Caught by fall. Body bruised and head cut.Finger caught between bumpers. Finger mashed.Ran into three ears. Left haiid and hips bruised.Slipped off platform. Elbow fractured.Caught finger while lifting car on track.Car jumped track and knocked him down. Eight empty cars ran over his

-

legs.

Cloyd DonaldsonPete Custon

AmericanAmerican

.

Zihlman, Md.Frostburg, Md.

Both les badly bruised.Lump of coal fell on his finger. Finger mashed.Lifting car on track with rail. Car supped on rail and caught his face. Face

Jos. PasserellaPat Tighe

Frostburg, Md.Zihlman, Md.

badly cut.Fell while setting brake. Bad cut on right hand.Lifhting a car and strained his side.Wm. T. Pape

Llwood HardenAlvin SnyderRobert Bean

AmericanAmericanAmerican

Eckhart, Md.Zihlman, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.

Caught by fall of slate. Two bones broken in right foot.Foot caught between car and tie. Toes mashed.Lump caught his finger against car. Finger mashed.Caught his finger while putting sprag in ear. Finger badly bruised.

George Kirby American Eckhart, Md. Caught by fall of rock. Side and back injured.Jas. E. Hughes American Eckhart, Md, Caught finger between car and prop. Finger mashed.Frank Posinel American Eckhart, Md. Caught by fall. Side and back injured.Jas. M. Athey American Frostburg, Md. Finger caught between car and prop. Two fingers mashed.Leo. Pluimner American Shaft, Md. Splitting wood with a bar. Bar went through the wood and struck his foot.

Foot badly cut.John Ware .American Frostburg, Md. Fell and struck knee on piece of slate Knee cut.John F. Corner American Frosthurg, Md. Axe handle caught on trousers. Causing him to cut his thumb.Martin Zavilaski Eckhart, Md. Struck by motor. Foot sprained and ankle cut.Arthur Hughes American Eckhart, Md. Caught by fall. Ankle broken and back bruised.Jás. MornoneTadole Crismo

Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.

Caught by fall. Back bruised.Finger caught between car and prop. Finger cut and bruised.Jas. P. lewis American Frostburg, Md. Fell and sprained his thumb.

Anthony RitchieThos. Nelson, Jr.

AmericanAmerican

Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.

Heel caught between car and motor. Right foot bruised.Struck by piece of rock. H8nd bruised and head cut.

Tlios. Nelson, Sr. American Frostburg, Md. Struck by piece of rock. Back and head bruised.Thos. Nelson, Jr. American Frostburg, Md. Lump of coal caught his finger agaiiist car. Finger mashed.

CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY—Continued.


Wm. Fisher, Jr. American Frostburg, Md. Caught between car and prop. Left arm bruised and cut.Samuel Morgan American Frostburg, Md. Strained his back lifting car on track.John Keiling American Frostburg, Md. Caught by fall. Ribs and hips bruised.Joseph Brown. American Frostburg, Md. Caught by fall. Back sprained and bruised.Leslie Hendley American Frostburg, Md. Dragged by frightened horse. Body bruised.Robert Brown American Frostburg, Md. Struck by piece of coal. Hand bruised and cut.J. M. Erode American Frostburg, Md. Struck by piece of coal. Right sidd bruised.George Griffith American Frostburg. Md. Fell over a barrel. Head badly bruised.Ely Phillips American Frostburg, Md. Struck by lump of coal. Left foot bruised.Wm. Casteel American Frostburg, Md. Struck by piece of coal. Foot bruised.Robert Conner Aiaerican Midlothian, Md. Caught by fall of rib. Head badly bruised.Walter K. Wade American Frostburg, Md. Caught by fall of breast. Ankle bruised.F. C. Meteger American Frostburg, Md. Car jumped track and caught his foot. Three bones broken.Andy Boyd American Frostburg, Md. Piece of timber fell on his legs. Both legs bruised.Chas. Seigmyer American Borden, Md. Ran splinter in finger. Abscessed finger.Robert Lace American Frostburg, Md. Log fell on his leg. Leg broken.£Jhas. C. Jeffries American Frostburg, Md. Finger caught while loading iron. End of finger mashed.John H. Kroll American Gilmore, Md. Rock rolled off drag and bruised his left hand.Wm. Polania, Jr. Midland, Md. Caught by fall of rock. Face cut and back bruised.

NON-FATAL ACCIDENTS DURING THE YEAR 1918-19 IN GARRETT COUNTY.

DAVIS COAL & COKE COMPANY


Earl FergusonGeorge Bullock

AmericanAustrajn n the act of stepping on motor. Foot slipped under 'wheel.

While replacing motor on track blocking slipped. Injured thumb.J. S. Ketterman American Caught finger between cars while coupLing.A. G. James American Caught hand under motor while adjusting sand pipe.Ed. Reel American Piece of slate fell and crushed foot.Thos. Day American Fell and ran pick in arm.W. S. StevensonEarl Ferguson

AmericanAmerican

Caught hand while making coupling.Laying top on moving motor, hand hold struck rib, flew back and struck

the' mouth..him .in

F. L. TephabaughMike DemeterDan Kotolène

AmericanHungarianAnstrian

Steppng off motor, foot slipped under wheel, wheel passing over toes.Slate fell from roof hitting him on head.Couping cars to motor when it started and caught his leg.

Walter Stevenson American In act of stepping on motor, missed step.Edward Custer American Whie pushing trip, ran into another, caught between.Nick TychechP. B. PenningtonTony ThompsonIrvin Nine

RussianAmericanAmericanAmerican

Loading rock and piece fell on hand,Cable of motor huined, burning left arm.Caught root between bumpers of car.Struck by car.

Mike BoyachekBenton Lewis

AustrianAmerican

Fall of coal, injured leg.Fall of coal, struck back and shoulders.

George BennetJoseph RushtonEarnest Hess


Fell while attempting to run past trip. catching arm.Hauling wire, crushed by motor.In the act of stepping on motor, foot slipped, motor catching left foot.

Lewis Eisler American Caught while trying to set brake when cars jumped track.A. V. Heckert American While setting brake, caught arm between root and car.Martin Hendrix Russian Fall of coal, struck on back and right hand.Snowden RoyT. J. Groves

AmericanAmerican

Coal fell catching foot.Caught leg between pile of coal and car.

Lewis Eisler American Attempted to catch motor, fell, motor ran over foot.Joe Pabst American Piece of coal fell, injuring right ankle.C. H. SimpsonWm. Stevenson

RussianAmerican

Coal fell on leg.loaded car ran over left foot when clothing caught on car.

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e.

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John

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and

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I

BRAILER MINING COMPANY


William Theorig

Earl WalshJohn CarterRalph CookEarl Poorbaugh

American

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican

Mt. Savage, Md,

Mt. Savage, Md.Mt. Savage. Md.Mt. Savage, Md,Mt. Savage, Md.

While bringing loads out heading another trip ran into him. Two lacerations incalf muscles, each one inch long.

Kicked my mule, sprained and bruised knee.Setting prop, cut thumb with axe.Fall of rock, sprained right knee.Loaded mine car ran away, struck him, rupturing calf muscles of right leg.

NON-FATAL ACCIDENTS DURING THE YEAR 1918-19, IN FIRE CLAY MINES.BIG SAVAGE FIRE BRICK COMPANY


Charles Williams American Garrett County, Md. Dislocation of left thumb, right wrist sprained and laceration of left eye.

SAVAGE MOUNTAIN FIRE BRICK COMPANY

Name.

Gladstone LarueOscar McKenzieRobert RicerArch BurdockGeorge Conner

.Daniel E. PriceRoy CroweJames Winebrsnner

Nationality. Residence, Cause and Nature of Accident.

AmericanAmericanAmericanAmericanAmerican


Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.

Frostburg, Md.Frostburg, Md.Frnstburg, Md.

Carrying props and fell, catching hand under prop, two fingers bruised.Lump of clay fell on foot, large the on right foot bruised.Struck by piece of rock, hand and leg bruised.Struck by piece of clay, bruising shoulder, cut head.Running loaded cars, lost control, cars jumping track, throwing him between

cars and rib, both legs badly bruised.Empty car ran over end of road, striking him on foot, bruising same.Loading car, piece of clay fell from roof, striking foot, bruising same.Loading props on car, slipped, throwing weight of props on hand, spraining same.

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AND FOREMEN OF ALLEGANY COUNTY, 1918.

Superintendent. Mine Foreman.

Barry Martin Peter HoyeHarry Martin D. J. MorganHarry Martin Hugo RempeHarry Martin John SlussHarry Martin Peter HoyeHarry Martin A. C. NealHarry Martin Charles Shields}larry Martin Wm. MatherHarry Martin George RichardsonHarry Martin George RichardsonHarry Martin James DarrowHarry Martin Wm. MatherHarry Martin R. L. EdwardsHarry Martin It. L. EdwardsJohn L. Casey George McManus, Chas. CusterJohn W. Kreitzburg John W. KreitzburgCharles 0. Enis John ShxihartCharles 0. Enis John ShuhartCharles 0. Enis John ShuhartJohn S Hart Marcellus MorganWilliam Walters William WaltersWilliam Walters William WaltersJ. 0. J. Greene Jas. RigginsJ. 0. J. Greene Jas. RigginsThomas Daily David WilkinsThomas Harris Thomas HarrisS. J. Alden Albert Deffinbaugh, John TippingS. J. Alden - Albert Deffinbaugh, John TippingS. J. Alden Albert Defflnbaug'n, John TippingC. Roberts Harry RetzorJ. W. P. Somerville Frank C. MyersJames Jenkins Robt. T. ShawJames Jenkins George TennantC. E. Potter Jacob BlubaughW. E. G. Hitchin George ArnoldRobert Harvey Robert HarveyW. H. Brown Henry Biggs, P. H. BrownJohn D. Frenzel A. L. FrenzelRobert L. Green Robert L. GreenElkins Read James Dinning, Arch Stewart

William B. MacMillanE. J. Roberts E. J. RobertsWilliam Hyde. Sr. William Hyde, Sr.William Hyde, Sr. William Hyde, Sr.J. R. Hamilton Nathaniel SomervilleJ. R. Hamilton Nathaniel SomervilleJ. R. Hamilton Nathaniel SomervilleJ. R, Hamilton Nathaniel SomervilleJ. R. Hamilton Nathaniel SomervilleJ. R. Hamilton Nathaniel SomervifleJ. R. Hamilton Nathaniel SomervilleJ. W. P. Somerville J. S. AskeyJ. W. P. Somerville E. R. BrennanJ. W. P. Somerville Edward ShawU. Ilanna - James HannaChas. S. Jeifries Jos. J. MaureyH. G. Evans John KempWilliam H. Barnes William H. BarnesJ. E. Miller J. E. MillerSamuel Smith Samuel SmithSolomon Brode Solomon BrodeCharles Eagan Charles EaganJohn W. Fitzpatrick James FitzpatrickJohn A. Sullivan John P. BarryJohn A. Sullivan Bernard D. ByrnePatrick Brophy Wm. P. Brophy, John J. Flaherty. Wm. HarperPatrick Brophy William P. BrophyPatrick Brophy M. T. O'Rourke, John D. WallaceMartin Condry Oscar HuberHarry W. Rowe Gus LindemanH. Langham H. LanghamLouis Stanton Louis StantonWilliam Harvey John HarveyAlexander Adams Joseph ToddAlexander Adams Robert MerrbaughAlexander Adams Robert MerrbaughAlexander Adams Robert DuncanWm. L. Hamilton James WalshBenj. Evans - Benj. EvaxsC. 0. Workman C. 0. Workman

MINE INSPECTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT, 1918-19.

NAMES OF GENERAL MANAGERS, SUPERINTENDENTS

Name o Company Mine General Manager

Aberdeen Coal Co.Pendergast & AshbyGeorge HooverMonroe Coal Mining Co.Davis Coal & Coke Co.Blame Mining Co.Garrett County Coal & Mining Co.Garrett County Coal & Mining Co.G. C. PattisonoPotomac Valley Coal Co.Potomac Valley Coal Co.Myers Coal Co.Hamill Coal & Coke Co.The Standard Coal Co.Trout Coal Co.Trout Coal Co.Hubbard Coal Mining Co.Chaffee Coal Co.Pattison & BrydonOffutts Coal Co.J. M. KisnerBloomington Coal Co.

No. -2No. 1-2Hoovers

ICempton No. 42Potomac Manor

No. 1-3-45-6-7PattisonLouisePeerlessMyersHamill

No. 1No. 2No. 1-2-7ChaffeeEmpireOffuttsICisnerBloomington

A. Spates bradyM. W. PendergastGeorge HooverWilliam H. GibsonM. A. StewartJ. G. Boyd

Wm. GibsonG. C. PattisonOtis E. AbernathyOtis E. AbernathyC. A. senderR. A. SmithCarl HetzelR. A. SmithR. A. SmithJ. J. Johnston

Sheridan StotlemeyerL. B. Brydon

.

J. M. ICisnerS. B. Brydon

NAMES OF GENERAL MANAGERS, SUPERINTENDENTS

Name of Company Mine General Manager

Union Mining Co.Big Savage Fire Brick Co.Andrew Ramsay Co.Savage Mountain Fire Brick Co.

Mt. Savage-Clay S. J. AldonParker D. A. BensonMaryland Andrew RamsayNo. 5 John A. CaIdwell

24

—

MINE INSPECTOWS ANNUAL REPORT, 1918-19. 25

AND FOREMEN OF GARRETT COUNTY, 1918.


A. Spates Brady

George HooverS. B. BrydonWm. GibsonGeorge oydGeorge oydGeorge BoydRussell PattisonOtis AbernathyOtis AbernathyWm. P. BakerR. A. SmithR. L. ICnightJ. S. BlackmanJ. S. BlackmanJ. J. JohnstonSheridan StottlemeyerS. B. BrydonA. Spates Brady

R. H. utlerJesse AshbyGeorge HooverJohn TibbettL. A. KightG. L. CampbellG. L. CampbellG. L. CampbellThomas SwanJoseph SmithRobert F. PrittsWm. P. BakerW. D. WalkerR. L. KightJohn SheetsJohn SheetsH. C. PaughRutherford Stottlemeyer Jas. StewartJohn TibbettsJ. M. KisnerF. . Christopher

AND FOREMEN OF CLAY MINES, 1918.


S. J. AldeqClarence RaleyJames JenkinsG. A. Schuckhart

Joseph FinzleClarence RaleyJames JenkinsChas. Wolfe

NA

ME

S O

F O

FFIC

ER

S, A

LL

EG

AN

Y C

OU

NT

Y, 1

918.

Nam

e of

Com

pany

Prin

cipa

l Off

ice

Pres

iden

t's N

ame

and

Add

ress

.Se

cret

ary'

s N

ame

and

Add

ress

.

Con

solid

atio

n C

oal C

o.C

ontin

enta

l Bld

g., B

altim

ore,

Md.

C. W

. Wat

son.

Con

tinen

tal B

ldg.

, Bal

-tim

ore,

Md.

T. K

. Sto

art,

Con

tinen

tal B

ldg.

, Bal

timor

e,M

d.Ph

oeni

x &

Geo

rge'

s C

reek

C. M

. Co.

Wes

tern

port

, Md.

W. B

. Alth

ouse

, 515

Wid

ener

Bld

g..

Cnm

berl

and

Big

Vei

n C

oal C

o.R

oom

48

Thi

rd N

ati.

Ban

k, C

nm-

berl

and,

Md.

Phila

delp

hia,

Pa.

L. L

ee L

icht

cnst

ein

Cnm

berl

and.

Md.

Edw

ard

F. R

yan,

Cnm

berl

and,

Md.

Cal

edon

ia C

oal C

o.G

eorg

e's

Cre

ek C

oal M

inin

g C

o.Pi

edm

ont,

W. V

a.40

8 Fr

ick

Bld

g., P

ittsb

orgh

, Pa.

Car

roll

Patti

son,

Blo

omin

gton

Eng

enie

Rei

llyH

. P. B

rydo

n, C

ombe

rlan

d, M

d.F.

K, P

eabo

dy, T

reas

. & S

ec.

Mid

loth

ian

Coa

l Co.

Com

berl

and,

Md.

Car

l Het

zel,

Cum

berl

and,

Md.

K. S

. Sta

lling

s, C

ombe

rlan

d, M

d.M

iller

& G

reen

Coa

l Co.

Wes

tern

port

Coa

l Co.

Wes

tern

port

, Md.

Wes

tern

port

, Md.

John

P. M

iller

Will

iam

Pao

l, W

este

rnpo

rt, M

d.J.

0. J

. Gre

ene

Hor

ace

P. W

hitw

orth

, Wes

tern

port

, Md.

Cla

ir C

oal C

o.40

3 Fi

nanc

e B

ldg.

,Ph

ilade

lphi

a,Pa

.V

. H. B

orto

er, W

este

rnpo

rt, M

d.V

. H. B

urtn

er, W

este

rnpo

rt, M

d.N

ew Y

ork

Min

ing

Co.

Mt.

Ssva

ge &

Geo

rge'

s C

reek

Coa

l Co.

Geo

rge'

s C

reek

-Par

ker

Coa

l Co.

McK

ee C

oal C

o.

Bal

timor

e, M

d.Fr

ostb

org,

Md.

Cnm

berl

and,

Md.

Fros

tbnr

g. M

d.

H. C

. Bla

ck, B

altim

ore,

Md.

G. S

tern

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.J.

W. P

. Som

ervi

lle, C

ombe

rlan

d, M

d.J.

Jen

kins

, Fro

stbn

rg, M

d.

.H

.C

. Bla

ck, B

altim

ore,

Md.

Jnlin

s A

bram

son,

Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.C

. B. W

illar

d, C

nmbe

rlan

d, M

d.W

illia

m J

enki

ns, F

rost

burg

, Md.

Nor

th M

aryl

and

Coa

l Co.

802

Hon

se B

ldg.

, Pitt

sbnr

gh, P

a.E

. J. H

ouse

, Hon

se B

ldg.

, Pitt

sbur

gb,

J. M

. Irw

in, H

onse

Bld

g., P

ittsb

urgh

, Pa.

.

Pa.

W. E

. G. H

itchi

nC

. & W

. Ele

otri

c R

ailw

ay C

o.W

est V

irgi

nia

Pulp

& P

aper

Co.

Fros

tbnr

g. M

d.B

arto

n, M

d.20

0 Fi

fth

Ave

., N

ew Y

ork

City

.W

. K. G

. Hitc

hin,

Pro

stbu

rg, M

d.R

ober

t Har

vey,

Bar

ton,

Md.

John

G. L

uke

W. K

. G. H

itchs

n, F

rost

burg

, Md.

Rob

crt H

arve

y, B

arto

n, M

d.C

harl

es A

. Cas

s.C

hapm

an C

oal M

inin

g C

o.G

reen

Coa

l Min

ing

Co.

Mar

ylan

d C

oal C

o.B

altim

ore,

Md.

Mey

ersd

ale,

Pa.

No.

1 B

road

way

, New

Yor

k C

ity.

W. J

. Cha

pman

E. W

. Shi

pley

, Mey

ersd

ale,

Pa.

J. W

. Gal

low

ay, N

o. 1

Bro

adw

ay, N

ew

G. W

. Cha

pman

.B

. K. S

hipl

ey, M

eyer

sdal

e, P

a.J.

K. M

cGow

an, N

o.1

Bro

adw

ay, N

ewA

llega

ny C

oal C

o.H

offa

Bro

s. C

oal C

o.G

eorg

e's

Cre

ek C

oal C

o., I

nc.

Mid

land

Msn

sng

Co.

Mos

cow

-Geo

rge'

s C

reek

Min

ing

Co.

Alle

gany

Big

Vei

n C

oal C

o.Fr

oebu

rg B

ig V

ein

Coa

l Co.

Wes

tern

port

, Md.

Pied

mon

t, W

. Va.

Cum

berl

and,

Md.

Cum

berl

and.

Md.

Cum

berl

and,

Md.

84 B

road

way

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.Fi

rst N

atio

nal B

ank

Bld

g., F

rost

-

Yor

k C

ity.

E. J

. Rob

erts

Tho

s. B

. Cam

pbel

l, Pi

edm

ont,

W. V

a.H

. E. W

eber

, Cum

berl

and,

Md.

J. W

. P. S

omer

ville

, Cum

berl

and,

Md;

J. W

. P. S

omer

ville

, Cum

berl

and,

Md.

Wm

. K. G

ente

r, F

rost

burg

, Md.

Rob

erde

au A

nnan

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.

Yor

k C

ity.

K. C

. Rob

erts

.A

rthu

r P.

Hof

fa, B

nrto

n, M

d.C

arl C

. Het

zel,

Cum

berl

and,

Md.

W. A

. S. S

omer

ville

, Cum

berl

and,

Md.

W. A

. S. S

omer

ville

, Cum

berl

and,

Md.

U. H

anna

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.C

has.

3. J

eff

ries

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.H

. G. E

vans

Wm

. H. B

arne

s &

Son

Mrs

. Jac

ob E

. Mill

er F

uel C

o.Sa

mue

l E. S

mith

Solo

mon

Bro

deE

agan

Min

ing

Co.

Fitz

patr

ick

Coa

l Co.

Sulli

van

Bro

s. C

oal C

o.

burg

, Md.

Fros

tbur

g, M

d.M

idlo

thia

n, M

d.L

onae

onin

g, M

d.M

idlo

thia

n, M

d.Fr

ostb

urg,

Md.

Mid

land

, Md.

Peki

n, M

d.Fr

ostb

urg,

Md.

H. G

. Eva

ns, F

rost

burg

, Md.

Wm

. H. B

arne

s, M

idlo

thia

n, M

d.M

rs. J

acob

Mill

er, L

onae

onin

g, M

d.Sa

mue

l Sm

ith, M

idlo

thia

n, M

d.So

lom

on B

rode

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.C

harl

es E

agan

, Mid

land

, Md.

John

W. F

itzpa

tric

k, P

ekin

, Md.

Ben

nis

P. S

ulliv

an, E

ckha

rt M

ines

,M

d.

H. G

. Eva

ns, F

rost

bnrg

, Md.

Wni

. H. B

arne

s, M

idlo

thia

n, M

d.M

rs. J

acob

Mill

er, L

onac

onin

g, M

d.Sa

mue

l Sm

ith, M

idlo

thia

n, M

d.So

lom

on B

rode

, Fro

stbn

rg, M

dC

harl

es E

agan

, Mid

land

, Md.

John

W. F

itzpa

tric

k, P

ekin

, Md.

Will

iam

J. S

ulliv

an, E

ckha

rt M

ines

, Md.

NA

ME

S O

F O

FFIC

ER

S, A

LL

EG

AN

Y C

OU

NT

Y 1

918.

—C

oncl

uded

.

Nam

e of

Com

pany

Pied

mon

t & G

eorg

e C

reek

Coa

l Co.

Uni

ted

Big

Vei

n C

oal C

o.L

. B. &

M. C

oal C

o.St

anto

n &

-G

eorg

e's

Cre

ek C

oal C

o.C

lifto

n B

ig V

ein

Coa

l Co.

New

Cen

tral

Coa

l Co.

Bra

iler

Min

ing

Co.

Eva

ns C

oal C

o.C

. 0. W

orkm

an

Prin

cipa

l Off

ice

Fros

tbur

g, M

d.M

t. Sa

vage

. Md.

Pied

mon

t, W

. Va.

Fros

tbur

g, M

d.Fr

ostb

urg,

Md,

No.

17

Bat

tery

Pla

ce, N

ew Y

ork

City

.M

t. Sa

vage

, Md.

110

E. M

ain

St.,

Lon

acon

ing,

Md.

Fros

tbur

g, M

d.

Pres

iden

t's N

ame

and

Add

ress

.

John

S. B

roph

y, F

rost

burg

, Md.

Cla

renc

e F.

Row

e, M

eyer

sdal

e, P

a.D

. S. B

oa!

Lou

is S

tant

on, F

rost

burg

, Md.

Uri

ah J

ones

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.M

alco

lm B

axte

r.

Geo

rge

C. B

raile

r, M

t. Sa

vage

. Md.

Ben

j. E

vans

, Len

acon

ing,

Md.

C. 0

. Wor

kman

, Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.

Secr

etar

y's

Nam

e an

d A

ddre

ss.

John

Kea

ting,

Cum

berl

and,

Md.

Cly

de 3

. Row

e, C

umbe

rlan

d, M

d.D

. S. B

oal.

Will

iam

Sta

nton

, Gra

ntsv

ille,

Md.

D. D

. Pri

ce, F

rost

burg

, Md.

L. L

. Han

sel!

.

Dav

id B

raile

r, M

t. Sa

vage

, Md.

H. C

lay

Eva

jis, L

onac

onin

g, M

d.C

. 0. W

orkm

an, F

rost

burg

, Md.

NA

ME

S O

F O

FFIC

ER

S, G

AR

RE

TT

CO

UN

TY

, 191

8.

Nam

e of

Com

pany

Prin

cipa

l Off

ice

Pres

iden

t's N

ame

and

Add

ress

.Se

cret

ary'

s N

ame

and

Add

ress

.

Abe

rdee

n C

oal C

o.Pe

nder

gast

& A

shby

Geo

rge

Hoo

ver

Mon

roe

Coa

l Min

ing

Co.

Dav

is C

oal &

Cok

e C

o.

I3la

ine

Min

ing

Co.

Was

hing

ton,

P.

C.

sutto

n, M

d.Je

nnin

gs, M

d.B

ethl

ehem

, Pa.

Bal

timor

e, M

d.

No.

1 B

road

way

, New

Yor

k C

ity.

F. C

. Leo

nard

, Cow

ders

port

, Pa.

M. M

T. p

ende

rgas

t, H

utto

n, M

d.G

eorg

e H

oove

r, J

enni

ngs,

Md.

Alla

n C

. Dod

son,

Bet

hleh

em, P

a.A

. W. C

allo

way

, Con

tinen

tal B

ldg.

,B

altim

ore,

Md.

T.

B.

Dav

is, N

o.1

Bro

adw

ay, N

ew

Geo

. S. R

ees,

Was

hing

ton,

D. C

.M

. W. P

ende

rgas

t, H

utto

n. M

d.G

eorg

e H

oove

r, J

enni

ngs,

Md.

Josi

ah B

achm

an, B

ethl

ehem

, Pa.

E.

R.

Stew

art,

Con

tinen

tal B

ldg.

, Bal

ti-m

ore,

Md.

J. W

. Poo

le, N

o. 1

Bro

adw

ay. N

ew Y

ork

Gar

rett

Cou

nty

Coa

l & M

inin

gG

. C. P

attis

onPo

tom

ac V

alle

y C

oal C

o.

Mye

rs C

oal C

o.Il

amill

Coa

l & C

oke

Co.

Stan

dard

Coa

l Co.

Tro

ut C

oal C

o.H

ubba

rd C

oal M

inin

g C

o.

J. M

. Ris

ner

Cha

ffee

Coa

l Co.

.

Pat

hson

& B

rydo

n C

oal C

o.O

ffut

ts C

oal C

o.B

loom

ngto

n C

oal C

o.

Co.

Bet

hleh

em, P

a.B

loom

ingt

on, M

d.K

itzm

iller

ville

, Md.

Gra

ntsv

ille,

Md.

Bla

me,

W. V

a.O

umbe

rlan

d, M

d.B

lam

e, W

. Va.

904

Am

eric

anB

ldg.

,B

altim

ore,

Md.

Sins

e, M

aryl

and.

1632

Rea

l Est

ate

Tru

st B

ldg.

,Ph

ilade

lphi

a, P

a.G

raft

on, W

. Va.

Oak

land

, Md.

Gra

fton

, W. V

a.

Yor

k C

ity.

E. L

. Bul

lock

, Haz

leto

n, P

a.G

. C. P

attis

on, B

loom

ingt

on, M

d.Jo

hn Y

. Rite

, Fai

rmon

t, W

. Va.

C. A

. Ben

der,

Gra

ntsv

ille,

Md.

M. M

. Bro

wn,

Bla

me,

W. V

a.C

arl C

. Het

zel,

Cum

berl

and,

Md.

R. A

. Sm

ith, B

lam

e, W

. Va.

E. C

lay

Tim

man

s, 9

04 A

mer

ican

Bld

g.,

Bal

timor

e, M

d.J.

M. K

isne

r, S

ines

. Md.

P. J

. Bar

rall,

163

2 R

eal E

stat

e T

rus

Bld

g., P

hila

delp

hia,

Pa.

L. B

. Bry

don,

Gra

fton

, W. V

a.M

rs. S

. V. B

rydo

n, B

loom

ingt

on, M

d.

City

.C

has.

0. B

ye, W

ilmin

gton

, Del

.G

. C. P

attis

on, B

loom

ingt

on, M

d.L

ouis

Raf

etto

, 902

Fin

ance

Bld

g.,

Phila

-de

iphi

a, P

a.C

. A. B

ende

r, G

rant

svill

e, M

d.J.

A. S

hore

, Bla

me,

W. V

a.G

. H. H

etze

l, C

umbe

rlan

d, M

d.F.

G. T

rout

, Bla

me,

W. V

a.Pe

ter

Ton

ne, 9

04 A

mer

ican

Bld

g.. B

alti-

mor

e. M

d.J.

M. I

Cis

ner,

Sin

es, M

d.P.

M. S

atte

rthw

ait,

1632

Rea

l Est

ate

Tru

stB

ldg.

, Phi

lade

lphi

a, P

a.L

. B. B

rydo

n, G

raft

on, W

. Va.

L. B

. Bry

don,

Gra

fton

, W. V

a.

NA

ME

S O

F O

FFIC

ER

S, F

IRE

CL

AY

MIN

ES,

191

8.

Nam

e of

Com

pany

Prin

cipa

l Off

ice

Pres

iden

t's N

ame

and

Add

ress

.Se

cret

ary'

s N

ame

and

Add

ress

.

Uni

on M

inin

g C

o.M

t. Sa

vage

, Md.

H. C

. Bla

ck, B

altim

ore,

Md.

Big

Sav

age

Fire

Bri

ckA

ndre

w R

amsa

y C

o.C

o.A

llega

ny, M

d.M

t. Sa

vage

, Md.

D. A

rmst

rong

, Fro

sthu

rg, M

d.A

ndre

w I

amsa

y, M

t. Sa

vage

, Md.

D.

WiA

. Ben

son,

Fro

stbu

rg, M

d.11

1am

Hop

kins

, Mt.

Sava

ge,

Md.

Sava

ge M

ount

ain

Fire

Bri

ckC

o.Fr

ostb

urg,

Md.

John

A. C

aidw

ell,

Fros

tbur

g, M

d.W

.F.

Cai

dwel

l, Pi

edm

ont,

W.

Va.


ALLEGANY COUNTY TONNAGE FOR THE YEAR OF 1918

Name of Company Tonnage

Consolidation Coal Co 878,406.00Phoenix and George's Creek Coal Mining Co 41,907.18Cumberland Big Vein Coal Co 11,665.89Caledonia Coal Co 90,490.17The George's Creek Coal Mining Co 48,080.91Midlothian Coal Co 12,230.30Miller & Green Coal Co 17,120.00Westernport Coal Co 29,108.00Clair Coal Co 11,400.00New York Mining Co 107,258.22Mt. Savage & George's Creek Coal Co 44,356.29George's Creek-Parker Coal Co 40,056.00McKee Coal Co 37,929.00North Maryland Coal Mining Co 37,507.00W. E. G. ilitchin 2,085.00C. & W. Electric Railway Co 4,485.00West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co 140,377.00Chapman Coal Mining Co 69,850.00Green Coal Mining Co

I 9,000.00Maryland Coal Co 152,375.2&Allegany Coal Co 37,166.10iloffa Bros. Coal Co

I 80,210.00George's Creek Coal Co 203,556.00Midland Mining Co

I 63,213.19Moscow-George's Creek Mining Co 41,592.00Allegany Big Vein Coal Co 10,796.00Frostdurg Big Vein Coal Co 39,615.41II. G. Evans 10,103.00Wm. II. Barnes & Son 760.00Mrs. Jacob E. Miller Fuel Co

I 1,600.00Samuel E. Smith 2,760.00Solomon Brode 2,020.00Eagan Mining Co 2,115.00Fitzpatrick Coal Co 14,115.00Sullivan Bros. Coal Co 106.557.O0Piedmont & George's Creek Coal Co

I 151,376.31United Big Vein Coal Co 28,000.00L. B. M. Coal Co 4,560.00Stanton & George's Creek Coal Co 7,082.00Clifton Big Vein Coal Co - 3,390.00New Central Coal Co 86,629.00Brailer Mining Co 3,439.00Evans Coal Co 394.00C. 0. Workman 3,453.00

TotalI 2,723,189.22


GARRETT COUNTY TONNAGE FOR THE YEAR 1918-19


Aberdeen Coal Co 14,000.00Pendergast & Ashby 8,225.00George Hoover 2,121.93.Monroe Coal Mining Co 25,009.12Davis Coal & Coke Co 160,987.15Elaine Mining Co 118,051.00Uarrett County Coal & Mining Co 105,433.00Garrett County Coal & Mining Co 120,050.02G. C. Pattison 23,960.00Potomac Valley Coal Co 59,272.20Myers Coal Co 5,016.00Iamill Coal & Coke Co 112,000.00The Standard Coal Co 15,160.00Trout Coal Co 4,000.00}ubbard Coal Mining Co 9,789.00Chaffee Coal Co 98,000.00Pattison & Brydon 1,918.00Outts Coal Co 300.00J. M. Kisner 750.00Bkomington Coal Co 33,376.00

Total 917,420.00

TONNAGE FOR THE YEAR 1918—CLAY MINES


Union Mining Co 38,630.00Big Savage Fire Brick Co

I 21,569.00Andrew Ramsay Co 3,133.00Savage Mountain Fire Brick Co 12,617.00

Total 75,949.00

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I

ALLEGANY COUNTY IMPROVEMENTS FOR 1918.

The Consolidation Coal Co Refuse Disposal Plants at Mines No. 1 and 3.Phoenix & George's Creek Mining Co Graded and laid 2,000 feet of tram road. Made two

openings in the Bakerstown seam. Installed a 20H. P. motor to run fan, and picking table to cleancoal on dump.

Cumberland Big Vein Coal Co

Miller & Green Coal Co

Built one mile tram. InstalTed donkey engine. Builtnew tipple at Eckhart, Md.

Electrified mines. Machinery instailed, but not inoperation.

Mt. Savage George's Creek Coat CoNorth Maryland Coal Mining Co

Installed electricity.Installed Itidgeway generator motor and motor for

haulage. Equipped mines with electric machinery.installed a five-foot Stine fan, which is run by ab H P. motor. Installed a link belt picking tableto clean coal. Do not use black powder or dyna-

L. B. & M. Coal Co -mite, only permissable exFlosives.

Installed new fan and engine. New mules andmining cars.

ALLEGANY COUNTY.

Name of Company.

Consolidaion Coal Co

Phoenix & George's Creek Mining CoMiller & Green Coal Co

New York Mining CoMt. Savage George's Creek Coal CoGeorge's Creek-Parker Coal CoC. & W. Elecric RailwayWest Virginia Pulp & Paper Co

Chapman Coal Mining Co

Hoffa Bros. Coal OnPiedmont & George's Greek Coal Co

United Big Vein Coal GoL. B. & iVi. Coal (Jo

Veins of Coal Known to Be on the Property,with Acreage of Each Supposed to Exist.

Big Vein. 8,937.819 acres; Upper Tyson or Sewickley,5,473 acres; Red Stone, Lower Sewickley, Waynes-burg, Washington and all seams given in theMaryland State Geological Survey Reports, theacreage of which have not been defined.

All seams of coal below Big Vein, 446 acres.Split Six, 200 acrös, not developed; Six Foot, 200

acres.No. 1, Pitts-Tyson-Redstone. No. 2, Pits-Tyson.Bluebaugh.Parker Vein, Bond Vein, Harlan Vein.Split Six. 45 acres; Freeport, 30 acres.Middle Kittanning, 100 acres; Lower Kittanning, 100

acres; Clarion, 120 acres.Little Pittsburgh, 600 acres; Clarksburg, 650 acres;

Tyson, 6 acres; Big Vein, 5 acres. -

Big Vein, acreage no known; Bakerstown, 800 acres.Tyson, 341/4 acres; Six Foot, 1264f,. acres; Four

Foot, 13 acres; Lower Kittanning, 463% acres.Pittsburgh, flson, Redstone. and all veins below.Bakerstown, 28% acres; Big Vein, 1/4 acre.


ALLEGANY COUNTY (Continued)

Coal Area Worked Out. Acreage yet to mitts.

Consoldation Coal Co 12,774.380 acres.Only partially worked. No

seams below the Big Veinhaving been developed.

Phoenix & George's C. M. Co 446 acres.10 acres.

Cumberland Big Vein Coal Co 122 acres.3 acres.

Miller & Green Coal Co Clarion, 250 acres.Clarion, 200 acres; Six Foot, 2 Six Foot. 198 acres.

acres.

New York Mining Co No. 1. 175 acres.No. 1, 16 acrfes; No. 2, 3% No. 2, 5 acres.

acres.

Mt. Savage George's Creek Coal Co 2,496 acres.35 acres.

C. & W. Electric Railway 30 acres.7 acres.

West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co 45 acres.55 acres.

Chapman Coal Co 100 acres. Bakers—9 acres. town.

Hoffa Bros. Coal Co10 acres.

Piedmont & George's Creek Coal Co40% acres.

United Big Vein Coal Co 320 acres, Pitts-4 acres Pittsburg.

L. B. & M. Coal Co 28% acres.1% acres.

George's Creek Coal Co51½ acres.

I

GARRETT COUNTY IMPROVEMENTS FOR 1918.

Potomac Valley Coal Co 90 ft. spur swich to mine siding at Louise Mine.At Peerless Mine, repaired tipple bridge, railroadside track addition. Installed new ventilating sys-tem and water system with 16,000 gallons capacity.Built new gasoline and oil house, opened naturaldrainage. Retimbered haulways and overhauled entire motor haulway. Built bunk house for employesworking on motors at night. Improved base ofInstalled mine telephones.

trout Coal Co Building houses, six. Development of mines.Hubbard Coal Mining Co One opening.Chaffee Coal Co Built new tipple and installed 70-ton Shay engine.


FIRE CLAY MINES IMPROVEMENTS FOR 1918.

Union Mining Co One 200 H. P. electric hoister replacing gravityplane.

GARRETT COUNTY IMPROVEMENTS FOR 1918

Name of Company, Veins of Coal Known to Be on the Property,with Acreage of Each Supposed to Exist.

Potomac Valley Coal Co

Hamill Coal & Coke Co

The Standard Coal Co

Trout Coal Co

Hubbard Coal Mining Co

Chaffee Coal Co

Upper Freeport, 176 2-3 acres; Lower Kittanning,196 2-3 acres.

Kittanning, 600 acres; Freeport. 350 acres.

Bakerstown, Upper and Lower Kittanning; Upperand Lower Freeport; Clarion.

1,048 in tract, with four workable seams, but esti-mated at 3,000 acres in all.

Upper Freeport, 450 acres; Lower Freeport, 450acres; Lower Kittanninig, 150 acres; Clarion, 450acres.

Lowe' Kittanning, 700 acres; Freeport, 400 acres.

GARRETT COUNTY (Continued)

Coal Area Worked Out. Acreage yet to Mine.

maine Mining Co562 acres.

G. C. Pattison20 acres.

Potomac Valley Coal Co -15 9-10 acres.

The Standard Coal5 acres.

Trout Coal Co2 acres.

Hubbard Coal Mining Co300 acres.

Chaffee Coal Co100 acres.

371 acres.

354 acres.

750 acres.

1,046 in lower seam

150 acres.

1,100 acres.


ALLEGANY COUNTY MINES.

CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY.

Peter Hoye Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 1 is located at Ocean on the east side of theGeorge's Creek. It is a slope opening working the Pittsburg or BigVein Coal Seam, and is opened up on the double entry system.

Ventilation is produced by steam driven fans, and the air cur-rent is conducted to the working faces, by overcasts, doors andbracttices. It is found in a satisfactory and lawful condition.

Drainage is very difficult, owing to the low condition of themine, and a heavy expense is incurred keeping it satisfactory. Itis obtained by being drained through the Hoffman tunnel.

Timbering is found in a good condition, and owing to the ageof the mine, it requires a great deal of timbering to keep the roofin a safe condition.

The coal is mined by pick, blasted by powder, and is gatheredand hauled to the side track in the interior by horses, from there itis conveyed to the bottom of the slope by two Baldwin air motors17 and 19 tons. It is then hoisted by a Dixon hoisting machineto the outside, where it is dumped hito railroad cars and shippedover the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad. Oil and carbideare used by the miners for illumination.

During the year 1918 they employed 251 men, worked 284 daysand produced 183,332 tons of coal.

Harry Martin General Superintendent.

D. J. Morgan Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 3, is located at Hoffman, one and one-halfmiles east of Frostburg. It is a slope opening working the Pitts-burg or Big Vein Seam of coal, and is developed on the double entrysystem.

Ventilation is produced by a steam-driven fan, and the air cur-rent is conducted to the working faces by overcasts, doors andbrattices. It is found in a satisfactory and lawful condition.

Drainage is most difficult, and it is necessary to have a numberof pumps and ditches in order to keep the drainage in a lawful con-dition. Drainage is through the Hoffman ditch, which emptiedinto the Braddock Run at Clarysville.

Timbering is found in a good condition, but it requires a greatdeal of timbering to keep the roof in a safe condition.

The coal is mined by pick, blasted by black powder and is gath-ered in the interior to a side track by horses and is conveyed tothe bottom of the slope by a 19-ton air motor. It is then raised

—


7,500 feet to the outside by a hoisting engine. It is then dumpedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsyl-vania Railroad.

During the year 1918-19 they employed 199 men, worked 298days and produced 123,928 tons of coal.

Hugo Rempel Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 4 is a slope opening working the Pittsburg orBig Vein coal seam. It is developed on the double entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a steam-driven fan, and is conductedto the working' faces by brattices.

Drainage is very difficult, but by the use of pumps and ditchesit is kept in a lawful condition.

The roof is of a very dangerous character, owing to the age ofthe mine. The timbering, however, is well looked after.

The coal is mined by pick, blasted by black powder, and hauledto the side track in the interior by mules. It is then conveyed tothe bottom of the slope by motor, hoisted to the outside by meansof a stationary engine, dumped into railroad cars and shipped overthe Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


James Darrow Mine Foreman.

Consol Tyson Mine No. 6 is located at National. It i a driftopening working the Sewickley or Tyson coal seam, anti is devel-oped on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by natural means and is conducted tothe working faces by brattices.

Drainage is in a lawful condition. The roof is very dangerous,but the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is mined by pick, blasted by black powder. It ishauled to the outside by mules, dumped into railroad cars andshipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918-19 they employed 22 men, worked 247days, and produced 11,009 tons of coal.

John Sluss Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 7 is located at Lord one and one-half mileswest of Carlos Junction. It is a slope opening, working the Pitts-burg or Big Ven seam of coal, and is developed on the double-entrysystem.

The ventilation is found in a lawful condition, and is pro-duced by a steam-driven fan. It is conducted to the working facesby doors and brattices.


Drainage is by natural means, and is drained into the Oceanwater ditch. It is in good condition.

The roof is of the usual character, which overlies the Pitts-burg seam in this region, and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the bottom of the slopeby horses, from where it is hoisted 5,000 feet to the outside, dumpedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Carlos Branch of the Cum-berland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


Peter Hoye Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 8 is located on the west side of the George'sCreek, and is on the main line of the Cumberland and PennsylvaniaRailroad. It is a slope opening, working the Pittsburg or Big Veincoal seam, and is developed on the double entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a fan driven by an electric motor.It is conducted to the working face by doors, brattices and stop-pings. Although it is difficult to ventilate the mine it is kept in agood condition.

Drainage is by means of the pumps and ditches emptying intothe Ocean ditch.

The roof is very dangerous, but the timbering is well lookedafter.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the bottom of the slope byhorses, it is hoisted to the outside, dumped into railroad cars andshipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


Wm. Mather Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 9 is located at the end of the "Y" on the mainline of the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad. It consists offour drift openings, known as B, C, D, E, working the Tyson coalseam. D and E serve as a travel way for men, and B and C areused for haulage.

Ventilation is found in a satisfactory condition and is pro-duced by steam-driven fans. It is conducted to the working faceand throughout the mine by overcasts, doors and brattices.

Drainage is very difficult, but is kept in a lawful condition,by holes being driven to the big vein and by the use of ten largeelectric pumps.

The coal is undercut by machine and by hand pick. The coalis gathered and conveyed to side tracks by motors. It is taken tothe tipple by electric motors, dumped into railroad cars and shippedover the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

—



R. L. Edwards Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 10 is located at Eckhart, Md., west of theConsol Mine No. 4. It is a drift opening, working the Upper Se-wickley or Tyson coal seam, and is developed on the double-entrysystem.

Ventilation is produced by fan driven by an electric motor.The air is conducted to the working face by overcasts, doors andbrattices.

Drainage is very difficult, but is kept in a lawful condition bypumps and holes being driven into the big vein.

The roof is as good as the average found in the Tyson vein andrequires a great deal of timbering.

The coal is gathered and conveyed to the side tracks by mulesin the old section, while in the new section it is conveyed to the sidetracks by electric motors. It is taken to the outside and over atram road 2,000 feet long to the dump by a large motor. It is thendumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland andPennsylvania Railroad.

R. L. Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 11 is located at pumping shaft, above the bigvein of Consol Mine No. 5. It is a shaft opening, working the Up-per Sewickley or Tyson coal seam, and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a steam-driven fan, and is conductedto the working face by overcasts and brattices.

Drainage is very difficult, but is kept in a satisfactory condi..tion by electric pumps and holes drilled into the big vein.

Roofing is good, except in a few places.The coal is gathered and hauled to side tracks by mules, and is

conveyed to a chute which is driven to the strata to the big veinat No. 3. It is then dumped into mine cars at the bottom of No. 3,conveyed to the tipple, dumped into railroad cars and shipped overCumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


A. C. Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 12 is located at Borden Shaft, on the main lineof the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad. It is a shaft open-ing working the Pittsburg or Big Vein seam of coal. It is devel-oped on the double entry system.


Ventilation is produced by a fan driven by a Crawford & Mc-Crimmond engine at pumping shaft.

Drainage is by natural means and ditches, and is drained intothe Hoffman water ditch. The roof is as good as the average, andrequires a great deal of timbering.

The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track into the in-terior by horses, and hauled to the bottom of the shaft by airmotor. It is then raised to the surface and dumped into railroadcars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


Charles Shields Mine Foreman.Mine No. 13 is located at Old Consolidation, a village about one

mile west of Frostburg, operating a series of drift openings in thePittsburg and Tyson coal seam.

Drift No. 1 is ventilated by a steam-driven fan. The air cur-rent is conducted to the working face by brattices and doors, andis found in a good condition.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the tipple by horses, whereit is dumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberlandand Pennsylvania Railroad.

The slope opening is ventilated by a steam-driven fan and theair current is conducted to the working face by doors and bratticesand is found in a lawful condition. The roof is good and the timber-ing is well looked after. The coal is gathered and hauled to thebottom of the slope by horses. It is then hoisted by engine anddumped in conjunction with the output of No. 1.

B, C and D are drift openings, working the Sewickley orTyson coal seam. The ventilation is produced by natural means,and is not always satisfactory.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside and over ashort tram road to the tipple by mules. It is then dumped in con-nection with the output of No. 1 and 2.


Wm. Mather - Mine Foreman.Consol Mine No. 14 is located at Allegany, and is known as the

"Old Allegany Mine." It is a drift opening, working the Pittsburgor Big Vein coal seam, and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a five-foot fan, driven by an electricmotor. The air current is conducted to the working face by ap-proved doors and brattices.

Drainage is by means of ditches and is drained into the Alle-gany Ditch. The roof is of the usual character, overlying the Pitts-burg seam.

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The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside and to the headof the plane by horses. It is then lowered 600 feet, dumped intorailroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and PennsylvaniaRailroad.


George Richardson Mine Foreman.

Consol Mine No. 16 is located about two miles east of Midland.It consists of a series of openings and is developed on the doubleentry system.

No. 1 and Hoffman No. 3 are slope openings, and No. 4 is adrift opening. Ventilation is produced by an electric fan, and isconducted to the working faces by overcasts, doors and brattices.

Drainage is by means of pumps and is found in a satisfactorycondition.

Timbering is carefully looked after.Coal is gathered in the interior by horses, and hauled to the

outside by electric hoists. It is hauled from No. 1 and 3 mines bymeans of a small engine to No. 4 mine. It is then hauled arounda tram road of five miles by a large engine to No. 3 mine, where itis dumped into railrQad cars and shipped over the Eckhart Branchof the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


PHOENIX AND GEORGE'S CREEK COAL CO.

John L. Casey Superintendent.

Geo. McManus, Chas. Custer Mine Foreman.

Elkhart Mine is located on the west side of the George'sCreek near Reynolds. It is a drift opening, working the Bakers-town or Barton four-foot coal seam, and is developed on the doubleentry system.

Ventilation is produced by a fan driven by an electric motor,and is conducted to the working faces by doors and stoppings. Ven-tilation is in good condition.

Drainage is difficult in sections. The roof as a rule is good,but requires a great deal of timbering.

The coal is blasted by powder, and is gathered and hauled toa side in the interior by mules. From there it is hauled to theoutside and to the head of the plane by electric motors. It is thenlowered to the tipple, dumped into railroad cars and shipped overthe Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

Dunng the year 1918-19 they employed 82 men, worked 225days and produced 41,907 tons of coal.

46 MiNE INSPECTOR'S ANNUAL REPORT, 1918-19.

CUMBERLAND BIG VEIN COAL COMPANY.John W. Kreitzburg.Superintendent.

The Cumberland Big Vein Coal Co., Conway Mine No. 1, is lo-cated about one mile east of Eckhart. It is a drift opening, work-ing the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, and conditions arefavorable. There are numerous holes driven to the surface andaround the outcrop, where the working faces are located.

Drainage is by natural means and is found in a good condition.The roof is very dangerous and requires a great deal of timberingto keep it safe.

The coal is gathered in the interior and conveyed to the out-side by horses. It is then dumped into motor trucks and hauledto the railroad.


CALEDONIA COAL COMPANY.

Charles 0. Enos Superintendent.John Foreman.

Caledonia Mine is located on the west side of the George'sCreek. The mine consists of four drift openings, working thePittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, by holes driven tothe surface around the outcrop near where the working faces arelocated. Drainage is by natural means and ditches, and is gener-ally good. The roof is of a very dangerous character, being nearthe outcrop and, therefore, requires very careful attention.

The coal is gathered in the interior and conveyed to side trackson the outside by horses. From there it is hauled two and one-third miles to the head of the plane by locomotive. It is then low-ered over a plane and dumped into railroad cars and shipped overthe Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918-19 Big Vein, Tyson and Bakerstown em-ployed 110 men, worked 241 days and produced 90,490 tons of coal.

MIDLOTHIAN COAL COMPANY.Wm. Walters

Midlothian Coal Co. is located at Midlothian, about two mileswest of Frostburg. The mine consists of five drift openings, work-ing the Pittsburg or Big \Tein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means and is found to bevery satisfactory. Drainage is generally good and is by naturalmeans and ditches. The roof is of a dangerous character, being

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near the outcrop, and therefore, requires very careful timbering.The timbering is carefully looked after.

The coal is mined by pick, blasted by black powder and is gath-ered in the interior and is hauled to the head of the plane by horses.From there it is lowered over three planes. It is then dumped intorailroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and PennsylvaniaRailroad.

During the year 1918-19 they employed 30 men and produced12,231 tons of coal.

MILLER & GREEN COAL COMPANY.J. 0. J. Green Superintendent.Jas. Riggins Mine Foreman.

Miller & Green Coal Co. is located near Westernport and is adrift opening, working the Clarion or Parker seam of coal. It isdeveloped by the double-etitry system.

The ventilation is produced by a steam-driven fan and is con-ducted to the working faces by doors, stoppings, and is found to begenerally good. Drainage is difficult and not at all times satisfac-tory, owing to the level condition of the mine.

Roofing is good and timbering carefully looked after.Coal is mined by pick, blasted by black powder, and is gathered

on the interior and hauled to the dump by mules, where it isdumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland andPennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918-19 the mines have been electrified andmachinery installed.

WESTERNPORT COAL COMPANY.Thomas M. Daily General Manager.

The Westernport Mine is located at Franklin. It is a driftopening, working the Lower Kittanning coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by electric fan and is conducted to theworking faces by doors and brattices. Drainage is difficult in sec-tions, however, it is kept in good condition by electric pumps.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled to the outsideby mules and dumped into conveyors. It is then dumped into rail-road cars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Rail-road.


CLAIR COAL COMPANY.

V. H. Burtner General Manager.Penn Mines No. 1, 2, 3 and 4, are located on the west side of


the George's Creek, near Franklin. They are drift openings andworking the Bakerstown-Barton four-foot coal seam, and are de-veloped on the double-entry system.

The ventilation is well distributed, being produced by a largesteam fan, and the air conditions are good. Drainage is by natura'means and ditches.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled to the head ofthe plane by mules, where it is lowered 800 feet to the dump.. Itis dumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland andPennsylvania Railroad.


NEW YORK MINING COMPANY.S. J.

The New York Mining Company is operating several mines inAllegany County, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein and Tysonseam of coal. The mines are located about two miles northeast ofFrostburg, on the Cumberland and Pennsyllvania Railroad.

Union Mine No. 1 is located near Allegany, on the west side ofJennings Run, and is reached by a short branch road of the Cum-berland and Pennsylvania Railroad. It is a drift opening, workingthe Pittsburg or Big Vein seam of coal, and is developed on thedouble-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a 16-foot fan driven by motor. Theair current is found satisfactory.

Drainage is kept in good condition by ditches.The coal is undercut by two Sullivan short waIl chain machines

and pick. It is gathered and hauled to side tracks in the interiorby horses, from where it is taken to the dump by motor, dumpedon a shaker, then to picking table, and finally dumped into railroadcars for shipment.


NEW YORK MINING COMPANY.

Union Tyson Mine No. 1 is a drift opening, working the Sewick-ley or Tyson seam of coal, and is developed on the double-entrysystem. The ventilation is produced by a large stack, and the aircurrent is conducted to the working face by means of doors andbrattices, and is found good.

Drainage is kept in a satisfactory condition by ditches.The coal is gathered in the interior of Mine No. 1 by mules and

hauled to the head of the plane. It is then dumped into railroadcars and is shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Rail-road.



NEW YORK MINING COMPANY.

Union Mine No. 2 is located on the main line of the Cumber-land and Pennsylvania Railroad. It is a drift opening, working thePittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. It is developed and opened upon the double-entry system.

The ventilation is produced by a motor-driven fan and is con-ducted to the working face in a• lawful manner.

The roof in some sections of the mine is very bad and requiresvery careful timbering to keep it in a safe condition. The drainageis fairly good.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled to the dumpby horses. It is then dumped on a shaker, from there to a pickingtable, and then loaded on railroad cars and shipped over the Cum-berland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


MT. SAVAGE & GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY.

C.Harry Retzor Mine Foreman.

Mine No. 1 is located at the George's Creek Village, on themain line of the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad. It is adrift opening, working the Brookville or Bluebaugh coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by an air shaft sunk 204 feet. Theair current is conducted to the working faces by doors, bratticesand stoppings. Drainage is difficult, but is kept in good conditionby means of ditches and pumps. The roof is good and timberingis well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside over a shorttram road to the tipple by mules. It is then dumped into railroadcars and shipped over the Cumberland add Pennsylvania Railroad.


THE GEORGE'S CREEK-PARKER COAL COMPANY.

J. W. P. Somerville - Superintendent.F. C. Myer Mine Foreman.

Mine No. 1 is a drift opening, working the Bond coal seam, andis developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a seven-foot fan, driven by a steamengine. The air current is conducted to the working faces by ap-


proved doors and brattices. Drainage is by natural means andditches. Roof is good and timbering carefully looked after.

The coal is undercut by machine and also by pick. It is gath-ered and hauled to a side track in the interior by mules; from thereit is conveyed to the outside and over a short tram road to thetipple by electric motor. It is then dumped on a picking table andconveyed to railroad cars by motor. It is then shipped over theCumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


- McKEE COAL COMPANY.

James Jenkins - General Manager.

McKee coal mine is located one and one-half miles west ofCarlos Junction. There are two openings, working the Pittsburg orBig Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, and the conditionsare favorable for this means of ventilation, as there are numerousholes driven to the surface and around the outcrop near the work-ing faces. Drainage is by natural means and is found in good con-dition. The roof requires a great deal of timbering, being near theoutcrop.

The coal is gathered and hauled by horses to the outside andover a tram road to the head of the plane. It is then lowered overtwo planes, dumped into railroad cars and-shipped over the Cumber-land and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918 they employed 105 men, worked 290 daysand produced 37,929 tons of coaL

CTJMBERLAND & WESTERNPORT ELECTRIC RAILWAY CO.

Robert Harvey General Manager.

Reynolds Mine is located at Reynolds. It is a drift opening,working the Upper Freeport seam of coal, and is developed on thedouble-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a motor-driven fan. The current isconducted to the working faces by brattices, and is in a satisfac-tory condition. Drainage is very difficult, owing to the level condi-tion of the mine. The roof requires a great deal of timbering tokeep it in a safe condition.

The coal is mined by pick, blasted by black powder and is gath-ered in the interior and hauled by mules to the Cumberland andWesternport Electric Railroad plant, and the output is used by thisplant.

During the year 1918-19 they, employed 4 men, worked 300days and produced 4,485 tons of coal.


WEST VIRGINIA PULP & PAPER COMPANY.W.E.Brow..Henry Biggs, P. H. Brown Mine Foremen.

Devon Mine is located at Luke, on a branch of the WesternMaryland Railroad. It is a drift opening, working the Davis six-foot seam, and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a fan driven by an electric motor,and is conducted to the working faces by doors and stoppings. Theair current is found in a satisfactory condition. Drainage is diffi-cult in some sections, but is kept in a lawful condition by electricpumps. The roof requires a great deal of timbering, which is al-ways attended to promptly.

The coal is gathered to side tracks in the interior by mules,from there it is hauled to the head of the plane by two motors,where it is lowered to the dump. The output from this mine isused by the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Mill at Luke. The mainheading is illuminated with electric lights.

CHAPMAN COAL COMPANY.

John P. FrenzeL.Superintendent.A. L. Frenzel Mine Foreman.

Chapman Mine is located at Barton on the west side of theGeorge's Creek. It is a drift opening, working the Bakerstown orBarton four-foot seam of coal, and is developed on the double-entrysystem.

Ventilation is produced by a fan driven by a natural gas en-gine. It is conveyed to the working faces by doors and stoppings,and the air current is generally in a good condition. Drainage isby natural means and ditches. The roof is of the usual characteroverlying the Bakerstown seam.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the head of the plane bymules. It is then lowered to the tipple, dumped into railroad carsand shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


GREEN COAL MINING COMPANY.

Robert L. Green Superintendent.

The Moscow Mine No. 1 is lccated on the east side of theGeorge's Creek, at Barton. It is a drift opening working the Pitts-burg or Big Vein coal seam.


Ventilation is produced by natural means, by holes driven tothe surface around the outcrop near where the working faces arelocated. Drainage is by natural means and ditches, and is gen-erally good. The roof requires a great deal of timbering to pre-vent falls of coal.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the head of the plane byhorses. It is then lowered over a plane and dumped into railroadcars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918 they employed 20 men and produced9,006 tons of coal.

MARYLAND COAT4 COMPANY.Elkins Read

The Maryland Coal Company is located on the west side of theGeorge's Creek at Lonaconing. They are operating several mines,working the Pittsburg or Big Vein, Tyson, Waynesburg and Free-port seams of coal.

Tyson Mine No. 1 is located on the west side of George's Creekat Lonaconing. It is a drift opening, working the Sewickley orTyson coal seam, and is developed on the double entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a motor-driven fan. The air cur-rent is conducted to the working faces by overcasts, doors and brat-tices, and is found in a satisfactory condition.

Drainage is difficult, but is kept in a lawful condition by ditchesand pumps. The roof is good and timbering well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled by mules to side tracks in theinterior; from there it is conveyed by motor to the tipple, dumpedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Western Maryland Railroad.

Big Vein Mine consists of two openings known as No. 10 and12, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

At No. 10 the ventilation is produced by natural means and theair conditions are good. It is conducted to the working faces bydoors and brattices. The drainage is by natural means and is foundgood.

At No. 12 the ventilation is produced by a motor-driven fan,and is conducted to the working faces by doors and brattices, and isfound in a lawful condition. The drainage is by pumps and ditchesand is very difficult. The roof requires a great deal of timbering.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside by horses, fromthere it is conveyed over a tram road to the tipple by an engine,dumped into railroad cars and shipped over the George's CreekDivision of the Western Maryland Railroad.

- ALLEGANY COAL COMPANY.E. J. Roberts General Manager.

Tacoma Mine is located on the west side of the George's Creek


at Franklin. This mine is a drift opening, working the Lower Kit-tanning or Davis six-foot coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by furnace and by several openings.The air current is conducted to the working faces by doors andstopping, and is found in a good condition. Drainage is by naturalmeans and is generally good. The roof is of a dangerous characterand requires a great deal of timbering.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled from the minesto the tipple by mules. It is then dumped into railroad cars andshipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


HOFFA BROS: COAL COMPANY.William ilyde, Sr. Superintendent.

Potomac Mine is located in Barton. This mine consists of 11drift openings, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam, andis developed on the single-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, and the conditionsare favorable. The drainage is also by natural means, and is insatisfactory condition.

The coal is gathered and hauled from the interior by mulesand over a tram road 5,000 feet long to the head of the plane. Itis then lowered over four planes, hauled over a tram road by a 17-ton steam engine, dumped intot railroad cars and shipped over theCumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918 they employed 116 men, and produced80,210 tons of coal.

GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY.William F. Coale General Manager.J. R. Hamilton Superintendent.

George's Creek Mine No. 1 is located on the west side of theGeorge's Creek near Lonaconing. There are two openings, workingthe Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by holes being driven to the surfacearound the outcrop and near where the working faces are located,and is found in a good condition.

Drainage is by ditches and is satisfactory. The roof is of theusual character, and requires a lot, of attention.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled over a tramroad to the tipple by horses and dumped into railroad cars andshipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918, they employed 64 men, worked 251 daysand produced 45,163 tons of coal.


GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY.

George's Creek Mine No. 2 is located on the east side of theGeorge's Creek, near Lonaconing. It is a drift opening, workingthe Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by holes being driven to the surfaceand around the outcrop, near where the working faces are located.For this system of ventilation the conditions are good.

Drainage is by means of ditches and is in fairly good condi-tion. The roof is of a dangerous character and requires a good dealof timbering.

The coal is gathered and hauled over a short tram road to thetipple, where it is dumped into railroad cars and shipped over theCumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


George's Creek Mine No. 3 is located on the west side of theGeorge's Creek, near Lonaconing. It is a drift opening, workingthe Sewickley or Tyson coal seam, and is developed on the doUble-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a fan, driven by an electric motor.The air current is conducted to the -working faces by overcasts,doors and stoppings, and is generally good.

Owing to the level condition of the mine the drainage is verydifficult. The roof is good and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track in the interiorby mules, from where it is conveyed to the outside and over a shorttram road to the tipple by an electric motor, dumped into railroadcars and shipped over the George's Creek Division of the WesternMaryland Railroad.


George's Creek Mine No. 4 is located two miles south of Lona-coning. It is a drift opening, working the Upper Sewickley orTyson coal seam, and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a fan driven by an electric motorand is conducted to the working faces by overcasts, doors and stop-pings. Drainage is by natural means and ditches, and is generallygood.

The roof is in good condition and is generally found good.The coal is gathered and hauled to the side tracks in the in-

tenor by mules, from where it is conveyed to a short tram roadand then to the tipple by motor. It is then dumped into railrOadcars and shipped over the Western Maryland Railroad.



MIDLAND MINING COMPANY.

J. W. P. SomervilleSupt. and General Manager.

Neff Run Mines is located near Midland. It has five openingsworking the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, by holes being drivento the surface around the outcrop near the working faces. Drain-age is by natural means and ditches and generally good. The roofis dangerous, being near the outcrop and therefore requires a greatdeal of timbering However, it is kept in a safe condition

The cctl is gathered in the interior and hauled over a tramroad to the head of a plane by horses. It is then lowered 800 feetto the tipple, dumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cum-berland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


MOSCOW-GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY.

J. W. P.

Moscow No. 2 is located near Barton, on the west side of theGeorge's Creek. There are three drift openings, working the Pitts-burg or Big Vein coal seam.

The ventilation is produced by natural means, by numerousholes driven to the surface and around the outcrop near where theworking faces are located. Conditions are good for this system ofventilation. Drainage is by natural means and ditches. The roofis of a very dangerous character and requires a Ereat deal oftimbering.

The coal is gathered in the interior by horses and hauled tothe head of the plane. It is then conveyed over three planes and atram road, and is dumped in conjunction with the output fromMine No. 3.

Mine No. 3 is located on the west side of the George's Creeknear Barton. It is drift opening working the Bakerstown, betterknown as the Barton, four-foot seam of coal.

Ventilation is prodnced by an electric fan, and the air condi-tions are good. -

The coal is gathered and hauled from the interior to the tippleby mules from where it is dumped into railroad cars and Shippedover the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.

During the year 1918, they employed 61 men, worked 236 daysand produced 41,592 tons of coal.


ALLEGANY BIG VEIN COAL COMPANY.

James Hanna Superintendent.

The Allegany Coal Company Mine is located near Allegany.It is a drift opening, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means and the conditionsare good for this kind of ventilation. Drainage is by natural meansThe roof is dangerous and requires a great deal of timbering tokeep it in a safe condition.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside by horses loadedinto railroad cars, and shipped over the Western Marylaid Railroad.


FROSTBTJRG BIG VEIN COAL COMPANY.

Charles S. Jeifries - Manager.

The Frostburg Big Vein Coal Company Mine is located nearAllegany, on the west side of Jennings Run.

The mine has eight drift openings, working the Pittsburgor Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, from holes beingdriven to the surface. Drainage is by natural means, and is ingood condition.

The coal is gathered and hauled from the interior by horses tothe head of the plane, where it is lowered 700 feet and dumpedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsyl-vania Railroad.


H. G. EVANS COAL COMPANY.H. G. Evans - iVianager.

Borden Mine is located at Borden, near Frostburg. There aretwo drift openings, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, and conditions aregood for this kind of ventilation as there are numerous holesdriven to the surface around the outcrop, where the working facesare located. Drainage is in a lawful condition by natural means.The roof is of a dangerous character, and requires a great deal oftimbering to keep it safe.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside by horses,loaded into railroad cars and shipped over the Western MarylandRailroad.


WM. H. BARNES & SONS FUEL MINE.

The Barnes Mine, located at Midlothian, is a drift opening,working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. During the year1918 they produced 760 tons.

SAMUEL SMITH FUEL MINE.The Smith Mine is located at Midlothian and is a drift opening,

working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. During the year1918 they produced 2,760 tons of coal.

SOLOMON BRODE FUEL MINE.The Brode Mine is located at Frostburg, Md., and is a drift

opening, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. During theyear 1918 they produced 2,020 tons of coal.

EAGAN MINTNG COMPANY.

The Eagan Mining Company is located at Midland and is adrift opening working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. During the year 1918 they produced 2,115 tons of coal.

FITZPATRICK COAL COMYANY.

John W.

Pekin Mine No. 1 is located on the west side of the George'sCreek at Pekin. It is a drift opening, working the Pittsburg orBig Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by holes being driven to the surfaceand around the outcrop, where the working faces are located.Drainage is by natural means and ditches. The roof is of the usualcharacter, and requires a great deal of timbering to keep it in asafe condition.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled to the head ofthe plane by horses. It is lowered 1,500 feet and dumped intorailroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and PennsylvaniaRailroad.

During the year 1918 they produced 14,115 tons of coal.

SULLIVAN BROS. COAL COMPANY.

John A.John P. Barry, Bernard Byrnes..Mine Foremen.

Sullivan Mine No. 1 is located near Eckhart. It is a drift open-ing working the Upper Sewickley, better known as the Tyson coalseam, and is developed on the double entry system.


Ventilation is produced by a large fan, driven by gas, and isfound in good condition. Drainage is by natural means and ditchesand is found in a satisfactory condition.

The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track in the interiorby mules; from there it is conveyed to the head of the plane by afive-ton electric motor, lowered over a plane 1,200 feet, dumpedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Eckhart Branch of theCumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


SULLIVAN BROS. COAL COMPANY.

Sullivan Mine No. 2 is located at Carlos. This mine consistsof five drift openings and one slope opening, working the Pitts-burg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by numerous holes driven to the out-side around the outcrop near where the working facec are located.and is found in a favorable condition. Drainage is by naturalmeans and ditches. The roof is of a dangerous character, beingnear the outcrop, and, therefore requires a great of timberingto keep it in a safe condition.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled to the outsideby horses; from there it is lowered over a plane to the dump. Itis then dumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberlandand Pennsylvania Railroad.


PIEDMONT & GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY.

Washington No. 1.Patrick BrophyWilliam P.John P.William

Washington Mine No. 1 is located on the west side of theGeorge's Creek, near Franklin. It is a drift opening, working theLower Kittanning seam of coal, and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a five-foot fan, driven by an electricmotor. The air current is conducted to the working faces by doorsand stoppings, and I have always found it in a satisfactory con-dition. Drainage is by means of holes drilled into the Lower Kit-tanning and by pumps. Drainage is very difficult throughout thismine; however, it is kept in a lawful condition. The roof is good,with a few exceptions.


The coal is cut by two Jeffrey Arc-Wall machines and is gath-ered and hauled to a side track in the interior by motor, anddumped on a screen, from where it is loaded into railroad cars andshipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.



Washington Mine No. 2.

MartinOscar Huber Foreman.

Washington Mine No. 2 is located at Eckhart. It is a driftopening, working the Upper Sewickley or Tyson seam, and is de-veloped on the double entry system.

Ventilation is produced by an eight-foot fan, driven by steam,and is generally good. Drainage is good except in a few sections.The roof is good and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is mined by pick and is gathered and hauled to thedump by a 10-ton electric motor. It is then dumped into railroadcars and shipped over the Eckhart Branch of the Cumberland andPennsylvania Railroad.



Washington Mine No. 3.Patrick Brophy — Superintendent.

'Washington Mine No. 3 is located on the west side of theGeorge's Creek, near Franklin. It is a drift opening, working theUpper Kittanning or Davis six-foot coal seam, and is developed onthe double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a five-foot fan, driven by motor.The air current is found in a good condition. Drainage is difficultin sections, but is kept in a lawful condition by ditches and punips.The roof is good, and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the side tracks in the in-tenor by mules; from there is it conveyed to the tipple by gasolinemotors and dumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Cum-berlarid arid Pennsylvania Railroad.




Washington Mine No. 5.

Patrick Brophy Superintendent.M. T. O'Rourke Foreman.John D. Wallace Foreman.

Washington Mine No. 5 is located on the west side of theGeorge's Creek, near Franklin. It has four drift openings, work-ing the Bakerstown or Barton four-foot seam, and is developed onthe double entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a 10-foot fan, driven by steam. Theair current is conducted to the working faces by doors and bratticesand is found in a good condition. Drainage is by natural means.The roof is not so good as the average overlying the Bakerstownseam, but the timbering is well looked after.

During the past year the company has built new houses fortheir employees, consisting of four, five and six rooms. They areof first class material throughout. The streets have been pavedwith concrete and concrete walks made around each house. Eachhouse is wired for electric light, and the city water is on the street.In addition to this the streets and crossings are well lighted.Everything is modem and up to date.

Two new sub-stations of 150 K. W. have been installed, one atMine No. 1 and one at Mine No. 5. They furnish power to operatefans, pump, haulage and gathering motors.

Mine No. 5 is a machine mine, all coal being cut by Sullivanshort-wall machines. This method makes good rough coal. Eachplace is undercut five feet, and each miner has two places of hisown, there is no crowding. In this way the men have no smoke towork in, the cars are placed up to the men with small gatheringmotors, which pushes them up to the breast of coal in many places.There has been an additional five-ton motor added to the haulage.since the last report.

The incline plane, which is 2,250 feet long, has been improvedand made safe by putting an electric motor on the plane machineThis has been a wonderful help in landing trips, and in making itsafe for men and company.

During the year 1918 they emplyoed 70 men and produced55,558 tons of coal.

UNITED BIG VEIN COAL COMPANY.Harry W. Rowe

United Big Vein Mine is located west of Mt. Savage. It con-sists of two drift openings, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coalseam, and is developed on the double-entry system.

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Ventilation is produced by natural means, and is found satis-factory. The current is conducted to the working faces by ap-proved brattices and doors. Drainage is kept in a lawful conditionby iatural means and ditches. The roof is good and the timberingis well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside by mules. It isthen conveyed over a tram road to the head of a plane by engine,then lowered over a plane to the dump, dumped into railroad camand shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad.


MRS. JACOB MILLER FUEL MINE.

The Miller Mine is located at Lonaconing and is a drift opening,working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. During the year1918 they produced 1,160 tons of coal.

STANTON & GEORGE'S CREEK COAL COMPANY.Louis Stanton General Manager.

Stanton's Mine is located on the west side of Braddock's Run,one mile south of Clarysville, along the old National Road. It isa drift opening, working the Kittanning seam of coal.

Ventilation is produced by a 16-foot fan, driven by steam, andthe air current is fairly good: Drainage is difficult in some sec-tions. The roof which overlies the Kittanning in this section isabove the average, and for this reason the timbering is sometimesneg]ected.

The coal is gathered in the interior and hauled to the headof the plane by mules and ponies. It is lowered 900 feet, dumpedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsyl-vania Railroad.

CLIFTON BIG VEIN COAL COMPANY.Uriah Jones General Manager.

Clifton Big Vein Mine is lccated east of Frostburg, Md. It isa drift opening, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, as there are numer-oiis holes driven to the surface and around the outcrop near theworking faces. Conditions are favorable for this system of ven-tilation. The roof is of the usual character, being near the out-crop, so therefore requires much timbering to keep it safe.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside by horses, loadedinto railroad cars and shipped over the Cumberland and Pennsyl-vania Railroad.


BRAILER MINING COMPANY.

Wm. Hamilton General Manager.

Bald Knob Mine is located at Mt. Savage. It consists of fouropenings, working the Pittsburg or Big Vein coal seam. It is de-veloped on the double-entry spstem.

Ventilation is produced by natural means and is conveyed tothe working faces by doors and stoppings. The air conditions aregood. Drainage is by means of ditches. The roof is good and thetimbering well taken care of.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the outside by horses; fromthere it is conveyed over a tram road to the head of a plane. It isthen lowered 4,500 feet to the tipple, from where it is dumped intorailroad cars and shipped over the CuMberland and PennsylvaniaRailroad.

NEW CENTRAL COAL COMPANY.

Alexander Adams Superintendent.

Koontz Mine No. 1 is located two miles south of Lonaconing.It is a drift opening working the Upper Sewickley or Tyson coalseam, and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by an eight-foot fan, driven by steam,and is found in a good condition. Drainage is by means of ditches.The roof is good and the timbering well taken care of.

The coal is gathered to side tracks in the interior by mules,from where it is conveyed to the outside and hauled one mile to thehead of a plane by rope and stationary engine. It is then lowered1,100 feet and dumped into railroad cars and shipped over theWestern Maryland Railroad.

GARRETT COUNTY MINES.

MONROE COAL MINING COMPANY.

Wm. H. Gibson General Superintendent.

Elk Run Mine No. 1 and 3 are located at Barnum, on the westside of the Potomac River, and on the main line of the WesternMaryland Railroad. They are drift openings, working the Bakers-town or Barton four-foot and the Lower Kittanning or Davis six-foot seam of coal, and are developed on the double-entry system.

At Mine No. 1 the ventilation is produced by an 11-foot fan,driven by steam, and is generally good. The coal is gathered to aside track by mules, from there it. is conveyed to the outside bygasoline motor and hauled over 600 feet of tram road to a dump,

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which crosses the Potomac River. It is loaded into railroad carsand shipped over the Western Maryland Railroad.

Mine No. 3 is located directly above Mine No. 1, and is a driftopening, working the Bakerstown or Barton four-foot coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by a seven-foot fan, driven by com-pressed air. The roof is good and the timbering is well lookedafter.

The coal is gathered and hauled from the interior to the headof the plane by mules. It is lowered 1,225 feet and dumped intorailroad cars in connection with the output of Mine No. 1.


DAVIS COAL & COKE COMPANY.

M. A. Stewart

The Kempton shaft of the Davis Coal & Coke Company is lo-cated in the southwest corner of Garrett County, Maryland. Thisis the shaft opening, working the Lower Kittanning coal seam.

The ventilation is produced by a Robinson fan and driven byan electric motor. It is conducted to the working faces by ap-proved overcasts, doors and stoppings, and the air conditions aregood. The roof is in good condition and the timbering is carefullylooked after. Drainage is kept in a lawful condition by means ofpumps.

The coal is undercut by three Goodman mining machines andalso by pick. The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track in theinterior by eight General Electric six-ton reel motors. From thereit is hauled to the bottom of the shaft by two ten-ton motors. Itis then raised 420 feet to the surface by an electric motor, and isdumped into a 600-ton steel bin. It is then dumped into railroadcars and shipped over the Western Maryland Railroad.


BLAINE MTNING COMPANY.

George Boyd Superintendent.

G. L. Mine Foreman.

Blame Mining Company is located at Potomac Manor, on thewest side of the Potomac River, and on the main line of theWestern Maryland Railroad.

Mines No. 1 and 2 are drift openings, working the Lower Kit-tatnning or Davis six-foot coal se&m, and is developed on the double-entry system.

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Ventilation is produced by a 12-foot fan, driven by steam.The air current is conducted to the working faces by doors andstoppings, and is found in a lawful condition.

Drainage is kept in a satisfactory condition by natural meansand ditches. The roof is of the usual character overlying theLower Kittanning seam in this region, and the timbering is welllooked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track in the in-terior by mules and horses; from there it is conveyed to the out-side and over 1,700 feet of tram road to the head of the plane byfour electric motors. It is then lowered 900 feet to the dump anddumped on a 12-foot picking table, which conveys it to the rail-road cars.

During the year 1918 they employed 147 men, worked 281days and produced 118,051 tons of coal.

GARRETT COUNTY COAL MINING COMPANY.

Wm. H. Gibson General Manager.

Dodscn Mine No. 5 is located at Dodson, on the northwestside of the Potomac River, and on the main line of the WesternMaryland Railroad. It is a drift opening working the Upper Kit-tanning coal seam and is developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by furnace, and is conducted to theworking faces by doors and stoppings. It is sometimes unsatis-factory. Drainage is diffi'uJt owirg to the level conditions of themine. The roof is good and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track in the interiorby mules, from where it is conveyed to the outside and over 3,000feet of tram road by three gasoline motors to the head of the plane.It is then lowered 900 feet and dumped into railroad cars in con-junction with the output from Mines 1 and 3.

Dodson Mines No. 1 and 3 are located at Dodson on the north-west side of the Potomac River, and on the main line of the West-ern Maryland Railroad. They are drift openings working the Low-er Kittanning coal seam, and are developed on the double-entrysystem.

Ventilation is produced by a 16-foot fan, driven by steam. Itis conducted to the working faces by doors and stoppings.

The roof is of the usual character which overlies the LowerKittanning seam, and therefore requires a great deal of timbering.

The coal is gathered and hauled to the side track in the interiorby mules; from there it is conveyed to the outside and over 3,000feet of tram road to the head of a plane by three gasoline motors.


It is then lowered 900 feet to the tipple, equipped with a 120-footpicking table and dumped into rairoad cars and shipped over theWestern Maryland Railroad.


POTOMAC VALLEY COAL COMPANY.

Otis Abernathy .Superintendent.Robert F. Pritts .JIine Foreman.

Peerless Mine is located one and one-half miles from Kitz-miller on the main line of the Western Maryland Railroad. Thereare two drift openings, working the Upper Freeport coal seam, andis developed on the double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a 12-foot fan, driven by natural gasengine and is found good.

Drainage is found in a satisfactory condition by means ofpumps and ditchess. The roof is good and the timber is welllooked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled to side tracks in the interiorby mules and ponies; from there it is conveyed to the outside andover 1,000 feet of tram road to the head of the plane by two gaso-line motors. It is then lowered to a bridge crossing the PotomacRiver and dumped into railroad cars.


Otis AbernathyJoseph A. Smith Mine Foreman.

Louise Mine is located on the west side of the Potomac Riverat Chaffee on a spur off the main line of the Western MarylandRailroad. It is a drift opening, working the Lower Kittanning orDavis six-foot coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by furnace and conducted to the work-ing faces by doors and stoppings, and is found in a satisfactorycondition. The roof is good antd the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is gathered and hauled by mules to the tipple, and isdumped into railroad cars and shipped over the Western Mary-land Railroad.


HAMILL COAL & COKE COMPANY.R. A. Smith ..Superintendent.W. D. Walker Mine Foreman.

Hamill Coal & Coke Co., Mines No. 1 and 2, are located onemile southwest of Kitzmiller, on the main line of the Western


Maryland Railroad. It consists of two drift openings, working theLower Kittanning or Davis six-foot coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by a 12-foot f an, driven by natural gasengine. It is conducted to the working faces by approved stop-pings and doors, and is found to be good throughout. The Drain-age is difficult, but is kept in a lawful condition by means of pumpsand ditches. The roof is very dangerous and requires a great dealof timbering in order to prevent falls of rock. The timberingis well looked after.

The coal is mined by pick and gathered and hauled to a sidetrack in the interior by mules; from there it is conveyed to theoutside by a gasoline motor and dumped into a large storage bin.From there it is loaded into two buckets and is conveyed by aerialtramway across the Potomac River and finally dumped into rail-road cars

During the year 1918 they employed 115 men, worked 240days and produced 112,000 tons of coal.

STANDARD COAL COMPANY.

R. L. Kight Superintendent.

Standard Coal Co. mine is located near Chaffee. It consists ofsix openings, working the Lower Kittanning or Clarion coal seams.

The ventilation is produced by natural means and is found tobe satisfactory. Drainage is by natural means and is found satis-factory. The roof is good and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is mined by pick and gathered and hauled to thedump by horses. It is then dumped into railroad cars and shippedover the Chaffee Branch of the Western Maryland Railroad.


HUBBARD COAL MINING COMPANY.

G. I. Shetting Superintendent.

Hubbard Coal Company is located on the main line of the West-ern Maryland Railroad. The mine is working the Lower Kittan-ning or Davis six-foot coal seam, and is developed on the double-en-try system.

Ventilation is produced at No. 1 Mine by a 10-foot fan, drivenby a six-ton Westinghouse electric motor. The air current is conducted to the working faces by doors and stoppings, and is foundgenerally good. Drainage is in a satisfactory condition by naturalmeans and ditches. The roof in No. 1 Mine is in a dangerous con-dition, and requires a great deal of timbering to keep it safe.


The coal is undercut by a C. K Sullivan short wall chain ma-chine and also by hand pick. It is gathered and hauled to a sidetrack in the interior by mules; from there it is conveyed to the out-side and over a tram road to the head of a plane by electnc motor.It is then lowered 900 feet to a dump which crosses the PotomacRiver, and finally dumped into railroad cars and shipped over theWestern Maryland Railroad.

CHAFFEE COAL COMPANY.Sheridan Stottlemeyer General Manager.

The Chaffee Coal Company is located at Vindex on a branchroad one and seven-eights of a mile from the main line of theWestern Maryland Railroad. It is a drift opening, working theLower Kittanning or Davis six-foot coal seam, and is developed onthe double-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a 12-foot fan, driven by steam. Itis conducted to the working faces and throughout the mine by ap-proved and lawful means. The drainage is by natural means andditches.

The roof is of the usual character overlying the Lower Kit-tanning seam, and is kept in good condition by proper timbering.

The coal is gathered and hauled to a side track in the interiorby mules; from there it is conveyed to the head of the plane by ropehaulage; it is then lowered 350 feet and duniped on a picking tablefrom where it is conveyed to the railroad cars.

During the year 1918 they produced 98,000 tons of coal.PATTISON & BRYDON COAL CO.

S. B. Brydon ... _ Superintendent.

Mine No. 7 is located near Bloomington, and is drift opening,working the Lower Kittanning coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by furnace and is conducted to theworking faces by brattices and doors. The air current is foundsatisfactory. Drainage is by natural means and is found in goodcondition. The roof is of the usual character overlying the Kit-tanning seam, and the timbering is carefully looked after.

The coal is mined by pick and is gathered and hauled from theinterior to the outside by mules. It is then conveyed over a longtram road to the tipple by a steam locomotive, dumped into rail-road cars and shipped over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

PATTISON COAL COMPANY.

Russell Pattison Superintendent.Thos. P. Swam Mine Foreman.

Pattison & Brydon No. 1 and 2 are located about one mile west


of Bloomington, Md., and on the main line of the Baltimore andOhio Railroad. They are drift openings, working the Bakerstownor Barton four-foot and the Upper Kittanning coal seam.

In Mine No. 1, working the Bakerstown seam, the ventilation isproduced by a steam-driven f an. It is conducted to the workingfaces by approved doors and brattices and found in a good condi-tion. The drainage is by natural means and ditches. The roof isof the usual character and the timbering is well looked after.

The coal is mined by pick and is gathered and hauled to theinterior by mules, and is conveyed over a tramway 1,400 feet longto the head of the plane. It is then lowered and dumped into rail-road cars.

In Mine No. 2, working the Kittanning seam, the ventilation isproduced by natural means, and is conducted to the working facesby means of brattices. The air current is satisfactory.

Drainage is by natural means and in good condition. The roofis good and the timbering is well looked after. The coal is gath-ered and hauled from the interior to the tipple, and is dumped intorailroad cars and shipped over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.


BLOOMINGTON COAL COMPANY.

S. B.

Mine No. 7 is located near Bloomington, and is a drift opening,working the Lower Kittanning coal seam.

Ventilation is produced by furnace, and is conducted to theworking faces by brattices and doors. The air current is foundsatisfactory. Drainage is by natural means, and is found in goodcondition. The roof is of the usual character overlying the Kit-tanning seam, and the timbering is carefully looked after.

The coal is mined by pick and is gathered and hauled from theinterior to the outside by mules. It is then conveyed over a longtram road to the tipple by a steam locomotive, dumped into rail-road cars and shipped over the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

J. M. KISNER FUEL MINES.

The Kisner Mine is located near Oakland, Md., and is a driftopening. During the year 1918 they produced 750 tons of coal.

OFFUTPS & SONS FUEL MINE.

The Offutt Mine is located at Oakland and is a drift opening.During the year 1918 they produced 300 tons of coal.

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PENDERGAST & ASHBY FUEL MINE.

The Pendergast & Ashby Mine is located at Ottaway, Md., andis a drift opening. During the year 1918 they produced 8,225 tonsof coal.

CLAY MINES.

UNION MINING COMPANY.S. J. Aldon.Joseph Finzle - Mine Foreman.

The Union Mining Company Fire Clay Mines are located aboutfour miles west of Mt. Savage, on the Savage Mountain. They aredrift openings working the clay seam, and are developed on thedouble-entry system.

Ventilation is produced by a six-foot fan, driven by a 15 h. p.motor. It is conducted to the working faces by doors and brattices.The air conditions are good. The drainage is by natural meansand ditches, and is in a fairly good condition. The roof is of theusual character, which overlies the clay seam, and requires a greatdeal of timbering to prevent accidents from falls of roof.

The clay is drilled by a Sullivan jack-hammer drill, blasted bydynamite, and is gathered and hauled from the interior to the out-side by mules; from there it is dumped into large cars and lowereddown to a plane one mile long to the tram road two miles long, andhauled by a small locomotive engine to the yards in Mt. Savage,where it is prepared for the market.

During the year 1918 they employed 87 men, worked 224 daysand produced 38,630 tons of clay.

THE BIG SAVAGE FIRE BRICK COMPANY.Clarence Raley Mine Foreman.

The Big Savage Fire Brick Mines are located on the Big Sav-age Mountain, about three miles northwest of Frostburg. Theyare drift openings, working the clay seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means and also by a head-ing driven through the Savage Mountain Fire Brick Miles to thismine. The air current is conducted to the working faces by ap-proved doors and brattices. Drainage is by natural means.

The roof is of the usual character overlying the Savage clayseam, and requires a great deal of timbering to keep it in a safecondition. The timbering is well looked after.

The clay is drilled by hand and is gathered in the interior andis hauled to the head of the plane by mules. It is then loweredand dumped into large cars, and conveyed down the mountain a dis-tance of two and one-half miles to the brick-yard and there pre-pared for the market.



SAVAGE MOUNTAIN FIRE BRICK COMPANY.

G. A. Schuckhart .Superintendent.Chas. Wolfe Mine Foreman.

The Savage Mountain Fire Brick Mine is located about threemiles northwest of Frostburg. It is a drift opening working thefire-clay seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means, by air holes beingdriven to the surface, also by heading being driven through to theBig Savage Fire Brick Mine.

Drainage is by natural means, and is very difficult. It is,however kept in good condition.

The roof is good and the timbering is well looked after.The clay is gathered in the interior and hauled to the surface

by mules. It is then conveyed over a long tram road, dumped intolarge motor trucks and wagons and is hauled to the yards in Frost-burg, where it is prepared for the market.

During the year 1918 they produced 12,617 tons of clay.

ANDREW RAMSAY COMPANY.

Andrew Ramsay - General Manager.

Maryland Mine is located two and one-half miles southwest ofEllerslie, and is a drift opening, working the clay seam.

Ventilation is produced by natural means and is found good.Drainage is by natural means and is a lawful condition. Theroof is of the usual character which overlies the clay seam. It re-quires a great deal of timbering to prevent accidents. The timber-ing is well looked after.

The clay is gathered and hauled from the interior by mules,and is conveyed to the yard, where it is prepared for the market.


FULL UTILIZATION OF COAL.The coal shortage which has caused much inconvenience and

great suffering during the past year, and which still threatens thecountry, is securing not only Government regulation; but also Gov-ernment attention to the supply, the use, the wastage and the pos-sible conservation of coal. A recent publication from the divisionof mineral technology of the National Museum of the SmithsonianInstitution furnishes interesting and valuable information on thissubject.

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During the year of 1917 the mines of the country produced640,000,000 tons of all kinds of coal. Of this 90,000,000 tons orone-seventh, was anthracite, that is, hard coal. The other six-sev-enths was mostly bituminous or soft coal, only a very small partof it being a lower grade, known as lignite or peat.

All coal is vegetable origin. Originally it was plants or treeswhich grew with tropical luxuriance in the warm, moist air of whatgeologists term the carboniferous—mearnng coal producing-era inthe earth's history. This era was long before man appeared uponthe earth, and during it nature provided and stored up these im-mense quantitties of fuel for his future use when the wood ofgrowing trees would no longer supply his needs.

Inasmuch as coal is derived from wood, it contains nothingthat was not already in the wood. In fact, it lacks some of theingredients, which were thrown off in the change from wood tocoal. The growing plant contains a large proportion of water—thesoft woods having more than the hard, and the seasoned less thanthe green. The next chief ingredient is carbon, which in a purestate appears in different forms charcoal, anthracite, graphite (usedin lead pencils), and the diamond. Other ingredients are oil, con-densed gases, acids and various chemicals. The variety of thesechemicals and of their combinations is indicated by the vast numberof products obtained from trees and plants. Not only the seeds andfruits, but the "sap" and fiber give evidence of the munificent pro-vision of nature. Sugar, vinegar, alcohol, pitch, turpentine, gums,rubber, carboon, dyestuffs and medicines are among the treasuresgathered in this great vegetable storehouse.

When wood is burned all these are consumed, passing off insmoke, or remaining in the "ash." Wood consumed by slow com-bustion, with the admission of but very little air, is transformedinto charcoal. In this process all the constitutents of the wood arelost except the carbon and the ash. The production of charcoal is,indeed, analogous to the processes of nature in the formation of thecoal beds.

First, by earthquakes and floods, the forests were overthrownand buried under clay and rocks and gravel. This occurred whilethe internal heat of the earth was much greater than it is at pres-ent; and so the vegetable mass was gradually charred and changedto coal. Where this process was longest continued under the great-est heat and pressure, all the gases, oils and chemicals were drivenoff, and only the pure carbon remained. This formed the anthra-cite, or hard coal. In the United States this anthracite is all with-in an area of about 500 square miles entirely in the State ofPennsylvania. The next grade of coal, where the heat and pressurehad not been so great, is called bituminous. It is found h thirtyStates, although three-fourth of it is in Pennsylvania, West Vir-ginia, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. This coal varies in quality, ac-


cording to the amount of the gases, oils and other substances thatremain in it. Some is much like the anthracite and is sometimescalled semi-bituminous. The difference is due simply in the dif-ference in amount of heat and pressure that was applied. It all,however, buns with a black smoke, a wastage of a valuable partof the coal.

Next comes the lignite and peat, which, having had much lessheat and pressure, are only partly charred, and still contain muchof the water originally in the wood. The lignite coals occur chieflyin the Dakotas, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, New Mex-ico,, Texas and Louisiana—geologically the youngest, as the Ap-palachians of Pennsylvania are the oldest, parts of the UnitedStates.

The amounts of these three kinds of coal still in the mines asestimated by geologists, are respectively: Anthracite, nineteen bil-lion tons; bituminous, fifteen hundred billion tons; lignite, twothousand billion tons.

At the rate of consumption in the year 1917, the anthracitewould last only 200 years, and the bituminous less than 3,000. Butthe consumption of coal will increase with the increase of popula-tion, and which is of equal importance, the cost of obtaining it willincrease in much larger proportions. The problem of mining andtransporting the fuel will become more and more difficult. Evennow anthracite coal is cut off from the West, and each locality isrestricted to the coal in its vicinity.

This brings up the question of the use of lignite and of thegreater utilization of the bituminous coal. These questions chem-ists and mineralogists are endeavoring to answer. The most per-fect clean burning and convenient form of coal is anthracite. Aswe have seen, nature prepared this from the original wood, takingit through the lignite and bituminous stages. Science has beenable to imitate nature hi this, as in many other respects. Ourchemists can take wood, lignite or bituminous coal and from itform pure anthracite. To a certain extent the process has beenmade practical in the case of charcoal and coke—the former is ob-tained directly from wood and the latter from bituminous coal.Both these products are valuable in the industries for making ironand steel—every ton of iron requiring, on the average, a ton ofcharcoal or a ton and a half of coke. The growing scarcity ofwood puts charcoal out of the question, and coke is too porous forpractical use as fuel. But the demand for it in making iron andsteel requires about one-sixth of the bituminous coal mined eachyear.

In the early years of making coke all the ingredients of the bitu-minous coal except the carbon were wasted, just as nature wastedthem in producing anthracite. Now, however, in most instancesthey are saved—and they constitute about two-thirds of the en-


tire money value of the produce. Thus, from a ton—2,000 pounds—of bituminous coal there could, according to prices in 1915, beobtained 1,500 pounds of coke, worth 5; 10,000 cubic feetof gas worth 9.00; 22 pounds of ammonium sulphate, 61.00; 2½gallons of benzol, 75 cents, and 9 gallons of tar, 24 cents—a total of$15.60—and the coal cost only $1.13, at the mine. If, instead ofthe porous coke, solid artificial anthracite is produced, every ton ofbituminous coal will yield 1,500 pounds of this desirable fuel inaddition to the 10,000 cubic feet of gas and other valuable sub-stances. This result has been actually accomplished on the smallscale, and chemists and metallurgists unite in the statement thatthere are no insuperable obstacles to extending it to all bituminouscoal used. The installation of the retorts and machinery would,doubtless, be expensive, but the operation would be profitable, forthe gas evolved would more than furnish the heat necessary for thetransformation, and the excess would be used for industrial anddomestic purposes. In fact, gas is a very clean, convenient and inevery way desirable fuel. Its extensive use in the natural gas re-gions prove this. The great drawback to its general use in homesand industries has been its cost. But, under the condition sug-gested, its universal production from bituminous coal it is believedit could be furnished at a very low rate.

For, it must be remembered that what are termed the by-products in the manufacture of coke or coal gas are valuable iftthemselves. In fact, some of them seem almost indispensable.Not only is the ammonium sulphate an important ingredient of com-mercia.1 fertilizers, but the pure ammonia obtained from it is es-sential in refrigerating or ice-manufacturing plants, and enterslargely into chemicals and explosives. The benzol contains the ter-rible explosive, toluol, which has been found indispensable in mak-ing the death-dealing bombs used in the present war. The fearfuldestruction wrought at Halifax and in the factory at Syracuse,N. Y., by the accidental explosion of trinitoloul is evidence of itsawful power. Besides benzol yields certain drugs and dyes, andcan be used as a substitute for gasoline. The coal-tar products arealso almost innumerable—medicines, solvents, aniline, dyes, oils,photographic developers and finally the residuum, which is used forroofing and road building. In fact, the valuable elements con-densed in bituminous coal seem almost incredible. The pity of it isthat when we burn it "raw," so to speak, not only do we waste alarge part of this value, but the waste becomes a nuisance in theshape of smoke and fumes and dirt. The full utilization of the coalby the methods suggested would not only have a great money value,but would conduce to cleanlness, comfort and health.

With wood, because of its scarcity, out of the question, the twoideal fuels from the standpoint of cleanliness and convenience areanthracite and gas. The former, at present, is restricted to the

U-


Atlantic States. Should its artificial production on a large scale befound practical, as there is every reason to believe there will be, itwould also be available in the entire bituminous region. But, eyenin that case, there would be a vast amount of gas available, for inproducing either anthracite or coke, 10,000 cubic feet of gas areevolved from every ton of bituminous coal.

Now gas as a fuel is both cleaner and more convenient thaneven anthracite. All it needs is the proper appliances for burningit. In stoves, ranges and open grates it is the ideal domestic fuelfor cooking, warmth and comfort—no dust, no dirt, no ashes; itcan be lighted instantly and regulated completely as to the amountof heat. If steam or hot-water heating or even hot air is desired,gas furnaces will heat the water or warm the air. Gas from thesame mains will light the humes and offices. In industrial plants,whether operated by steam or electricity, gas fuel has the same ad-vantages. With the furnaces properly constructed the heat is fur-nished steadily with self-regulation. No shoveling of coal oI ashesand no stoking of the furnace are required. Almost literally, thefireman simply "presses the button" and strikes a match, and thegas "does the rest." By means of the internal-combustion enginepower is obtained from gas directly without the intervention ofsteam, the gas being exploded alternately in each end of the piston.This is the engine used in gasoline-driven automobiles and air-planes, the gas being generated from the liquid as fast as it is used.

Three types of gas are obtained from coal; ordinary coal gas,distilled by heating bituminous coal in a retort, as in producingcoke or anthracite; carbureted water gas, obtained by treating cokeor anthracite with superheated steam, which completely dissolvesthe carbon, and producer gas, which results from treating bitu-minous or lignite coal with a mixture of air and steam. For light-ng purposes some of these gases are sometimes mixed with gasobtained from oil. Usually the producer gas is made from minewaste, or low-grade lignite coals. It can, morever, be employed insmaller installations known as suction plants, in which the gasproducer and gas engine are combined. It thus would be suitablefor villages and rural neighborhoods. Its use is already establishedin Europe, where the refuse of the mines is utilized. This gas isparticularly available in the lignite region. The United StatesBureau of Mines has demonstrated that one ton of air-dried lignitewill yield from 8,000 to 10,000 cubic feet of gas, 17 pounds of am-monium sulphate, 1 gallon of oil, 50 pounds of tar, and 1,200 poundsof anthracite or coke. As there are in the United States abouttwo thousand billions tons of lignite lying near the surface andhence easily mined, it will be seen that vast possibilities open be-fore the gas-fuel industry.

The Bureau of Mines has established beyond question that theproduction of gas for a general fuel, is not feasible, but will proveprofitable, even if the making of artificial anthracite on a large


scale were found impracticable. Gas can be transported throughmains for from 200 to 300 miles. So the chief producing plantsmight be located near the coal mines and thus help solve the trans-portation problem. All locomotives could be, as many are now,equipped electrical1t, the electricity to be generated either by waterpower or steam, from gas-heated boilers.

Thus the gas and anthracite method of using coal for heatingpurposes, if universally adopted, would not only save at least a bil-lion dollars a year now wasted, but would improve the health andcomfort of our people by banishing forever the drudgery, the dirt,the smoke and the noxious vapors that now make life miserable inmost of our cities. The scheme is not utopian. Science has provedthat it can be carried out, the only question remaining is a businessone of the best method of accomplishing the desired end.

For several years conditions in the coal industry have tendedtoward Government control. The war brought matters to a crisisand the control is now a fact. It is doubtful if it can ever be safelyrelinquished. More likely it will have to be extended to Govern-ment ownership. The heat and light of the entire nation, like thewater, light and street cars of the cities, is a public utility whichought not to be entrusted to private competition or exploitations.The Government could establish the plants for the conversion of thecrude coal into gas and anthracite, at such points as would be mostadvantageous, and could provide for the distribution of the gas tohomes and manufactories by means that would insure a constant'supply at reasonable standard prices, so that consumers wouldknow on what to depend. The chief gas systems could reach alltown dwellers, while the anthracite and the producer-gas installa-tions would supply the rural homes.

By this means the "Full Utilization of Coal" would be realizedthroughout the Nation. Never again would there be a fuel famine;cleanliness, health and comfort would be everywhere promoted;billions of dollars now wasted would be saved, and all the peoplewould share in the benefits—a consummation devoutly to be wished.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIRING SOFT COAL—COMBUSTIONOF COAL.

It will be necessary first of all to give some of the chemicalchanges that take place when coal is being consumed so as to layan intelligent foundation for what follows.

Combustion of coal is a chemical process, in which the com-bustible substance unites with the oxygen of the atmospheric air.The combustible part of coal consists mainly of carbon nd hydro-gen. Air is a mixture of gases, the two most important beingnitrogen and oxygen. Only the oxygen, which forms about a fifthpart of the volume of any given quantity of air takes part in thecombustion; the nitrogen is inactive. Carbon and hydrogen are


not destroyed by burning, but are merely changed. The carbonform carbon dioxide (or black damp), and the hydrogen formswater vapor, which, like carbon dioxide, is a colorless and invisiblegas. The weight of carbon in the carbon dioxide formed byburning coal is exactly equal to the weight of carbon in the coalburned; also, the weight of hydrogen in the water vapor is exactlyequal to the weight of the hydrogen in the coal. The fact that car-bon dioxide and hydrogen are invisible has made people think thatcombustion is complete destruction.

The coal and wood disappear as they burn and the resultinggases, the invisable products of combustion, pass away unnoticed.

When carbon burns completely, 12 pounds of carbon uniteswith 32 pounds of oxygen to form 44 pounds of carbon dioxide.Wheii hydrogen burns completely 2 pounds of hydrogen combinewith 16 pounds of oxygen to form 18 pounds of water vapor. Asthe oxygen of the air is mixed with four times its weight of nitro-gen (5 pounds of air containing only 1 pound of oxygen), to burnpounds of carbon completely, requires 5 times 32, or 160 poundsof air. Similarly, to burn 2 pounds of hydrogen takes five timessixteen or 80 pounds of air. In reality for the complete combus-tion of carbon and hydrogen in coal it is necessary to supply some-what more air than the above figures show. When a pound of car-bon combines with oxygen and is completely burned to carbon diox-ide the amount of heat produced is 14,500 heat units, called Britishthermal units (b. t. u.), but if there is not enough air supplied thecarbon bums to carbon monoxide (or white damp), and the amountof heat generated is only 4,500 heat units per pound of carbon, or atotal loss of exactly 10,000 heat units.

These figures will show conclusively the paramount importanceof a sufficient supply of fresh air at all times so as to produce com-plete combustion. For any substance to burn two things are neces-sary: (1) the substance must be in contact with free oxygen, (2)while thus in contact the substance must be at least as hot as itsignition temperature. When a charge of fresh bituminous coal isspread over the fuel bed in a furnace, the coal is heated to about2,400 degrees F. in from two to five minutes. This heating dis-tills from the coal the combustible matter which the coal contains,and continues whether sufficient air is supplied or not; but to burnvolatile matter completely air must be intimately mixed with itand the mixture kept above the ignition temperature, which isabout 1,200 degrees F., or a dark red. The residue left after thedistillation is ended is what is known as fixed carbon. It is mostlyin the form of coke and is the chief constituent of the fuel bed.This coke burns completely, or partly, as it comes in contact withthe air supplied through the bars of the grate. The more rapidflythe air is supplied the faster the coke burns, therefore, Copy


FIRING SOFT COAL.

When bituminous coal is burned the best results are obtainedif the fires are kept level and rather thin. The best thickness ofthe fires has been found to be from 5 to 10 inches, depending on thecharacter of the coal used and the strength of the draft. The coalshould be fired in small quantities and at short intervals. In firingendeavor to place the coal over any thin spots that may be in thefuel bed, as the rate of combustion is much faster in these placesthan in places wher the flow of air through the fuel bed is less. Thecause of these thin places in different parts of the fuel bed may bethe difference in the size of the coal, the fusing of the coal to ahard crust, or the accumulation of clinker on the grates. Withsmall and frequent firings the fuel supply is at all times more near-ly in proportion to the air supply, so that better and more completecombustion is thus obtained, and at the same time considerablefuel is saved.

If the coal that is being used has a tendency to fuse and forma crust at the surface of the fuel bed, this must be broken up andthe coke thus formed leveled over the fuel bed. This is often theresult when slag or large quantities of small coal is used ,and moreskill is required in such cases to get the proper mixture of air forcomplete combustion. Where slag or small coal is used in largequantities a much stronger draft is required.

CLINKERING.

Anything that causes the ash in the coal to be heated to itsfusion temperature causes clinker, and any coal will form clinkerif the ash in it is so heated. The exact effect of each constituenton the melting point of ash is not yet definitely known, but it iscertain that the nature of the atmosphere in which the ash isheated has a marked effect on the melting point.

For instance, if the ash be heated in an oxidizing atmosphere(an atmosphere that supplies oxygen), its melting point is higherthan if the ash is heated in a reducing atmosphere (an atmospherethat removes oxygen), such as hydrogen or carbon monoxide. Thedifference between the melting point in an oxidizing atmosphere,and a reducing one is for some coals over 140 degrees C. or 261 de-grees F. The ash of some coals is so fusible that it is difficult toburn it without heating it to its fusion temperature. However,with most of the coals mined in the United States this can beavoided by proper firing and care of the fire.

The most common cause of clinker are thick fire, excessivestirring of the fires, too much slag in the coal, burning coal in theash pit, and the preheating of the air admitted under the grates.

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REMEDIES FOR CLINKERING.

To prevent trouble from clinker the first and most importantstep should be to find if possible which of the above mentionedcauses are responsible for the formation of it, then it will be a mucheasier matter to avoid or remove the cause.

The following general suggestions are given for the preventionof clinker troubles from ordinary causes:

Use thin fires and keep the fuel bed level by placing the freshcoal in the thin spots in the fire.

Avoid disturbing the fuel bed more than is absolutely neces-sary with the rake or poker.

Fire in small charges, thus reducing the formation of a cruston the surface of the fuel bed.

Be specially careful to use small charges if the coal containsmuch slag.

Avoid burning coal in the ash pit.Keep the ash pit doors open at all times; regulate the draft

with a damper.If possible keep water in the ash pit at all times.If not possible use any steam (either exhaust or live steam)

that may be available, introducing it under the grates.If the above rules are carefully observed, and carried out, there

will be very little trouble from clinker with coal of average qualityunder ordinary circumstances.

ACCIDENTS FROM USING POWDER AND BLASTING.

In looking over a list of accidents that occur in the mines, itstrikes me very forcibly that accidents that are occasioned by pow-der and blasts show a large percentage of fatalities that could easilybe avoided if ordinary care and judgment were used.

It is a common occurrence in the mines to hear of men beingkilled or seriously hurt by a misfire, premature or delayed blast,the latter two being the largest factors that produce accidentsfrom the use of powders.

But these are not the on'y causes that produce accidents of thisclass. Some are due to the misuse of powders, some are at-tributable to careless handling of powders by persons who know ofthe danger, who, for some unaccountable reason or contempt of thedangerous possibilities of the explosives, fail to exercise care andjudgment while handling powder to perform their daily work. Or-dinary care and judgment are essential for the well-being of themen who handle powder if they desire to continue to enjoy goodhealth.

The men who are careless are not ignorant of the potential pos-sibilities of black powder or high explosives, as they can see theeffects and realize the amount of pressure and force that is neces-


sary to bring down and break up the coal, and blast the largeamount of rock that is blown up in the mines every day. They are,therefore, more conversant with practical experience in the hana-ling of powder and high explosives than any class of workmen inthe various industries, with the possible exception of powder millemployes.

However, some of them handle powder and explosives with theutmost indifference, and very reckless disregard for danger, not-withstanding their knowledge to the contrary that too much carecannot be taken while handling so fickle a servant, and one thatalways demands the most strict attention from the user.

Some men who have a hearty respect for powder as presentedto them from the business end of a firearm, or that which would becontained in a bomb or a hand grenade, think nothing of cutting asquib short, or walking up to a box containing powder or ex-plosives with a lighted lamp on their head or smoking a pipe, orthe same man, who rather than wait a minute, will walk up to thelace of his place, without flinching, to see if a squib has missed andnever think to draw a comparison between a charge of powder in abore hole and a charge in the barrels of a gun.

A delay of a minute has many times caused an accident fromblasts; man5r a man has lost his life because he delayed a minute ingetting out of the way of a. blast, having failed to give the squib thefull length of the match. On the other hand, many accidents havebeen caused because the man failed to wait a minute for the blastto explode after reaching a place of safety; he has started to walkback to the face to investigate the delay and has been caught withthe full charge and killed. So you can see it is possible to get itboth ways, coming and going, while using explosive, and all for thesmall fraction of time equal to 60 seconds.

The miner should think before cutting that squib, think be-fore taking that chance and walking back to the face to see if thathole has missed. Ask yourself this question: "Is it worth while ?"If I win I gain or lose one minute, if I lose I am a dead one, or pos-sibly blinded for life. No, that game is not worth the candle andyou lose from both ends. Of what use is one minute on one sideand death or possibly worse on the other? There is no middlecourse as I see it. The only thing to do is to play the game safe.

Then again we see the man who will attempt to fire more thanone hole at a time. Does he know the danger? Yes, but from hisactions he does not seem to realize it; to count his chances againstdisaster where, for the sake of a few minutes time at the most, hewill run his chances of being shot and if not killed will possibly becrippled for life. It would take but a very little while longer tofire one hole at a time and be a whole lot safer.

But the careless man says: "I have fired more than one hole ata time for years and have never been hurt." That may be so, buthe will probably do it once too often if he persists. And if he does


succeed in this dangerous practice, I would ask him: What do yougain? Is a few minutes time gained, worth a lifetime of regret ifyou fail and are caught with a blast and crippled?

Under this head might be mentioned accidents due to minersfiring several holes at a time by the use of fuse, after tamping theholes and igniting the fuses which are cut at different lengths tocause the series of holes to be fired in rotation. Some of these menafter reaching a place of safety, do not pay special attention to thenumber of reports of the shots as they explode, but keep on talkingand depend on the reverberation of the shots attracting their at-tention. Many accidents have occured in this manner.

It is possible that the flying coal from one blast may cut thefuse on another and this blast failed to explode. The miner is thenin a quandary as he does not know whether or not a hole has missedand it is not safe to go and see.

Or a miner in a place near by may fire a hole about that timeand the chances are that a miner who was firing several holesmay make a mistake and count it as one of his blasts, and thinkingthat all had gone off safely start to walk back to the face and becaught by the flying coal from a blast that in some manner hadfailed to go off at the time the miner thought it would.

We also find accidents do to the careless handling of powderand carelessness in keeping and storing it. a miner leaves his boxopen and possibly some boy goes to the miner's box for oil andignites the powder and gets burned. Or possibly the miner is for-getful and gets hurt in the same manner. We know that it is notdone willfully, but it is surely the height of folly to leave powderboxes open and unprotected. The men who make the powder andare supposed to know all about it dont take these chances. Itonly goes to show how simple an accident can happen and howeasily it could be prevented by the exercise of a little thought.

Or another prolific source of accidents from explosives, theminer may have caps or detonators in his box and some one getshold of them and attempts to see what they are made of. He usual-ly finds that fulminate of mercury is a substance that is not to bepried into too closely.

The miner himself sometimes comes to grief through a tooclose acquaintance with this same explosive, instead of using theproper crimper to crimp the cap on the fuse, he sometimes useshis molars to crunch the cap into place. If he makes a slight errorin the exact place where the pressure is to be applied to crimp thecap, he is liable to part with some very valuable teeth and possiblyhis jaw or head in a very great hurry.

It is known that sometimes miners have been injured by car-rying caps in their squib boxes and the caps have exploded whilethe miner has been carrying them in his pocket in the squib boxwhile performing his usual work, and has been severely injured by


coming in contact with some rock or bumping against the gob andcausing them to explode. Or a man has been severely injured bybumping a squib box containing caps against a rail to get the capsout after they had become jammed by the box being somewhatflattened.

As to the misuse of powder, particularly high explosives intamping and firing; we have all heard of accidents from explosionsof powder due to improper tamping practices. A cartridge of blackpowder becomes jammed in a bore hole, and the miner takes a drillsomtimes and attempts to pound it back with disastrous results.

Or in tamping high explosives he uses the scraper or a jumper.I have known of men who loaded a hole in the coal with dynamite,and then inserted the needle and tarnped the hole with a drill in thesame manner that black powder is tamped, and after tamping ittight clear to the mouth of the bore-hole, to have withdrawn theneedle and placed a cap in which a squib has been inserted in theneedle hole, light the squib and have fired the shot in that manner.The force of the squib pushed the cap back until it hit the powderand exploded the charge. Just imagine the danger of tampingthat dynamite with a steel drill! It makes one shudder to thinkof the disastrous possibilities of such a dangerous practice.

Take again the method of handling and transporting powders.I have seen men come from the powder house in the morning witha box of dynamite on their shoulders, and on reaching the head ofthe shaft where possibly 150 men were waiting their turn to de-scend into the mines, take the box of powder off their shouldersand deliberately let it drop into an empty car that was set asideon the head of the shaft as a powder car. Can you imagine thescene if that powder had exploded hundreds of times with a gooddeai less provocation.

Just picture to yourself the possible destruction due to an ex-plosion of 25 pounds of dynamite, when if it were possible to exertthe explosive force of one pound of dynamite all in an upward direc-tion, it would lift a weight of 13,000 pounds one foot high, or 25pounds would lift a weight of 167.5 tons one foot high, or would beequal to 325,000 foot pounds

In the year 1916, in the Ninth Anthracite District, there were2,975,617 pounds of black powder and high explosives used. Al-lowing 1½ pounds of powder to a hole, there were fired 1,983,744blasts, to produce 2,904,891 tons of coal, or it took on an average1.025 pounds of powder to produce one ton of coal.

OF THE MINING INSPECTOR - Maryland State...

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