주파수응답을이용한해석법...

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주파수 응답을 이용한 해석 법 Continuous-Time

Transcript of 주파수응답을이용한해석법...

Page 1: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

주파수 응답을 이용한 해석 법Continuous-Time

Page 2: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

주파수 응답의 정의

( ) ( )( )

Y s G sU s

= ( ) sinu t A tω=

( )( ) ( )1 2

( )( )n

b sG ss p s p s p

=− − −

2 2( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) AY s G s U s G ss

ωω

= =+

*0 01 2

1 2

( ) n

n

Y ss p s p s p s j s j

α α αα αω ω

= + + + + +− − − + −

1 2 *1 2 0 0( ) np tp t p t j t j t

ny t e e e e eω ωα α α α α−= + + + + +

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주파수 응답의 정의

*0 0( ) j t j ty t e eω ωα α−= +

( )0 2 2

( )

( ) ( )2

( )2

s j

j G j

A AG s s j G js j

A G j ej

ω

ω

ωα ω ωω

ω

=−

− ∠

= + = − −+

= −

( )*0 2 2

( )

( ) ( )2

( )2

s j

j G j

A AG s s j G js j

A G j ej

ω

ω

ωα ω ωω

ω

=

= − =+

=

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주파수 응답의 정의

( ) ( )

( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )2 2

( )2 2

( ) sin ( )

j G j j t j G j j t

j t G j j t G j

A Ay t G j e e G j e ej j

e eA G jj j

A G j t G j

ω ω ω ω

ω ω ω ω

ω ω

ω

ω ω ω

− ∠ − ∠

− +∠ +∠

= − +

⎛ ⎞= − +⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠= +∠

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간단한 전기회로의 주파수 응답

dy u yCdt R

−=

( ) 1( )( ) 1

Y s G sU s RCs

= =+

( )2

1 1( )1 1

G jjRC RC

ωω ω

= =+ +

( )11( ) tan1

G j RCjRC

ω ωω

−⎛ ⎞∠ = ∠ = −⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠

Page 6: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

간단한 전기회로의 주파수 응답

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간단한 전기회로의 주파수 응답1f Hz=

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간단한 전기회로의 주파수 응답

3f Hz=

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주파수 응답과 극점의 관계

( ) ( )

2

22 2

1( )2 / 2 / 1

n

n n n n

G ss s s s

ωζω ω ω ζ ω

= =+ + + +

( ) ( )2

( )

1/ 2 / 1n n

G s

s sω ζ ω=

+ +

Page 10: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

표준형 2차 시스템의 극점

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표준형 2차 시스템의 ( )G s

0.3ζ = 0.5ζ =

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표준형 2차 시스템의 ( )G s

0.7ζ = 0.9ζ =

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보드 선도

10( ) 20log ( )dB

G j G jω ω=

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보드 선도

( )( )( )( )

1 2

1 2

( ) m

s z s zG s K

s s p s p− −

=− −

( )( )( ) ( )( )

1 2

1 2

( ) ( ) ms j

j z j zG j G s K

j j p j pω

ω ωω

ω ω ω=

− −= =

− −

( )( )( ) ( )( )0

1 2

1 1( )

1 1a b

m

j jG j K

j j jωτ ωτ

ωω ωτ ωτ

+ +=

+ +

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보드 선도

( )( )( ) ( )( )

( )

( )

10 10 01 2

10 0

1 2

10 0 10 10

10 10 1 10 2

1 1( ) 20log ( ) 20log

1 1

1 120log

1 1

20log 20log 1 20log 1

20log 20log 1 20log 1

a bmdB

a bm

a b

m

j jG j G j K

j j j

j jK

j j j

K j j

j j j

ωτ ωτω ω

ω ωτ ωτ

ωτ ωτ

ω ωτ ωτ

ωτ ωτ

ω ωτ ωτ

+ += =

+ +

+ +=

+ +

= + + + + +

− − + − + −

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보드 선도

( )( )( ) ( )( )

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )

01 2

0

1 2

1 1( )

1 1

1 1

1 1

a bm

a b

m

j jG j K

j j j

K j j

j j j

ωτ ωτω

ω ωτ ωτ

ωτ ωτ

ω ωτ ωτ

⎛ ⎞+ +∠ = ∠⎜ ⎟

⎜ ⎟+ +⎝ ⎠= ∠ +∠ + +∠ + +

−∠ −∠ + −∠ + −

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전달 함수의 기본 항

0mK s

( ) ( )1 ,1/ 1s sτ τ+ +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2 2/ 2 / 1 ,1/ / 2 / 1n n n ns s s sω ζ ω ω ζ ω⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤+ + + +⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

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0mK s

( ) ( )10 0 10 0 10

10 0 10

20 log 20log 20log

20log 20 log

m mK j K j

K m

ω ω

ω

= +

= +

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• 위상

0mK s

( )( ) ( )( )

0 0

0 0 90

m mK j K j

K m j K m

ω ω

ω

∠ = ∠ +∠

= ∠ + ∠ = ∠ + × °

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( )1sτ +

10 10

10 10

1 20log 1 20log 1 0 1/1 20log 1 20log 1/

dB

dB

j jj jωτ ωτ ω τωτ ωτ ωτ ω τ

+ = + ≈ =+ = + ≈

( )210 101 20log 1 20log 1

dBj jωτ ωτ ωτ+ = + = +

Page 21: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

( )1sτ +

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( )1sτ +

( )( ) ( )( ) ( )

1 1 0 1/1 1 45 1/1 90 1/

jj jj j

ωτ ω τωτ ω τωτ ωτ ω τ

∠ + ≈ ∠ = °∠ + = ∠ + = ° =∠ + ≈ ∠ = °

Page 23: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

( )1sτ +

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( )1/ 1sτ +

10 10

10 10

1 20log 1 20log 1 0 1/1

1 20log 1 20log 1/1

dB

dB

jj

jj

ωτ ω τωτ

ωτ ωτ ω τωτ

= − + ≈ − =+

= − + ≈ −+

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( )1/ 1sτ +

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( )1/ 1sτ +

( )

( )

1 1 0 1/1

1 1 45 1/1

1 90 1/1

j

jj

jj

ω τωτ

ω τωτ

ωτ ω τωτ

⎛ ⎞∠ ≈ −∠ = °⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

∠ = −∠ + = − ° =⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

∠ ≈ −∠ = − °⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠

Page 27: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

( )1/ 1sτ +

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예제 6-1

( )1000( )

10G s

s s=

+ ( ) ( )1000 100( )

10 0.1 1s j

G js s j j

ω

ωω ω

=

= =+ +

10

10

10020log

20log 100 20log

40 20log

jωω

ω

= −

= −

Page 29: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 6-1

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예제 6-1

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예제 6-2

( )( )( )

1000 1( )

10 100s

G ss s

+=

+ +

( )( ) ( )

( )( )( )

1000 1 1( )

10 /10 1 100 /100 1 0.1 1 0.01 1s j

s jG j

s s j jω

ωω

ω ω=

+ += =

+ + + +

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예제 6-2

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예제 6-2

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예제 6-2

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예제 6-2

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( ) ( )21/ / 2 / 1n ns sω ζ ω⎡ ⎤+ +⎣ ⎦

( ) ( )

( ) ( )( )

102

2102

1 20log 1 0/ 2 / 1

1 20log // 2 / 1

nn n dB

n nn n dB

j j

j j

ω ωω ω ς ω ω

ω ω ω ωω ω ς ω ω

≈ − =+ +

≈ −+ +

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( ) ( )21/ / 2 / 1n ns sω ζ ω⎡ ⎤+ +⎣ ⎦

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( ) ( )21/ / 2 / 1n ns sω ζ ω⎡ ⎤+ +⎣ ⎦

( ) ( )21 1

2/ 2 / 1n

n nj jω ω

ζω ω ζ ω ω=

=+ +

120log 20log 22

ζζ= −

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( ) ( )21/ / 2 / 1n ns sω ζ ω⎡ ⎤+ +⎣ ⎦

( ) ( )

( ) ( )( )

( ) ( )( )

2

2

2 22

1 1 0/ 2 / 1

1 2 90/ 2 / 1

1 / 180/ 2 / 1

nn n

nn n

n nn n

j j

jj j

j j

ω ωω ω ς ω ω

ς ω ωω ω ς ω ω

ω ω ω ωω ω ς ω ω

⎛ ⎞∠ ≈ −∠ = °⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+ +⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

∠ = −∠ = − ° =⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+ +⎝ ⎠⎛ ⎞

∠ ≈ −∠ − = − °⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟+ +⎝ ⎠

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( ) ( )21/ / 2 / 1n ns sω ζ ω⎡ ⎤+ +⎣ ⎦

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( ) ( )21/ / 2 / 1n ns sω ζ ω⎡ ⎤+ +⎣ ⎦

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예제 6-3

( )2

10000( )2 100

G ss s s

=+ +

( )

( ) ( )( )

2

2

100( )/100 2 /100 1

100/10 0.2 /10 1

s j

G js s s

j j j

ω

ω

ω ω ω

=

=+ +

=+ +

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예제 6-3

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예제 6-3

10 10120log 20log 5 14

2dB

ζ= =

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예제 6-3

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안정도 여유

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안정도 여유

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안정도 여유

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안정도 여유

• 이득 여유

• 위상 여유

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안정도 여유

• 이득 여유

• 위상 여유

180 180

10 10 180 180

10180 180

0 ( ) ( )

20 log 1 20log ( ) ( )120log

( ) ( )

dBGM dB G j H j

G j H j

G j H j

ω ω

ω ω

ω ω

= −

= −

=

( )180 ( ) ( )c cPM G j H jω ω= °−∠

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안정도 여유

• 이득 여유

• 위상 여유

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안정도 여유

( )2( 1)( ) ( )0.1 1

sG s H ss s

+=

180 180

10 180 180 10

10 180 180

( ) ( ) 0

20log ( ) ( ) 20log 1

20log ( ) ( )

dBGM G j H j dB

G j H j

G j H j

ω ω

ω ω

ω ω

= −

= −

=

Page 53: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

주파수 영역에서의 제어기 설계Continuous-Time

Page 54: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

제어 시스템의 구조

Page 55: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

제어기 설계 과정

• 제어 시스템의 요구 사항 설정

• 센서와 구동기의 선정

• 제어 대상의 모델링

• 제어기의 설계

• 제어 시스템의 시뮬레이션

• 제어 시스템의 실험

Page 56: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

PD 제어기의 설계

( )( ) 1 dD s K T s= +

Page 57: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-1

1( )( 1)

G ss s

=+

0lim

( 1)v s

KK s Ks s→

= =+

1 1ss

v

eK K

= =

( ) 100(1 0.1 )D s s= +

Page 58: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-1

Page 59: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-1

Page 60: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

진상 제어기의 설계

1( )1

TsD s KTsα+

=+

Page 61: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

진상 제어기의 설계

( ) ( )1 11 tan tan1

jT T Tj T

ωφ ω α ωα ω

− −⎛ ⎞+= ∠ = −⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠

10 max 10 101 1 1log log log2 T T

ωα

⎛ ⎞= +⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

max1

α=

1 1max

1tan tanφ αα

− −= −

max1tan2

αφα

−= max

1sin1

αφα

−=

+max

max

1 sin1 sin

φαφ

−=

+

Page 62: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

진상 제어기의 설계

10 max max 10120log ( ) ( ) 0.5 20logKG j H jω ωα

= − ×

max

1Tω α

=

Page 63: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-2

( )100.5 20log 1/ 9dBα× =

max

1 1 0.1716.7 0.13

Tω α

= = =

1 0.17 1( ) 1001 0.13(0.17 ) 1

Ts sD s KTs sα+ +

= =+ +

max 50φ = ° 0.13α =

Page 64: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-2

Page 65: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-2

Page 66: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-31( )

( 1)( / 5 1)G s

s s s=

+ +

0lim

( 1)( / 5 1)v s

KK s Ks s s→

= =+ +

1 1ss

v

eK K

= =

max 55φ = ° 0.1α = ( )100.5 20log 1/ 10dBα× =

max

1 1 0.674.73 0.1

Tω α

= = =

1 0.67 1( ) 101 0.1(0.67 ) 1

Ts sD s KTs sα+ +

= =+ +

Page 67: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-3

Page 68: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-3

Page 69: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-3

max 32φ = ° 0.3α =

( )100.5 20log 1/ 5.2dBα× =

max

1 1 0.276.75 0.3

Tω α

= = =

0.67 1 0.27 1( ) 100.1(0.67 ) 1 0.3(0.27 ) 1

s sD ss s+ +

= ⋅+ +

Page 70: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

PI 제어기의 설계

1( ) 1i

D s KT s

⎛ ⎞= +⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠

Page 71: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-4

1( )( 1)( / 5 1)

G ss s

=+ +

0.6( ) 10 1D ss

⎛ ⎞= +⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

3( ) 10 1D ss

⎛ ⎞= +⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

Page 72: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-4

Page 73: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-4

Page 74: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

지상 제어기의 설계

1( )1

TsD s KTsα+

=+

( ) ( )1 11 tan tan1

jT T Tj T

ωφ ω α ωα ω

− −⎛ ⎞+= ∠ = −⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠

Page 75: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

지상 제어기의 설계

10 1020 log ( ) ( ) 20lognew newc cKG j H jω ω α=

110

newc

=

Page 76: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-5

1( )( 1)( / 5 1)

G ss s

=+ +

1018.8 20log α=

( )18.8/ 2010 8.7α = =

10 10 1.56.75new

c

= = =

1.5 1( ) 1008.7(1.5 ) 1

sD ss+

=+

Page 77: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-5

Page 78: 주파수응답을이용한해석법 Continuous-Timeccrs.hanyang.ac.kr/webpage_limdj/digitalcontrol/lecture6.pdf · 2019-12-02 · Microsoft PowerPoint - lecture6.ppt Author: limdj

예제 7-5