OECD STI Scoreboard 2013 Paris Launch

Science, Technology, Industry Scoreboard 2013

INNOVATION FOR GROWTH

www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard

http://www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard

Cc

The value of the STI Scoreboard

Wide-ranging resource book of indicator To inform policy making Broad scope – includes BRIICS New, experimental indicators Web book Additional data and visualisation

online

StatLinks and More data

Knowledge economies – trends and features

Building knowledge

Connecting to knowledge

Targeting new growth areas

Unleashing innovation in firms

Competing in the knowledge economy

Participating in the global economy

STI Scoreboard 2013

Today, with an uneven pace of recovery across

the OECD, unemployment remains

the most pressing challenge

Where people lost their jobs, 2008-11

Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932889440

Relative contribution to change in total employment by major sectors of economic activity

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

-24.2

-48.6-56.4

-49.2

-19.4 -24.6-15.2

-31.6 -34.6

7.6 14.2 9.6 27.9 29.1 40.5 31.0 20.9 17.0

Mining, manufacturing and utilities Construction

Public administration, education, health and other services Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Information and communication Finance, insurance and real estate activities

Professional, scientific, technical and other business services Wholesale, retail, hotels, food services and transport%

Losses, thousands

Gains, thousands

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932889440

Job losses in Europe 2011-12

Relative contribution to change in total employment by major sectors of economic activity

-125

-100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

125

-16.4 -21.6-15.4

-22.6-8.3

-16.9

7.3

-19.2

12.4 10.2 22.0

-25.9

-13.0-14.6

7.7

-41.7

-10.3

-18.1

38.8 15.4 30.5 22.9

Mining, manufacturing and utilities Construction

Public administration, education, health and other services Agriculture, forestry and fishing

Information and communication Finance, insurance and real estate activities

Wholesale, retail, hotels, food services and transport Professional, scientific, technical and other business services%

Losses, thousands

Gains, thousands


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932889440

… and the challenge affects all

Demand in one country sustains jobs

in anotherJobs in the business sector sustained by foreign final demand, 1995 and 2008

As a percentage of total business sector employment


0

10

20

30

40

%2008 1995

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932904469

and European demand is critical to European jobs

Jobs sustained by foreign final demand, by region of demand, 2008As a percentage of total jobs embodied in foreign final demand


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932904507

Young, dynamic firms create more jobs than destroy, even during

crisis periods …

Net job growth, younger versus older firms, 2001-

11Average over 15 countries


2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11-,6

-,4

-,2

,0

,2

,4

,6

Young firms (5 years old or less) Old firms (6 years old or more) Total%

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11-,6

-,4

-,2

,0

,2

,4

,6


2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11-,6

-,4

-,2

,0

,2

,4

,6


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932889383

Net job growth, younger versus older firms, 2001-11

Average over 15 countries

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Small young Small old Medium young Medium old Large young Large old

% Employment Job destruction Job creation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45




http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932889402

Patenting activity of young firms by sector, 2009-11

Share of young patenting firms and share of patents filed by young patenting firms


1 2 2 1 1 2 7 5 3 3 2 2 5 2 3 18

0

10

20

30

40

50

%

High and medium-high-technology manufactures Business-sector services, excluding real estate

Low and medium-low-technology manufactures Other sectors

Share of patents filed by young firms

Average number of patents filed by firms under 5 years old, 2009-11

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932893525

Well-designed incentives matter for younger and smaller innovative firms

Direct funding of business R&D and R&D tax incentives, 2011

As a percentage of GDP, 2011


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891112

Implied tax subsidy on R&D expenditures, 2013


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891150

Researchers on the move: brain circulation results in in higher scientific impact

The 9 largest bilateral flows involve the US

International flows of scientific authors, 1996-2011Selected bilateral flows, by first and last affiliation


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

%

Total bilateral flows(x + y)

Pairs, ordered by net flow direction

Bilateral flows

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

%

Total bilateral flows(x + y)

Pairs, ordered by net flow direction

Bilateral flows

For DEU↔CHE, the lozenge show s tha t CHE ga ins 31% of to ta l b i l a tera l f low s.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891511

Mobility patterns vary across economies

International mobility of scientific authors, 1996-2011 As a percentage of authors with two or more publications, by last reported affiliation

0

10

20

30

40

%New inflows Returnees Stayers

100

0

10

20

30

40


100

0

10

20

30

40


100


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891530

What is the impact of mobility?

Impact of scientific authors, by category of mobility, 1996-2011Based on the median source-normalized impact per paper (SNIP)


1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Stayers Returnees New inflows Outflows

Impact factor

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4


Impact factor

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4


Impact factor

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4


Impact factor

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891549

The impact of internationally mobile scientists, inflows versus outflows,

1996-2011Based on citation impact and changes in the affiliation of scientific authors

BEL

CAN

CHE

DEUDNK

FRA

JPN

NLD

NZL

SWE

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30

Median impact of outflows

Median impact of inflows

Average flows, inflows plus outflows , of scientific authors

1 000

10 000

70 000

ARG

AUT

BEL

BRA

CAN

CHE

CHL

CHN

CZE

DEUDNK

FINFRA

GRC

IND

ITA

JPN

KOR

MEX

NLD

NZL

POL

SWE

TURZAF

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30




1 000

10 000

70 000

RUS: Inflows impact= 0.71

ARG

AUS

AUT

BEL

BRA

CAN

CHE

CHL

CHN

CZE

DEUDNK

ESP

FINFRA GBR

GRC

HKG

IND

ITA

JPN

KOR

MEX

NLD

NOR

NZL

POL

PRT

SGP

SWE

TUR

TWN

USA

ZAF

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30




1 000

10 000

70 000

RUS: Inflows impact= 0.71

Sou

rce

: O

EC

D S

cie

nce

, Te

chn

olog

y an

d In

dust

ry

Sco

reb

oard

201

3.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932890333

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932890333

The impact of scientific production and the extent of international

scientific collaboration

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932890314

Whole counts of internationally co-authored documents,2003-2011

Sou

rce

: O

EC

D S

cie

nce

, Te

chn

olog

y an

d In

dust

ry

Sco

reb

oard

201

3.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932890314

Innovation at the technology frontier

requires being “near” to science and exploit the

cross-fertilisation of different technology

areas

Technologies drawing on science


Patents citing non-patent literature (NPL), selected technologies, 1997-2002 and 2007-12

Share of citations to NPL in backward citations, average

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932891701

Technology burst in 2000sPhone and wireless communication

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

,0.0

,1.0

,2.0

,3.0

,4.0

,5.06433 PCT

filings

H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS%

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

,0.0

,0.2

,0.4

,0.6

,0.8

,1.0

155 PCT filings

H04Q: SELECTING APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS%

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

,0.0

,0.5

,1.0

,1.5

,2.0

869 PCT filings

H04M: TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION %

Patents in selected IPC4-digits, Share in total PCT filings and burst period

Source: OECD, calculations based on PATSTAT, EPO, April 2013.

Technology burst in 2000sCo-development of the top 40 technologies

Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932892385

2006-11

1996-2001

A01NA61

KA61

PA63

FB01

J

B60KB60

L

C07DC07

HC07

KC09

K

C11DC40

BE21

BF2

1SF2

1VF2

1YF2

4J

G01NG02

F

G03BG06

F

G06QG09

F

G11BH01

L

H01MH04

BH04

J

H04KH04

L

H04M

H04W

H04Q

H04N

H04LH02J

H01M

H01L

G09G

G09F

G07F

G06FG02F

G01V

G01N

F21YF21VD06L

C12Q

C12PC12N

C07K

C07D

C07BB60W

B60L

A61K

A61P

H05B

PCT patent applications

500 patents

1 000 patents

10 000 patents

Energy storage and dis-tribution for electric and

hybrid vehicles

Electronic games

Chemistry and biotechnology

Electric and hybrid

vehicles

Micro-molecular chem-

istry

Detergents

Lighting

Displaying devices

Digital data acquisition, processing and transmis-

sion

Batteries

Wireless and digital communi-

cation

Semiconductors International Patent Classes (IPC)

A01 - AgricultureA61 - Medical/veterinary scienceA63 - Sports, games, etc.B01 - Physical or chemical devicesB60 - VehiclesC07 - Organic chemistryC09 - Dyes, paints, etc. C11 - Oils, fats and waxesC12 - BiochemistryC40 - Combinatorial technologyD06 - Treatment of TextilesE21 - Earth/rock drilling, miningF21 - LightingF24 - Heating, ventilating, etc.G01 - Measuring, testingG02 - OpticsG03 - Photography, etc.G06 - ComputingG07 - Checking-devicesG09 - Educating, display, etc.G11 - Information storageH01 - Basic electric elementsH02 - Electric powerH04 - Electric communicationH05 - Electric techniques n.e.c.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932892385

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932892385

Innovation involves investments and policies

beyond R&D …

Innovation is broader than R&D

Product innovation, by R&D status, 2008-10


0

25

50

75

100

% Non R&D-active product innovators R&D-active product innovators

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932892480

Investment in physical and knowledge-based capital, 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

%

Non-residential physical assets Software and databases

R&D and other intellectual property products Brand equity, firm-specific human capital, organisational capital

As a percentage of value added of the business sector


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932889820

… policies that target complementary assets

9 9 11 10 11 11 7 9 11 10

0

25

50

75

100

2 assets: Computerised Information, Design 4 Assets

2 assets: Organisational Capital, R&D 3 assets: Computerised Information, R&D, Design

2 assets: Organisational Capital, Computerised Information 3 assets: Organisational Capital, Computerised Information, R&D

2 assets: Computerised Information, R&D

% Share of overlapping KBC-related employed persons in total employment

Knowledge-based capital = workers, their tasks and skills

% of total employed persons, 2012

0 10 20 30

Greece

Denmark

Ireland

Finland

Belgium

Netherlands

Sweden

Germany

France

Norway

UnitedKingdom

United States

%

Organisational Capital Computerised InformationDesign Research & DevelopmentOverlapping assets

0 10 20 30

Greece

Denmark

Ireland

Finland

Belgium

Netherlands

Sweden

Germany

France

Norway

UnitedKingdom

United States

%

Organisational Capital Computerised InformationDesign Research & DevelopmentOverlapping assets

Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932890618

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932890618

Beyond patents: the IP bundle

Unite

d Sta

tes

Germ

any

Japa

n

Fran

ce

Unite

d Kin

gdom Ita

ly

Nethe

rland

s

Switzer

land

Spain

Korea

Sweden

China

Austri

a

Belgi

um

Canad

a

Denm

ark

Finl

and

Polan

dIsr

ael

Austra

lia

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

EPO Patents OHIM Trademarks OHIM Designs

Thousands of applications

IP bundle of top 20 applicants, 2010-12


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932892575

The IP portfolio of firms

Firms with trademarks and patents, 2009-11

Spain

Unite

d Sta

tes

Unite

d Kin

gdom

Irela

nd

Belgi

um

Nethe

rland

sIta

ly

Canad

a

Sweden

Austri

a

Fran

ce

Finl

and

Germ

any

Switzer

land

Norway

Japa

n,0

,25

,50

,75

,100

Trademarks only Patents only Patents and trademarks

%Number of firms matched to ORBIS© firms


http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888932892803

Science, Technology, Industry Scoreboard 2013

INNOVATION FOR GROWTH

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OECD STI Scoreboard 2013 Paris Launch

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