These are the activities and assessments that supplement the unit entitled “Operation Odyssey” created by Karen Field Item #1

Mythology Project

We will begin working on this project before we begin The Odyssey, which begins 13 October. In order to accomplish this task, you will need a pack of 4X6 cards (bring these to class on 7 October.)

You will utilize on-line and book sources. You will cite all sources you use. You may use a source no more than 5 times. Two of your sources must be book sources.

The citation for a book is as follows:Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin Books, 1987. Print.

(author, title, city of publication, publishing company, copyright year, print

On-line sources are cited as follows:

The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. 26 Aug. 2005. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue

University. Web. 23 April 2006.

Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. 28 Nov. 2003. Purdue University. Web. 10 May

2006.

Name of Site. Date of Posting/Revision. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sometimes found in copyright statements). Web. Date you accessed the site [Author and/or editor names (if available)

Article name in quotation marks (if applicable) Title of the Website, project, or book in italics. (Remember that some Print publications have Web

publications with slightly different names. They may, for example, include the additional information or otherwise modified information, like domain names [e.g. .com or .net].)

Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates, volumes, or issue numbers. Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date. Take note of any page numbers (if available). Web. Date you accessed the material.

Be sure that you can locate all of this information from the site prior to using that site.

However, you may use a site without the author.

This is the list of myths that you will research, summarize, and cite. Your understanding of the myth should be strong enough so that when you see the myth alluded to in conversation, literature, or television, you will understand the point the person is making. For example, after you read about “The Trojan Horse,” you will understand what a person means when he says, “Beware Greeks bearing gifts.” You should be able to connect this statement to Odysseus’ plan and how this so-called gift was responsible for ending the Trojan War. Although this is myth, the point to us is to be careful of people who are giving us something that seems too good to be true.

Perseus and Medusa Daedalus and Icarus Pandora Theseus Jason & The Argonauts (Golden

Fleece) Achilles Hercules Tantalus Cupid & Psyche Echo & Narcissus King Midas and the Golden

Touch Zeus, Hera, Athena, Hermes,

Aphrodite, Poseidon

The Judgment of Paris* Sisyphus Prometheus Persephone Arachne Orpheus & Eurydice Agamemnon *Mythica Ajax *Mythica The Trojan Horse

Getting Started: As you conduct your research, you will use one 4X6 card for each item. On the lined side of the card you will record a summary about this item. On the back side of the card you will write a correct citation. You will find a sample for your book source as well as your electronic source on the back as part of this handout.

Visual Task: Choosing one of the items above, you will create a visual representation of that person, item, or story. If you look around my classroom, you will see examples of quality student work; this is the expectation. You want to share something that is worth hanging on the wall of fame. You may choose to do a poster, a book, make a mask, a tile, mosaic, or create an original item that reflects the person or story. Everyone will be familiar with all the people and stories, so each of us should be able to understand the significance of your visual.

Assessments: Your cards will count as a test grade. You will receive another grade for your visual.

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Item #2:Operation Odyssey

Is It the Journey or the Destination?

Odyssey Boot Camp: Equip yourselves with the necessary knowledge and skills to take part in the epic experience of Odysseus’s journey to Ithaca. As you prepare for the journey and the destination, actively participate in the training that will fortify your learning experience.

The Boot Camp tasks require that you read information, take good notes, understand directions, participate in discussions, utilize your Odyssey journal, and practice reading strategies.

Legend denotes Boot Camp tasks:

Task #1: Preview and post unit goals:

Georgia Performance Standards Focus

Unit Goals:

Literary analysis:

Reading:

Writing and Grammar:

Listening, Speaking, Viewing:

Vocabulary:

Academic Vocabulary: epic epic hero archetypes epic simile theme

epithet allusion subject analysis figurative language/imagery plot and setting

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Completion task Reading task Note taking task Odyssey journal entry Discuss and dialogue Practice a reading strategy

Task #2: As you read the background information (pages 1088-1101) use this note taking graphic to record your notes and observations. Read “Homer’s World” (1088-1091). Purpose for reading: ___________________________________ Record main ideas of each section and list three supporting details or facts:“Examining the Homeric Epics”Main idea: ________________________________________________________________________________

1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

“The Trojan War”Main idea: ________________________________________________________________________________

1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

“The Heroic Story of Odysseus”Main idea: ________________________________________________________________________________

1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

“The Intervention of the Gods and Goddesses”Main idea: ________________________________________________________________________________

1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

Who are the Muses? _______________________________________________________________________

“Homer: The Epic Poet” Why have the Iliad and the Odyssey influenced so many writers?• Shadowy Figure Main idea: _________________________________________________________________

1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

•Oral History Main idea: _____________________________________________________________________1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

•Models for the Ages Main idea: _______________________________________________________________1. __________________________________________________________________________________

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2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

•A Living Tradition Main idea: _________________________________________________________________1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

How will you utilize the information found on page 1091?1. __________________________________________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________________________________________

Who is Penelope? _________________________________________________________________________In what Book will Odysseus encounter three significant sea monsters? _________________________________Who guards the winds? _____________________________________________________________________Who is the king of the Phaeacians? ____________________________________________________________ Pronounce the names of:

Odysseus’ dog The blind prophet The enchantress of Aeaea

The loyal, old female servant of Odysseus

What can you learn about ancient Greece by studying the plaque and urn from that period? (pages 1092-93)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Task #3: Participate in the “Literary Analysis Workshop” for The Epic to equip yourselves with epic characteristics, the skills to identify and analyze epic language, and techniques/strategies to aid understanding of reading epics. Read “The Epic” (1094-1101). Record notes and practice epic journal responses.Part 1: Characteristics of the Epic—as you journey through the episodes of the Odyssey, expect to encounter the following elements. Record notes that define and distinguish these epic features:Epic at a Glance: Features:

Epic hero (also see page 1103)

Epic plot --

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Epic setting

Archetypes --

Epic themes --

Read the excerpt from BOOK 4: The Red-Haired King and His Lady MODEL: CHARACTERISTICS of EPICRespond using the t-charts for journaling your ideas

Record passages (use line numbers) Respond: What I think it says…Book #4

Lines ___ -- ___

Lines ___ -- ____

Lines ___ -- ____

Close Read Respond

1. King Menelaus mentions several heroic traits that Odysseus exhibited while carrying out his plan to defeat the Trojans. One trait has been boxed. Identify two more.2. What archetypes does Helen represent? Explain your answer.

3. Reread lines 8-10 and 23-24. Explain how the gods interfered in the episode that Menelaus is describing.

Part 2: The Language of Homer—epic simile, epithet, and allusionDefine the elements

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simile/epic simile

epithet

allusion

Read the excerpt from BOOK 8: The Songs of the Harper MODEL 1: EPIC SIMILERespond using the t-charts for journaling your ideas

Record passages (use line numbers) Respond: What I think it says…Book #8Lines ___ -- ___

Lines ___ -- ____

Close Read Respond

1. What two things are being compared in this epic simile?2. In the boxed lines, the wife cries first for her dying husband, then for herself. Consider what this might suggest about Odysseus’ feelings. What might the epic hero be crying about?

Read the excerpt from BOOK 1: A Goddess Intervenes MODEL 2: EPITHETRespond using the t-charts for journaling your ideas

Record passages (use line numbers) Respond: What I think it says…Book #1Lines ___ -- ___

Lines ___ -- ____

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Close Read Respond

1. One epithet of Zeus is boxed. Find another.2. What epithet does Zeus use to refer to Odysseus?

Part 3: Reading the Epic (p. 1098)Record notes for the Strategies in ActionReading the Epic as Narrative

Reading the Epic as Poetry

Reading the Epic as a Reflection of Its Time

Read the excerpt from BOOK 2: A Hero’s Son Awakens MODEL: Reading the EpicRespond using the t-charts for journaling your ideas Record passages (use line numbers) Respond: What I think it says…Book #2

Lines ___ -- ___

Lines ___ -- ____

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Lines ___ -- ____

Book 2 Close Read

Close Read Respond

1. Try to visualize the suitors at Odysseus’ home by using details in lines 1-9. Describe the images that the lines conjured up in your mind. 2. Note the two speakers. What does Telemachus accuse the suitors of doing? How does one suitor defend his and the other suitor’s actions?

3. Identify two examples of sound devices in the boxed text.4. What do the accusations made in this excerpt tell you about Greek values?

5. How would you describe Penelope? Cite details that help you to understand the traits Greeks prized in women.

Part 4: Analyze Literature (p. 1100)Read the excerpt from BOOK 14: Hospitality in the Forest MODEL: Analyzing LiteratureRespond using the t-charts for journaling your ideas

Record passages (use line numbers) Respond: What I think it says…Book #14

Lines ___ -- ___

Lines ___ -- ____

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Lines ___ -- ____

Lines ____ -- ____

Lines ___ -- _____

BOOK 14 CLOSE READ Close Read Respond

1. Think about why Odysseus is telling Eumaeus this elaborate story. Through this plan of action, what traits does he display? Explain. 2. Reread the boxed text and visualize the imagery used to describe the setting. What does the imagery serve to emphasize?

3. What epithets does the soldier use to address Odysseus in the story?4. What quality does Odysseus attribute to himself in telling this tale? Cite specific details to support your answer.

5. Reread lines 31-33 and 39-46. What do you learn about how the ancient Greeks perceived their gods and ominous dreams? 6. Think about where else you have encountered a character like Eumaeus. What archetype does he represent? Explain.

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Item #3The Odyssey

Section I: Background (25 points)

1. According to legend, what started the Trojan War? (4 points)___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

____

2. What characters and plot events does the “Heroic Story of Odysseus” include? (3 points)___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

____

3. How did the gods play a part in the lives of humans? (3 points)___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

____

4. What two characteristics can we expect from an epic hero? (3 points)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What are two archetypes found in epics? (3 points) (1) ________________________________ (2) __________________________________

6. What are two themes among epics? (3 points)(1) ________________________________________________________________________________

_(2) ________________________________________________________________________________

_

7. What is a brief descriptive phrase (term) used to characterize a particular person or thing? For example, Odysseus is called “raider of cities.” (1 point) _____________________________

8. What is a reference to a famous person, place, or event? This can be a reference to the Bible, mythology, or to history. Name the term. (1 point) ______________________________

9. What is a comparison between two unlike things? For example, Hermes is described as “a gull patrolling between the wave crests of the delicate sea…” Name the term. (1 point) _______________________

10. What three different ways should we read The Odyssey? (3 points)(1) ____________________ (2) ________________________ (3)

_____________________________

Section II: Mythology

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(20 points)

11. In what ways do the gods play a part in the story of Perseus & Medusa? (5 points)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. Give two examples from myths where someone is punished by the gods. Name the mortals, the gods who intervene, the reason for punishment, and the punishment --- by the gods. (6 points)

Example #1:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Example #2: __________________________________________________________________________________

13. Why did Ajax commit suicide? (3 points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14. Why does Orpheus lose his wife in the Underworld? (3 points)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. How was Achilles invulnerable to weapons? (3 points)_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Section III: Understanding The Odyssey(50 points)

Questions #16-#20 are short answer responses. (10 points each) You should use several sentences to demonstrate that you understand the importance of the passage as well as Greek values and beliefs.

Book IV: The Red-Haired King and His Lady (10 points)16. Using the excerpt below, discuss what this passage reveals about the qualities valued in an epic hero.

“In my life I have met, in many countries,/foresight and wit in many first rate men,/But never have I seen one like Odysseus for steadiness and stout heart” (Lines 1-4)._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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Book VIII: The Songs of the Harper (10 points)17. Using the excerpt below, discuss what this passage reveals about Odysseus as a warrior?

“And Odysseus let the bright molten tears run down his cheeks,/ weeping [like] the way a wife mourns for her lord/ on the lost field where he has gone down fighting…(Lines 1-4)._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

18. Book I: A Goddess Intervenes (10 points)Using the excerpt below, discuss what this passage reveals about Greek beliefs concerning the gods and the part they play in the lives of men. *Note the two different speakers.

“‘*Are you not moved by this, Lord of Olympus?/Had you no pleasure from Odysseus’ offerings/beside the Argive ships, on Troy’s wide seaboard?’/ **‘…Could I forget that kingly man, Odysseus?/There is no mortal half so wise, no mortal gave so much to the lord of open sky’” (Lines 1-9)._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

19. Book II: A Hero’s Son Awakens (10 points)Using the excerpt below, discuss the Greek belief concerning the Code of Hospitality.

“No: these men spend their days around our house/ killing our beeves and sheep and fatted goats,/carousing, soaking up our good dark wine,/not caring what they do. They squander everything” (Lines 1-4)_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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20. Using the excerpt below discuss how Penelope reinforces the theme of loyalty. (10 points)

“...let me finish my weaving before I marry,/ or else my thread will have been spun in vain…./So every night she wove on the great loom--…” (Lines 22-23, 29). _______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

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Item #4

What does understanding “The Code of Hospitality” teach us about Greek culture and how do we see

these beliefs in The Odyssey?

Understanding the code of hospitality exposes today’s audience to the world of ancient Greece

and their values and beliefs. It was believed that when a guest came to your door you were expected to

welcome him into your home, offer him food and drink and anything else he might need to be ready to

continue his journey. The Greeks followed this practice because they believed that one of the gods

could visit them as a test and if they treated the guest impolitely, the punishment would be fierce—the

wrath of the gods was severe. We can see the code in both books 2 and 14. In book 2 the suitors

violate the code of hospitality with their excessive eating, drinking, laziness, and disrespect for

Odysseus’s family—something the gods would not look upon favorably. The opposite can be said of

Eumaeus, the swineherd in Ithaca. When Odysseus, disguised as a visitor, tests Eumaeus with the

story of the cloak, Eumaeus passes by offering his guest a blanket for warmth. Rather than blatantly

asking for the cover, Odysseus uses his story to see if Eumaeus will adhere to the code of hospitality.

Knowing the rules of this culture help us to understand why they behave a certain way and reminds us

that when we travel it is important to be familiar with different cultural beliefs.

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Item #5Writing Prompt Book V, The Odyssey

Using your chart from yesterday, in addition to referring back to Book V, write a well-thought out paragraph in which you discuss Odysseus’s conflict between staying with Calypso and what it offers, and his desire to return home.

Be sure that you include three quotes to support both sides of the argument. However, your quotes do not have to be lengthy; you can choose certain words and phrases to make your point.

Sentence #1: This sentence is a statement that demonstrates that you understand what Odysseus’s conflict is.

Sentences #2: This sentence should reveal one reason why Odysseus would be inclined to stay with Calypso. Sentence #3: With each of the textual examples you use, you should extend with another sentence that explains what about this is so enticing to Odysseus.

Sentences #4-5 These sentences are repeat of #2 and 3 but with an additional textual example. Sentences #6-7 These sentences are a repeat of #2 and 3 but with an additional textual example.

Sentence #8 is a statement that shows that you will now state how Odysseus’s long for home outweighs the temptation to stay with Calypso.

Sentences #9-14 are your three examples of his love for home, family, and country. You can extend your understanding of this by commenting on how even though Odysseus has been distracted for 7 years, he has never forgotten his real purpose.

The last sentence should be a concluding statement about how in life’s journey there’s always something standing in our way or interfering with our ability to reach the goal we established for ourselves.

**Remember that Odysseus is forced to stay with Calypso because he angered Poseidon, thus we understand how the gods intervene in the lives of humans. Second, his conflict also reveals to us qualities about him. Why would Calypso choose him of all people? Try to demonstrate through your response a true understanding of this story, this culture, and this time period.

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Example T-Chart:

Description Examples Lines 198-190

lines 274-275lines 414-415

lines 418-419lines 471-472lines 259-260

“We are survivors, these good men and I….”“My name is Nohbdy: mother, father and friends, everyone calls me Nohbdy..”

“I would not heed them in my glorying spirit, but let my anger flare and yelled…”“Tell him Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye…”“…but Zeus disdained my offerings..”“But you are mad, unbearable, a bloody monster!”

Odysseus lies to the Cyclops about his ships whereabouts thereby saving his men.Odysseus tells the Cyclops his name is Nohbdy, thereby saving himself from attack by other cyclops’.

Odysseus’ anger gets the best of him and he continues to taunt the Cyclops.Odysseus reveals himself to the Cyclops because he believes himself to be unstoppable.

Odysseus is no longer in Zeus’ favor because of his arrogant behavior and mistakes.Odysseus is taunting the Cyclops… a mistake.

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Item #6Writing Prompt: Book 9: New Coasts and Poseidon’s Son

Using your chart, in addition to the book, write a paragraph in which you discuss Odysseus’ dual nature: his cleverness as an epic hero and his mistakes as a human being. Make sure to include three quotes to support both sides of Odysseus’ dual nature. Feel free to paraphrase quotes but please include line numbers.

Sentence #1: This sentence should state the implications of Odysseus’ dual nature.Sentence #2: This sentence should explain the two sides of his nature and what they are.Sentence #3: With each example from the text you use, use another sentence to explain how it is an example of his dual nature.Sentence #4-5: These sentences should be like 2-3 but with an additional example form the text.Sentence #6-7: Repeat sentences 2-3 but with additional examples from the text.Sentence #8: A statement that shows that you will now state how Odysseus’ mistakes prolong his arrival home.Sentences #9-14: Your three examples of Odysseus’ mistakes which made Zeus turn his back on him and his journey lengthened, you can widen your understanding by commenting on how Odysseus used many clever tricks but his arrogance and pride overtook him.

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Item #7 Reading Guide- Book 9: New Coasts and Poseidon’s SonThe Cyclops:

1. What evidence in lines 59-67 suggest that the Cyclops are not respected by Odysseus?

2. Where did Odysseus and his crew land and feast before they decided to interact with the Cyclops?

3. Who are the “mainland natives” who may be “wild savages” that Odysseus refers to in lines 73-75?

4. What does Odysseus’ description of the Cyclops as a “shaggy mountain reared in solitude” imply about the Cyclops?

5. What items did Euanthes’ son, Maron, give to Odysseus for the kindness he showed him, his wife and child?

6. Why did Odysseus refuse to take the cheese and run like his men prompted him to do?

7. Why is it important that Odysseus “burnt an offering” before he took some cheese to eat?

8. What does Odysseus suggest to the Cyclops that his punishment will be if he does not give him help or any gifts?

9. Why does Odysseus’ lie about the location of his ship backfire?

10. What is the epithet for dawn that is repeated in line 211?

11. What does Odysseus pray to Athena for in line 223?

12. What do lines 225-243 suggest that Odysseus’ plan for harming the Cyclops?

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13. What is the first step in the plan to harm the Cyclops?

14. Why does Odysseus say his name is “Nohbdy”?

15. What is the Cyclops’ name?

16. Who is the Cyclops’ father?

17. Where does Odysseus tie himself in lines 340-345?

18. What reason does Odysseus give for beating the Cyclops?

19. What does the Cyclops do to hinder Odysseus’ escape in lines 395-400?

20. Why does Odysseus ignore the pleas of his men to stop teasing the Cyclops?

21. What does the Cyclops reveal after Odysseus tells him his real name?

22. What curse did the Cyclops place on Odysseus?

23. Does Zeus accept Odysseus’ offering? What does he have in store for Odysseus?

24. Odysseus and his men had their lives but not their __________________.

25. How did Odysseus bring all of the misfortune on himself?

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Item #8Book 11: The Land of the Dead

Background Notes--Identify the following: Who is Tiresias?

In the context of Book 11, what does “shade” mean?

Name and briefly describe the three regions of the Underworld:

1.

2.

3.

Active Reading Notes—Complete the following as you read the excerpt from “Land of the Dead”

1. How are the dead described in Line 1?

What literary device(s) do you notice with this description?

Explain why this is a suitable description of the dead.

2. What four rituals of offering and sacrifice does Odysseus promise and perform? Note: What is sacrificed, for whom, and why the offering is made.

(Lines 1-4) #1—

(Lines 5-16) #2—

(Lines 17-20) #3—

(Lines 50-56) #4--

3. List the souls that emerge out of Erebus. What words are used to describe the inhabitants of Erebus?

Review (Lines 10-23)—Record the images that appeal to your senses in these lines. What mood do these images create?

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4. Who is Death? Who is Persephone?

5. Why does Odysseus grow sick with fear?

6. Why must Odysseus remain crouched with sword drawn in a position of attack?

7. Who does Odysseus first encounter in the Underworld?

8. What are the circumstances of this comrade’s death?

9. What information does Odysseus learn from this first encounter?

10. What request does this “shade” ask of Odysseus? (see #4 question 2)

11. Who does Odysseus encounter next? What is Odysseus reaction?

12. Who is the Prince of Thebes?

13. Paraphrase Lines 68-71:

14. In the following sets of lines, indicate what Tiresias prophesizes for Odysseus:Lines: Make meaning of Tiresias’ prophesy, warnings, and *advice:

Lines 79-81

Lines 85-92

Lines 92-96

Lines 97-99

*Lines 105-113

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15. What information does Odysseus gain as he speaks to the shade of his mother?

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Item #9Book XII “The Sirens; Scylla and Charybdis

1. According to Circe, what happens to those who hear “the song of the Sirens”?

2. What does Circe suggest Odysseus do to protect his men?

3. What must Odysseus do if he wishes to hear the Siren’s song? Is this an epic hero quality or human?

4. The phrase “between a rock and a hard place” is often used to describe Odysseus episode with Scylla and Charybis. Why is this an accurate description?

5. What is Scylla?

6. What is Charybdis?

7. What advice does Circe give Odysseus in choosing which path to take?

8. What does Circe warn will happen if Odysseus and his men disturb the Sun God’s cattle?

9. Why does Odysseus choose not to tell his men the full story concerning what they must face? Do you agree with this decision? Why?

10. What simile is used to describe Scylla snatching six of Odysseus’s men? What do you see?

11. Why does Zeus destroy Odysseus’s ship?

12. Where is Odysseus now?

13. Does Odysseus exhibit epic hero qualities in these episodes or is he more human in his behavior? Explain your answer

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Item #10Part 2: The Homecoming

Books 16 & 17: Father and Son & The Beggar at the Manor

Task #1—As we listen to the first reading of Odysseus return to Ithaca, flag your textbook with post-its for instances and examples of loyalty. Remember that one of the epic themes is the idea of loyalty and how it is demonstrated through the episodes and characters of The Odyssey.

Task #2—Complete the close reading guide as you read these two books.

Task #3—Record the quotations you have marked with post-its in your journal (you’ve made a new t-chart, right?)—Evidence column. In the “Making Meaning” or Commentary column, record …

Close reading notes

1. What does King Alcinous and the Phaeacians provide Odysseus? (How does Odysseus reach Ithaca?)

2. What is Odysseus’ initial reaction when he arrives in his homeland?

3. In what three ways does Athena intervene immediately on Odysseus’ behalf when he returns to Ithaca?

4. Who else does Athena visit and assist? How and for what purpose?

5. Who is Eumaeus?

6. How does Eumaeus greet Telemachus?

7. Review lines 19-23. Identify the epic simile of Eumaeus’ reunion with Telemachus. To what is his reunion compared?

8. From your response in question #7, what theme is being developed here. Briefly explain.

9. Review lines 26-30. Where has Telemachus been? How do these lines indicate an epic setting?

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10. Why does Telemachus visit Eumaeus first when he returns to Ithaca?

11. What news does Eumaeus share with Telemachus?12. How do both Eumaeus and Telemachus honor the code of hospitality? (Lines 45-55)

13. What supernatural event is described in lines 61-67?

14. *Note the details used to describe both Odysseus and Telemachus in Book 16. Record words and phrases that vividly portray father and son.

Odysseus is described as…. Telemachus is described as…

15. What is Telemachus’ reaction to this transformation of his “guest”?

16. When Odysseus first reveals himself to Telemachus, how does his son respond?

17. What does Odysseus say to convince Telemachus of his identity?

18. Review lines 99-107. What striking character trait is emphasized in both Odysseus and Telemachus?

Character trait:Evidence Explanation

Evidence Explanation

19. What do Telemachus and Odysseus face as they return home? How do they prepare?

Book 17: Note how this excerpt also reinforces the theme of loyalty (or disloyalty). Mark examples…T-chart

20. Who is Argos?

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21. How does Odysseus feel about seeing Argos?

22. Why does Odysseus keep these feelings to himself and not share them with Eumaeus?

23. What is the dramatic irony in lines 28-41?

24. What becomes of Argos? (Note two examples of personification)

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Item #11Book XXI “The Test of the Bow” As you continue to read the final chapters in Odysseus “homecoming,” answer the questions for each book and record examples where the theme of loyalty is revealed.

1. What are the names of the two lead suitors?

2. What news does the beggar give Penelope regarding her husband?

3. What is the prize for the man who strings the bow and shoots an arrow through 12 axe handles?

4. What do lines 16-20 reveal about Penelope? What archetype is revealed in this description?

5. How does the beggar test Eumaeus’ and Philoetius’ loyalty to Odysseus?

6. What sign does Odysseus use to prove his identity?

7. Summarize Odysseus’s plan as revealed in lines 84-93.

8. What archetype do Eumaeus and Philoetius represent?

9. How do the suitors react to the beggar participating in the contest?

10. What is the epic simile used in lines 107-111? How effective is this simile in describing Odysseus’ qualities?

11. What sign is Odysseus given that tells him the gods are on his side?

12. What is Odysseus able to do that no one else could? Why do you think this was possible?

13. What image do you see in the final stanza of this book?

Book XXII: “Death in the Great Hall”

1. Who is the first to feel Odysseus’ wrath? Why do you think he is first?

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2. How do lines 7-13 add to the suspense and the irony of the situation?

3. Where does the arrow make its mark?

4. How does the description in lines 16-20 add to the impact of Odysseus’s revenge? Consider words that remind us that the suitors had been warned that they would be punished for violating the code of hospitality?

5. How do lines 30-33 illustrate the arrogance of the suitors?

6. How does Odysseus justify his actions?

7. How does Eurymachus attempt to convince Odysseus to end his revenge?

8. Why do you think that Odysseus refuses Eurymachus’ offer?

9. How does Eurymachus’ death compare to that of Antinous? Consider the impact of the verbs used in this passage (84-89).

10. In what way do the gods play a role in Odysseus revenge?1. 2. 3.

Book XXIII: “The Trunk of the Olive Tree”

1. How does Athena prepare Odysseus to meet Penelope?

2. What does Odysseus accuse Penelope of in lines 15-19? Why is this ironic?

3. How does Penelope trick Odysseus into revealing his true identity? How do her traits in this situation make her a perfect match for our epic hero?

4. How does Odysseus prove his identity to Penelope?

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5. How does Penelope justify her actions to Odysseus?

6. What epic simile is used in lines 83-89? How effective is this simile in capturing the emotion between Odysseus and Penelope?

7. What keeps the townspeople from getting revenge against Odysseus for the deaths of their family members?

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Item #12Prompt #3: LOYALTY

In Books 16-23, one theme that is repeated is that of “loyalty.” Write a paragraph where you discuss what Homer, the author of The Odyssey, seems to be saying about loyalty. Be sure that your paragraph discusses how these examples are a reflection of Greek beliefs as we see revealed in the epic.

Sentence #1: This sentence is a statement that demonstrates that you understand what the Greeks believe and value about loyalty, including the loyalty of spouses, loyalty between father and son, loyalty between master and servant, loyalty between master and hound, loyalty between men and the gods, and loyalty king to his country/countrymen.

Sentences #2: This sentence should reveal one example of loyalty. (This sentence should be the first leg that holds up your table top (quote)). Sentence #3: Using part of a quote (piece of evidence), write a sentence that illustrates the example you refer to in the previous sentence. Sentence #4: Now that you have used a part of the text, your next sentence should explain what is revealed through this example of loyalty. Try to extend this to include a statement that demonstrates what the Greeks believe about this character’s behavior.

Sentences 5-7 Repeats 2-4 but with your second example of loyalty.

Sentences 8-10 Repeats 2-4 but with your third example of loyalty.

The last sentence should be a concluding statement that demonstrates the importance of loyalty, trust, and faithfulness that provide Odysseus, as well as any other person who becomes lost in his journey, the hope that he can reach home, whatever home might represent.

Reminders: Use present tense. Quotes cannot stand alone; they need legs.

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Item #13 Final Test (Objective)

The OdysseyFinal Test

Using your scantron and a #2 pencil, answer the following questions. Please do not make any marks on this test.

1. What war was Odysseus fighting before The Odyssey begins?(a) the Athenean battles(b) the Greco-Roman War(c) The Pellopnisian War(d) The Trojan War.

2. Where was this battle located?(a) Ithaca(b) Greece(c) Troy(d) Crete

3. What was this battle over? (a) land(b) trade agreements(c) Helen(d) fishing rights

4. How was this battle finally won?(a) The Greeks burn the city to the ground(b) The Greeks trick their enemy with a horse(c) The Greeks go home(d) Achilles kills everyone.

5. How long was Odysseus fighting this battle? (a) 7 years(b) 1 year(c) 20 years(d) 10 years

6. How long was Odysseus lost at sea after the battle was over?(a) 20 years(b) 10 years(c) Months(d) 20 days

7. How long was Odysseus away from his home after leaving for war?(a) 10 years(b) 7 years(c) 20 years(d) 1 year

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8. Odysseus’ first adventure after leaving the battle was to what people?(a) Calpyso(b) Cicones(c) King Alcinous(d) Antinous

9. The actual written story of The Odyssey begins with what adventure?(a) Cicones(b) Calypso(c) Antinous(d) King Alcinous

10. Whose banquet hall did Odysseus arrive in after he left Calypso’s island?(a) the Laestrygonians(b) King Alcinous(c) Circe(d) Antinous

11. Odysseus is the king of what land?(a) Crete(b) Italy(c) Troy(d) Ithaca

12. Odysseus’ next adventure was with the laid-back people called the(a) Polyphemus(b) The Lotus Eaters(c) Apollo(d) Sirens

13. What race was Polyphemus a member of? (a) Laestrygonians(b) Sirens(c) Cyclopes(d) Scylla

14. Who was Polyphemus’ father?(a) Poseidon(b) Apollo(c) Zeus(d) Hades

15. How was Polyphemus punished? (a) He was killed(b) He was spanked(c) He was grounded(d) He was blinded

16. How did Odysseus escape Polyphemus?(a) Hiding under the sheep(b) Using his invisibility cloak(c) Crawling out a crack in the cave wall(d) Sneaking out at night

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17. Who does Odysseus anger when he hurts Polyphemus?(a) Athena(b) Zeus(c) Poseidon(d) Apollo

18. Whose island does Odysseus land on after his escape from Polyphemus?(a) Calypso(b) Circe(c) Phaecians(d) Cyclops

19. What does the witch do to Odysseus’s men?(a) Turns them into pigs(b) Feeds them(c) Eats them(d) Puts them to sleep for a year

20. Where does the witch send Odysseus for a prophecy? (a) To Calypso(b) The Land of the Dead(c) To the Laestrygonians(d) Home

21. Who provides Odysseus with his prophecy?(a) Tiresias(b) Athena(c) Circe(d) Calypso

22. What does Odysseus sacrifice to call forth the prophet’s spirit?(a) Sheep(b) Sailors(c) Chickens(d) Cows

23. What perilous journey must Odysseus navigate once he leaves the witch?(a) Apollo’s cattle(b) Scylla & Charybdis(c) Circe(d) the Cyclops

24. Who is the six-headed, 12-tentacled monster that eats six of Odysseus’ men?(a) Scylla(b) Polyphemus(c) Charybdis(d) Sirens

25. Who is the monster that would suck Odysseus’ ship down and kill all aboard?(a) Scylla(b) Poseidon(c) Charybdis(d) Argos

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26. What goddess intervenes on Odysseus’ behalf and begs for his release from Calpyso?(a) Helen(b) Zeus(c) Apollo(d) Athena

27. Once released from the sea nymph’s control, where does Odysseus show up next? (a) In the land of the dead,(b) at home(c) on his ship(d) at a banquet hall of the Phaecians

28. Who is the king of the Phaecians?(a) Agamemnon(b) Antinous(c) Alcinuous(d) Menelaus

29. Once Odysseus is released from his sea adventures, he starts to head home. Who is the first person he runs into in his own country?(a) Eurylochus(b) Eumaeus(c) Eurycleia(d) Eurmachus

30. What does Odysseus disguise himself as when he first arrives in his own country?(a) A servant(b) A knight(c) A King(d) A Beggar

31. Who has been away from home searching for Odysseus for a year?(a) Menelaus(b) Penelope(c) Aeolus(d) Telemachus

32. Who is the first character to recognize Odysseus, despite his disguise?(a) Argos(b) Alcinous(c) Penelope(d) Telemachus

33. Who was the head of the suitors?(a) Eurymachus(b) Eumaeus(c) Anti nous

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(d) Eurycleia

34. The goddess Athena advises Odysseus’ son to (a) remain at home(b) go in search of his father(c) disguise himself as a beggar

35. Odysseus proves his identity by explaining he made his ______ from a living tree.(a) a statue of Athena(b) his bed(c) his hearth

36. Who is the Goddess who changes Odysseus into a beggar?(a) Aphrodite(b) Calpyso(c) Athena

37. Who deceives suitors by pulling out woven strands from handwork?(a) Penelope(b) Eurycleia(c) Calpyso

38. Odysseus tells his men about the dangers from the Sirens, but he does not tell them about Scylla because (a) he wants them to understand the importance of keeping the wax in their ears. (b) he wants them to keep him tied up. (c) he thinks his men will abandon their oars if they know some of them will be snatched by Scylla.

39. In addition to loyalty, Odysseus is best known for his (a) intelligence(b) charity(c) cruelty(d) defiance of the gods.

40. Odysseus undergoes many trials in his quest to (a) regain his kingdom(b) return to his home and family(c) find the truth.

41. What is a brief descriptive phrase (term) used to characterize a particular person or thing?(a) allusion(b) epic(c) epithet

42. What is a reference to a famous person, place, or event? This can be a reference to the Bible, mythology, or to history. (a) allusion(b) epic

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(c) epithet

43. What is a comparison between two unlike things? (a) allusion(b) epic simile(c) epithet

44. What is a poem that tells about the adventures of a hero?(a) allusion(b) epic(c) epithet

45. Which of the following is not an archetype often found in an epic?(a) loyal servant(b) wicked temptress(c) faithful dog

46. Which of the following is not a theme of epics?(a) beauty(b) loyalty(c) kindness

47. Which of the following is not how can we read an epic?(a) as a poem(b) as an adventure story(c) as a history of a culture(d) as a comedy

48. Which belief is highlighted in the Cyclops episode?(a) loyalty(b) code of hospitality(c) burial rites

49. Which belief is not highlighted in the “Land of the Dead” episode?(a) burial rites(b) journey to the unknown(c) code of hospitality

50. Why does Odysseus punish the suitors rather than accepting restitution?(a) He is angry.(b) They dared to take his wife and position while he was still alive.(c) He is human and therefore arrogant.

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Item #14

Archetypes and the Archetypal Journey of a HeroArchetype

• A character, action, or situation that is a prototype, or pattern, of human life generally; a situation that

occurs over and over again in literature, such as a quest, an initiation, or an attempt to overcome evil. Many

myths contain archetypes.

● Two common types of archetypes involve plot and character.

Archetypal Characters

● Those that embody a certain kind of universal human experience

● Examples include the hero, the damsel in distress, the mentor, the monster

Characteristics of the Hero/Heroine

The hero or heroine • is inexperienced and gullible • meets monsters or monstrous men • has a strange wise

being as a teacher • is born and raised in a rural setting away from cities • has an origin that is mysterious or

loses his or her parents at a young age, being raised by animals or a wise guardian • returns to the land of his or

her birth in disguise or as an unknown • is tested to determine strength, persistence, and fortitude • faces danger

and suffers pain or sorrow • wins what he or she fights for/wants

The Hero’s Quest

The hero sets out on a journey that is both a physical movement from one place to another and an interior

journey in which the hero usually grows in wisdom, maturity or insight. On this journey, the hero will meet with

temptation, have obstacles to overcome, and have foes to vanquish. Often, the hero finds a "wise man" who helps

him to achieve his goal.

Performance Task DescriptionGoal      You will write an analysis explaining how Percy Jackson from The

Lightning Thief qualifies to be called a modern Epic Hero.Role      You’re the critic.

Audience      A group of learned professionals who need to be convinced to include Percy Jackson into this class.

Situation     You have been asked by your company to convince a group of individuals that Percy Jackson meets the criteria to be classified an Epic Hero.

Product/Performance      A persuasive essay that will be assessed with a rubric.

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Item #15

The Hero and The Quest Hero 1: Odysseus

Hero 2: Percy Jackson

Heroic Qualities

Motivation: How is the character prompted to go on the adventure? What motivates him/her to go?

Supernatural Element(s)

Guide/Mentor: Is there a specific character who helps the hero understand the life situation or provides the hero with special training?

Companions: Who is with the hero on his journey? How do these companions help the hero face the challenges?

Journey into the Unknown

Major Obstacles (This includes battles, monsters, etc.)

Near Death Experience

Return to Home:

Resolution: Since the hero typically begins the journey to resolve a problem, does it appear the problem is at last resolved so that all can live freely?Item #16

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Compare and Contrast Rubric Criteria Standards 4 3 2 1Opening ELA9W2a

Engages the interest of the reader.ELA9W2b

Formulates a coherent thesis or controlling idea.

Strong main idea/topic sentence is clear and

identifies how both Odysseus

and Percy Jackson

compare as epic heroes.

Adequate main idea/topic sentence

identifies how both Odysseus

and Percy Jackson

compare as epic heroes.

Main idea/topic sentence is include and

doesn’t address how both

Odysseus and Percy Jackson

compare as epic heroes

Main idea/topic sentence is not

evident.

Organization ELA9W2dFollows an

organizational pattern appropriate

to the type of composition.

Well developed essay with a

clear and logical format.

Generally well organized with a clear and logical

format.

Some evidence of planning and organization.

Lacks planning and organization.

Support ELA9W2cCoherently develops the controlling idea and/or supports the

thesis by incorporating

evidence from both sources.

Includes 3 or more well developed

examples or reasons for

similarities or differences.

Includes at least 2 examples or

reasons for each similarity or difference.

Includes at least 1 example or reason

but some information may not be accurate.

Provides little, if any, support for

each similarity or difference.

Conclusion ELA9W2eAttains closure (i.e.,

by including a detailed summary of

the main points, restating the thesis,

generalizing the thesis, or controlling

idea.

States a thoughtful or

logical conclusion based on

similarities or differences.

States a conclusion based on

similarities and differences.

Conclusion is evident but does not draw on any similarities or differences.

No evidence of a conclusion.

Basic Writing Conventions

ELA9C2The student

demonstrates understanding of manuscript form,

realizing that different forms of

writing require different formats.

Contains few, if any, spelling,

punctuation, or grammatical

errors.

Contains several errors in

punctuation, spelling or

grammar that do not interfere

with meaning.

Contains many errors in

punctuation, spelling and/or grammar that interfere with

meaning.

Contains many errors in

punctuation, spelling, and/or grammar that

make the essay hard to

understand.

Process ELA9W4 The student practices both timed and

process writing and, when applicable, uses the writing

process to develop, revise, and evaluate

The writer has a draft of each

section and makes changes as the teacher

provides feedback.

There is clear

The writer has a draft of each section and

makes changes as the teacher

provides feedback.

However, there

The writer is missing at least

one section of the drafting process.

The revision process has been attempted, but

there is evidence

The writer has not kept up with

drafts and therefore has not

been able to participate fully in the revision

process.

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writing. The studenta. Plans and drafts independently and

resourcefully.b. Revises writing to

improve the logic and coherence of the

organization and controlling perspective.

c. Revises writing for specific

audiences, purposes, and formality of the

contexts.d. Revises writing to sharpen the precision of word choice and

achieve desired tone.

evidence that revision has taken place.

is some evidence that more revision

time was necessary.

that much revision is still needed.

Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______________________________Total Score: ___________

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Additional Resources:http://memyselfandithatsrightitsodysseus.blogspot.com/2008_03_01_archive.htmlThis is a site where a teacher appears to have had her students create a blog entry for each of the episodes, including a picture. http://www.englishare.net/literature/POL-HS-Odysseus-Homecoming.htmThis is a good site to provide students with a short overview of books from the second half of The Odyssey: Odysseus’ homecoming. http://www.mythweb.com This site provides a short summary of all the books of The Odyssey, so teacher can decide how much of The Odyssey they want students to be familiar with. Podcasts are located at www.screencast.comThe CylcopsSirens, Scylla & CharybdisThe Sun God’s CattleHomecoming for Odysseus

Print Resources:Stewart, Diana. The Odyssey: Selected Adventures by Homer. Milwaukee: Raintree Publishers, 1980. Print.Storr, Catherine. Odysseus and the Enchanters. Milwaukee: Raintree Publishers, 1985. Print.

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