OEM Design-in guide - Future Electronics LIGHTING/929000497903.pdf · 3.6.1 Photometric diagrams 7...

OEM Design-in guideFortimo LED LLM (linear light module system) – Version 1.0

•FortimoLEDLLM1100&1800in3000&4000K

2 Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System

Contents1. Introduction of the Fortimo LED LLM system 3

1.1 Features and benefits 3

1.2 Applications 3

2. LEDs, the heart of the Fortimo LED LLM 4

2.1 What is a LED? 4

2.2 LED packaging 4

2.3 Binning 5

2.4 LUXEON Rebel LEDs 5

2.5 Fortimo addresses the issue of binning 5

2.6 Color consistency (SDCM) 5

2.7 Miniaturization 5

3.FortimoLEDLLMsystem 6

3.1 The Fortimo LED LLM system components 6

3.2 Nomenclature 6

3.3 Fortimo LED Linear portfolio 6

3.4 Dimensions of the Fortimo LED LLM system 7

3.5 Fixation (mechanical) 7

3.6 Lighting performance characteristics 7

3.6.1 Photometric diagrams 7

3.6.2 Spectral power distribution Fortimo LED LLM 8

3.6.3 UV and other hazards 8

3.6.4 Photobiological safety aspects 8

3.6.5 Measurements on the Fortimo LED LLM 9

3.7 Starting characteristics 9

3.8 Luminous flux during start period 9

3.9 Dimming function of driver 9

3.10 Electromagnetic compatibility 9

3.11 Exposure to direct sunlight 10

3.12 Vibration and shocks 10

3.13 Standards and approvals 10

3.14 IP codes, dust and moisture protection 10

3.15 About the Fortimo LED LLM module 10

3.16 About the Fortimo LED LLM driver 10

3.17 About the Fortimo LED LLM cable 11

3.18 Fortimo LED LLM System disposal 11

4.Systemperformancespecifications 11

5. Designing a luminaire 12

5.1 UL recommendations 12

5.2 Electrostatic device (ESD) measures 12

5.3 Wiring 12

5.4 Optical design (Secondary optics) 12

5.5 Thermal management 12

5.5.1 Test requirements 12

5.5.2 Temperature range 12

5.5.3 Critical temperature points (Tc) 13

5.5.4 Operation under built-in conditions 13

5.5.5 Heat sink design 13

5.5.6 Heat sink material 14

5.5.7 Thermal radiation and emission coefficient 14

5.5.8 Surface area 14

5.5.9 Thermal design 15

5.5.10 Calculation of thermal resistance 15

5.5.11 Thermal management 15

5.5.12 Calculating your heat sink 15

5.6 Recommendations 15

5.6.1 Thermal interface 15

3Design-in guide Fortimo LED LLM System

1. Introduction of the Fortimo LED LLM systemThank you for choosing the Fortimo LED LLM system.

This guide tells you all about this system. If you require any further

information or support please contact your sales representative or

visit www.philips.com/fortimo.

Rapidimprovementsinhigh-powerLEDtechnologymeanthatLEDscannowbe

usedforthefirsttimeincommonlightingapplications,providingimprovements

overtraditionallightingsystems.Incontrasttotraditionallamps,OEMshave

additionaldesignelementstoconsiderwhenusingLEDs.Forexample,howto

designaroundatechnologythatiseverevolving;howtoprovidethenecessary

heatsinkingrequiredfortheapplication,andhowtomanagevariationsinfluxand/

or color. The Fortimo LED LLM system is designed for integration into luminaires.

Thistechnicalapplicationguideaddressestherelevantissuestosupportand

facilitatetheworkofspecifiersandlightingsystemdesigners.

TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemcanbeusedforindoorluminaires,andincertain

outdoorapplicationsaswellaslongasthiscreatesnodesignconflictswiththe

systemanditmeetslocalstandards.Pleaseconsultusifyouwishtodeviatefrom

thedesignrulesasdescribedinthisapplicationguide.Intheapplicationguideyou

willalsofindreferencestoheatsinkingandreflectormanufactures.

Fortimo LED LLM driver

Fortimo LED LLM module

1.1 Features and benefits

Features Benefits

LinearshapedLEDmodule Easilycreatesuniformandretangularlightpatterns

Fortimotechnologyapplied(RemotePhosphorFilmlayer) Highlyefficient,energy-savinglightsource(>64lm/Watsystemlevel)

OffersthelatestinPhilipsLEDtechnology,ensuringperformanceandproductavailability ReducedLEDsupplychaincomplexityforOEMS

No mercury Environmentalfriendly

Long lifetime (50,000 hours) Reliablesystemperformance

Future-proof/easyreplacement Upgradeable

1.2 Applications

•Generallighting

•Ambientlighting

•Wallwashing


2. LEDs, the heart of the Fortimo LED LLM2.1 What is a LED?

LEDsaresolid-statedevices,builtupfromcrystallinelayersofsemiconductor

material.Thelightgenerationprocessmakesuseofthespecialelectronic

propertiesofcrystallinesemiconductorsinaprocesscalledinjectionluminescence.

Inbrief,thismeanstheinjectionofchargedparticlesbyanelectricfieldfromone

semiconductorlayerintoanother,wheretheyareabletorelaxtoalower-energy

statebyemittingvisiblelight.LEDsproducenarrowlightspectra.Thebandwidth

remainslimitedtoafewtensofnanometers,andarethereforeperceivedby

thehumaneyeasasingle,deeplysaturatedcolor.LEDsarenowavailableinall

wavelengthregionsofthevisiblespectrum;yellowistheonlyregioninwhichno

high-powerLEDiscurrentlyavailable.Whitelightcanbeproducedbycombining

LEDsofdifferentcolors(forinstancered,greenandblue),orbyapplyingphosphor

coatingsonblueorultravioletLEDs.Likemanyotherlamps,LEDscannotbe

connecteddirectlytothemains.TheLEDshavetobeoperatedatastabilized

lowvoltage,whichisprovidedbydriverelectronics.However,LEDsdonotneed

ignitionandcanbeswitchedwithinmilliseconds.LEDsdonotgeneratenearlyas

muchheatasmanyotherlamps,butthatdoesnotmeanthatthermaldesignisnot

important.LEDsdoproduceheatwhentheyoperate,andarethemselvesrelatively

sensitivetotemperature.Thermalconsiderationsarethereforeveryimportant

aspectsofLEDlightingsystemdesign.

2.2 LED packaging

ThebareLEDdieisstillaverysensitiveandfragiledevicethatmustbehandledin

acleanroomenvironment.Beforebringingthemoutside,theymustbepackaged.

ThelightfluxofconventionalLEDs,forexample,thoseusedasindicatorlights

onTVsets,isseverelylimitedbytheamountofheatgenerated.Inpractice,

conventionalLEDpackagesarelimitedtoabout0.15Watmost,andemitonly

afewlumens.Theirlightistooweaktobeusedforilluminationpurposes,and

theycanonlybeusedforluminanceapplications(i.e.whenthelightsourceis

intendedtobevieweddirectly).Abreakthroughcamewithanewpackagedesign

inventedbyPhilipsLumileds,whichguidesawaytheheatgeneratedatthediode

junctionmuchmoreefficiently.LEDsbasedonthispackagearesoldunderthe

trademarkLuxeon.Insteadofanepoxycap,thechipisencapsulatedinasilicone

gelcoveredbyapolymerlens.Usingtwodifferentmaterialsforencapsulationand

fortheprimaryopticsallowsbetteroptimizationofmaterialpropertiesforheat

managementandlifetime.Theslugisalargemetalbodythattakesuptheheatfrom

thechipandprovidesalow-thermal-resistanceroutetotheoutsideworld.This

packagedesignnowmakeshigh-powerLEDsfeasible.

2.3 Binning

ThesubjectofbinningshouldbeexplainedbecauseofitsimportanceinLED

systemdesign.Asinothersemiconductormanufacturingprocesses,inLED

productionthenumberofparametersoftheepitaxyprocessisverylargeand

theprocesswindowsmall(forexample,thetemperaturemustbecontrolledto

within0.5°C(<1°F)acrossthewaferattemperaturesof~800°C(1470°F).The

difficultyofachievingsuchahighdegreeofcontrolmeansthatthepropertiesof

theLEDsmayvarysignificantlywithinsingleproductionrunsandevenonthe

samewafer.Toobtainconsistencyforagivenapplication,binning(=selectionin

bins)ismandatory.BinninginvolvescharacterizationoftheLEDsbymeasurement

LUXEON Rebel LED

Cutoff section LED

SiliconeLens

CeramicSubstrate

TVS

Cathode

LEDChip

BondLayer

Metal Interconnect Layer

Thermal Pad(electrically isolated)


Color consistency (SDCM)

0,3700,350

0,450

0,380 0,390 0,400 0,410 0,420 0,430CIE x

CIE

y

0,440 0,450 0,460 0,470

BBL3000K4000K7 SDCM off BBL 3000K7 SDCM off BBL 4000K5 SDCM off BBL 3000K5 SDCM off BBL 4000Kmeasurements high fluxLL_NW_binsLL_WW_bind

andsubsequentlycategorizingthemintoseveralspecificbins.Tokeepthecostper

LEDdown,LEDmanufacturersmustsellthefullproductiondistribution.Atthe

sametimetheycannotguaranteetheavailabilityofallbinsatalltimes.Thereisa

trade-offbetweenlogisticsandcostpriceontheonehand,andtheapplication

requirementsontheother.Settingthespecificationtootightlywillincreasethe

costpriceandmayleadtologisticsproblems.Systemdesignshouldthereforetry

tocombineLEDsfromdifferentbinsintelligentlytoobtaintherequiredsystem

performanceatareasonablepriceandwithreasonabledeliveryreliability.

2.4 LUXEON Rebel LEDs

LUXEONRebelisthesmallestsurfacemountablepowerLEDavailabletoday.With

theindustry’sbestlumensperpackage,highestlightdensity(lumenspermm2), and

thehighestpackingdensity,LUXEONRebelisidealforbothspaceconstrainedand

conventionalsolidlightingapplications.Duetothesmallmountingsurfacewehave

beenabletousemultipleLUXEONRebelwithintheFortimoproductsinorderto

matchrequiredhighlumenpackages.

2.5 Fortimo addresses the issue of binning

High-qualityLEDlightisachievedbymixingthelightofblueLEDsandapplyinga

specialFortimophosphortechnologyremotefromtheLEDs.High-qualitywhite

lightforoutdoorapplicationsischaracterizedbyacolorrenderingofminimal70,

popularCCTsingenerallightingapplicationsof3000Kand4000Kandacolor

consistencycomparablewithconventionalPLLandHIDsolutions(fiveto

sevenSDCM).

2.6 Color consistency (SDCM)

ThetargetspecificationofFortimoLEDLLMsystemsforcolorconsistencyis

5SDCMat0-hoursand7SDCMat10Khrs.Thisisasimilarspecificationasfor

conventionalPLLlamps.SDCMstandsforStandardDeviationofColorMatching

andthevalue5referstothesizeofanellipsearoundtheblackbodylocus.

Stayingwithinthisellipseresultsinaconsistencyoflightthatensuresthatfrom

oneluminairetoanothernodifferencecanbenoticed.

Inthevisualwehaveplotted>150FortimoLEDLLMsystemsandyoucansee

theyallfitwithinthe5SDCMellipse.Thisreallydemonstratestheuniquequalityof

theremotephosphorconcept.Wealsoplottedtheseresultsinatypicalbin

distributionsheetofPhilipsLumileds.Asyoucansee,alloftheFortimoLEDLLM

system’sshownfitwithin1bin.Typicallyyoucanbuy6to12binscombinations,

notsopreciseasthe1-binresultofFortimoLEDLLMsystems.

2.7 Miniaturization

LEDsaretypicallymuchsmallerthanconventionallightsources.Lightingdesigners

andspecifiersimmediatelyrecognizedthefactthatLEDsallowdramatically

differentlightingdesignsthatcapitalizeonthesetiny,unobtrusivelightsources.This

isunderstandable,butcaremustalsobetakentodealwiththeheatproducedby

powerLEDs.Properheatmanagementplaceslimitsonminiaturization.


TheFortimoLEDLLMportfoliooffersacompleterangeoflinearlightingsolutions.

Itisprimarilydesignedforluminairesforindooruse,butcanalsobeusedin

certainoutdoorapplications.Furtherextensionsoftheportfoliowillbeinhigh

lumenpackagesandprogrammabledimmingfeatures.Futureproductswillmake

useofthecurrentformfactortobuildfurtheronthefuture-proofpromiseof

FortimoLEDLLMsystems.Asthesystemisfuture-proof,itwillbepossibleto

replaceandupgradethesystemwithoutmodifyingtheluminaire.

3.1 The Fortimo LED LLM system components

•FortimoLEDlinearlightmodule

•FortimoLEDLLMdriver

•FortimoLEDLLMcable(50cm)

3.2 Nomenclature

3.3 Fortimo LED linear portfolio

Fortimo LED LLM System

3. Fortimo LED LLM system

Philips Fortimo LED LLM1800

28W/730 120-277V

Philips Brandname

Fortimo Familytype

LED LED system

LLM Fortimotypediscriptor

1800 Lightoutput

28W Energyconsumptionsystem

730 CRI+CCT

120-277V Voltage range

Philips Fortimo LED LLM System

(driver, module and cable)Part Number

3000K

Fortimo LED LLM US 1800 23W/830 929000497903


4000K



Driver

Fortimo LED driver (DLM, LLM, SLM 1100/1800/2000) 913701213402

Cable

Fortimo LED LLM cable 50 cm without fan 442240069731


A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 F2 F3 F4 G1

9.05"(230.0) 1.77"(45.0) 1.65"(42.0) 8.44"(214.5) 0.18"(4.5) 4.55"(116.6) 1.18"(30.0) 3.00"(76.4) 4.20"(106.7) 2.0"(50.8)

3.4 Dimensions of Fortimo LED LLM system

3.5 Fixation (mechanical)

Theseparatecomponents(DriverandModule)oftheFortimoLEDLLMsystem

canbesecurelyfastenedbythemountingholeslocatedonthemoduleanddriver.

Pleaserefertodimensionaldrawingforthespecificdetailssuchapitchanddiameter.

The3DCADfileswillbeavailablefordownloadingfromwww.philips.com/fortimo.

Forfixationofthesystem,weadvisetousehexagonsocketheadcapscrewM4

(DIN912/ISO4762)withcylindricalheadsM4(DIN7980)ofStainlesssteelA2

(DIN1.4301/AISI304).

3.6 Lighting performance characteristics

3.6.1Photometricdiagrams

Dimensions in inches (mm).

Fortimo LED LLM module Fortimo LED LLM driver

4.20" (106.7)

3.00" (76.4)

4.55" (116.6)

-BS-LD

1.18" (30.0)

FF4

F2

F3G

Batwing light distributionPolar diagrams Fortimo LED LLM


3.6.2SpectralpowerdistributionFortimoLEDLLM

3.6.3UVandotherhazards

PETvalue>100hrs./Klux(zeroUV)

Damagefactor0.08at4100K

IR(infrared)radiation.AswellasbeingfreeofUVradiation,theLEDmodulesare

alsofreeofinfraredradiationinthebeam.

3.6.4Photobiologicalsafetyaspects

AsofMarch2007,LEDsandLED-basedproductsforgenerallightingarenolonger

includedinthescopeoftheEyeSafetystandardforlasers,IEC60825-1Safety of

laser products. Thenewlampstandard,IEC62471Photobiological safety of lamps and

lamp systems, coveringincoherentlightsources,isnowapplicable.Thisinternational

standardgivesguidanceforevaluatingthephotobiologicalsafetyoflampsandlamp

systemsincludingluminaires.Specifically,itspecifiestheexposurelimits,reference

measurementtechniqueandclassificationschemefortheevaluationandcontrol

ofphotobiologicalhazardsfromallelectricallypoweredincoherentbroadband

sourcesofopticalradiation,includingLEDs,butexcludinglasers,inthewavelength

rangefrom200nmthrough3000nm.Inthephotobiologicalsafetystandard,hazard

categoriesaredefinedasfollows:

Radiance-based:

•Bluelight LB 300–700 nm

•Retinalthermal LR 380–1400 nm

•Retinalthermalweakstimulus LIR 780–1400 nm

Irradiance-based:

•ActinicUVskin&eye ES 200–400 nm

•EyeUVA EUVA 315–400 nm

•Bluelightsmallsources EB 300–700 nm

•EyeIR EIR 780–3000 nm

SpecialPowerDistributionFortimoLEDLLM3000K

Wavelength (nm)

SpecialPowerDistributionFortimoLEDLLM4000K

Wavelength (nm)

8007006005004003000

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,035

0,04

8007006005004003000

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,03

0,035


3.6.5MeasurementsontheFortimoLEDLLM

Thefollowingshouldbetakenintoaccount:

TheeffectiveradiancemeasurementforBlueLight(LB)modulesis‘Low’,meaning

thattheLEDmodulesarecategorizedinRiskGroup1.Forthe1800lumen

version,thepermittedexposuretimeforBlueLightradiance(relevantwhen

lookingintothesource)islimitedto1.5hours,whileforthe1100lumenversion

itis3hours.BecauseoftheLawofConservationofRadiance,integratingtheLED

module into a luminaire results in either the same radiance or a reduced radiance.

Final assessment of the luminaire is recommended.

•Themeasuredirradiance-basedvalues(E)forthecategorizedhazardsareall

withintheexemptgroup(both1100and1800lumenversions).

•Ingeneralthepermittedexposuretimeforirradianceislimitedwheninthelow,

moderateorhighriskgroup.Limitingtheexposuretimeand/orthedistanceto

thesourcecanreducethehazardlevel.However,forthemeasuredLEDmodules

therearenospecialprecautionsnecessarysincetheyarerankedintheexempt

group.Finalassessmentoftheluminaire(includinge.g.secondaryoptics)is

recommended.

!PhotobiologicalsafetyisnotassurediftheFortimoLEDmoduleis

litupwithoutthecover.DirectexposuretotheblueLEDlightis

dangerous for the eyes.

3.7 Starting characteristics

Thesystemcanbeswitchedoninmilliseconds,whichisageneralcharacteristicof

LEDs.Itisplannedtohaveaprogrammableoutdoordriver,makingitpossibleto

switchinmillisecondstoanydimminglevelforanylengthoftime.

3.8 Luminous flux during start period

Incontrasttootherlightsources,LEDscanbeswitchedonatfullpower(orat

anyotherdimmedlevel)instantaneously.TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemrequiresan

initialburning-intimeof100hourstoreachthelistedspecificationsbecauseofthe

combinationoftheLEDsandtheremotephosphorusedinthemodules.

3.9 Dimming function of driver

The dimming characteristics of the Fortimo LED LLM makes use of a so called

amplitude(AM)dimmingprotocol.MostLEDsystemsusePWM(pulsewidth

modulation),whichmeansthatthecurrentisswitchedon/offathighfrequency.

Whendimmingthetimebetweentheonandoffswitchingincreases.AMdimming

reducesthecurrentthroughtheLEDstoachievelowerlightlevelsandanother

advantageisthatthereisno:

•Noaudiblenoiseduringdimming.

•Novisualinterferencewithotherlightingorvideosources.

3.10 Electromagnetic compatibility

Electromagneticcompatibility,EMC,istheabilityofadeviceorsystemtooperate

satisfactorilyinitselectromagneticenvironmentwithoutcausingunacceptable

interferenceinpracticalsituations.ThissystemmeetsFCCClassArequirements

in a reference luminare.

Hazard Category Emission Limit

LB Low(RiskGroup1)

LR Exempt

LIR Exempt

ES Exempt

EUVA Exempt

EB Exempt

EIR Exempt

Emission limit

Note: Exempt = no risk

20.000 100 200 300 400

I_LED[mA]

Eff

ic. [L

m/W

]

500 600 700 800

Fortimo AM Dimmingwith heatsink

At low dimming levels the driver lossesbecome relatively dominant, but the efficiencybenefit is still very large

Fortimo PWM Dimmingwith heatsink

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

55.00

60.00

100% lightlevel

LED

Cur

rent

50% lightlevel

AM Dimming

LED

Cur

rent

50% lightlevel

PWM Dimming

LED

Cur

rent

More then 30% efficiencyincrease during dimming

Measured with passive cooling, 2000Lm, 4000KSystem efficiency(module+driver)


3.11 Exposure to direct sunlight

Exposuretodirectsunlightduringoperationmayhaveseveretemperature

orUVeffects.Wherethissituationislikely,extensivetemperaturetestingis

recommended.TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemsarebuild-insystems,sothisis

expectedtobenegligible.

3.12 Vibration and shocks

Shockresistance:50gat6mssemi-sinusoidal.

Vibrationresistance:Sweep50-150Hz,onehouratresonancefrequency

(all3axes)withoutfailure.

3.13 Standards and approvals

FortimoLEDLLMsystemscomplywiththefollowingrulesandregulations:

•ULrecognized

•CSA

3.14 IP codes, dust and moisture protection

TheFortimoLEDLLMmodulesanddriversarebuild-insystemsandhave

thereforenoIPclassification.TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemisnotdesigned

foroperationinfreeair.TheOEMisresponsibleforproperIPclassification

andapprobationoftheluminaire.TheFortimoLEDLLMSystemisalsodamp

location rated.

3.15 About the Fortimo LED LLM module

TheFortimoLEDLLMmoduleconsistsbasicallyoffourmaincomponents:

•PCBwithLEDs

•Mixingchamber

•Heatsink

•Diffuserwithremotephosphortechnology

High-quality,whitelightwithhighefficienciesisachievedwithaplainPCBwith

LEDsandaremotephosphorfilmlayer.Themixingchamberensuresperfectly

mixedlight,resultinginuniformcolorsandgoodcolorconsistency.Theheatsink

facilitatesoptimalheattransferandhelpsluminairemanufacturerstodesigntheir

ownheatsinksystem.Theheatsinkisequippedwithaholeoneithersideofthe

moduleforfixing.Thefunctionofthediffuseristoshapethelightoutput,resulting

inabatwingdistrubution.Theluminairemanufacturerhasthefreedomtodesign

itsownsecondaryoptics.TheoveralldimensionsoftheFortimoLEDLLMmodule,

i.e.thecombinationofheatsinkandmixingchamber,isoptimizedforlumen

packagesvaryingfrom1100lumento4500lumen.

3.16 About the Fortimo LED LLM driver

ThehighlyefficientFortimoLEDLLMdriverisspeciallydesignedtooperatethe

FortimoLEDLLMmodule.Itisdesignedtooperatehigh-powerLEDs.

•Maximumcurrentsettingsof700mA •Class2andisolatedoutput

•Maximum56Venablesclassification •0-10VDimmable

ofthesystemasaULClass2powersupply •Connectorized

•Highefficiency:85%atfullload •Smallsize

•Tcaselife=75°C

Exploded view Fortimo LED LLM (module)

Fortimo LED driver


3.17 About the Fortimo LED LLM cable

ForconnectingaFortimoLEDLLMdrivertoaFortimoLEDLLMmodulea

specificcablehasbeendeveloped.ThestandardFortimoLEDLLMcableis500mm.

JST connector:

HousingJSTXAP-05V-1

ContactJSTSXA-001T-P0.6

Cable:

5xWire24AWGULstyle1569(green,blue,red,yellow,black)

Heatshrinktube

Pin 5: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Grey = Signal ground

Pin 4: Wirre 24 AWG UL style 1569 Blue = LED module setting

Pin 3: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Red = NTC (thermal control)

Pin 2: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Yellow = Power ground

Pin 1: Wire 24 AWG UL style 1569 Black = Current (power utput)

3.18 Fortimo LED LLM system disposal

Attheendoftheirlifetime,appropriatedisposaloftheFortimoLEDLLMsystem

oritscomponentsisrecommended.Themodulesarebasicallynormalpiecesof

electronicequipmentcontainingcomponentsthatatpresentarenotconsidered

tobeharmfultotheenvironment,andcanbedisposedofwithnormalcare.Itis

thereforerecommendedtodisposeofthesepartsasnormalelectronicwaste,

according to local regulations.

Fortimo LED LLM Cable

4. System performance specifications

Philips Fortimo LED LLM System (module, driver and cable)

Module 12NC

Driver 12NC Cable 12NC

Vin (V)

P (W)

Iin(mA) @120V pf

THD (%) Flux

Color Temp.

Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom

Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/830 929000498103 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 26.5 220 >0.9 <20 1800 4000K

Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/730 929000497903 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 28 230 >0.9 <20 1800 3000K

Fortimo LED LLM US 1100/740 929000498203 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 16 135 >0.9 <20 1100 4000K

Fortimo LED LLM US 1100/330 929000498003 913701213402 442240069731 120-277V 18.5 155 >0.9 <20 1100 3000K

Philips Fortimo LED LLM System (module, driver and cable)

CRIEff.

(lm/W)B50L70 @ TC 55C

of ModuleB50L70 @ TC 65C

of Module Tamb (°C) Tcase Module (°C) Tcase Driver (°C)

Nom Nom Nom Nom Nom Typ Max Typ Max

Fortimo LED LLM US 1800/830 75 71 50K hrs 35K hrs (-20) to 35 55 65 75 85




Fortimo LED LLM Cable


5.1 UL recommendations

ThegeneralrecommendationsforluminairedesignbyULandthenationalsafety

regulationsarealsoapplicabletoFortimoLEDLLMsystems.Theluminaire

manufacturerisadvisedtoconformtolocalstandardsofluminairedesign.

5.2 Electrostatic device (ESD) measures

TheFortimoLEDLLMsystemsdonotrequirespecialESDmeasuresina

productionenvironment.

5.3 Wiring

Thestickeronthepowersupplyshowstheconnectionslayoutfortheconnection

tomains.Thesystemshouldnotbeservicedwhenmainsvoltageisconnected;this

includesconnectingordisconnectingtheFortimoLEDLLMcable.Useonlysolid

18AWGwire,UL1452style.

5.4 Optical design (secondary optics)

TheFortimoLEDLLMmodulegeneratesabatwingbeamshape,whichisa

pragmaticstartingpointforsecondaryopticdesignbyOEMs.Secondaryopticsare

notpartoftheFortimoLEDLLMsystemofferingasthisisanaddedvaluearea

forOEMs.AcomplementaryreflectorbusinessaroundtheFortimoLEDLLMis

beingdevelopingbyseveralcompaniessuchasAluxLuxarandJordan.Availableby

requestareRay-SetFiles.

5.5 Thermal management

Foroptimalperformance,theFortimoLEDLLMsystemmustoperatewithin

specifiedtemperaturelimits.Dependingontheapplicationandluminairedesign,a

suitablesolutionforthethermalmanagementshouldbeapplied.

5.5.1 Test requirements

Temperaturemeasurementsshouldonlybeperformedwhentheluminaireis

thermallystable,whichmaytake0.5to2hoursdependingonthethermalcapacity

oftheluminaire.Forallmeasurementssuchastemperature,luminousfluxand

power,astabilizationperiodofatleasthalfanhourmustbeallowedbeforeany

reliabledatacanbeobtained.Measurementsmustbeperformedbymeansof

thermocouplesthatarefirmlygluedtothesurface(andnot,forexample,secured

withadhesivetape).

5.5.2Temperaturerange

BecauseLEDsaretemperature-sensitive,LEDmodulesrequireadifferent

approachwithrespecttothermalmanagement.Thesystemhasbeendesignedto

operatebetween-20°Cand65°CatTcase.Thelowerandupperlimithasbeen

determinedbytheapplicationandbythecomponentsusedindirectrelationto

theperformanceandreliabilityofthesystem.

5. Designing a luminaire


5.5.3Criticaltemperaturepoints(Tc)

ForLEDs,thejunctiontemperatureisthecriticalfactorforoperation.Since

thereisadirectrelationbetweenthecasetemperatureandtheLEDjunction

temperature,itissufficienttomeasurethealuminumcasingoftheFortimoLED

LLMmoduleatitscriticalpoint(Tc).TheTcpointislocatedonthebacksurface

oftheFortimoLEDLLMmoduleandforthedriver,itisnotedonthelabel.Ifthe

casetemperatureattheTcpointexceedstherecommendedTclifeof55°C,the

performanceoftheLEDsandtheFortimoLEDLLMsystemwillbeadversely

affected,intermsoflightoutput,lifetimeandlumenmaintenance.

IfduetoinsufficientthermalmanagementorothercircumstancestheTcpoint

reaches70°C(typ),athermalcircuit*willbeengaged.Thiscircuitwillstart

dimmingtheLEDmodule.Thethermalcircuitisonlyafailsafeinordertoprotect

themoduleagainstoverheating.Theoptimumperformanceisonlyarchivedif

Tcpointstaysbelow55°C.Thegraphshowstheeffectontherelativefluxasa

functionofTctemperature.

*The thermal circuit is applied in all Fortimo LED LLM versions.

5.5.4Operationunderbuilt-inconditions

TheheatproducedbytheFortimoLEDLLMdriverandmoduleintheluminaire

(orsimilarhousing)mustbedissipatedtothesurroundings,ifthisisnottakencare

ofitwillhaveanadverseeffectonsystemperformanceandlifetime.

5.5.5 Heat sink design

Toensureperformance,itisessentialthatthecriticaltemperatureofmodule

anddriverstaysbelow55°C.Thethermalmanagementcanbedonein3ways—

conduction,radiationandconvectionoracombinationofthese(seefiguretoleft).

Tc point light module

Relative light output

0

20

25 35 45 55 65 75 85

40

60

80

Temperature

Relat

ive li

ght o

utpu

t

100

120

3 types of heat transport

Luminaire

Heat sink

Thermal interface material

Heat sink

LEDs

Conduction

Radiation

Convection


Material W/mK

Copper 400

Aluminum 200

Brass 100

Steel 50

Corrosion-resistantsteel 15

Thermal conductivity

Material W/mK Emission coefficient

Aluminium new/polished 0.04-0.06

oxidized 0.2-0.3

anodized 0.8

Steel painted 0.8-0.95

new/polished 0.03-0.07

heavilyoxidized 0.7-0.8

Emission coefficients

14

7

3

4 7 20Volume Luminaire [dm3]

Hea

t si

nk s

urfa

ce [

dm2 ]

Costofheatsink

Typicalvolumecobraheadluminaire Typicalvolumepoletopluminaire

Heat sink

Note:

The objective of this chapter is not to indicate exactly how to calculate a heat sink, but to

give some guidelines on how to improve its performance.

5.5.6 Heat sink material

Thetypeofmaterialusedhasalargeinfluenceonthefinalresult.Forexample,

acomparisonofthethermalconductivity(k)ofcopperwiththatofcorrosion-

resistantsteel(seetabletoleft)showsthatasubstantiallysmallerheatsinkcan

bemadewithcopper.Thebestmaterialforheatsinksis(soft)aluminum.The

thickness(H)oftheheatsinkisalsoofmajorimportance.Assumingthatwewould

usethesameheatsinks,butmadefromadifferentmaterial,asimilareffectwould

bearchivedwith1mmcopper,2mmaluminum,4mmbrass,8mmsteelor26mm

corrosion-resistantsteel.

5.5.7Thermalradiationandemissioncoefficient

Thermalradiationcanalsoformasubstantialpartofthetotalheattransfer,and

isofthesameorderasforconvection.Thisdependsstronglyontheemission

coefficient(seetabletoleft)ofthesurface,whichliesbetween0and1.For

example,apolishedaluminumsurfacehasaverylowemissioncoefficient,while

thatofapaintedsurfaceisveryhigh.

5.5.8Surfacearea

Althoughaheatsinkcanhavemany(complex)shapes,thedesignwilldependon

severalparameters.Dependingonapplicationoftheluminaire,surfacearea,cost,

thermalresistanceandvolumeinsideoftheluminairecanbedetermined.Hereisa

differentiationopportunityforluminairemanufacturers.

FortimoLEDLLMproductshaveanenergyconsumptionof24Wforthe

1800lmversionand14Wforthe1100lmwarmwhiteversion.Theamountof

heat(energy)thatneedstobetakenformthemoduleisabout14Wforthe

1800lmand9Wforthe1100version.Theheatsinkatthebacksideofthe

moduleisthecontactareafortheexternalheatsink.Theexternalheatsink

transportstheheatawayfromthemodule.

Byimprovingthethermalmanagement,inotherwords,loweringtheTcpointof

themodule,thesystemwillperformbetter(lifetimeandlightoutput).Hereis

anotherdifferentiationopportunityforluminairemanufacturers.Thesizeofthe

heatsinkdependsonthepowerratingofthemoduleaswellasthedesignand

volumeoftheluminaire.

Atypicalsurfaceareaofaheatsink,whenpassivelycooled,fora1800lmsystem

is10,40dm2whilethe1100lmmodulerequiresaheatsinkwithasurfacearea

of6,30dm2.Thisisbasedona“standard”heatsinkofaluminiumwithouter

dimensionsof250x40x50mm(LxHxB)andaninsidevolumeoftheluminaire

at7dm3.

OnceLEDefficiencyupgradesbecomeavailable,powerratingwillbereducedand

requiredheatsinksizecanalsobereduced.

Indication of luminaire volume vs. heat sink surface and cost

(Fortimo LED LLM 1800 lm)

Heatsink(plateshape)


Luminaire

Thermal model

T ambientluminaire

Tambient

Tc

R thermal-luminaire

R thermal-heatsink

5.5.9 Thermal design

Ifonewantstocalculatetherequiredsurfaceareaoftheheatsinkarelatively

simplemodelcanbeusedasshowninthethermalmodelgraph.

5.5.10Calculationofthermalresistance

The total thermal resistance (Rth_tot) of the system is equal to the thermal

resistanceoftheheatsink(Rth_hs)plusthethermalresistanceoftheluminaire

(Rth_lum).Forthereferencecalculation,wehaveusedthefollowingtemperatures:

Tc=55°CandTambientis35°CandTambientluminaireis15°C.

TheRth_hsiscalculatedbysubtractingTambientfromTcanddevidedbythe

PdissipationoftheLightmodule.

The Rth_lum is calculated

The Rth_total is then

5.5.11 Thermal management

Tosimplifythermalmanagement,theOEMcandesigntheheatsinkinsuchaway

thatitbecomesonewiththeluminairehousing.Bymakingthehousingofthe

luminaireanintegralpartofheatmanagement,thesurfaceareaoftheinternalheat

sinkisreducedandthecalculationissimplified.

5.5.12 Calculatingyourheatsink

Thesurfaceareacanthanbecalculatedwith:

Total surface area heat sink =1

Rth_heat sink x h

Total outer surface area heat sink =1

1,43 x 7 = 0.099 m2

Thehintheequationistheheattransfercoefficient(W/m2).Thetypicalhvalueis

between5-10.

5.6 Recommendations

5.6.1 Thermal interface

Toincreasetheconductionofheatitisalwaysadvisabletousethermalinterface

material (TIM).

Rth_total = Rth_heat sink + Rth_luminiare

Rth_heat sink =Tc_Tambient

Pdissipated light module

Rth_heat sink =35º C - 15º C

14 W = 1.43º C/W

Rth_luminaire =Tambient - Tambient luminaire

Pdissipated light module & driver

Rth_luminiare =35º C - 15º C14 W + 3 W = 1.18º C/W

Rth_total = 1.43 + 1.18 = 2.61º C/W

Luminaire

T ambientluminaire

Tc

R thermal-luminaire

Termal model with integrated heat sink

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