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OECD Meeting_Wien_24/25.04.06 Joint OECD/ ECMT Transportation Research Center Working Group on Transp. Infrastructure Investment April 25-26, 2006 Vienna, Austria Financing transp. Infrastructure under the paradigm shift from construction to operation Prof. Reinhart Kuhne, Ph.D. German Aerospace Center, Berlin Transportation Studies Group

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Speed vs. Flow on I-10 westbound in 5 minute intervals from 4am to 6pm Source: Varaiya Pravin: What weve learned about Highway Congestion. Transportation Research at the University of California, Access 27, Fall 2005, S. 2-9

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Source: Varaiya Pravin: What weve learned about Highway Congestion. Transportation Research at the University of California, Access 27, Fall 2005, S. 2-9 Results from Performance Monitoring System on Californias Highways (data from 26000 sensors) - 600 recurrent bottlenecks = 50% of weekday peak delays, - 28% additionally peak-period congestion delay is caused by collisions, - 10% of it accounting for 90% of all collision-induced delay Total vehicle-hours of travel (left) and sources of congestion (right) during peak periods

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Road accidents (in 1000)2000200220032004 personal injuries fatalities 382,9 6,8 362,1 6,2 354,9 6,6 440,1 5,8 heavy property damage133,3129,8124,0 total516,2491,9485,5 Incident Balance in Germany type of constructions site numberremarks Duration 14 Tage (continuous construction site) 700 total lenght: 2000 km concerns 6% average duration: 4 months of the complete network Each construction site a congestion site freeway construction sites in the complete network (2000)

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Incident consequences and improved incident management Quelle: Forschung, Straenbau und Straenverkehrstechnik, berlastungswahrscheinlichkeiten und Verkehrsleistung als Bemessungskriterium fr Straenverkehrsanlagen; Heft 870, Hrsg: Bundesministerium fr Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen 1min blockage cause 5 min addl blockage capacity reduction due to reduction by 1 lane 3lane road: 48% 2lane road: 79% cummulative distribution original situation improved incident management duration of incident [min]

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Top-of-the-line equipment such as the rotator pictured here enables towing and recovery companies to clear roads in minutes instead of hours. The main goals of effective Traffic Incident Management are to: Protect both on-scene responders and the traveling public Reduce delays and associated impacts on travelers Reduce the possibility of secondary incidents Ensure that response resources tied up at incidents are put back into service quickly Source: David L. Helman: Traffic Incident Management, Public Roads Nov./ Dec. 2004, Vol. 68 (www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/04nov/03.htm)

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Heavy Occupical Vehicle Tolling Lane a high-occupancy vehicle lane (or HOV lane) is a lane for vehicles with a driver and one or more passengers Four high-occupancy vehicle lanes are elevated over general-use lanes on the Harbor Freeway in Los Angeles, CA Some cities that use separated HOV lanes make them reversible; i.e. usable only by inbound traffic during the morning rush and usable only by outbound traffic during the evening rush. Some HOV lanes are built on totally separate roadways from their corresponding general use lanes; are constructed on parallel roads separated by a concrete barrier, are built on grade-separated (i.e. elevated or underground) roadways. One example is the Harbor Freeway in Los Angeles, California, where four HOV lanes travel on the upper deck of the freeway. This type of construction is said to maintain optimal efficiency by keeping general use traffic from merging back and forth into the HOV lanes, and by maximizing space on the main roadway for general use traffic. Additionally, major interchanges on such routes are often equipped with HOV-only ramps, which minimizes haphazard cross-freeway merging. Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 complete blocking of a tunnel variable message signs have to be used for lane allocation because of: - shift in direction - lane allocation on intersections - lane allocation before and after a tunnel - temporary emergency lane opening Temporary emergency lane opening Emergency lanes increase the security on motorways Using the emergency lane means a higher security risk (about 25%) but increases also the road capacity with marginal costs Variable message signs Source: Hinweise zu variablen Fahrstreifenzuteilungen Anwendungsbeispiele und Einsatzmglichkeiten, Ausgabe 2003, FGSV e.V. Kln, ISBN: 3-937356-18-5

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Saisonale Wrmespeicher knftig fr Energiespeicherstrae Quelle: ITW, Universitt Stuttgart

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Bauarbeiten Erdsonden-Wrmespeicher in Neckarsulm Amorbach Quelle: ITW, Universitt Stuttgart

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Bauteiltemperierung: Energie liegt auf der Strae Fahrbahnabsorber: mit Sommerwrme gegen Winterglatteis Ziele: hhere Sicherheit, weniger Schden an Belag u. Bauwerken Quelle: Fraunhofer Institut Bauphysik

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 projects by built operating and transfer due to the German private freeway financing act NrStraeLandStrecke 1B 103MVWarnowquerung Rostock 2A 8BWAS Mhlhausen- AS Hohenstedt (neu) 3A 20SH/ NI Elbequerung nordwestlich Hamburg 4A 52NWVerbindung der A 40 mit der A 42 (Essen) 5A 100BEAD Neuklln AS Landsberger Allee 6A 281HBWeserquerung 7B 21BYKirchholztunnel Bad Reichenhall 8B 50nRPHochmoselbergang Wittlich/Bernkastel 9B 75/ B 104 SHTravequerung Lbeck

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Time Balance Bus Line 129 Anhalter Bahnhof Glitzer Bahnhof UNIVERSITT STUTTGART INSTITUT FR STRASSEN- UND VERKEHRSWESEN (ISV) LEHRSTUHL VERKEHRSPLANUNG UND VERKEHRSLEITTECHNIK (VuV)

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Buslinie 65 zwischen Frankenstrae und Dutzendteich, Quelle: VAG Bus Priority Measures

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Travel times Volksfestplatz->Doku-Zentrum for selected days Quelle: VAG 1 Bus less = 200 000 /year savings

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 private financed infrastructure projects worldwide Quelle: Finanzierung der Straeninfrastruktur: Leitfaden fr neue Methoden der Finanzierung und Public Private Partnership (Orig. eng/ frz.) PIARC World Road Association, La Defence, 2000 energy gas water/ severage air traffic inland traffic/ shipping traffic telecommunication rail traffic road traffic

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OECD Meeting_Wien_24/25.04.06 Joint OECD/ ECMT Transportation Research Center Working Group on Transp. Infrastructure Investment April 25-26, 2006 Vienna, Austria Financing transp. Infrastructure under the paradigm shift from construction to operation Prof. Reinhart Kuhne, Ph.D. German Aerospace Center, Berlin Transportation Studies Group

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Speed vs. Flow on I-10 westbound in 5 minute intervals from 4am to 6pm Source: Varaiya Pravin: What weve learned about Highway Congestion. Transportation Research at the University of California, Access 27, Fall 2005, S. 2-9

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Source: Varaiya Pravin: What weve learned about Highway Congestion. Transportation Research at the University of California, Access 27, Fall 2005, S. 2-9 Results from Performance Monitoring System on Californias Highways (data from 26000 sensors) - 600 recurrent bottlenecks = 50% of weekday peak delays, - 28% additionally peak-period congestion delay is caused by collisions, - 10% of it accounting for 90% of all collision-induced delay Total vehicle-hours of travel (left) and sources of congestion (right) during peak periods

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Road accidents (in 1000)2000200220032004 personal injuries fatalities 382,9 6,8 362,1 6,2 354,9 6,6 440,1 5,8 heavy property damage133,3129,8124,0 total516,2491,9485,5 Incident Balance in Germany type of constructions site numberremarks Duration 14 Tage (continuous construction site) 700 total lenght: 2000 km concerns 6% average duration: 4 months of the complete network Each construction site a congestion site freeway construction sites in the complete network (2000)

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Incident consequences and improved incident management Quelle: Forschung, Straenbau und Straenverkehrstechnik, berlastungswahrscheinlichkeiten und Verkehrsleistung als Bemessungskriterium fr Straenverkehrsanlagen; Heft 870, Hrsg: Bundesministerium fr Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen 1min blockage cause 5 min addl blockage capacity reduction due to reduction by 1 lane 3lane road: 48% 2lane road: 79% cummulative distribution original situation improved incident management duration of incident [min]

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Top-of-the-line equipment such as the rotator pictured here enables towing and recovery companies to clear roads in minutes instead of hours. The main goals of effective Traffic Incident Management are to: Protect both on-scene responders and the traveling public Reduce delays and associated impacts on travelers Reduce the possibility of secondary incidents Ensure that response resources tied up at incidents are put back into service quickly Source: David L. Helman: Traffic Incident Management, Public Roads Nov./ Dec. 2004, Vol. 68 (www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/04nov/03.htm)

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Heavy Occupical Vehicle Tolling Lane a high-occupancy vehicle lane (or HOV lane) is a lane for vehicles with a driver and one or more passengers Four high-occupancy vehicle lanes are elevated over general-use lanes on the Harbor Freeway in Los Angeles, CA Some cities that use separated HOV lanes make them reversible; i.e. usable only by inbound traffic during the morning rush and usable only by outbound traffic during the evening rush. Some HOV lanes are built on totally separate roadways from their corresponding general use lanes; are constructed on parallel roads separated by a concrete barrier, are built on grade-separated (i.e. elevated or underground) roadways. One example is the Harbor Freeway in Los Angeles, California, where four HOV lanes travel on the upper deck of the freeway. This type of construction is said to maintain optimal efficiency by keeping general use traffic from merging back and forth into the HOV lanes, and by maximizing space on the main roadway for general use traffic. Additionally, major interchanges on such routes are often equipped with HOV-only ramps, which minimizes haphazard cross-freeway merging. Quelle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 projects by built operating and transfer due to the German private freeway financing act NrStraeLandStrecke 1B 103MVWarnowquerung Rostock 2A 8BWAS Mhlhausen- AS Hohenstedt (neu) 3A 20SH/ NI Elbequerung nordwestlich Hamburg 4A 52NWVerbindung der A 40 mit der A 42 (Essen) 5A 100BEAD Neuklln AS Landsberger Allee 6A 281HBWeserquerung 7B 21BYKirchholztunnel Bad Reichenhall 8B 50nRPHochmoselbergang Wittlich/Bernkastel 9B 75/ B 104 SHTravequerung Lbeck

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Time Balance Bus Line 129 Anhalter Bahnhof Glitzer Bahnhof UNIVERSITT STUTTGART INSTITUT FR STRASSEN- UND VERKEHRSWESEN (ISV) LEHRSTUHL VERKEHRSPLANUNG UND VERKEHRSLEITTECHNIK (VuV)

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Buslinie 65 zwischen Frankenstrae und Dutzendteich, Quelle: VAG Bus Priority Measures

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 Travel times Volksfestplatz->Doku-Zentrum for selected days Quelle: VAG 1 Bus less = 200 000 /year savings

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OECD Meeting_24-25.04.06 private financed infrastructure projects worldwide Quelle: Finanzierung der Straeninfrastruktur: Leitfaden fr neue Methoden der Finanzierung und Public Private Partnership (Orig. eng/ frz.) PIARC World Road Association, La Defence, 2000 energy gas water/ severage air traffic inland traffic/ shipping traffic telecommunication rail traffic road traffic