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Semi‐Plenary Session on Post 2015/SDGsGoal Setting and Implementation for the Post 2015 Development 

Agenda Asian Perspectives on linking sustainable development andAgenda: Asian Perspectives on linking sustainable development and the Post MDGs

Design of SDGs/Post MDGs and its implementationDesign of SDGs/Post MDGs and its implementation‐‐ Input from Asia and role of ODA Input from Asia and role of ODA ‐‐

Masayuki KarasawaExecutive Advisor to the Director General

Head of office for Global Issues and Development Partnership Operations Strategy Department.

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Center eradication of poverty in the goals

Accelerate and maintain efforts for the MDGs focusing

Broadly accepted opinions under on‐going discussions on the Post‐2015 framework

Accelerate and maintain efforts for the MDGs focusing 

on the goals and targets with delayed progress

Need attention for inclusiveness and reduce inequality 

Include emerging new global agendas

Converge the Post‐MDGs and the SDGs  with the Post‐2015 framework

Simple, measurable, time bound goals & targets 

Universal goals setting which allows locally diverse approaches

Transparent and participatory process for designing 

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② J ’ A h f HS E h i

Human Security, a human‐centerd concept  is  JICA’s guiding principle for implementing the MDGs projects and continue to be the same for the Post‐2015 facing emerging global threats

・ 1990s: Human Security came to be mainstreamed due to emerging global threats

① J ’ P ti H ② Japan’s Approach for HS : Emphasis on the Legitimacy and Role of the State

① Japan’s Perspective on Human Security and Practical Approach

“Human Security”The safeguarding of people’s freedom  from fear and want. Fear and want are closely correlated, and sudden shocks place people at greater downside risks.

STATEProtection （Top‐down Approach）

Freedo

Freedom

Conflicts and

Terrorism

Disasters and 

Environmental

Degradation

Poverty

MalnutritionIn 

practice

Community/People

Empowerment （Bottom‐up Approach）

om fro

m Fe

ar

m fro

m W

ant

Degradation

Infectious

Diseases

Economic

Crises

Lack of

Social Services

Underdevelopment

of Basic 

Infrastructure

Achieving

Human Security

Cooperation that: 1. Ensures seamless and mid to long‐termengagement to free people from fear and want 

2. Addresses the needs of  the socially vulnerable3. Establishes sustainable mechanisms to protectand empower people 

4. Addresses global risks both globally and regionally

p

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What we have to do for the MDGs goals with delayed progress?

Three key questions 

progress?

What is emerging priority issues for contribution from Asia?

What are roles of  ODA to tackle Post‐2015 agendas 

effectively?

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Progress of the MDGs

developing countries, weighted by population Source : World Bank GMR 2012

What we have to do for goals with delayed progress?

Evaluate the progress carefully and identify causes of lag in the approaches, and revise the goals/targets setting and the approaches if necessaryapproaches, if necessary.

Need to see local context, comprehensive back ground of  the problems and the priorities to prevent a silo approach for specific sectors 

Involve broad stakeholders from up‐stream (policy planning) to down stream (service delivery) and apply the best mix of

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to down‐stream (service delivery) and apply the best mix of resources and approaches for the solution

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Correlation Matrix across the MDGs indicators

MDG Indicators

PovertyEmployment

Education

GenderU5 Mortality

Maternal mortality

HIVMalaria

Forest  water  ODA Mobile

free tariffs 

Poverty 1

Employment ‐0.04 1

Education ‐0.09 0.68 1

Gender 0.13 0.14 0.35 1

U5 mortality 0.56 ‐0.56 ‐0.73 ‐0.36 1

Maternal mortality

0.63 ‐0.62 ‐0.74 ‐0.19 0.94 1

HIV 0.44 ‐0.47 0.00 0.23 0.28 0.32 1

Malaria 0.51 ‐0.44 ‐0.68 ‐0.17 0.60 0.78 ‐0.0062 1

Forest 0.10 0.92 0.59 0.40 ‐0.54 ‐0.52 ‐0.41 ‐0.257 1

Water ‐0.41 0.44 0.82 0.27 ‐0.81 ‐0.89 0.07 ‐0.86 0.34 1

ODA 0.38 ‐0.47 ‐0.82 ‐0.38 0.85 0.87 ‐0.17 0.80 ‐0.41 ‐0.95 1

Mobile 0.14 ‐0.01 0.32 0.37 ‐0.10 ‐0.10 0.74 ‐0.42 ‐0.04 0.37 ‐0.47 1

Free Tariffs 0.32 ‐0.36 ‐0.26 ‐0.05 0.68 0.64 0.38 0.16 ‐0.39 ‐0.46 0.46 0.35 1

All low/middle income countries, by absolute level 7

Target 1: Improve sector policy planning and develop human

resource Ministry of Health

Apex Hospital Apex Hospital Apex Hospital

Referral Health System

Program Image of comprehensive support to improve Vietnam health system and broaden quality service coverage

Three apex hospitals and

related research institutes

Provincial hospitals

T t 3

Goal:Improve health system

and services

in Vietnam

p pin North (Hanoi)

p pin Central

(Fue)

p pin South

(Ho Chi Minh)

Provincial level

District level

Ministryof Health

Outcome 2

Outcome 2

Pilot provincial hospitals

2015

Target 3:Improve facilities focusing on apex and key provincial

hospitals

Target 2: Improve health system in provincial level

through diffusion of pilot models

District level

Commune level

1998 PresentStart with support to the apex hospitals in North and South Utilizing asset of human development in the apex hospitals,

develop human resources in provincial level and strengthen referral system Improving sector policy planning including insurance scheme Further diffusion of outcome of pilot modes to all areas

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What is emerging  priority issues for contribution from Asia?

Pay attention to significant global issues/risks which may reverse the fruits of on‐going development efforts including those through the MDGsthose through the MDGs 

Choose issues/risks which Asian countries have been struggling to  solve and it’s effort can contribute to global achievement significantly  (Asian countries will be major beneficiary from our and global effort.)

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Choose issues/risks which Asian countries have relative advantage for knowledge and resources to tackle 

Global Risk Landscape

Source: Global Risk  2013 Eight Edition, World Economic Forum (2013)

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Trend of Economic Losses from Natural Disasters

350,000,000 

400,000,000 

'000 US$(current) Economic Losses from Natural Disasters

y = 3E+06e0.0964x

R² = 0.7957

100 000 000

150,000,000 

200,000,000 

250,000,000 

300,000,000 

0 

50,000,000 

100,000,000 

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Economic Losses from Natural Disasters 指数 (Economic Losses from Natural Disasters)

Source: Prepared by JICA, based on data from CRED 11

Regional distribution of natural disasters by originRegional distribution by type of natural disasters 

1991 ‐ 2005

Source: ISDR, CRED12

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Assets and Population exposed to hydro meteorological disasters with climate change(Source: OECD Environment working Paper  No. 1 (2008) : Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes)

Assets exposed to sea‐level rise, storm surge and subsidence by country 

(Total $US 35,000bil.)

Population exposed to sea‐level rise, storm surge and subsidence by country

(Total 147 million people.)

Top 10 countries by assets exposed today and in the 2070s.

Top 15 countries by population exposed today and in the 2070s.

1980, Storm

Cases of  Disaster Trap   

1980, Storm

Cumulative net capital formation (NCF) from 1970 to 2006, in millions of constant 2000 US$, with (red lines) and without (blue lines) the effect of economic losses in disasters. (Source: GAR 2009, UNISDR)

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Regional CO2 emissions and energy demand in cities

Regional trend in urbanizationEstimates on world energy demand in cities by fuel (in Mtoe : million ton of oil equivalent) 

Source: World Energy Outlook 2008

PM10 Concentrations for major cities: Baseline, 2010‐2050

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What is roles of  ODA to tackle Post‐2015 agendas?

Catalyze private resources for sustainable development 

Support our partner countries to tackle global agendas in areas with their weak capacities (institution, budget, and voice・・・）

Share knowledge through mutual learning and joint solution discovery (no ready made solution, result oriented and use of 

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y ( y ,global and regional framework)

Additional Investment requirement  in green growth

Closing the climate finance gap with public‐private investment

Source: Green Investment Report , World Economic Forum (2013)

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Policy Action Sectors Main Responsible MinistriesMOIT

MARDMOT, MOC, MOIT2) Transportation and Construction

3) Forestry and AgricultureMitigation

Pillars1) Energy (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency)

Comprehensive Program support in climate change response Target Sectors and Responsible Ministries

10 Ministries and agencies 35 Depts all together !

ClimateChangerelated

strategies, policies, etc.

MOCRelated ministries

4) Waste Disposal5) CDM

6) Water

8) Disaster Prevention9) Forestry, Biodiversity and Agriculture

11) Health Care

7) Integrated Coastal Management

10) Transportation and Construction

MOC etcMARD etcMARDMARD, BCA etcMOT, MOCMOH

12) Assessment, Monitoring & Evaluation MOST

Adaptation MONRE

To build up overall capacity for climate change actions in cross sectors in the Government of Vietnam

All policy dialogues are open and transparent for all concerned stakeholders

) , g13) Financial Mechanism

15) Awareness Raising and Human Resource Development

MOF, MPI

MPI

MOET

Cross-Cutting

14) Mainstreaming CC issues to development planning and Program Management of NTP-RCC and SP-RCC

Better Hospital Service ProgramA case for triangular knowledge sharing with regional approach

Better Hospital Service 

JapanKnowledge facilitator 

Sri LankaPivotal / Knowledge source

15 African countriesKnowledge seekers 

5S5S ‐‐ KAIZEN(CQI)KAIZEN(CQI) ‐‐ TQMTQM

pthrough 

Managementchange

Before 5S After 5S

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5S 5S ‐‐ KAIZEN(CQI) KAIZEN(CQI) ‐‐ TQMTQM A hybrid step‐wise management change 

approach  Original roots in Japan Developed and tested in Sri Lanka Jointly refined by Sri Lankan + Japanese 

specialists (try and error process) Being localized in African countries (‐do‐) 

Before 5S After 5S

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●Project Term;2011.6-2016.6

●Project Purpose

●Project Term;2011.6-2016.6

●Project Purpose

Methodology to create Low Carbon Society(LCS) scenarios is developed and applied inMalaysia, and the research findings are

Malaysia  “SATRESP; Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development””‐‐Project for Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions‐

Malaysia  “SATRESP; Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development””‐‐Project for Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions‐

IRDA declared its commitment to  implement Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Region 2025 (LCS Blueprint) 

The Blueprint has outlined 12‐point execution plan to lower Iskandar Malaysian’s carbon intensity emissions by 50 % once it reaches maturity in 2025.

Project 

●Output●Output

Malaysia, and the research findings aredisseminated to Asian countries.

1. Methodology to create LCD scenarios which isappropriate for Malaysia is developed.2. LCS scenarios are created and utilized forpolicy development in Iskandar Malaysia(IM).3. Co‐benefit of LCS policies on air pollution andon recycling‐based society is quantified in IM.4. Organizational arrangement of UTM toconduct trainings on LCS scenarios for Malaysiaand Asian countries is prepared, which willcontribute to establish East Asia knowledge

Originate & share policy oriented research skills and outputs 

Digest & translate research outputs and best practice into policy  proposals

Train & assist policy makers to create and implement strategies

East Asia Knowledge  Platform for Low Carbon Growth

y

●Implementation Agencies●Implementation Agencies

contribute to establish East Asia knowledgeplatform for Low Carbon Growth as one of focalpoints in the region.

[Malaysian Side] Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Iskandar Regional Development Authority (IRDA), Federal Development of Town and Country Planning Malaysia (JPBD), Malaysian Green Technology Corporation (MGTC). [Japanese Side] Kyoto University, Okayama University, National Institute for Environmental Studies

Knowledge Platform for Effective Knowledge SharingKnowledge Platform for Effective Knowledge Sharing

Networks of Research Institutes MalaysiaVietnam

Low Carbon Asia Research Network （LoCARNet）

[Example] 

/Think‐tanks/Universities 

Networks of

Networks of Government (Policy Makers) 

Malaysia

Asia Development Forum

ASEAN University Network / Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development 

Network

City NetNetworks of Local Governments/Private sectors/CSOs(Executing agencies for service delivery ) 

ODA Projects bridging between researchers(up‐stream knowledge) and executing agencies (service delivery) 

Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network 

(ADRRN )

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Summery of the presentation1. Key questions

①What we have to do for the MDGs goals with delayed progress?

②What is emerging priority issues for contribution from Asia?

③What are roles of  ODA to tackle Post‐2015 agendas  effectively?

2 Answer for 1 ①

3.  Answers for 1. ②①

2. Answer for 1. ①① Evaluate the progress carefully and identify causes of lag in the approaches, 

and revise the goals/targets setting and the approaches, if necessary.② Need to see local context, comprehensive back ground of  the problems 

and the priorities to prevent a silo approach for specific sectors ③ Involve broad stakeholders from up‐stream (policy planning) to down‐stream

(service delivery) and apply the best mix of resources and approaches for the solution

① Pay attention to significant global issues/risks which may reverse the fruits of on‐going development efforts including those through the MDGs 

② Choose issues/risks which Asian countries have been struggling to  solve and it’s effort can contribute to global achievement significantly  (Asian countries will be major beneficiary from our and global effort.)

③ Choose issues/risks which Asian countries have relative advantage for knowledge and resources to tackle 

4．Answers for 1.③① Catalyze private resources for sustainable development ② Support our partner countries to tackle global agendas in areas 

with their weak capacities (institution, budget, and voice・・・）③ Share knowledge through mutual learning and joint solution discovery

Summery of the presentation

Thank you for your kind attention. 

For your questions, please contact with

M ki K (K M ki@ji j )

③ Share knowledge through mutual learning and joint solution discovery (no ready made solution, result oriented and use of global and regional framework)

Masayuki Karasawa (Karasawa.Masayuki@jica.go.jp)Executive Advisor to the Director GeneralHead of office for Global Issues and Development Partnership Operations Strategy Department.Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)