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Empire Colour Repro

2

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VOW

AddressHlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing

HouseHead Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar Info-

Tech,Hlaing Ts, Yangon.

Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St,Kyauktada Ts, Yangon.

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] ]avmuvlom;wk d YtwGuf ?

jrefrmwkd YtwGuf wefzkd; te*¢xkdufwef

vSaom tarGwkdYukd o,fykd;xdef;odrf;&ef

wm0ef&SdolawG? vufqifhurf;í jynfhjynfhpkHpkH

ay;a0&rnfhwm0efukd ausyGef Mu&rnfhol

awG\ pdwf"mwf? pm&dwå? usifhokH;rI? avmu

tjrifonf 10 pkESpfrsm;pGmtwGif; rsm;pGmyif

avsmh& JysufpD;aeygayg hvm;}}[k ol&J& J

wnfhwnfhjrifvkdufrdonfwGif rsm;pGmwkefvIyf

oGm;onf/

b0awG acwfrDzkdY? wkd;wufzkdY?

vSyzkdY rdrdwkdY\ vkdtif ukdom uGufMunfhNyD;

BudK;yrf;Mu&if;? twå? rme? 'd|dwkdY BuD;pkd;cJh

Muaom olESifh olwkdYrsKd;quf\ wm0efrJhrIukd

olBuD;pGm aemifw& aerdonf/ oifcef;pm

,lzkdYaumif;avpG[k olcHpm;onf/

tESpfwpf&mausmf ukdvkdeDEkdifiH

wpfEkdifiH\ vlom;b0? uRefb0 jzwfoef;

cJh&csdef? 0g'awG? tawG;tac:ykHazmfrIawG?

vGwfvyfa&;tBudKumvESifh vGwfvyfNyD;

acwfpepftaxGaxG ? olE k di fuk d,fE k di f

tNyd Ki f BuJrIawG? qk d;arGaumif;arGawG?

rsufarSmuf umvowif;acwf? aps;uGuf

pD;yGm; txd/

Nidrf;csrf;OD;\ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESifh yxrykdif;rS

aumufEkwfcsuf

ukd,fusKd;csnf; rMunfhMuygrS

4

"r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

FORE ARTICLES

(u)

vlawGrSm yg;pyf[mtpm;tpmrsm;

pm;aomufzdkY&efomr[kwf/ pum;ajymqdkEdkif

&eftwGufyg obm0u ay;tyfxm;onf/

pum;ajym&ef vdktyfojzifh ajymqdkaeMu&jcif;

jzpfonf/ odkYpum;ajymjcif;ESifh ywfoufí

owdxm;p&m rSwfom;p&mawGajrmufjrm;pGm

&Sdayonf/ pum; pum; ajymygrsm;-pum;xJu

Zmwd jy/ Mur f ;uR HvQi fE Iw fí&onf/

pum;uRHvQifEIwfír&/w&m;rSmowd pum;rSm

uwd/EIwfcsdK oQdKwpfyg;/EIwfaumif;awmh jynfpdk;

r ke f ;apvd kvnf ; E Iw fcr f ;vufE Sp fouf

cspfapvd kvnf; EIwfcrf;vufESpfopf...

pojzif h pum;ESif h ywfqufaomeDwdawG

tqdktrdefYawGrsm;pGm&Sdacsonf/

pum;tajymtqdkvGefjcif; uRHjcif;

Murf;wrf;jcif;ponfESifh ywfoufí jzpf&yf

om"uawGrsm;pGmxJrS? owdxm;p&m jzpf&yf

wpfckudk wifjycsifygonf/

A k' ¨b k&m;& Si fvufxufawm fu

jzpfonf/omoemwGif aumumvdu &[ef;

[lí &SdcJhonf/aumumvdu ESpfyg;&Sdonf/

plVaumumvduESifh r[maumumvduwdkYjzpf

onf/plVaumumvduonf t&Sifa'0'wf\

wynf h jzp fonf/r[maumumvduum;

jA[®P tEG,fzGm;&[ef;wpfyg;jzpfonf/,ck

r[maumumvdu taMumi f ;a jymrnf

jzpfonf/

aumumvdu&[ef;onf aumum

vduolaX;\ om;jzpfonf/zcifolaX;u

ausmif;aqmufvSLxm;onf/ ausmif;trnfu

aumumvduausmif; ausmif;xdkifyk*¾dKvfu

vnf; OD;aumumvdu jzpfavonf/ aumum

vduausmif;onf rZÑdra'oe,fy,f aumum

vduwdkif; aumumvduNrdKUwGif wnf&Sdygonf/

t*¾om0u ESpfyg;jzpfMuaom t&Sif

om&dykwå&mESifh t&Sifr[marm*¾vmefwdkYonf

"r®' lwc&D; a'opm&D <ucs Dawmfr l Mu&if;

aumumvduausmif;wGif tm*EÅKutjzpf

wnf; ckdaeMuonf/ aumumvduausmif;wGif

0guyfawmfrlMuNyD; oDwif;0gvuRwfaomtcg

jyef <uawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; ausmif;xd ki f

fudk,fawmfudk yefMum;Muonf/

xdktcg-ausmif;xdkifOD;aumumvdu

vnf; ]]t&SifwdkY.. wpf&ufwmrQ qdkif;iHhawmf

rlMuygOD;}}t*¾om0uBuD;ESpfyg;udk avQmufxm;

umNrdKUwGif;odkY <uNyD; 'g,um 'g,umrrsm;tm;

vIHUaqmfavawmhonf/

] ]t d k -'um 'umrtaygi f ;wd k Y

ig\ausmif;wGif tausmfa',s t*¾om

0u BuD;ESpfyg;wdkY[m aemufyg&[ef;oHCm

rsm;E Si f htwl 0guyfawm fr lc J h Muonf/

oifwdkYonf BuHKawmifhBuHKcJ? BuHK&cJ? zl;&cJ

aom rax&fBuD;wdk Ytm; vma&mufzl;awYG

Mu qGr f ;wpfey fr QuyfvS L&aumif ;r Se f ;

rodMuavpGwum;/ ,ck rax&fjrwfBuD;

rsm;jyef <uawmhrnf vma&mufqGrf;uyf

MuvSL'gef;Mu ]]vIHYaqmfwdkufwGef; csuf twdkif;

'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYonf qGrf;ouFef; paom

vSLz G,f0w¬K tpkp kwd k Y jzi f h vma&mufvSL

'gef;Muavonf/ OD;aumumvduausmif;wGif

ya'omyif aygufvmouJhodkY &Sdavonf/

(c)

ya'omypönf; 0w¦Krsm;udk jrifawGY

aomtcg OD;aumumvdu avmbaZmuyf

vmonf/t*¾om0uBuD;rsm;onf þypönf;

0w¦Krsm;udk ,lrnfr[kwf? ightm;omvQif ay;cJh

ayvdrfhrnf [lí arQmfvifhxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif

rSef;csufESifhESrf;xGufrudkuf [laompum;uJhodkY

OD;aumumvduarQmfvifhovdk jzpfrvmay/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf t*¾om0uBuD;ESpfyg;wdkY

onf ypönf;0w¦Krsm;udk tvSLrcH,lbJ zJ<uoGm;

Muavownf;/

xkdtcg ausmif;xdkifOD;aumumvdu

onf ]]udk,fwdkifvnf;tvSLcHroGm; ightm;vnf;

ay;rxm;cJh b,fvdk udk,fawmfawGvJ }}[laom

pdwftusdwftcJjzpfum usefcJhavonf/rax&f

BuD;ESpfyg;wdkYudk &efNidK;zGJYrdavawmhonf/

(*)

aemufwp f Bu dr f aumumvdu

ausmif;od k Y t*¾omwmrax&f BuD;E Sp fyg;

<ua&mufvmjye fonf/ þtcgwGi fr l

rax&fBuD;ESpfyg;wdkYu vl'g,um 'g,dumr

rsm;apwem o'¨gw&m;tavsmufvma&muf

vSL'gef;Muaom qGrf;?ouFef;?wifvJ paom

tvSL0w¦Krsm;udk tvSLcH,lawmfrlMuonf/

þwGifausmifxdkifyk*¾dKvf OD;aumum

vdu\ ESvHk;om;xJwGif pl;0ifaecJhaom&efNidK;

onf jyefay:vmNyD; ol\ &ifrSpum; rauseyf

csufrsm;udk zGifhtefxkwfaz: avawmhonf/

] ]ig&Si fwd k Y-oifwd k Yum; xd kpOfu

tvdkenf;oa,mifa,mif [efaqmifMuNyD;

vS Lz G,fyp önf ;awGud k vufrc HbJa& Smi f

o G m ;c J h Muonf/,c kwp fze ftvS Lc H&e f

j ye f <uvm Muonf/tvd k &r ®u favmb

BuD;rm;vSaom ygybdu©LBuD; awGygvm;}}

ausmif;xdkifaumumvduonf þodkY

apmfum;jypfrSm;aompum;rsm;jzifh rax&fBuD;

ESpfyg;udk pGyfpGJ½HkrQru þtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk

b'b'b'b'b'´´ ´´ ´ EEEEEÅZÅZÅZÅZÅZeeeeedd dd dEEEEE´´ ´´ ´ooooommmmm& (rHk&GmaeZm)& (rHk&GmaeZm)& (rHk&GmaeZm)& (rHk&GmaeZm)& (rHk&GmaeZm)

5

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/

FORE ARTICLES

Ak'¨*Dwdum(½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)

q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&

Ak'bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm;ygavownf;

] ] j rw fp G mb k&m ; -om& dy kw åE S i f h

arm*¾vmefwdk Yonf &[ef;wefrJh tvdkqdk;&S d

Muonf/avmb&r®ufBuD;Muygbd bk&m;...

]]aumumvdu-oif þodkYrqdkvifh/

om&dykwåESifharm*¾vmefwdkYonf oifxifouJhodkY

r[kwfay?oDvudk cspfjrwfEd k;olrsm;jzpfMu

ukef\? oifhpdwfudk jyifavmh pdwfaumif;xm;

avmh}}

þodk Y Ak'¨bk&m;u wm;jrpfaomf

vnf; r&ay/ aumumvduonf Ak'bk&m;wm;

jrpfaeonfhMum;u oHk;Budrfwkdifwdkif pGyfpGyfpGJpGJ

twifh&JpGmavQmufwifaeonf/bk&m;&Sifu

vnf; oHk;BudrfvHk;wm;jrpfawmfrlcJh onf/

(C)

aumumvduonf ol\ rauseyf

csufrsm;udk Ak'¨bk&m;tm; oHk;Budrf avQmuf

xm; Ny D ; aZw0e fausmi f ;tjyi fbufod k Y

ra&mufrDrSmyif ol\cE¨mudk,frSrkefnif;aph

avmuf t&G,frSpNyD; zefcg;oD;cefYBuD;rm;aom

tzktydefYrsm; tyfcsp&mrusefatmif tESH

tjym; xGufay:vmavownf;/aumumvdu

\ udk,frS tzktydefYrsm; aygufuGJum aoG;rsm;

jynfrsm; wpfud k,fvH k; tES H U ayusHaeNyD;

aum"0*f-trsuftkyfpk

a&m[deD cwdå,unm 0w¬K

Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf uydv0wfjynf

edaj*m"m½Hkausmif;awmfüaeawmfrlaomtcg

a&m[deD(rnfaom) rif;orD;onf ElempGJí &Suf

aomaMumihf armifawmfjzpfaom tEk½k'grax&f

xH rvm0Hhonfudk ac:apí Z&yfaqmufvkyf

jcif;ukokdvfudkjyKyg[k wdkufwGef;\/ a&m[deD

vnf; Z&yfaqmufNyD;vQif bk&m;trSL;&Sdaom

oHCmudkyihfí qGrf;vkyfauR;\/ bk&m;&Sifonf

a&m[deDudk ac:awmfrlí oifonf a&S;tcgü

Am&mPoDrif;BuD;\ rdzk&m;jzpfaomb0u

armif;ri,fwpfa,mufud k trsufxGufí

,m;apwwfaomtrIjzihfjyKí ESdyfpufcJhzl;aom

aMumihf þa&m*gjzpfonf/ rme a'goudk

y,ftyfonfomwnf;[k rdefYawmfrlí ]aum"H

Za[ 0dyÜZa[,srmeH} paom *gxmud k

a[mawmfrl\/ a&m[deDvnf; Elemaysmufuif;

a&Tqif;&Sdum aomwmyefjzpfavonf/

aum"H Za[ 0dyÜZa[,s rmeH?

oHa,mZeH oAÁrwduúar,s/

wH emr½lyo®droZÆrmeH?

tudÍöeH emEkywEÅd 'ku©m/

jrefrmuAsm

pdwfqdk;rmefnpf pGefYypfy,fcGm?

oHa,mZOfvHk; oufqHk;y,fyg?

emrf½kyfw&m; ESpfyg;üom?

ruyfNid r&SdaMumihfMuyg?

xdkolyJ qif;&Jra&muf&m/

One should give up anger; oneshould abandon pride; one should over-come all fetters. Ills never befall him whoclings not to mind and body and is pas-sionless.pum;ajy/ / trsufa'go

rmefrmeudkpGefYy,f&m\/ tvHk;pHkaom oHa,m

ZOfudk vGefajrmuf&m\/ emrf½kyfw&m;ü rwG,f

wm ruyfNid om,mjcif;r&Sd? aMumihfMujcif;

vnf;r&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfokY d qif;&J'ku©wdk Yonf

b,faomtcgrS rusa&mufukef/

jrifraumif;atmifyifjzpfav awmhonf/

þodkYjzihfqdk;&Gm;aom a0'emrsm;udk cHpm;um

aZw0efausmif;wHcg;0teD;wGif wpfnMum

oGm;NyD/

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q&mjzpfcJ hzl;aom wk½ktrnf&S d jA[®mBuD;

a&mufvmum aumumvdutm; qHk;rav

onf/ pdwfxm;jyif&ef rax&fjrwfBuD;ESpfyg;

tay: rjypfrSm;&ef ajymaomfvnf; aumum

vdu remcH½HkrQru jA[®mBuD;udkyif udk,fhtjypf

udk rjrifol[k qdkvdkufacsao;onf/

aumumvduonf xd knrSmyi f

aZw0efausmif;wHcg;0wGif r½IrvSb0ed*Hk;csKyf

cJh\/ olonf t*¾om0uBuD;ESpfyg;wdk Ytm;

"g;rESif h wlaom vQmjzihfjypfrSm;apmfum;cJh

aomaMumihf oufwrf;tvGef&Snfvsm; pGmcH

&aom y'kri&JodkYusoGm;avawmhownf;/

&[ef;wdkYonf rdrdudk,fudk vQmwnf;

[laom udk,fykdif"g;jzifh ckwfowfí Zmwfodrf;

oGm;aom aumumvdu\ b0udk oHa0*yGm;

umaeMuavonf/

(udk;um;=o*gxm0*¾oH,kwf wk½kjA[®okwfESifh

aumumvduokwf)

rkH&GmaeZm

"r®0D&onf Ak"\ ax&0g'"r®w&m;ppf w&m;rSef

xGef;um;&efjzpfonfhqkdonfh cH,lcsufESifhtnD

vdIifMunfjzL"r®0D&pmaywkdufESifh 'D*spfw,fpmMunfhwkdufrS2009 ckESpf? rwfvtwGif; jzefYcsdxkwfa0vkdufNyD

1/ "r®0D&\ "r®oHpOfrsm; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESihf wuúodkvfoQifoD&d)

2/ jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;ESihf yxrydkif; (Nidrf;csrf;OD;) ('kwd,tBudrf)

3/ q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmif\ pmayaumufEkwfcsufpmpk ("r®y')

(Nidrf;csrf;OD;ESifh pkd;jrifhvwf)

4/ Ak'¨,Ofaus;rI&wem t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

5/ olawmfaumif;wkdYtvSLay;enf; t&SifoDvmpm&(zm;uefY)

6"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES

&SifÓP(zsmyHk)

edrdwf[laom a0g[m&rSm edrdwå-

[laom ygVdpum;rS qif;oufvmaom jrefrm

a0g[m&pum;jzpf\/ ygVdawmfo'goabmt&?

aumif;usdK;? qdk;usdK;ESpfrsdK;teuf wpfrsdK;rsdK;

jzpfay:vdrfhrnf[k odrSwfp&mtaMumif;? tod

ÓPfjzpfay:&eftaMumif;udk -edrdwå-[líedrdwå

o'gu a[mayonf/ ,if;edrdwåo'g- edrdwf

pum;t&qd kvQif aumif;aomtaMumif;

aumif;aomedrdwf? raumif;aomtaMumif;?

raumif;aom edrdwf ponhfESpfrsdK;pHkyif t"dyÜm,f

aumuf,lEdkif&m taumif;aomtaMumif;udk

'kEédrdwå-[k ac:NyD; aumif;aomtaMumif;udk

edrdwå-edrdwf[k ac:qdkavonf/

avmuDvlom;rsm; todtrSwfjyK

oHk;pGJavh&SdaomtaMumif;edrdwfig;rsdK;&Sdonf/

xdktaMumif;edrdwf ponhfig;rsdK;rSm wdwf? edrdwf?

waygif? penf;? ba0g-paom a0g[m&pum;

trSwftom;ig;rsdK;yifjzpfonf/ ,if;pum;ig;rsdK;

wdkY\ xl;jcm;yHkESifhywfoufNyD; ]]rsufjrifedrdwf?

wdwfrSmvufaqmif? toHrSmwaygif;}} [k

twdkaumufrSwfom;xm;Mu\/ rSwfom;oHk;pGJ

Muaom t"dyÜm,f\oabmrSm...?

(1) eHeuftdyf&mrS xpOf rsufpdudk

zGifhMunhf&m? aumif;aomt&mudkjrifvQif? xdkaeY

onf edrdwfaumif;aomaeY? raumif;aom

tjcif;t&mudkjrifvQif? xdkaeYonf edrdwfraumif;

aomaeY[k rsufpdjzihfjrif&mudk taMumif;jyKvsuf

]edrdwf} [lí ac:qdkMuonf/

(2) wdwf- [laompum;udk ]twdwf}

[kvnf; ac:qdkoHk;pGJMu\/ ]twdwf} [k oHk;pGJ

ac:aomfvnf; þt&mü vGefcJhaom]twdwf

umv} udk &nfñTef;onfr[kwf? vufaqmifudk

ac:aom ]twdwf} a0g[m&pum;omjzpfonf/

rdwfaqGrsm;u rdrdxHay;ydkYvdkufaomvufaqmif

onf ]wdwf} odkYr[kwf ]twdwf} rnfayonf/

,if;vufaqmifypönf;onf rdrdESpfoufaom

vufaqmifypönf;jzpfvQif ]twdwf} aumif;

onf/ rdrdrESpfoufaomypönf;jzpfaevQif

]twdwfraumif;} [k ajymqdkoHk;pGJavh&SdMu\/

xdkoabmudk ]twdwf} [kac:qdkayonf/

obifonf? ol½l;? uav;oli,fwdkY\

EIwfzsm;rS ay:xGufay:vmaom oDcsif;qdkoH?

taMumif;wpfpHkwpf&majymqdkoH? [pfatmfoH

wdkYonf wrifem;raxmifaomfvnf; Mum;&aom

toHjzpfí ]waygif} [k ac:qdkMuNyD; twdwf

edrdwfaumuf,lMuonf/

olwpfyg;wdkY ajymqdkaeaompum;udk

acsmif;íem;axmifrS Mum;od&aomtoHudk

]penf;} [kac:onf/ xdkoabmt&axmufí

olwpfyg;wdk Y\ tBuHESih ftaumif;tqdk;udk?

udk,fwdkifod&SdvdkvQif wrifwum acsmif;ajrmif;

NyD; em;axmif&onf/ ,if;udk ]penf;em} onf[k

oHk;pG J Mu\/ rCa'0vuFmopfusrf;ü. .

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zGJUqdkjyxm;\/ oabmteufum; ]penf;ESifh

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ae&yf\ awmifbufrS Mum;&aomtoHonf

]penf;}jzpfí ajrmufbufrS Mum;&aomtoH

onf ]waygif} jzpfonf[k qdkayonf/

ewfrsm;u yl;0ifajymqdkaomtaMumif;

t&mudkum; ]ba0g} [k ac:onf/ xdktaMumif;

udk xif&Sm;ap&ef rCa'0vuFmopfusrf;ü

]jynfedrdwfESih f? twdwfba0g? ewfajymjy

aqmif} [lí vuFmzGJUqdkjyawmf rlcJh\/ þuJhodkY

twdwf? edrdwf? waygif? penf;? ba0g..[lí

trsdK;rsdK; ac:a0:oHk;pG J NyD; twdwfaumif;?

edrdwfaumif; awmif;wcJhaom"avhrSm pmqdk

awmft&Sifr[moDv0Ho- wd k Yacwfuyif

acwfpm;cJhayonf/

xdkYaMumifhvnf; t&Sifr[moDv0Ho

u ygVdawmfü ]edrdwf} [líom wpfrsdK;wnf;

a[mMum;xm;aomaMumihf twdwf? edrdwf?

waygif? penf;? ba0g[lí txl;cGJjcm;&ef rvdk

aom tcsufjyqdkvdkojzihf oloDuHk;zGJUqdkcJhaom

yg&rDawmfcef;ysdKUpmrsufESm (30^32) wdkYwGif

xnhfoGif;zGJqdkawmfrlcJh\/ ]]þonhfajrvnf;

½dkaovSpGm? MuifemoH[D;? awmfwnhfvnf;\?

penf;þodkY? tHhbG,fNrdKUvnf;? igwdkYjrifukefvkduf

vsufwnf;../} } [lívnf;aumi f ;..?

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aom olYtjrift,ltqudk t&Sifr[moDv0Hoç

u yg&rDawmfcef;ysdKUü zGihfqdkjycJhayonf/

twdwf? edrdwfESihfywfoufaom t,l

tjrifrSm Ak'¨tavmif;awmf awGUBuHKcJh&aom

edrdwfBuD; (32)yg;taMumif; bk&m;jzpfawmfrl

aomtcg jyefvnfa[mMum;awmfrl&mrSyif

pwifí twdwfpum;? edrdwfpum;awGudk rSwf

om;usih foH k;vmMujcif;jzpfayonf/ xkdod k Y

rSwfom;usihfoHk;cJhMuonfqdkaomfvnf; rsuf

arSmufumv vltrsm;pkrSm twdwf? edrdwf rSef

atmif aumufwwfolum; tvGefyif&Sm;ayvdrfh

rnf/

pifppf twdwf? edrdwfaumif;jzpfzdkY

qd konfrSm udk,fusih fw&m;aumif;olrsm;

om aumi f ;aome dr dw f ? aumi f ;aom

twdwfud k jrifawGUcGi f h&&S dE d ki f Murnfjzpf

onf/ udk,fusihf w&m;raumif; vQifum;

aumif;aomtwdwf? aumif;aomedrdwf

jrifawGU&&S dE d ki f Murnfr[kwfbJ 'kEé dr dwå=

raumi f ;aom? twdwfqd k ; ? e dr dw fqd k ;

rsm;om jrifawGUc Hpm;Mu&rnfjzpfonf?

twdwfaumif;? edrdwfaumif;awGUjrifcHpm;?

pHpm;vdkMuygvQif? twdwfaumif;? edrdwfaumif;

udk tm;udk; jyK &SmazGMunhf½Iaeí r&Edkifyg/

rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkifu twdwf? edrdwfaumif; atmif

jyKrlaexdkifoGm; MurnfqdkvQif aeYpOfaeYwdkif;

=twdwf? edrdwf aumif;aernf[k ,HkMunfrIudk

tm;jyKae oihfMuayonf/ /

usrf;ñTef;- r[mAk'¨0if

tEl'DyeDusrf;/

&SifÓP (zsmyH k)

7

"r®0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/


wuúodkvfoQifoD&d("r®mp&d,? B.A)

Ak'¨a*gwr\ pMu0Vm(urÇm)tjrif

,ciftywfrStquf

*sufz&Donf aemufydkif;wGif þurÇm

aeBuD;teD;odkY aeBuD;wpfvHk; csOf;uyfvmcJhonf

[laom t,ltqudkpGefYvTwfum aeBuD;onf

aeESihf OD;aqmifcsOf;uyf½Hkomru aeESihfxdonf

txd csOf;uyfvmum yGwfwdkufoGm;cJhjyefonf/

odkY&mwGif N*dK[frsm;jzpfay:vmyHkudkrl rlvu

wifjyxm;onfhtwdkif;yif wifjyxm;onf/

tcsdKUeu©wfq&mwkdYu wdkuf'JoDtkd&D

(Tidal Theory) enf;wlyif a&S;ya0oPDtcg

u tjcm;aewpfpi f ;onf þurÇm& S d

aetem;odkY csOf;uyfvmNyD;aemuf aerS"mwfcdk;

"mwfaiGUwdkYudk qGJxkwfoGm;onf/

xGufvmaom "mwfcdk;"mwfaiGUwdkY

onf wjznf;jznf;tylcsdefavsmhoGm;aomtcg

ao;i,faomtpd ki ftcJuav;rsm;tjzpf

cGJxGufMuonf/

xdktcJuav;rsm; wpfzef wjznf;

jznf; jyefvnfpk½Hk;rdNyD;aemuf N*dK[frsm;jzpfay:

vmMuonf/ tcJuav;rsm; tcsif;csif; wpfck

csif; wpfckwdkufrdMu&mrS &&Sdvmaom tyl&Sdef

rSm xdktcJuav;rsm;udk t&nfaysmfapí

aygif;pnf;oGm;apEkdifavmufatmif jyif;xef

onf[k qdkygonf/

(xdkoDtdk&Dudk yvef;eufwufpDr,f

[dkufaygY oDqpf (Planetesimal hypo The-

sis) [kac:ygonf)

tdyf(csf) qif(ef)&yfqJ(vf) url

] a e avmu f & S d aom

Mu,fwpfvHk;onf aeESihfwdkuf

rdonf? xd kod k Ywd kufrdaom

aMumih f Ny d KysufoGm;aom

tyd kif;tprsm;rS N*d K[frsm;

jzpfay: vmjcif;jzpfonf}

[líwifjycJhygonf/

aumi f ;ui f r S m j ri f

&aom Mu,fwdkYwGif vHk;csif;

Mu,fawG&Sdovdk ESpfvHk;pDwGJ

aeaom Mu,fpHkwGJrsm;vnf;

&S dygonf/ xdk Mu,fpH kwG Jwd k Y

onf wpfpif;ud k wpfpif;

ywf Ny D ;vSnh faeMu onf/ xd k Mu,fwd k Y\

tuGmta0;onf trs K d ; r s K d ;& S dy gonf/

tcsd KU Mu,fpH kwG Jonf wpfpif;ESih f wpfpif;

tvif;a&mifESpf wpfESpf\ 1^10 yHkavmuf

a0;onf/ tcsdKUonf tvif;a&mif rD;epf\

tpdwftydkif;wpfydkif;avmufom a0;yg onf/

aeBuD;onf tpyxrü Mu,fpHkwGJ

jzpfonf/ xdkaeESihfwGJaeaom Mu,fBuD;onf

olESihf tvif;a&mif (1)em&Davmufa0;onf/

xdkMu,fBuD;onf aexufBuD;onf ywfaeus

twdkif; aeudk ywfNyD;vSnhfaeonf/

wpfaeYwGif xdkMu,fBuD;onf tBuD;

tus,faygufuGJoGm;aomaMumihf jzpfay:vm

aom tvif;a&mifBuD;onf Mu,foef;aygif;

10000 avmufu xGufaeaom tvif;a&mif

avmufyifvif;ygonf/ xdktvif;a&mifBuD;udk

aumif;uifrSm &ufaygif;tawmfMumjrifae&yg

onf/

Mu,fBuD;aygufuGJ&mu xGufay:vm

aom tydkif;tpcyfrsm;rsm;onf aeESihftvGef

a0;uGmaom tmumoBuD;xJrSm wpfem&Dudk

rdkifaygif; oef;aygif;rsm;pGmoGm;aeaom t&Sdef

t[kefBuD;jzihf vGihfpifukefMuonf/ "mwfaiGU

tpdwftydkif; tcsdKUavmufom ae\ teD;tem;

rSmusef&pfcJhonf/

xdkusef&pfcJhaom "mwfaiGUrsm;onf

yef;uefjym;0dkif;BuD;uJhodkY aeudk awmfawmfMum

MumywfcsmvSnhfaeMuonf/ ESpfy&dapä'tawmf

Mumaomtcg xdk"mwfaiGUrsm;onf tydkif;ydkif;

jywfxGufMuonf/

xdk"mwfaiGUtydkif;BuD;rsm;rS urÇmvHk;

t&G,favmufa&mufatmif rlvN*dK[frsm;onf

ESpfaygif; oef;aygif; (1000) avmufMumonf/

xdkYaemuf j'yfqGJtm; t&Sdefwdk;vmaomaMumihf

rlvN*dK[frsm;onf N*dK[fBuD;rsm;t&G,fxd a&muf

atmif ESpfaygif; (100000)avmuf Mumjrihf

awmhonf/

olwdkY\ 0if½dk;ay:rSmvnfaeMuaom

xdkrlvN*dK[frsm;\ t&Sdefonf tvGefjyif;xef

vGef;vSonf/ xdkYaMumihf xdkrlvN*dK[frsm;onf

Mum&Snf rcHbJ rMumrDaygufuGJukefMuonf/

xd kod k YaygufuG Jaomtcgü twHk;

twpfrsm;onf -

1/ *sLyDwm (Jupiter)

2/ q,fwef (Satunn)

3/ ,la&;eyf (Uranus)

4/ ewfyuRef; (Neptunes)

wdkYuJhodkYaom N*dK[fBuD;rsm;jzpfvmMuonf/

cyfBuD;BuD;tpufawGonf-

5/ rmusL&D (Mercury)

6/ AD;ey f(Venus)

7/ urÇm (Earth)

8/ rm;pf(Mars)wdkYuJhodkY N*dK[fi,frsm;jzpfvmMu

ygonf/

cyfao;ao;tpufrsm;onf N*dK[frsm;

udk ywfcsmvSnhfaeaom vuJhodkYaom t&HN*dK[f

rsm;jzpfvmMuonf[k cefYrSef;Muonf/

rnfonf henf; jzi h fyi f urÇmBuD;

jzpfay:vmonfjzpfap urÇmvH k ; BuD;wGif

txyfBuD; (6) xyfyg0ifonf[kqdkygonf/

twGif;tusqHk; A[dkydkif;rSm tcsif;

tm;jzihf rdkifaygif; 40000 &Sdonf? xdkA[dk tydkif;

onf tvGefyljyif;ojzihf xdktydkif;ü&Sdaom t&m

rsm;onf yvyfpwpftaeESihfaomfvnf;aumif;?

t&nftaeESihfaomfvnf;aumif; wnf&Sdrnf[k

odyÜHq&mrsm;u ,lqMuonf/

A[dkydkif;udk 0ef;&Hxm;aom 'kwd,

txyfonfum; urÇm\ ta&;BuD;aom

t"dutxyfyifjzpf\/ xdktxyfonf rdkif

(2000)rQxlonf/ xdktxyfwGif edu,fESihf

a&maeaom oHyg&Sdonfhtjyif tjcm;owåKESihf

ausmufrsm;vnf;tenf;i,f&Sdonf/ xdktxyf

udk A,f&dpzD;,m; (Bary spere) owåK&nf[k

ac:onf/

A,f&DpzD;,m;wGif&S daom tyl&S def

pmrsufESm 23 okd Y

8"r®0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/


0óEÅ rd k;&moDumv rdk;NzdKifNzdKif

&Gmaom ]0gqdkv}onf Ak'¨bmomtEG,f0if

tm;vHk;wdkY\ vxl;vjrwfrsm;wGif wpfvtyg

t0i f jzp fonf /þ0gq d kv jyn f h ae Yonf

Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifESif h ywfoufqufEG,f

rIrsm;pGm&SdaeaomaMumifhygwnf;/jrwfAk'¨onf

þ0gqdk vjynfhaeYü ]y#doaE}aeawmfrlcJhonf/

]awmxGuf} awmfrlcJ honf/þ0gqd kvjynf h

aeYüyif yOö0*¾Dig;OD;wdkYtm; ]w&m;OD; "r®puf}udk

a[m>rwfawmfrlcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh a&S;q&m

awmf bk&m;BuD;rsm;u ]]oaE¨? awmxGuf?

"r®puf? rdefY>rwf oHcsdK? v0gqdk}}[k rdefYqdkcJh

Muonf/ xdkrQyifruao; jrwfbk&m;oufawmf

xif&Sm; &SdpOfumvrSpí ,ckrsufarSmufumv

wdkifatmif bk&m;&SifESifhwpfuG wynfhom0u

jzp fawm fr l Muuke faom oHCmawmfr sm;

tm;vHk;onf 0gqdkvjynfhausmf(1) &ufaeYrSonf

oDwif;uRwfvjynfhaeYwdkifatmif 0gwGif;oHk;v

ywfvHk; rdrdwdkY0gqdkawmfrl&ef &nf&G,fxm;onfh

ausmif;wdkufwdk YwGif yk&dr0guyfawmfrljcif;

trIudk jyKawmfrlMuNrJjzpfonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif

Ak'bmom0if trsdK;aumif;om;? trsdK;aumif;

orD;wdkYonf &Sif&[ef;wdkY 0gqdk? 0guyfawmfrl

Edkif&ef 0gr0ifrDuyif 0gqdkouFef;wdkYudk qufuyf

vSL'gef;avh&SdMuNyD; 0gqdk? 0guyfrnfhaeYwGif

0gqdkyef;rsm;cl;í ausmif;awmfodkYydkY aqmifMu

onf/ aus;vuf a'orsm;wGif tdk;pnf?'dk;ywf

0dkif;rsm;jzihf waysmf wyg; ausmif;awmfodk Y

oGm;í 0gqdkyef;uyfvSL Muavh&Sdayonf/

,ckrsufarSmufumv ouFef;rsm;rSm

wdk;wufvmaomacwfESifhtnD csnftrsdK;rsdK;wdkY

jzi h f&ufvky fxm;aom y dw fom;r sm;ud k

0denf;awmfvmtwdkif; csKyfvkyfxm;í ouFef;

ta&mif;qdkifrsm;wGif t&efoifh tvG,fwpful

0,f,l&&S dEd kifayonf/ xdkouFef;rsm;udkyif

'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYu rdk;a&cHouFef;? 0gqdk

ouFef;? uxdefouFef; ponfjzihf umvtvdfkuf

ydkif;jcm;í &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; qufuyfvSL'gef;

Mu&ayonf/ &[ef ;awm fr sm ;uvnf;

xdkouFef;rsm;udkyif vdktyfovdk 0wf½HkoHk;aqmif

awmfrl Muonf/ bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmf

tcgu 0guyfawmfrlrnfh &[ef;awmfrsm;tm;

rdk;&moDumv rdk;a&tpdkcH toHk;jyK&ef ]0ódu

om#du pD0&} ac: ]rdk;a&cHouFef;}wdkYudk oHk;pGJcGifh

&cJhaMumif;awGY&onf/ rdk;a&cHouFef; jzpfay:

vmyHkrSm-

á&[ef;awmfrsm; rd k ;a&cs d K; Mujcif;/

bk&m;& Si fonf om0w¬ d jynfr Ge f

aZw0efausmif;wdkufawmfü udef;atmif;pHaysmf

oDwif;oHk;awmfrlpOf wpfaeYaomtcgwGif

rd k;BuD;onf av;uRef;vHk;tESH Y&Gmcsavaomf

bk&m;&Sifu ]]&[ef;wdkY þrkd;BuD;onf aZw0ef

ausmif;rSm&GmouJhodk Y av;uRef;vHk;ü&Gm\/

av;uRef;vHk;tESHY &Gmaomrdk;wdkYwGif þrdk;BuD;

onf aemufqHk;&Gm aomrdk;jzpfí oifwdkY\

udk,fudk rdk;pGwfcHvdkufMu}} [k rdefYMum;awmfrl

vdkufaomtcg &[ef;awmfwdkYonf ouFef;wdkYudk

udk,frScGgí udk,fudkrdk;pGwfcHMuav\/xdktcsdef

tcgu ouFef;aygrsm;aom tcsdefr[kwf

ao;ojzifh a&vJoif;ydkiftydkr&SdaomaMumifh

oif;ydkifukd,f0wfrygbJ rdk;a&csdK;Mu&avonf/

xdkaeYüyif 0domcgausmif;trBuD;u

vnf; bk&m;&SifESifhwpfuG oHCmukef qGrf;bkOf;

ay;&efyifhxm;xm;NyD;ojzifh eHeufapmapmü

rGefjrwfaom qGrf;abmZOfwdkYudk pDpOfí rdrd\

uRefrwpfa,muftm; ausmif;awmfodkY oGm;

apí qGrf;bkOf;ay;&eftoifh jzpfNyDjzpfaMumif;

avQmufxm;cdkif;vdkuf\/ uRefronf 0domcg

apcdkif;csuft& ausmif;awmfodkYa&mufvmaom

tcg udk,f0wf oif;ydkifrygbJ a&csdK;aeMuaom

&[ef;rsm;udk wdwådwuú'Gef;rsm; [k xifrSwf

r Sm;í jyefvmNy D ;vQi f ausmif;ü &[ef;

awmfrsm;r&SdaMumif; wdwd¬rsm;om a&csdK;ae

onfudk awGU&aMumif; ajymMum;av awmhonf/

uRefr ajymaompum;udkMum;vQif

0domcgu &[ef;wdkYü ouFef;ydkr&Sdojzifh ouFef;

rqD;bJ a&csdK;aeMujcif;jzpfrnfudk pOf;pm;rd

ojzifh xkduRefrukdyif aemufwpfcgapvGwfí

tavQmufcdkif;jyef\/ xdkuRefr a&mufoGm;aom

tcg &[ef;awmfrsm; a&cs d K; Ny D; jzpfojzif h

rdrdwdkY\ ausmif;cef;twGif;odkY 0ifa&mufoGm;

MuNyDjzpf\ jyifywGif&[ef;wpfyg;rQ rawGY&

avaomaMumifh tdrfodkYjyefvmí 0domcgtm;

ausmif;wGif &[ef;wpfyg;rS r&S daMumif;

ajymjyefavonf/ xdktcg 0domcgu &[ef;

awmfrsm; a&cs d K; Ny D;í ausmif;cef;wGif;ü

NidrfoufpGm &Sdaevdrfhrnfudk odojzifh uRefrtm;

aemufwpfBudrfxyfrH apvTwfjyef\/ xdktcsdef

wGifrl jrwfpGmbk&m;u &[ef;wdkYtm; ]]oydwf

ouFef;udk toifhjyif Muawmh qGrf;tcsdefwefNyD}}

[krdefYawmfrlí &[ef;rsm;ESifhtwl 0domcg\

tdrfodkY <ua&mufawmfrlMuukef\/

rd k;a&cHouFef;ud k cGif h jyKawmfrljcif;/

jrwfpGmbk&m;&SifESifhwuG &[ef;awmf

rsm;<ua&mufvmvQif 0domcgonf 0rf;ajrmuf

0rf;ompGm qD;BudKí tdrfay:odkYyifhaqmifum

qGrf;abmZOfwdkYudk qufuyfvSL'gef;jcif; jyKNyD;

aemuf rdrd\ uRefrjzpfolonf ausmif;awmfodkY

&Sif&[ef;wdkYESifh 0gqdkouFef;

t&Sifokpdwåom&(rkwfuRef;&wem)

9

"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/


oGm;a&mufonfhumv &[ef;awmfrsm; a&csdK;

aeonfh tcsdefESifhBuHKcJh&jcif;aMumifh wdw¦dwdkYESifh

,d k;rSm;rdcJ h jcif;taMumif;udk bk&m;&Siftm;

jyefvnfavQmufxm;í rd k;a&cHouFef;ud k

vSL'gef;cGifhjyK&efawmif;yefav\/bk&m;&Sifu

auseyfpGm cGifhjyKawmfrlavonf/ xdkodkYrdk;a&cH

ouFe f ;ud k c Gi f h jy Kawm fr lv d ku faomtcg

&[ef;wd k Yonf r d k ;vESi f htawmfa0;aom

tcsdefuyif rdk;a&cHouFef;udk&Smí csKyfqdk;

uyÜAdEKxdk;NyD;vQif 0wfMuav\/ rdk;va&mufí

rdk;&Gmcsdefüum; xdkouFef;onf aqG;ajrhNyD;pkwfNyJ

cJhNyDjzpfojzifh t0wfrygbJrdk;a&cHMu&avonf/

xdktaMumif;udk jrwfpGmbk&m;odawmfrlvQif

uJh&JUawmfrlNyD; rdk;a&cHouFef;udk &SmEdkif&m tcsdef

umvESifh csKyfqdk;? uyÜAdE´Kxdk;í 0wfEdkif&m

umvudk jyaom odu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlav

\/

,if;ynwfcsuft& &[ef;awmf

rsm;onf aEGav;v\ aemufqHk;vjzpfaom

e,ke fvjynf hausm f(1)&ufaeYr Spí 0gqd k

vjynfhaeYtxd ouFef;&Sm&mumv tjzpfESifh

0gqdkvqef; (1)&ufaeYrS 0gqdkvjynfhaeYtxd

ouFef;csKyfqdk; uyÜAdEKxdk;í 0wfqif&mumv

tjzpf vdkufemusifhoHk;cJh&avonf/ ysufuGuf

cJhaomf ]0ódu om#du odu©myk'f}t& ]edó*¾d

ygpdwftmywf} oifha&muf&av\/ (rSwfcsuf-

r d k ;a&c HouFe f ;onf a&cs d K ;t dr ftwGi f ;

jrpfacsmif;twGif;ü a&csdK;jcif; rsd K;r[kwf?

udk,fudk usef;rmcefYusrf;atmif rdk;&GmaepOf

vGifjyifü rdk;a&pdkcHjcif; rdk;a&csdK;jcif;jzpfonf/

ouFef;qdkaomfvnf; rlvouFef;rsm;uJhodk Y

t0ga&mifjzpfvmatmif qdk;rStyfonfr[kwf

qifpG,fa&mifuJhodkY wpfBudrfrQqdk;vsuf tjzL

a&mifodkYajymif;vJ oGm;aomfvnf; 0wfaumif;

\/

tapöu0ó0goduouFef;udkcGifhjyKawmfrljcif;/

tcgwpfyg;ü om0w¦dNrdKUrS trwfBuD;

wpfa,mufonf t&yfwpfyg;odkY(ppfwyfodkY)

oGm;cgeD;jzpfojzifh &[ef;awmfwdkYtm; ]0ó0g

odu ouFef;}udk vSL'gef;vdkaom o'gw&m;jzpf

ay:vmonfjzpfí &[ef;rsm;xHodkY vlvTwfí

tyifhcdkdif;avonf/xdktcsdefu bk&m;&Sifonf

0guyfaom&[ef;wd k Ytm; 0guRwfNyD;rSom

]0óm0godu ouFef;}udk oHk;aqmifcGifhjyKxm;

onf jzp fonf/ ,ck0gruRwfao;ojzi h f

&[ef;wdkYrSm <ua&mufí tvSLcHjcif;rjyKMuacs/

(rSwfcsuf- ]0óm0godu ouFef;}qdkonfrSm

0gudk rusdK;raygufatmif apmif ha&Smufí

aeNy D ;aom &[ef;wd k Ytm; vS Ltyfaom

ouFef; jzpfonf/) xd ktcgtrwfBuD;onf

]]tb,faMumifh t&SifjrwfwdkYonf iguyifh

avQmufygvsuf r<ua&mufMuoenf;/,ck

ppfwyfodk YoGm;&rnfjzpfojzifh ig\ touf

onf aornf&Sifrnfudk rod&acswum; [k

0rf;yrf;wenf;uJh&JUpum;qdkav\/ xdkpum;udk

jrwfpGmbk&m;Mum;odavaomtcgrS &[ef;wdkY

tm; tapöuouFef;udk cH,lcGif hjyKawmfrlcJ h

onf/

]tapöuouFef;}qdkonfrSm t&yf

wpfyg;odkYoGm;cgeD;ol?touftEÅ&m,fpdk;&drf&ol

udk,f0efaqmifol emrusef;jzpfaeol vwfwpf

avm o'gw&m;jzpfay:vmolpaom taqm

wvsif ta&;wBuD; vSL'gef;tyfaom ouFef;

rsdK;udkqdkvdkonf/ xdkodk Yta&;wBuD;vSL&mü

]]0ó0goduH 'ómrd}}=0gwGif;oHk;v umv

ywfvHk;aeNyD;aom &[ef;wd k Ytm; vSLyg\

[k&Gwfqd kapí tvSLc H,l&rnfjzpfonf/

odkYaMumifh 0gruRwf ao;aom 0gwGif;umvü

vnf; tvSLcHcGifhjyKcJh jcif;jzpfonf/

rsufarSmufacwf 0gqdkouFef; vSL'gef;MuyHk

,cktcgwGi f A k' ¨bmomtEG,f

0ifwdkYonf 0gqdk 0guyfawmfrlMurnfh &[ef;

oHCmawmfwdkYtm; 0gqdk&efeD;uyfvmonfESifh

0gqdkouFef;rsm;udk tpOftvmrysuf qufuyf

vSL'gef;vsuf&SdMuonf/xdkodkYvSL'gef;Mu&mwGif

tvSLcH,lMuaom oHCmawmfwdkYu ]]£rH 0ó

0godu pD0&H oHCó a'r}} ]]þrdk;a&cH0gqdk

vsmouFef;ud k 0gud krus d K ;raygufatmif

apmifha&SmufawmfrlMurnfh oHCmawmfwdkYtm;

0gwGif;umv wdkYü 0wf½HkoHk;aqmifEdkifygapjcif;

tusdK;iSg qufuyfvSL'gef;yg\}}[k tvSL&SifwdkY

tm; EIwfrS&Gwfqdkí vSL'gef;aponf/þodkY

vSL'gef;apjcif;jzifh ,ckouFef;onf 0gqdkjcif;

rdk;a&cHjcif; paom trIudpöwdkYü vdktyfovdk

toH k ; jyKE d ki f(0g) tBuH K;0ifap&eftwGuf

&nf&G,fí þuJhodk Y &GwfqdkvSL'gef;apjcif;

jzpfayonf/

(rSwfcsuf- 0gwGif;umv ESif h 0guRwfNyD;p

umvwdkYü vSLtyfaom ouFef;udk ]]0ó0god

uouFef;}}tjzpfjzifh rSwf,lvSL'gef;Edkdifygonf/

owdjyK&efrSm umvtvdkuf vSLtyfaom

ouFef;rsdK;rSwpfyg; oma&; ema&; udpöwdkYESifh

o'¨gw&m;tavsmufvSLaom ouFef;rsdK;udkrl

tcsdeftcgra&G; vSL'gef;Ekdifygonf/)

qdktyfcJ h NyD;aom 0gqdkouFef;ESif h

ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&mwdkYudk avhvmoHk;

oyfMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh &Sif&[ef;wdkYonf rdk;&moD

umv 0gwGif;umvwdkYü ouFef;onf r&Sdrjzpf

ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaeaMumif;udk awGYjrifEdkifay

onf/ txl;ojzifh aeYpOf qGrf;cH<uMu&aom

&Sif&[ef;wdkYrSm rMumcP rdk;a&tpdkcHaeMu&

ojzifh vJvS,fp&m ouFef;tydkr&SdvQif vGefpGm

'ku©a&muf&ayvdrfhrnf/ &moDOwk ab;'PfwdkY

aMumifh usef;rma&; cRwf,Gif;cJhvQif &Sif&[ef;wdkY

aqmif&GufzG,f&m trIudpöwdk Yudk aumif;pGm

aqmif&GufEdkifMurnfr[kwfygacs/ xdktcsufudk

od&SdMuukefaom 'g,um 'g,dumrwdkYonf

vnf; 0gwGif;umvwdkYü &Sif&[ef;wdkY ouFef;

t&mü ryifryef; &Tifvef;pGm 0gqdk 0guyfawmf

rlEdkifygapjcif; tusdK;iSg 0gqdkvsmouFef;wdkYudk

vdkavao;r&Sd jynfhpHkpGm vSL'gef;Mujcif;jzifh

omoemawmfjrwfBuD;tm; csD;ajr§mufaxmufyHh

&ma&mufouJhodkY tdrf&maxmifolwdkY jyKvkyf

tm;xkwftyfaom ]]t*g&d, y#dy'g}}usifh0wfudk

jznf hqnf;&mvnf; a&mufonf/r dr dw d k Y

twGufvnf; þaumif;rI ukodkvf\ tusdK;

ay;aMumifh ypöyÜefoHo&mwdkYü ]vl?ewf? edAÁmef}

oHk;wefaom csrf;omokcudk jynfhpHkpGm &&SdcHpm;

Ed kifrnfjzpfygaMumif;a&;om; wifjyvdkuf&

ayawmhownf;/

usrf;ud k;=bk&m;Oya'awmfBuD;

(t&SifZeumbd0Ho)

t&Sifokpdwåom&(rkwfuRef;&wem)

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf

&J&ifhwnfMunfaom

avmutjrifjzifh

b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY

"r®0D&*sme,f

zwfMupkdU

10

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/

CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUSE OF WORLDLY PHENOMENA

qif;&J'ku©taygif;rS uif;Nidrf;wJh0rf;omjcif;

0rf;omygw,f/ avmurSm 0rf;omw,fqdkwJh pum;udk

trsm;u ESpfoufMuygw,f/ 0rf;omw,fqdkwm[m ukokdvfeJY 0rf;om

jcif;? tukodkvfeJY 0rf;omjcif;&,fvdkY 2 rsKd;&Sdw,f/

'DaeY 0rf;om&wJh 0rf;omjcif;rsKd;[m? a&T &wemawG&vdkY

0rf;omwmvJ r[kwfbl;/ aiG&wemawG&vdkY 0rf;omwmvJ r[kwfbl;/

avmuDtwGuf 0rf;omjcif;rsKd;r[kwfbl;? ,ckb0rSpNyD;awmh edAÁmef&onfh

b0wdkifatmif tyg,fav;yg;eJY qif;&J'ku©rS uif;NyD;awmh udk,fpdwfESpfjzm

csrf;csrf;omomeJY jrifcsifwmjrif&? Mum;csifwm Mum;&? pm;csifwm pm;&?

pdwfESvHk; ESpfoufzG,ftm½HkawGeJY awGUNyD; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&jcif;aygY/

0domcg temxydPfwkdYvdkrSwf&r,f/

0domcgwdk Yvd k bkHpOfpHb0

0domcg temxydPfwdkY[m? urÇmwpfodef;upNyD;awmh 'Dtvkyf

awGvkyfcJ hw,f/ urÇmwpfodef;umvywfvHk; i&J wd&pämef Nydwåm

tol&um,ftyg,fav;yg;rS vGwfuif;NyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;eJ YawGU?

ausmif;trausmif;'umawGjzpfMu/ 0domcgu ykAÁm½Hkausmif;trBuD;?

temxydPfu aZw0efausmif;'umBuD;? wpfjcm;pDrSwfxm;Mu/ olwdkY

wpfr*fwpfzdkvf&oGm;MuNyD;? temxydPfolaX;u wm0wd HomewfjynfrSm

0domcgu y&edrd®w0o0wd¬ewfjynfrSm vlwdkY\ ta&twGuftm;jzihf

0domcgu uka# 900? 21-uka#? tESpf 6 oef;? 'DbHkawGrSm ae&tHk;r,f?

tyg,fav;yg; rvm;awmhbl;? tjypfr&SdwJh 0wfcsifwmawG 0wf&/

pm;csifwmawG pm;&? bHkpOfpHNyD; aemufqHk;edAÁmefa&mufoGm;r,f/

'Dtwdkif;yJ omoemawmfBuD;eJY BuHKBudKufwJhtcg ,ckvmMuwJh

'um 'umrawG 'geawGvJ ajymzdkYr&Sdygbl;? jyKMuygw,f? oDvyg&rD

ynmyg&rD 'gawGvJjyKMuygw,f? ,ckBuHKwmuawmh omoemawmfrS

yxrqHk;uG,faysmufvdrhfr,fqdkwJh tbd"r®ma'oemawmfBuD;udk &Gwfzwf

wJh q&mawmfrsm;u &Gwfzwf/ Mum;emwJh 'um 'umrawGu Mum;emMu

wJhudpöBuD;yJ/

vif;Ed k Yom; (500) 0w¬K

t&Sifbk&m; 'gawG[m b,favmufrsm; tusKd;BuD;ygovJvdkY

ar;&if bkef;BuD;u om"uav;wpfckudkajymcsifygw,f/

uóyjrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufu vdkPf*lBuD;wpfck&Sdw,f

(t|omvdeD t|uxmrSmygw,f? 'gawGudk ,ck<uvmwJh q&mawmf

awG awGUbl; oifbl;Muygw,f)/

'DvdkPf*lBuD;rSm vif;EdkYom; 500 aexdkifMuw,f/ 'D wd&pämefjzpf

MuwJh vif;EdkYuav;awG[m ,ckvdk omoemh0efxrf; &[ef;awmfawGu

"r®o*FPD? 0dbif;? "mwkuxm? yk*¾vynwf? uxm0w¬K? ,rdkuf? y|mef;

qdkwJh tbd"r®ma'oemawGudk &Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,fMuawmh vdkPf*lrSm

wGJvJcdkem;ae&if; tay:uae olwdkY em;axmifMuw,f/

oAÁnKwÓPfawmf tvGeftusL; uGefYjrL;awmfrl&m

y|mef;a'oem usrf;jrwfr[m (4)

[Hom0wD OD;tkef;BudKif

Nidrf;at;csrf;omwJhtoHawG

em;axmifMuawmh olwdkYpdwfxJ xl;jcm;rIjzpfvmw,f? b,fvdk

jzpfvmovJqdk&if qdwfausmif;om;awG? EGm;ausmif;om;awG? (olwdkY

toHawGMum;wkef;uawmh)acsmufMu? vSefYMuvkdY 'kdYwawG Nidrf;at;csrf;om

rae&bJ ajym;MuvTm;Mu&w,f/ tck 'dkYMum;ae&wJh toHawGuawmh

'Dvkdr[kwfbl;? 'DtoHawG[m xl;jcm;w,fqdkNyD; olwdkY *½kpdkufem;axmif

Muw,f/ w&m;rSef;rodbl;/ vlawGvdk w&m;rSef;rod&Smygbl;/

r*fzd kvfawG&oGm;Muw,f

tJ'Dvdk obm0"r® tppftrSefjzpfwJh toHawGudk Mum;em&

wm? tajccHNyD;oumv? vif;EdkYom;ig;&mb0uaeNyD;awmh wm0wd Hom

ewfjynfrSmoGm;NyD;awmh ewfom; ewforD;ig;&mjzpfMu&w,f/ bk&m;

wpfqlESihfwqlMum; tyg,frvm;awmhbl;? bkef;BuD;wdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;

vufxuf? wm0wd Homewfjynfu tbd"r®mw&m;a[mNyD; jyef<uvmwJh

tcsdefrSm t&Sifom&dykwå&m udk,fawmfBuD;&JU wynhfawGjzpfNyD; olwdkYtkyfpk

r*fzdkvfawG rsm;&oGm;Muw,f/

tJ'Dawmh bmqdkvdkovJ? obm0"r®awGudk Mum;emvdkuf&awmh

tifrweftusKd;BuD;w,f/

,ck<uvmMuwJh 'um 'umrawGqdk&if vif;EdkYom; ig;&mxuf

tqw&mruomaeygw,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqdk&if 'gevJjyKNyD;om; jzpfaeMu

w,f/ o&P*HkoHk;yg;vJ &GwfqdkMuw,f/ &SdvJ&Sdcdk;Muw,f/ 'Djyifukokdvf

aumif;rIawGvJ jyKaeMuw,f/ ,aeY tbd"r®mawGudk Mum;emaeMu

w,f? Mum;em½Hkwifr[kwfbl;/ ,aeY&Gwfqdkjcif;&JU oabmobm0av;

awG[m y|mef;qdkwJh toduav;awG ygoGm;zdkYyJ jzpfw,f/ aocsmem;

axmifMu/

em;axmifwmu ynmod 0dnmPfod todÓPfynm? tvdr®m

"mwfawGygNyD;awmh taMumif;tusKd;ESihfwuG 'Dvdkudk;qdkwm odoGm;r,f/

odoGm;awmh tifwef tusKd;BuD;NyD;awmh oGm;r,f/ vif;EdkYom; 500 wdkY

xufawmh tqw&mru omr,f/

tajccHy|mef;

y|mef;? y|mef;vdkY emrnfuBuD;aeawmh 'Dae&mrSm tbd"r®mqdk

wm (7)usrf;&Sdw,f/

(1) "r®o*FPDusrf;/

(2) 0dbif;usrf;/

(3) "mwkuxmusrf;/

(4) yk*¾vynwfusrf;/

(5) uxm0w¬Kusrf;/

(6) ,rkdufusrf;eJY

(7) y|mef;usrf;wdkYjzpfw,f/

y|mef;qdkwm "r®o*FPDupwm

tJ'Dtbd"r®m (7)usrf;wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;u "r®o*FPDupNyD;

rEÅav;NrdKU? rpkd;&drfausmif;wkduf? y"meem,uq&mawmf? Ek difiHawmfMo0g'gp&d,? t*¾r[my@dw r[m&|*k½kbJGwHqdyf

awmf&? y|mef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD; b'´EÅ0dok'¨? toHrpJy|mef;ylaZmfyJ GwGif >rufMum;awmfrlaom ]]y|mef;a'oem Mo0g'uxm}}ukd

qufvufíazmfjyay;vk dygonf/

11

"r®0D&onf avmuNidrf;csrf;rItwGufjzpfonf/


awmh csDcJhw,f/ "r®o*FPDrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfjrwfBuD;u O'g[

½kPf yHkpHawGxkwfNyD;awmh a[moGm;w,f/ bk&m;vufxufuvJ 'Dwdkif;

yJ? NyD;rS txufy|mef;oGm;w,f/ y|mef;oabmw&m;qdkwmvJ "r®o*FPD

upNyD;awmh odvm&wmyJ/

'DuaeYawmh (1) eHygwfu pNyD;awmh todvJwdk;? Mum;emwJh

ukokdvfvJ&? odNyD;awmh oGm;&atmif? bkef;BuD; BudK;pm;a[may;r,f?

bmvdkYvJqdkawmh omoemrSmc&D;u oGm;&tkef;rSm/ tckwpfESpfNyD;wpfESpf

wpfvNyD;wpfv jzpfaewmvdkYbJ wpfb0NyD;wpfb0 oGm;NyD;awmh aeMu

tkef;rSm? edAÁmefusrSat;rSm/

tJ'Dvdk wpfb0NyD;wpfb0 oGm;MuwJhtcgrSm tvGefaMumufp&m

aumif;wJh tyg,fbHkrS uif;vGwfNyD; vlolawmfaumif; trsKd;om; olawmf

aumif; trsKd;orD;? olawmfaumif; ewfom;? olawmfaumif; ewforD;?

olawmfaumif;awGjzpfMu&NyD; csrf;csrf;omomeJY (oGm*wH oktm*wH)=

omoemawmfBuD;rSm aumif;aomvmjcif;? aumif;aomoGm;jcif;jzihf?

oGm;Ekdifatmif ukokdvfawG&atmif tm;xkwfBudK;pm;&ygvdrhfr,f/

'gew&m;awGuawmh bkef;BuD;wdkY a[mzdkYrvdkygbl;? odaeMuyg

w,f/ vSLvJvSLaeMuwmyJ? wef;vJwef;aeMuwmyJ? oDvvJaqmufwnf

aeMuwmyJ/

toHqdkwm bmvJ

,aeY y|mef;a'oemawmf enf;tm;jzihf? "r®o*FPDygVdawmfrSm

vmwJhoabmw&m;twdkif; odoGm;r,f/ "r®o*FPDrSmpdwå? apwodu?

½lyqdkNyD;awmh u@awG jcm;xm;ygw,f/ ½lyu@rSm ]uwrH wH ½lyH

o'´g,weH} vkdY bk&m;u udk,fwdkifar;w,f/ toHqdkwm bmvJvdkY

&[ef;awG OygoumawG OygodumrawGudka[mw,f/

okpdykbm pum;t&

]]uwrH wH ½lyH o'g,weH? a,moa'g? pwkEéH r[mblwmeH?

Oyg'g, ted'óaem tyÜ#da,m}} vdkY jrwfpGmbk&m;u O'g[½kPfyHkpH

udk,fawmfwdkif xkwfw,f/ (8)rsKd;xkwfw,f? 'D(8)rsKd;xJu wpfckudk yHkpH

xkwfajymoGm;r,f/ tJ'DvdkajymoGm;awmh ajymvJajymw,f? emvJemw,f?

ar;vJar;w,f? ajzvJajzw,f? odvJodoGm;r,f/ (ok pd yk bm)

pum;t&

(1) ok=okaP,s= w&m;vJemw,f? tckeuajymwJh vif;EdkYom; 500

xuf tqw&m ruomr,f/

(2) pd-pdaEÅ,s= BuHpnfw,f? 'gudkBuHpnfNyD; odvdkufw,f/

(3) yk-ykapä,s= rodwm&SdvJ xyfNyD; ar;Edkifw,f/

(4) bm-bmao,s= aemufusawmh udk,hf[mudk ajymNyD;awmhodoGm;Ekdif

w,f/

'D 4 rsKd;bJ xm;vdkufygOD;awmh/

r*ftajczd kvftajcqd kufoGm;Mu&atmif

,aeY jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mwJhtwdkif; bkef;BuD;a[mr,f/

tifrwefBuHKBudKufcJygw,f? emwmudkuyJ tifrwef aus;Zl;rsm;vSygNyD/

emwmudkuyJ vif;EdkYom; 500 xuf tqwpf&mru omw,fqkdwm

,HkMunfyg/ vif;EkdYom; 500 wdkY[m tJ'D wd&pämefb0uaeNyD;awmh

wm0wd Homa&mufMuNyD; bk&m;wqlESihf wqltMum; tyg,frvm;bJ

aemuf 'dkYbk&m;vufxufMuawmh olwdkYtm;vHk; &[ef;awG jzpfvmMuNyD;

r*ftajc zdkvftajcqdkufoGm;Muw,f/ r*fzdkvf&oGm;Muw,f/

tJ'Dawmh Mum;emwmeJYudkyJ aus;Zl;rsm;vSygNyD/ 'g omoem0if

pmoifNyD;awmh oH*g,em 6 wef wifxm;wJh pmawGyg/ t|omvdeDrSm

ygygw,f/ 'Dq&mawmfawG oifzl;Muygw,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkY ,aeYajymvJ

ajymr,f? Mum;vJMum;emMuyg? rSm;onfjzpfap? rSefonfjzpfap? ar;wm

av;awGudkvJ ajzMuyg/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh tysif;vJajywmaygY? aqmif

yk'fav; vkdufqdkMu/

vufawGYy|mef;

(1) ropfcsifopf? opfcsifopf?

opfMu rsufESma&/ /

(2) rsufpd em; ESm? oGm;ESihf vQm?

tmrSm acs;an§mfawG/ /

(aqmifyk'fuAsm)

bmaMumih f rsufESmopfMu&ovJ

pOf;pm;Munhfyg/ reufvif;vmvQif rsufESmudk opf&w,f?

ropfcsifvJopf&w,f/ opfcsifvJopf&w,f? bmaMumihfrsufESmopf

aeMu&ovJ? aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;Munhfprf;yg? cav;t&G,fwkef;

uawmh taz tar tr tudkawGu opfay;&w,f/ udk,ft&G,f

a&mufvmawmh udk,f h[mudk,f opfMu&w,f/ tifrwefat;wJh

&moDrSmvJ rsufESmudk ropfcsifayr,fh opf&wmyJ? opfcsifvJ opf&rSmyJ?

qyfjymeJY oGm;wdkufwHeJY qdkjyefawmhvJ opf&wmyJ/ bmvdkYvJqdkawmh

aqmifyk'fuAsmtwkdif; oabmaygufaeMuvdkYygyJ/

udk,fwdkifvkdufpm;w,fqdkwm

w&m;udk udk,fwdkifvdkufpm;w,fqdkwm 'gygyJ? reufvif;vmwJh

tcg rsufpdxJrSm? ESmacgif;xJrSm? oGm;xJrSm? vQmxJrSm? tmxJrSm? rsufpd

em; ESm oGm;vQm tmxJrSm acs;an§mfawG ay:rvmbl;vm;/

ajz/ / ay:ygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / b,f&efolu vmxnhfovJ/

ajz/ / b,f&efolurS rxnhfygbk&m;/

ar;/ / 'Dacs;an§mfawGudk bmuEkdifovJ/

ajz/ / a&uEkdifygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / a&u EkdifwJhtwGuf ewfawmfjymodkrSm at;vSw,fqdkNyD;

ropfcsifvJ opfaeMu&'gyJ? oGm;wdkufbl;eJY bmeJYwdkufvJ ydkajymif'gaygY?

'Dawmh acs;an§mfawGEkdifwJh "mwfr&Sdbl;vm;/

ajz/ / &Sdygw,fbk&m;/

(aqmifyk'fqufqdk)


opfMursufESma&/

(2) rsufpd? em;? ESm? oGm;ESihfvQm?

tmrSacs;an§mfawG/

ar;/ / 'Dacs;an§mfawG b,f&efolurS xnhf'gr[kwfbl;? rsufpdxJ

rSm? em;xJrSm? pdef&wem? jr&wem? aiG&wemawG? xGufvmovm;?

acs;an§mfawGxGufvmovm;/

ajz/ / acs;an§mfawG xGufvmygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / obm0awGaemf? tJ'Dawmh acs;an§mfawG tEkdif"mwfr&Sdbl;

vm;/

ajz/ / &Sdygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / a&urEkdifvm;/

ajz/ / Ekdifygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / EkdifvdkY aeYpOfESihftrQ rsufESmopfaeMu&w,f? wpfrsKd;vdkufqdk

prf;/

(1) rpm;csifpm;? pm;csifpm;?

aq;0g;"mwfpmawG/

(2) udk;q,fhajcmufjzm? ab;a&m*g?

udk,frSm&Sdíae/

"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/

12


aq;cg;BuD;rsm;vJ rpm;csifyJeJY pm;&w,f/ 'Djyif[m rajymeJY

udk,frusef;rrmjzpfaew,fqdk&if ('DxJr,f a'gufwmawGvJ ygygw,f)

aq;xdk;&r,f? aq;xdk;tyfBuD;eJY txdk;cHcsifovm;/

ajz/ / rcHcsifygbk&m;/

ar;/ / rcHcsifyJeJY b,feJYaMumihf xdk;aeovJ? olubmEkdifovJ/

ajz/ / a&m*gudk Ekdifygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / a[m odvmNyD? aq;b,favmufcg;cg; pm;&wmyJ [kwfuJh

vm;/

ajz/ / [kwfygw,f bk&m;/

ar;/ / at; 'DtyfeJY aq;xdk;&w,f? a&m*gawGuawmh aq;uEkdif

w,f? aq;csKdcsKduav;udkvJ pm;csifpm;&rSmyJ? aq;cg;BuD;

awG pm;rS aysmufr,fqdkvJ pm;&rSmyJ? uAsmxyfqdkvdkufprf;/


aq;0g;"mwfpmawG/

(2) udk;q,fhajcmufjzm? ab;a&m*g?

udk,frSm&Sdíae/

ar;/ / zsm;w,f emw,f acgif;udkufw,fponfjzihf a&m*gawG

jzpfvmawmh 'Da&m*gawG b,f&efolu vmNyD;awmh xnhf

'gvJ/

ajz/ / b,f&efolurS rxnhfygbl;/

ar;/ / obm0aemf? cE¨mudk,fBuD;u jzpfvmwm/ 'Da&m*gawG

b,folu EkdifovJ/

ajz/ / aq;0g;uEkdifw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / b,faq;ubmEdkifw,fqdkwm a'gufwmawGu odw,f/

tyfBuD;eJY rxdk;&bl;vm;/

ajz/ / xkd;&ygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / tyfBuD;eJY udk,fhvufarmif;udk aq;txdk;cHcsif&JUvm;/

ajz/ / rcHcsifygbl;bk&m;/

ar;/ / cHcsifonfjzpfap? rcHcsifonfjzpfap? a&m*g&Sdvmawmh

aq;xdk;&rSmyJ? aq;xdk;awmh a&m*graysmufvm;/

ajz/ / aysmufygw,fbk&m;/

q&mawmf= tEk dif"mwf&S dw,f? rsufpd? em;? ESmrSm&S dwJ h

acs;an§mfawGudk a&uEkdifw,f/ cEmudk,frSm jzpfay:vmwJh a&m*gawGudk

aq;uEkdifw,f/ obm0usNyD; tEkdif"mwfawG&Sdw,f? uJ aqmifyk'fuAsm

qdkvdkufMuprf;/

aqmifyk'fuAsm

(1) rjyKcsifjyK? jyKcsifjyK

aumif;rIukokdvfawG/

(2) udk,fwGif;a&m*g? udavom

udk,frSm&Sdíae/ /

tukodkvfudkEk difwJhenf;

bk&m;udk x &Sdcdk;vdkuf&w,f/ ysif;ayr,fh x&Sdcdk;vdkufw,f/

ig;yg;oDvjzpfap ,lvdkuf&w,f? ysif;ayr,fh x,lvdkuf? tavhtusihf

jyKygrsm;awmh ukod kvfawG qufvufvkyfcsi fvmw,f/ uaeY

Oykofrapmihfcsifayr,fh xapmihfvkduf&w,f/ bmvdkYvJ ukokdvfawGu

Ekdifw,f? tukokdvfawGudk ukokdvfu tEkdifqHk;yJ? 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY

jyK&w,f? rjyKcsifvJjyK? jyKcsifvJjyK&r,f/

o&P*HkoHk;yg;ESihfwuG teaEÅm teEÅig;yg;&Sdcdk;wJh ukodkvfawG

ig;yg;oDvaqmufwnfwJh ukodkvfawG[m tyg,fav;yg;usapwwfwJh

tukodkvfawGudk rsufpd? em;? ESmrSm&SdwJh acs;an§mfawGudk a&u EkdifovdkyJ

aemf/ 96 jzma&m*gawGudk aq;uEkdifovdkyJ/ 'Dxuf tqwpf&mru

omatmif tukodkvfawGudk ukokdvfu Ekdifw,f/ ukodkvfqdkwm-

1/ ukovm te0ZÆ okc 0dygu vu©Pm? tjypfr&Sd aumif;usKd;udkay;

jcif;vu©m&Sdw,f/

2/ tukov0d'H oe&om? tukokdvfawGudk ukodkvfu zsufqD;Ekdifw,f/

Oyrm/ / rsufpd? em; ESmrSm&SdwJh acs;an§mfawGudk a&uEkdifovdk cEm

udk,frSm uyfa&mufwJh 96 jzm a&m*gawGudk aq;uEkdifovdk tJ'Dxuf

tqwpf&mru omatmif tukodkvfawGudk ukodkvfuEkdifvkdY rjyKcsif

vJjyK&w,f/ jyKcsifvJ jyK&r,f/ t&Sifbk&m; rjyKcsifyJeJY &ygYrvm;vdkY

ar;&if aq;xdk;rcHcsifyJeJY xdk;awmh a&m*graysmufvm;/

ajz/ / aysmufygw,fbk&m;/

ar;/ / rsufESmropfcsifbJESihf opfawmh acs;an§mfawG rajymifbl;

vm;/

ajz/ / ajymifygw,fbk&m;/

y|mef;ukok dvf&&S d Muzd k Y&m

q&mawmf =xdkYtwlbJ ukokdvfawG jyKp&Sdawmh jyKcsifvm

w,f/ 'gaMumihf ukodkvfawG jyKay;&r,f/ 'ge oDveJY ywfoufwJh

ukodkvfawGudkawmh bkef;BuD; ajymaezdkY rvdkawmhbl;? jyKaeMu'gudk;? 'DaeY

y|mef;eJY ywfowfwJh ukokdvf&zdkYudkyJ bkef;BuD;u ajymcsifw,f/ bmvdkY

vJ 'Dukokdvfu tukokdvfudkEkdifw,f/ 'gobm0usNyDvdkufqdkMu/

aqmifyk'fuAsmrsm;


opfMu rsufESma&/ /

(2) rsufpd? em;? ESm? oGm;ESihfvQm

tmrSm acs; an§mfawG/ /


aq;0g; "mwfpmawG/ /

(4) udk;q,hfajcmufjzm? ab;a&m*g?

udk,frSm&Sdíae/ /

(5) rjyKcsifjyK? jyKcsifjyK?

aumif;rIukokdvfawG/ /

(6) udk,fwGif;a&m*g? udavom?

udk,frSm&Sdíae/ /

bmaMumihf aq;awG pm;&ovJ? a&m*gEkdifcsifvdkY pm;&w,f?

rpm;csifvJ pm;&w,f? pm;csifvJ pm;&w,f? &wemoHk;yg; &Sdcdk;MupdkY?

ig;yg;oDv ,lMupdkY? xNyD; vkyfvdkuf&'gyJ? wrifoufouf &Sdcdk;csifvdkY

qdkwmawmh ajymzdkYrvdkygbl;? &yfxHk;pH ukodkvftavhtxqdk'grsKd;vJ

vkyfay;&r,f/ ukokdvfawGu tukodkvfudk tifrwefEkdifw,f? b,ftuk

okdvfukdvJ? tyg,fav;yg;udk usapwwfwJh yxrOD;pGm tukokdvfudk

Ekdifw,f/ ygVdawmfawG&SdMuw,f/ trsm;BuD;yJ xm;ygawmhav? 'gvJ

oma&; ema&;&Sdwdkif; uJvmMu vmMu uefawmhMu&atmif &wemoHk;

yg; *g&0jyKMu&atmif ig;yg;oDv,l o&P*HkaqmufwnfMu vkyfaeNyD;/

tyg,fav;yg; usapwJh tukodkvfudk EkdifNyD/ aemuf edAÁmefusawmh tqihf

qihfEkdifoGm;'gyJ/ aqmifyk'fqdkMunhfprf;/

(1) rjyKcsifjyK? jyKcsifjyK/

aumif;rIukokdvfawG/

(2) udk,fwGif;a&m*g? udavom?

udk,frSm&Sdíae/

(qufvufazmf jyygrnf)

13

DHAMMA TALKS

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf ausmif;wdkufBuD;wpfwdkuftwGif; tv,f

A[dk? odkYr[kwf ausmif;awmfOD;t&yfü wnf&Sdaom *Emuk#dausmif;awmfü

oDwif;oHk;awmfrlygonf/

*Eük#d (eH Yomausmif;) qdkonfrSm

wu,fawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif oDwif;oHk;awmfrlaom ausmif;

onf? opfom; odkYr[kwf? tkwft*Fawjzihf wnfaqmuftyfaom ½dk;½dk;

ausmif;omjzpfygonf/

tb,faMumihf *Euk#d (eHYomausmif;) [k ac:qdkMuygoenf;

qdkaomf bk&m;zl;wdkYonf bk&m;ausmif;awmfodkYvmMuaomtcg-

(1) yef;qdkif;? yef;uHk;? yef;cdkifwdkYudkvnf;aumif;?

(2) eHYom? tcdk;? txHk? t&nfwdkYudkvnf;aumif;?

(3) eHYomtyspf&nfwdkYukdvnf;aumif;?

(4) eHYomtrIefYwdkYudkvnf;aumif;?

,laqmifvmMuNyD;vQif tvGef½dkaopGmjzihf BuJjzefY? csdwfqGJ?

eHYom&nfwdkYudk vufig;acsmif;&mjyKvsuf okwfvdrf;ylaZmfMuygonf/

t&mtaxmifrsm;pGmaomvlwdk Y vSL'gef;zefrsm;aomtcg

oif;ysHUarT;BudKifaom &eHYwdkYonf tqufrjywftvsOfrjywf arT;BudKif

xHkoif;vsuf&Sdaeayonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m ausmif;awmf

jrwfonf rÍÆLouewfyef;yifBuD;uJhodkYvnf;aumif;? [dr0EÅmawmBuD;

a[rmüom&Sdaom yef;aygif;pHk&*HkBuD;uJhodkYvnf;aumif;? ykyæe*&&mZN*dK[f

NrdKUBuD;uJhodkYvnf;aumif;? vGefpGmarT;BudKifvdIifysHUtHhzG,f&SdawmfrlaomaMumihf

*Euk#d (eHYomausmif;) [k tvdktavsmuf trnfemrwGifcJh&avonf/

eH Yomausmif;BuD;wnfaeyH k

xdk*Euk#dausmif;awmfBuD;udk oD;jcm;y&d0kPfwHwkdif;i,fum&H

í xm;&Sdav\/ 0if&mxGuf&mwHcg;rkcfjymom'fudkvnf; jyKvkyfxm;\/

bk&m;zl;oGm;Muaomtcg y&d0kPfwHcg;0odkYa&mufvQif? ajcoHrrnfatmif

cyfzGzGuav;eif;í oGm;&\/ cg;udkñGwf? OD;acgif;udk cyf½dkU½dkUjyKum

vuftkyfcsDíoGm;Mu&\/ Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfonf qdwfNidrfat;csrf;jcif;udk

txl;vdkvm;awmfrlonfr[kwfygavm/

a&TwHcg;BuD; tvdkvdkyGih fydwfav\/

*Emuk#dausmif;awmfodkY jrwfpGmbk&m;0ifawmfrlvmonf&Sdaomf

a&TwHcg;BuD;onf tvdkvdkyGihfí? jrwfpGmbk&m;ausmif;awmftwGif;odkY

a&muf&Sdawmfrlaomtcg a&TwHcg;BuD;tvkdvdk jyefydwfoGm;av\/ ,ck

acwfvQyfppfwHcg;rsdK;r[kwfyJ? ,if;odkYtvdktavsmuftyGihftydwfjyKyHk

tjcif;t&mudk jrifawGUMu&aom bk&m;zl;y&dowfwdkYu txl;tHhMo

MunfndKMu&avonf/

omrefvlwd k Y0ifa&mufMu&mwGif

bk&m;zl;vm omrefvlwdk Yonf a&TwHcg;BuD;ydwfxm;aom

tqdkyg *Euk#dausmif;awmfteD;odkYa&mufMuaomtcg cyftkyftkyfacsmif;

[efYoHay;Mu&onf/ xdkYaemuf wHcg;BuD;\tv,f oHaumufaygufteD;ü

vufonf;jzihf tomt,mjcpf&acguf&\/

Nidrf;csrf;OD;Nidrf;csrf;OD;Nidrf;csrf;OD;Nidrf;csrf;OD;Nidrf;csrf;OD;

xdktcg jrwfpGmbk&m;onf zvormywfrSxí vufawmfudk

qefYwef;awmfrlvsuf wHcg;yGihfap[k pdwfñGwfawmfrlvkdufonf/ xdktcg

a&TwHcg;awmftvdkvdkyGihfoGm;&avonf/ xdkpOftcgwGifrS bk&m;zl;y&dowf

wdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;txHawmfodkY 0ifa&mufMuí? ½dkaopGm&Sdcdk;Mu&av

onf/ þonfwdkYonfum; *Emuk#da&TwHcg;awmfyGihfyHk? bk&m;zl;Mu&yHk

rsm; jzpfawmhonf/

a&TwHcg;BuD;acguf&efoH k;Xme

a&TwHcg;acguf&ef (1) ewfjA[®m/ (2) vl/ (3) e*g;rif;wdkY

twGuf oHk;XmeowfrSwfxm;onf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;oDwif;oHk;awmfrl&m *Euk#dodkY ewfjA[®mrsm; vm

a&mufMuaomtcg a&TwHcg;\ txufydkif;rS acguf&\/ vl&Sif&[ef;wdkY

bk&m;zl;vmMuaomtcg wHcg;\tv,foHacgufaygufteD;rSm tom

t,m acguf&\/ e*g;rif;wkd YvmMuaomtcg wHcg;\atmufajcrS

acguf&avonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif wHcg;zGih fydwfrvkyf&ygoenf;

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf rdrd\vufawmfjzihf tqdkygwHcg;BuD;udk

zGihfjcif; ydwfjcif; tb,faMumihf rjyKvkyf&ygoenf;/

þtcsufü t|uxmq&monf ygPd"r®orm"d*kPfjzihf

wefqmqifí a&TwHcg;u bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm;[ef? rdrdzmom

tvdkvdkzGihfay;&efwdkYjzihf a&;om;zGihfqdkavonf/

wHcg;\ avQmufxm;[efum; bkef;awmfBuD;jrwfawmfrlaom

jrwfpGmbk&m;? t&SifjrwfpGmbk&m;wdkYonf uka#uk#m r&omatmif

rsm;ajrmifvSpGmaom urÇmwdkYü t&Sifbk&m;wdkY\vufawmfjzihf tvSL

awmfwdkYudk ay;vSLawmfrltyfygNyD/

tvSLa&pufvufESifhruGmay;vSLcJhaom þvufawmfjzihf

wynhfawmfuJhodkYaom wHcg;tao;tEkyfudk zGihfawmfrrlygESihfbk&m;/ wdkYxd

awmfrrlygESifhbk&m;/ t&Sifjrwfbk&m;\ pdwfawmfjrwftvdkqEtwkdif;

wynhfawmfzmomzGifhygrnf? ydwfygrnfbk&m;[k qdka,mifjyKí a&TwHcg;

awmftvdkvdkzGifhjcif;? ydwfjcif;jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufavonf/

tdk..pm½Iol"r ®rdwfaqGtaygif;olawmfaumif;wdkY? tuREfkyf

wdkY\ udk;uG,f&mbk&m;jrwfpGmonf þodkYaom bkef;wefcdk;ESihfjynhfpHkawmf

rlygay\/ tuREfkyfwdkYonf þodkY bkef;awmf*kPfawmfr*Fvmusufoa&

awmfwdkYESihf jynhfpHkawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;udk zl;awGUEdkifMu&ef a&TwHcg;

BuD;rsm; tqifoihfzGifhvSpfxm;aom a&Twd*Hk? a&Tarmfa"m? r[mrked? ref;

pufawmf? jynfa&TqHawmf? ausmuúma&T*leDponf bk&m;apwDykxdk;rsm;udk

uREkfyfwdkY tm;yg;w&zl;ajrmfuefawmhMuygukefpdk Y/ þuJhodkY bk&m;zl;

Mu&rnftcsdef? uREfkyfwdkYü b,fESpfESpf usefygao;ovJ/ owdjyKawmfrl

Muapvdkownf;/

'DCedum,ygVdawmf? t|uxmESihf rHk&Gmta&SUv,fwDwdkuf

t*¾r[my@dwb'ÉÅuk@vjyKpkawmfrlaom r[mokw'DyeDusrf;udk

rSDjirf;jyKí a&;om;ygonf/ Nidrf;csrf;OD;

jrwfpGmbk&m; oDwif;oHk;&m *Eük#d (eHYomausmif;)rS a&TwHcg;awmfBuD;

14

DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

a&SUrsufESmzk H;rStquf

b0wefzdk; t&,l

twdwfudk awG;? raqG;aveJY

twdwfqdkwm jyefrvmbl;/

tem*wfrSef;q? rvGrf;weJY?

tem*wfqd kwm? raocsmbl;/

ypöKyÜefrSm? vkyfoifh&m0,f

ynmvHk Yv? toHk;csvsuf

b0wefzd k;? tm;rmefwdk;í

jrwfEd k; MunfjzL? t&,lavmh/

onf;cHjcif;

onf;cHw,f qdkwm?

t&m&mud k tNyHK;rysuf

&ifqdkif&JwJh owådudkac:w,f/

a'gufwmt&SifeE´rmvmbd0Ho/

b0c&D;0,f a&G;cs,f&rnhfvrf;

vlwdkif;vlwdkif; b0wpfckudk &xm;Muw,f/ &xm;MuwJhb0rSm

udk;uG,f&m bmomw&m;awGu trsdK;pHkatmif &SdaeMuw,f/ bmom

w&m; a[majymwJhyk*¾dKvfawGrsm;ovdk ,HkMunfcsufawGu rsm;vnf;rsm;

trsdK;vnf; pHkw,f/ Oyrm bmeJYwlovJqdkawmh ajryHkBuD;wpfcsyfrSm

vrf;qHkawG trsm;BuD;ygaewmrsdK;eJYwlw,f/ ra&mufzl;wJha'o c&D;oGm;

&if; vrf;qHka&mufaewJh yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muf[m b,fvrf;u avQmuf&r,f

qdkwmudk a&G;cs,fzdkY awmfawmfcJ,Of;w,f/

'DuaeYacwfudk MunhfygOD;/ udk;uG,f&m bmomw&m;awGu

trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ bmomw&m; wpfckeJYwpfck ,HkMunfcsufawG a[majym

csufawG uGJjym;jcm;em;aeMuw,f/ trSefw&m;vdkYajymwJh t&mawmifrS

wp fc ke J Ywp fc k qe f Yusi faewmawG U&w,f/ bmomwpfc ku

trSefvdkYajymwJh t&m[m tjcm;bmomwpfckrSm trSm;jzpfaejyefw,f/

trSm;trSefa&G;cs,fEd kif&ef pHr&S dbl;

trSm;eJYtrSef a&G;cs,fEdkifzdkY&ef pHr&Sdbl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if a&G;cs,fwwf

zdkY tifrwefrS cJ,Of;ygvdrhfr,f/ 'DvdktajctaersdK;rSm b0c&D;udk b,f

vrf;u avQmuf&rvJ qdkwm udk,hf[mudk,f a&G;cs,fwwfzdkY tifrwef

rS ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ Ak'bmomtodkif;t0dkif;xJrSmawmifrSyJ ta&G;cuf

aewmawG &SdaewmyJ/

cG J jcm;odzd k Y tvGefcufw,f

Oyrm- jrefrmEdkifiHrSm ur®|mef;trsdK;rsdK;? &dyfomtrsdK;rsdK; &Sdae

w,f/ &SdaewJhtxJrSm wcsdKU&dyfomu ½I&r,fvdkY a[mwJht&mudk? wcsdKU

&dyfomu r½I&bl;vdkY a[mwmrsdK;awG &Sdw,f/ wzef r½I&bl;vdkY a[mwJh

t&mudk ½I&r,fvdkY a[mwmrsdK;awGvnf; &Sdw,f/ tJ'DvdkrwlnDwJh a[m

ajymcsufudk pmayusrf;*efruRrf;usifwJh yk*¾dKvfwpfa,muftaeeJY b,f

[mu trSef? b,f[mu trSm;qdkwm cGJjcm;odzdkY tvGefcufygvdrhfr,f/

avQmufvSrf;&r,hf vrf;aMumif;trSef

tJ'Dvdk trSm;trSef a&G;cs,fzdkYcufaewJhyk*¾dKvfawGtwGuf Ak'

jrwfpGmu avQmufvSrf;p&m vrf;aMumif;av;wpfckudk a&G;cs,fay;

awmfrlcJhw,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkYwpfawG b0c&D;oGm;wJhtcg bk&m;a&G;ay;wJh

vrf;u avQmufMu&rSmjzpfw,f/ trSefw&m;eJYywfoufNyD; awGa0p&m

awG awGUvmvdkY&Sd&if rSefuefwJhvrf;udk b,fvdka&G;rvJqdkwmudk Ak'jrwfpGm

u auorkwådokwf rSm a[mxm;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dokwfudk umvmrokwf

vkdYvnf; ac:w,f/

bkef;BuD;u 'DuaeY umvmrokwf udk NcHKiHktESpfxkwfNyD;awmh

umvmrokwfrSm Ak'¨a[mMum;awmfrlcJhwJh a&G;cs,f&r,hfvrf;qdkwm

bmvJqdkwmudk &Sif;vif;a[mMum;rSmjzpfw,f/ bkef;BuD;wdkYwpfawG b0

c&D;udk avQmufvSrf;MuwJhtcgrSm &J0Hhjywfom;pGm udk,hfvrf;udk,f a&G;Mu

zdkYyg/ jrwfpGmbk&m;uvnf; xdkuJhodkY a&G;zdkY&eftwGuf enf;vrf;ñTefjyNyD;

awmh a[mxm;wmjzpfygw,f/

umvmrokwf a[m&ma'o

'Dokwfudk a[mwJhae&ma'o[m ,cktdEd,EdkifiHu aumov

wkdif;xJrSm tygt0ifjzpfwJh ed*Hk;&GmBuD;wpf&GmyJ/ tJ'D&GmBuD;udk auorkwåd

&GmvdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'D auorkwåd&GmBuD;u awmtkyfBuD;wpfck&JU t0if0

rSm &Sdw,f/ awmpcef;udk jzwfoef;vdkolwdkif; xdkauorkwåd&GmrSm wnf;cdk

pcef;csNyD;rS awmtkyfBuD;udk jzwfoef;Mu&w,f/

awmtkyfBuD;udk jzwfoef;NyD; a&mufvmcJhMuwJh yk*¾dKvfwdkif;

[mvnf; 'D auorkwåd qdkwJh ed*Hk;&GmrSm acwåcP pcef;cs&yfem;Mu&

w,f/ auorkwåd&GmBuD;[m c&D;oGm;awG pcef;cs&m wnf;cdk&mXmeBuD;

wpfck jzpfaewmayhg/ tJ'Dauorkwåd&Gm pcef;BuD;rSm pD;yGm;a&; c&D;oGm;

rsm;omru bmoma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfawGvnf; a&mufvmavh&SdMuw,f/

tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfawG a&mufvmwJhtcg auorkwåd&GmrSm bmomw&m;a[majym

yGJawG vkyfoGm;avh&Sdw,f/

olY[mrSm;w,f igh[mrS rSefw,f

bmomw&m;a[mwJh yk*¾dKvfwdkif;om olYt,l0g'udk a&SUwef;

wif taumif;ajymNyD; wjcm;yk*¾dKvfawG&JU t,l0g'udk ykwfcwfjypfwif

NyD; a[majymavh&Sdw,f/ olY0g'u aumif;aMumif; rSefuefaMumif;? wjcm;

0g'awG raumif;aMumif; rrSefaMumif; a[majymavh&SdMuw,f/ rdrd0g'

udk taumif;ajymNyD; wjcm;0g'awGudk jypfwif½Iwfcsajyma[mMuw,f/

&ifxJu oHo,pum;awGeJ Y

jrwfpGmbk&m;<uvmwJhtcg auorkwåd&Gmu umvmrvdkYac:

wJh vlrsdK;pkawG[m bk&m;&Sd&m vma&mufMuw,f/ xdkacwfu Ak'jrwfpGm

[m *kPfowif;tifrwefBuD;wJh yk*¾dKvfjzpfw,f/ bk&m;<uvmNyDqdk&ifyJ

vltrsm;vma&mufzl;ajrmfqnf;uyfavh&SdMuw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u auo

rkwåd&Gmu umvmrvlrsdK;awG[m jrwfpGmbk&m;udk vma&mufqnf;uyf

NyD;awmh olwdkY&JU &ifxJu oHo,pum;awG udk avQmufxm;Muw,f/

xdkpOfu umvmrvlrsdK;awG[m Ak'bmomawG [kwf[efrwl

bl;/ odkYaomf emrnfausmfMum;wJhbmoma&; acgif;aqmifwpfOD;vmw,f

qdkNyD;awmh jrwfpGmbk&m;udk vma&mufawGUMuwJh oabmyJ/ tJ'DvdkawGUwJh

tcsdefrSm umvmrvlrsdK;awGu bmavQmufvnf;qdkawmh-

trSefodzd k Y cufaeMuw,f

]t&Sifbk&m;wJh bmoma&; *dkPf;toD;oD;u bmoma&;q&m

awG[m 'Da'oudka&mufvmMuw,fbk&m;/ a&mufvmwJhtcg olwdkY&JU

bmomw&m;? olwdkY&JU t,l0g'? aumif;aMumif; a[majymMuygw,f/

wjcm;t,l0g'awGudkawmh jypfwif½IwfcsMuw,fbk&m;/ tJ'Dawmh

wynhf awmfwdkYrSm b,f[mu rSefw,f? b,f[mu rrSefbl;qdkwm

odzdkYcufae ygw,f bk&m;wJh}/

'DaeYacwf bmomrJ hawGay:vmMuwm

'DuaeYacwfrSmvnf; 'DvdktajctaeyJav/ avmurSm bmom

w&m;awGu wpfckeJYwpfck rwlMubl;/ rwlwJhbmomw&m;awG &SdaewJh

txJrSm [dkbmom udk;uG,f&Edk;? 'Dbmomudk;uG,f&Edk; ra0cGJEdkifMubl;/

15

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/


[dkbmomu aumif;Edk;Edk;? 'Dbmomu aumif;Edk;Edk;? b,fbmomudk

a&G;cs,f udk;uG,f&rSef;? b,fbmom&JU tqHk;trudk vkdufem&rSef; rod

atmif wcsdKUvlawGrSm tcufBuHKaeMuwmyg/ 'ghaMumihf 'DuaeYacwfrSm

bmomrJh qdkolawG ay:vmwmayhg/

auorkwå&Gmu vlawGuvnf; 'DvdktcufBuHKaevdkY jrwfpGm

bk&m;eJYawGUwJhtcg avQmufMuw,f/ avQmufawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;u-

]at; [kwfwmayhg? trSefw&m;qdkNyD; trsdK;rsdK;ajymaeMuw,fqdkawmh

b,f[mrSefovJ? b,f[mrSm;ovJqdkwm oHo,jzpfp&mBuD;ayhgwJh/}}

(qufvufazmfjyygrnf;)

Ak'jrwfpGmomoemawmfjrwfBuD; wnfwHhjyefYyGm;ap&eftwGuf

rsdK;qufopfvli,frsm;\ tcef;u@rSm tvGefta&;BuD;vSygonf/

bmoma&;? omoema&; ESifhywfoufaom tajccH? todrSef? tjrifrSef

rsm;udk &Sif;vif;pGm odjrifEdkifMuzdkY&m vdktyfygonf/ xdkYaMumihf vli,frsm;

ESihf bmoma&;? omoema&;pum;rsm; tjyeftvSefaqG;aEG;jcif;udk

uRefawmfhtae jzihf omoemjyKvkyfief;wpfcktjzpf oabmxm;ygonf/

wpfckaompum;0dkif;wGif vli,fwpfOD;u ar;\/ ]]q&m Ak'0g'

[m avmuDBuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;rSm toHk;0ifygovm;}} ]]jrwfAk'&JU 0g'[m

avmuD (avmutwGif;)? avmukwå&m (avmurS vGwfajrmufjcif;)

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wJh0g'[mvnf; jrwfAk'&JU omoemawmfrSmyJ &Sdygw,f}}/

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ajymyg&ap}}

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rsm;udk uRefawmf r[efYwm;yg/ vrf;zGifhay;vdkuf\/

]]&ygw,f? yGifhyGifhvif;vif;yJ ajymMuwmayhg}}

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ac:w,f/ tJ'gawGu ...

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vkyfvkyf? x<uvHkYv0D&d,eJY jynfhpHkrS atmifjrifrIawG udk &Edkifr,f? rjynfh

pHk&if atmifjrifrIawGudk r&Edkifbl;}}

(2) tm&u©orÜ'g= &&SdvmwJh OpömpD;yGm;awGudk raysmuf

rysufatmif xde;fodrf;Edkif&r,f ]]pD;wJha& qnfwJhuefoif;}} qdkovdkayhg/

(3) tcsufu uvsmPrdwåorÜ'g rdwfaumif;aqGaumif;eJY

aygif;azmfMu&r,f/ rdwfaumif;aqGaumif; av;rsdK;&Sdw,f/

(u) aus;Zl;jyKwwfí pdwfaumif;ESvHk; aumif; &SdaomrdwfaqG?

(c) csrf;omtwl qif;&Jtwljzpfí pdwfaumif;ESvHk;aumif;

&Sdaom rdwfaqG?

(*) tusdK;pD;yGm;udk ajymMum;wwfí pdwfaumi;fESvHk;aumif;

&SdaomrdwfaqG?

(C) tpOfoem;wwfí pdwfaumif; ESvHk;aumif;&Sdaom

rdwfaqGwdkYjzpfw,f/

rdwfaqGwk 4 rsdK;uawmh

(u) t,lom&SdNyD; tay;r&Sdaom rdwfaqGwk?

(c) EIwfjzihfom avmuGwfvkyfNyD; vufrygaomrdwfaqGwk?

(*) tBudKufudkom ajymqdkavh&Sdaom rdwfaqGwk?

(C) ysufpD;aMumif;awGrSmom taygif; tazmfjzpfaom

rdwfaqGwkqdkNyD; &SdMuw,f/

(4) orZD0dworÜ'g Opömtiftm;ESihf nDrQpGm wkdif;xGmoHk;pGJ

wwf&r,f/ jrwfAk'&JU avmuDorÜ'gw&m; av;rsdK;eJY tnD BudK;pm;r,f

qdk&if avmuDBuD;yGm;csrf;oma&;awGudk b,folrqdk &,lydkifqdkif&rSm

rvGJbl;/ 'gaMumifh jrwfAk'&JU0g'[m avmuDBuD;yGm;csrf; om;a&;rSmvJ

tcuftcJr&Sdygbl;/ rvdkufemMu&ifom tusdK;rJhjzpfrSmyg}}

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t&ifu awG;xifxm;wmu uRefawmfwdk Y wkdif;jynf&JUordkif;rSm

uRe f jzp f c J h&wmutp p D ;y Gm;a&;aemufusc J h&wmutqH k ;

tm;vH k;[m Ak'¨0g'aMumif hvd k Yom xifrdcJ hwmyg/ wu,fawmh

Ak'¨0g'aMumif hr[kwfbJ Ak'¨&JU0g'udk rvkdufemMuvdk Yom jzpfcJ h

&wmyg}}/

]][kwfwmayhguGm? rif;wdkYtckvdk todrSefawG &vmwmudk

igtrsm;BuD; 0rf;omw,f/ rif;wdkYeJYywfoufwJh yk*¾dKvfrSeforQudkvnf;

udk,fwwfpGrf;orQ jyefvnf&Sif;vif;ajymMum;Muyg}}

]][kwfuJhygq&m? uRefawmfwdkY BudK;pm;yghr,f/ aemufaemifvnf;

tckvdk bmom a&; pum;0dkif;rsdK; qHkcsifygao;w,f/ tckvdk &Sif;vif;

ajymMum;wmudkvnf; aus;Zl;wifygw,f}}/

vli,fav;rsm;rSm olwdkYtjrif r&Sif;rvif;jzpfaeaom t,l

tqwpfckudk &Sif;vif;pGm odvdkuf&aomaMumihf auseyfoGm;Mu\/

uRefawmfrSmvnf; olwdkYudkMunhfí 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpf&avawmh

ownf;/

tifyif oef;aX;atmif

vli,frsm;ESifh

aqG;aEG;jcif;

tifyif oef;aX;atmif

16

DHAMMA DEW"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/

aorsKd;uzGm;? aooGm;avjyef

aorsKd;igvJ? aoNrJ{uef

aorSmrkcs? jzpf&avjyef

ocFg&? ½IMutzefzef/ /

txufyg pmydk'fav;onf ÓPfxHk? ÓPfenf;? ÓPfjrifrGJMu

ukefaom? pma&;oltygt0if? vltaygif;wdkYtm; aojcif;w&m;udk

qifjcifjcif;trI owdjyKEkdifMuap&ef &nfñGef;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/

,ckaoqHk;olonf ,cifu iguJhodkYyifoGm;EkdifvmEkdifajymEkdif

qdkEkdifaeEkdifcJhygaomfvnf; ,cktcgwGif ½kwfw&wfcsKyfysufvkdYEIwfquf

cJhavNyD? wpfaeYwGif igonfvnf; oluJhodkYyif vrf;cGJrSm0rf;enf;pGmESihf

tartbatmfumw&OD;rSmvm;vdkY rdrdta&;udk BudKwifawG;NyD; owd

oHa0*BuD;pGm&ap&efESihf taovGwfaMumif; tusihfaumif;udk usihfBuH

tm;xkwfEkdifap&ef þpmydk'fuav;u &nf&G,fjcif;jzpfygonf/

raovdkvQif okomefoGm;

]]raovdkvQif okomefoGm; r&Pmowd=ememyGm;}}[lí qHk;rcJh

NyD? ]]romwpfacguf? ausmif;q,facguf}} [kqdk½dk;pum;tpOftvmwpf

&yfjzpfcJh&ygonf/ þqkd½dk;pum;\ t"dyÜg,fudk tcsdKUu bkef;BuD;ausmif;

q,facgufoGm;í 'gerI oDvrIwdkYudk jyKvkyf&&Sdaom tusKd;ESihf rdrdESihf

wpf&yfuGufwnf;&if;ESD;aom olwpfOD;\ romydkYaqmifjcif;wGif vlrIa&;

t& ocsØKif;odkY vdkufygoGm;jcif;wdkYrS &&Sdrnfh tusKd;w&m;csif; twlwlyJ

[k em;vnfvufcHMuygonf/

romwpfacgufoGm;&mwGif

ausmif;q,facgufoGm;&mwGif oGm;wdkif;? oGm;wdkif;? ukodkvf

apwem? t&if;cHí 'ge? oDvtrIwdkYudk jyKNrJwdkif;jyKjzpfí? ypöKyÜef oHo&m

wGif vGefpGmtusKd;BuD;ygonf/ þuJhodkY tusKd;BuD;rm;aom aumif;rI

ukokdvfwdkYESihf wlrQaom (0g) omvGefaom romwpfacgufonf tb,f

uJhodkYygenf;/

,ckacwf romyd k YaqmifMuyH krsm;

pma&;ol jrifrdMum;rdonfrsm;rS tcsdKUwdkY\ romydkYaqmifMu

yHkrSm-

-aooludk taMumif;jyKvkdY? raoolawG aygif;pkum?

-um;ay:rSmw0kef;0kef;eJY? &,farmum&,f&TifNyHK;NyD;?

-jyefc&D;rSm ae&mOD;zdkY? pdwfBuHeJY t"d|mefum?

-ocsØKif;ajr igreif;? um;ay:rS b,fcgrSrqif;/

&vdrh fr,fygYukokdvfBuD;

þuJhokdYaom romydkYaqmifMuolrsm;twGuf (jzL;)q&mawmf

OD;e&ywd a[movdkajym&&ifjzihf &vdrhfr,fygY ukodkvfBuD;? trSefpifppf

pm½Ioltaygif;[m olrsm;romudkvdkufydkY&if; udk,fhromvnf; b,fawmh

cs&rvJqdkwmudkom qifjcifowd&zdkYyg? (trmwm ykwdåuab;)qdkwJh

trduom;udk om;utrdudk ru,fEkdifwJhab;qdk;uyfqdk;BuD;uawmh

,ckb0rSm {uefwdus&ifqdkif&rSmudk odxm;zdkYyifjzpfyg\/

armifouf(a&T jynfom)armifouf(a&T jynfom)

armifouf(a&T jynfom)armifouf(a&T jynfom)

armifouf(a&T jynfom)

taZÑ0 r&PHoka0

Ak'jrwfpGmu ]oka0- eufzefcgü? ZD0dwH0g- touf&Sifae&OD;

rnfudkvnf;aumif;? r&PH0g=ao&rnfudkvnf;aumif;? aumZnm-

tb,folodEkdifygtHhenf;} [k a[mMum;cJhygonf/

tcsdefyd kif;omvdkawmhonf

rdk;ukwfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;u ]igonf rkcsao&rnf tcsdef

ydkif;omvkdawmhonf? taorOD;rD ÓPfOD;atmif 0dyóemw&m;udk

tm;xkwfygawmhrnf}} [k owdwrmef? ÓPfajruwkwf? ynmpGrf;? cRef;uJh

odkYtkyfEkdif&efjyif;jyif;xefxef pl;pl;&S&S tqHk;trMo0g'ay;cJhygonf/

oaAÁowåm bm,EÅd rpöKem=owå0gwdkif; ao&rSmudk aMumuf

Muonf/ wu,fawmh ao&rSmudk aMumufvQif &Sifjcif;udkvnf; &GHrkef;&

ygrnf/ &Sifjcif;tjzpfaMumifhaojcif;tysufodkY a&mufcJh&ygonf/

oydwftk di fq&mawmfBuD; OD;udwd åu ]]td k;xdef;onf\

vkyfavorQaom tdk;wdkYonf uGJjcif;ü tqHk;owfMuavonf/ toufESihf

cEmudk &xm;aom b0wpfckonf aojcif;jzihfom tqHk; owfMu\}}[k

owday;awmfrlygonf/

touf&Sifjcif;onfaojcif;vQif tqHk;&S d\

q&mawmfBuD; t&Sifao|dv\ "r®y'jrefrmjyefwGifvnf;

]]EGm;ausmif;om;onf ESifwHjzihf EGm;wdkYudk usufpm;&m jrufcif;odkY ESifouJh

okdY tkdjcif;? aojcif;onf owå0gwkYd\ toufudk aorif;EkdifiHodkY ydkYESif\?

þcEmudk,f ½kyfonf? aqG;ajrUa[mif;jrif; tdkrif;wwf\? tema&m*gwdkY

\ wnf&mvnf;jzpf\/ tykyf&nf tNrJ,dkpD;í ykyfaqG;ysufpD;wwf\/

touf&Sifjcif;onf aojcif;vQif tqHk;&Sd\}} [k rdefYawmfrlonf/

aoyH kaoenf;rsm;ESih fpyfí

aojcif;ESihf ywfoufí aoyHkaoenf;wGifvnf; rdvdE´yÍ§m

usrf;wGif rdvdErif;BuD;u ]]t&Sifem*aoebk&m;? owå0gtm;vHk;wdkYonf

aocsdefa&mufrS aoMuygoavm? aocsdefra&mufrD aoMu&ygoavm}}

[kavQmufxm;&m? &Sifem*aoerax&fu ]]rif;jrwf tdkrif;&ihfa&mfí

aoolwdkYonf aocsdefa&mufrS aoMu&avukef\? <uif;aom owå0g

wdkYwGif tcsdKUonf uHESdyfpufíaoukef\/ tcsdKUonf *wdESdyfpufíao

ukef\/ tcsdKUonftjyKtrlESdyfpufíaoukef\/ xdkolwdkYu aocsdef

ra&mufrD aoMu&avukef\}} [krdefYqdk\/

þae&mwGif vlYb0aoqHk;yHkESihfqDrD;cGufaoNidrf;yHkwdkYudk EdIif;,SOf

MunhfvdkufvQif ydkí oabmaygufygvdrfhrnf/

1/ ur®u©,= uHukefíaojcif;/ (rD;pmukefjcif;)

2/ tm,ku©,= oufwrf;ukefíaojcif;/ (qDcef;jcif;)

3/ Oyapä'u= vufwavmaojcif;/ (ya,m*aMumihfjzpfjcif;)

4/ Ob,u©,=oufwrf;ESihfuHpGrf;ESpfyg;pHkukefíaojcif;

(rD;pmukefí qDcef;jcif;jzpfygonf)/

owdudk todESifhudkufatmif

oHa0*ÓPf&ihfoefap&ef w&pyfjzpfysufaeaom cE¨mudk

rjrifcif txnfoP²mefynwfjzihf arG;tdkemaocEm? oHo&mrvnfwwf

17

DHAMMA DEW

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/

aom rdrd olwpfyg;cEmwdkYtm; orxxGif;azmuf oHa0*ÓPfta&muf

ydkYaqmifEdkif&ef? owdESifhtodudk udkufnDatmifBudK;pm;wwfMu&ygrnf/

odaomolonf arhavsmhayhgqaevdkY rawmfqdkaompum;twdkif;

onmod? 0dÓPfod? ynmodwGif onmodudkqifjcifí oHa0*ÓPfjzpfrS

avmuDtm½Hkudk txifBuD;pdwf avsmhenf;vmNyD; jrifjriforQt&mwkdif;udk

txifrBuD;aompdwfjzihf a&G;cs,fwwfvmum bm0emESifhw&m;pum;rsm;

aqG;aEG;csifvmNyD; ol,kwfrmudka&SmifMuOfí *kPfyumoeudk txifodyf

rBuD;awmhay/

rxl;wmudk rxl;rSef;odae&if

jzpfavh"r®wm vlaowmudkvnf;? vltjrifaumif;atmif

csD;rGrf;cH&atmif? 0rf;enf;rSef;odatmif? 0drf;enf;yufvufarharsmwufr

wuf csufrwufvkyfjyraeawmhygbl;/ rxl;wmudk rxl;rSef;od&ifbmrS

txl;tqef;vkyfjyaep&m rvkdawmhygbl;/

þae&mü ok'wå ajr;ri,faoqHk;í ausmif;tr0domcgtm;

Ak'jrwfpGmu ]]ayrawm Zm,wd aomaum- cspfcifwG,fwmrIaMumifh

aomua&muf&\/ wpfzef b0eduEÅd- &vmaomb0wpfckudk ESpfouf

Mu\[k ajymMum;awmfrl\/

ew¬dcE¨orH'ku©H

þuJhodkY rdrdolwpfyg;b0rsm;udk ESpfoufcHkrifwyfrufcsifwJh

twGufaMumifh &m*ó y[me, tokbm bma0wAÁm-wyfrufrIrjzpf

atmif tokbur®|mef;udk Budrfzefrsm;pGm yGm;rsm;yg[k jrwfAk'wdkufwGef;

awmfrlcJhygonf/ ur®|mef;enf;aygif;av;q,fwGif pufqkwf&GH&GmzG,f

tokbur®|mef;q,fyg;ESihf aojcif;w&m;udk qifjcifatmufarhaom

r&Pmówdur®|mef;wdkYyg0ifygonf/ ,if;w&m;wdkYudk ,HkMunfpGJNrJpGm?

qifjcifyGm;rsm;cJhygvQif? ew¬d cE- orH 'ku©H- cEm&jcif;ESihfwlaom qif;&J

rnfonfr&Sd qdkwmudk em;vnfoabmaygufvmygrnf/

b0ESih fcsrf;om[lonf

q&mBuD;OD;a&Tatmifuvnf; b0cE¨mESifhoHo&mcsrf;omudk

]]b0[lonf arQmfvihfcsufjzifh vTrf;NcHKxm;aom aomu½kyfxkrQomjzpf

onf/ oHo&mcsrf;om[lonf aomuudkarQmfvihfcsufjzihf vTrf;NcHKxm;

aom csrf;omjzpfonf}}- [k t"dyÜm,fzGifhjycJhygonf/ trSefrSm b0ESihf

csrf;omonf ylyifaMumihfMuAsmyg'ESifh vdkcsifrSef;qwrf;wae&jcif;yif

jzpfygonf/

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aomtcsdefwGif ysuf&rnfu trSefyifjzpfygonf[k rdefYawmfrlygonf/

tokpduawm- acs;td k; BuD;

wzef ]]'ku©u©Eó- qif;&JrItpkta0;BuD;jzpfonf}} [k twd

tusa[mjycJhygonf/ &GH&SmzG,ftjzpfESihfvnf;- rm*@DykPÖm? rm*@D

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qHk;rcJhygonf/ trSefawmhvnf; rsufpdu rsufacs;? em;u em;zmacs;?

ESmacgif;u ESyfacs;? yg;pyfu oGm;acs;? udk,fcEmrS acs;rsdK;pHk pdrfh,dkxGuf

aeonfom r[kwfygvm;/

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t*kFwådK&f 'kwd,wGJ? O'g,DokwfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;tm; t&Sif

tmeE´mu- tzefzefatmufarhtyfaom taMumif;t&mig;rsdK;udk

avQmufMum;&mü t&Sifbk&m; aemufwpfrsdK;u ajcz0g;rStxuf qHyif

zsm;rSatmuf- xuf0ef;usifta&;tygqHk;aom rpifMu,fonhf t&m

trsdK;rsdK;wdkYjzihf jynhfESufvsuf&Sdaom þ½kyftaygif;udkyif pl;pdkufqifjcif&m

\/

þ½kyftaygif;ü qHyif? arG;n§if;? ajconf;? vufonf;? oGm;?

ta&xl ta&yg;? tom;? taMum? t½dk;? ½dk;wGif;csOfqD? tn§dKU? ESvHk;?

tonf;? tajr§;? trsOf;? tqkyf? tlr? tlodrf? tpmopf? tpma[mif;?

OD;aESmuf? onf;ajc? ovdyf? jynf? aoG;? acR;? tqDcJ? rsuf&nf? qDMunf?

wHawG;? ESyf? tap;? usifi,f ponhf (32) aum|motm; pl;pdkufqifjcif

\/ þodkY yGm;rsm;tyf tBudrfzefrsm;pGm jyKtyfonf&Sdaomf umrüpGJruf

rI umr&m*udky,f&efjzpfyg\/

aemufwpfrsdK;u aoí wpf&ufESpf&ufoHk;&uf&Sdaom olao

aumif? zl;a&mifaeaom ½kyfysufqif;ysufvsuf? ndKrJaeaom jynfuJhodkY

pufqkyfzG,ftykyf&nf,dkpD;aom? ocsØKif;ü pGefYypfxm;aom olaoaumif

udk jrif&ouJhodkY þig\½kyftaygif;onfvnf; þoabm&Sd\/ þodkY

jzpfvdrfhrnf/ þoabmudk rvGefqefEdkif[k ½kyftaygif;udk EdIif;pmí

qifjcif½I\/ þodkY yGm;rsm;tyf? Budrfzefrsm;pGm jyKtyfonf&Sdaomf?

igwum;[k axmifvTm;aomrmeudky,f&ef jzpfyg\[kavQmufav\/

jrwfAk'¨ jyefMum;&Sif;jyawmfrlcsuf

jrwfAk'u twGif;tjyifESpfXmeudkvnf; ig;yg;aomtjcif;t&m

tm;jzihf rpifMu,fonfhtjzpf? pufqkyfzG,ftjzpf? &GH&SmzG,ftjzpf?

raumif;aom&eHY&Sdonhftjzpf? rw,hfw,faomtokbtjzpf ½Ijrif&ef

a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/

pma&;olwdkY vuf&Sd&xm;aom b0BuD;onf aeYpOf&ufquf

tavmifrysufwJh rD;NidavmifuRrf;cHae&wJh jzpfpOfwpfckomjzpf\/

b0wPSmqdkwJh bHkb0udkcifwG,frIeJY twGif;u udavomrD;ESifh umr

wPSmqdkaom tm½Hkig;yg;udk pGJvrf;rIeJY tjyifu umr*kPfrD;avmifaejcif;

yif jzpfyg\/

romwpfacgufqd koavmuf c&D;aygufMu&atmif

xdkYaMumihf romwpfacgufqdkoavmuf c&D;aygufí tusdK;

a&mufMuygap&ef&nfoefí aus;Zl;awmf&Sif v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;

u -

]]wpfaeuG,f- aoe,fodk Ywpfcgul;vQifjzih f

arhavsmhum- aobl;rxifygeJ Y ?

aeuG,fwm- tBudrfrsm;vQif?

aoe,f&Gm- wpfBudrfoGm;ygvdrh f

wm;r&bl; .../}} [k qkH;rawmfrlcJ h\/

refvnfq&mawmfBuD;uvnf; rmCa'0vuFmopf (141) wGif

]]þocFg& [lorQvnf; edpö"l0? oówjzihf xm0&NrJ&m? r,SdpGmbl;?

ayrSmwoD;? wpfoufNyD;vsuf? usD;wpfom;ayguf? aemufEdIufrvm?

wpfBudrfomodkY? Z&mr&P? þ"r®vnf;? wpfb0rSm? "r®wmvdIif;? owå0g

xdkxdk? wpfBudrf tdku? aemufudkwç vnf;? ysdKonfr&Sd? aoonhfxdwnhf

...qHk;\rSefpGm? aoNrJom&Sihf? 0dZÆm aZmf*sD? wyoDESihf? avmuD£'dyg'f?

vGefBuD;jrwfonhf? rdk;ewfjA[®m? jzpfapumvnf;? ynmaq;0g;? rEÅ&m;

jzihf ukpm;t½dk;? wefcdk;zefqif;? tdkaojcif;rS? a&SmifuGif;b,frSm? vGwf

Edkif&mvdrfh}} [lí a&;om;qHk;rxm;onfudk od&Sdem;vnfvufcHvG,fEdkif

Muygap/

]]qif;&Jcsrf;om owå0gtaygif;

aumif;usd K;vd k&mqE´ jynh f0ygap}}

armifouf (a&Tjynfom)

DHAMMA-NUPASSANA-

18

"r®0D&onf rsKd;quftwGuf jzpfonf/

yckuúLq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; b'´EÅ £aEmbmor[max&f

a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom

ygVdyd#uwfawmf'DCedu,fr[m0*¾okwåefr[mowdyXmeokwfawmfvm

tvGefrGefjrwfvSNyD;em;vnfvG,fí edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;

vlwkdif;vufawGYusifhEkdifaom

"r®mEkyóemw&m;awmfjrwfþ]]"r®mEkyóemw&m;awmfjrwfonf omoemtwGuftvGeftusK d;&S d NyD;? omoemjyK&mvnf;a&mufonfrnfí? jrefrm

bmomwpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh tptqkH;azmfjyvkduf&ygonf/ ("r®0D&*sme,f)

(,ciftywfrStquf)

("r®mEkyóem)u (owd)eJY (ÓPf)jy|mef;w,f? (Ekyóem)

a&mufoGm;w,f? owdorÜZOfÓPfygawmh (owd)u (ynwf)udk oday;rS

0rf;xJrSm (y&rwf)a&mufwmyJ/ 'Dvdk (ynwf)udkcGmwJh (owd)r&Sd&if

(ynwf)yJa&mufawmhwmaygY? (ynwf)½IBuD;jzpfae&if bmtusKd;rS

r&Sdawmhbl;yJ...(rSefygY)

(owd)uae (ÓPf)jzpfw,fqdkwm (ynwf)cGmwwfvdkY (ÓPf)

jzpfwm(owdorÜZOfanm)wJh (ynwf)uGmoGm;&if (ÓPf)jzpfwmyJ/

opdwåHy&da,m'yeHwJh pdwfjzLpifoefY&Sif;w,f? owdorÜZOfyg

awmh (ynwf)uGmNyD; (ig? ol? a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? owå0g)aysmuf

awmhw,f...(rSefygY)/

ig? olr&SdrS a,musfm;? rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? owå0gr&SdrS ('d|d)jyKwfwJh

(aomwmyef)wnfum? (ou'g*grf)wnfwm? (wPSm? rme)igjyKwfrS

(tem*grf)eJY (&[EÅm)jzpfwm...(rSefygY)/

("r®mEkyóem)u (ÓPf)tvGefoGm;&w,f/ (ÓPf)aumif;

&if yxrwef;jzpfwmyJ/..(rSefygY)/

'gaMumihf(ynwf)udkrjrifyJ? (ynwf)udky,fcGmNyD; (y&rwf)tjrif

jzpfwJh þ[m(½kyf) þ[m(a0'em)? þ[m(onm)? þ[m(ocFg&)?

þ[m(0dnmPf)? þ[m'ku©opöm? þ[moHa,mZOfpojzihf rdrdoEÅmef

rSmay:vmwJh ("r®oabm)av;awGudk ydkif;jcm;NyD; ododay;&w,f? (rSefygY)

uBuD;? cacG;em;vnfwJhtcg (u)(c)ay:vm&if 'g(u)? 'g(*)? 'g(c)?

'g(i)vdkY odovdkyJ? rdrdoEÅmefrSmay:vmwJh ("r®oabm)av;awGudkvnf;

þ[m(½kyf)? þ[m(0dnmPf)? þ[m(ocFg&)&,fvdk Y oday;&w,f

(rSefygY)/

owdqdkwm (ocFw)eJY (tocFw)Mum;xJrSm xdkifaewmyJ?

(owd)&SdvkYd&Sd&if rdef;r? a,musfm;? yk*¾dKvf(owå0g)r&Sdbl;? (½kyf? emrf)a&muf

oGm;w,f? (½kyfemrf)tod[m (ocFw)0dnmPfav; odaewm (rSefygY)/

(ocFw)w&m;qdkwmjyKjyifwJh uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m&taMumif;

4 yg;vnf;ygw,f? y|mef; 24 ypönf;vnf;ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf olYudk

(ocFw)vdkYac:w,f..(rSefygY)/

ocFwH(½lyH)? ocFwH a0'em? ocFwHonm? ocFwH(0dnmPH)?

ocFwH(ocFg&)vdkYac:w,f? ñGwfwmu (emrf)jzpfawmh odwmjzpfwm

aygY...(rSefygY)

ocFwH(0dnmPH)u (ynwf)r&Sd&if rñGwfbl;? 'DocFwH 0dnmPH

u (tod)av;&JUjzpfysuf? (Oyg'f? |d? bif)udkjyw,f? pdwf&JU (jzpfysuf)udk

jyw,f/

þ[mocFwH½lyH? þ[m(½kyf)? þ[m(0dnmPf)? þ[mocFg&

þ[moHa,mZOf&,fvdkY cGJjcm;xm;wm "r®Ekyóem? "r®0dZ,oHaAmZÑifvdkY

vnf;ac:w,f? (Analytical Lnsight) vdkYac:Ekdifw,f ("r®obm0)

av;awGudk pl;prf;odawmh ("r®y#dordÇ'gnmPf)&awmh taMumif;tusKd;

eJYodwmaygY (rSefygY)/

'gaMumihf þ[m(½kyf)? þ[m(0dnmPf)? þ[mocFg&pwJh

cE¨mawGudk ydkif;jcm;odwm? (tm,we)awGudkodwm? opömudkodwJh

(y&rwf)odyJjzpfNyD; 0rf;xJrSm (&m*? a'go? arm[)ukefatmif 0rf;xJrSm

vnf; (owå0g)r&SdwJh todrsKd;jzpfatmif 'DtodrsKd;tNrJodatmif (ynwf)

udk r½IyJ (y&rwf)udkyJ½I&r,f? od&r,f 'umBuD; (rSefygY)/

'Dacwfw&m;awGu wpfcsdKU(ynwf)awG ½Iaewm ½IaerSef;

rodMubl;? ("r®mEk"r®y#dywdå,m)qdkwJh bk&m;a[mwJh (avmukwå&mtm;

avsmfpGm)usihf&wJh tusihfrsKd;r[kwfbl;jzpfaew,f? (&m*? a'go? arm[)

udky,fEkdifatmif ½Iwmu (ynwf)udkz,fNyD;? ausmfNyD;½IwJh (avmukwå

&mtm;avsmfpGm)½Iwmudk ("r®mEk"r®y#dywdå,m)jzpfwmyJ? ("r®ótEk"r®

pm&D)vdkYvnf;ac:w,f? (ig) ½Iw,fqdk&if (avmukwå&mw&m;)eJY ravsmf

bl;? (ynwf)ygae&if ravsmfbl;(rSefygY)/

ckacwfrSmawmh (owå0g)aysmufatmif ra[mMuawmh? (owå

0g)eJY ½IaeMuawmh (owå0g)½IBuD;jzpfaeawmhwmaygY? trSefu (owå0g)

rygbJ ½I&wmyg? (ig) tm;xkwfwmr[kwfbl;? (0d&d,? owd? or®m"d)qdkwJh

(ocFw)w&m;u (ÓPf)jzpfatmif tm;xkwfwm (ocFg&) tcsif;csif;

(ocFg&)udk (ocFg&)u (ÓPf)jzpfatmif ½IaewmvdkYrSwfyg..(rSefygY)/

(&m*? a'go? arm[)awGu ok0drkwåpdawåm=aumif;pGm vGwf

ajrmufvdkaompdwfvnf;&Sd&rnfwJh? tEkyg'd,mrmae= rpGJvef;bl;wJh?

£'g0g? O'g0g? (emrnf? oEÅmef)awGjzpfwJh (ynwf)awGudk rpGJvef;awmh

bl;wJh? rpGJvef;awmhbl;qdk&if bm*0gornom=ornac:wJh (&[EÅm)

(t&[wåzdkvf)&wmyJwJh..(rSefygY)/

DHAMMA-NUPASSANA-

19

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

(ynwf)u (eHrnf)awG (oEÅmef)awGygwJh udavomawG

(rSefygY)? (udavaorm&daEÅm*päwd)wJh? udavao=udavomwdk Yudk

rm&daEÅm=owfvQuf? *päwd=(edAÁmef)odkYoGm;\wJh..(rSefygY)/

udavomudk b,fvdkowfrvJqdk&if (ynwf)rjzpfatmif

(emroEÅmef)awG ta&mufrcHbJ (emroEÅmef)ra&mufatmif owdjyKNyD;

½I&if? udavomjzpfr,fh (ynwf)udk ausmfvdkuf&if (udavom)awG

aowmygyJ(rSefygY)/

'gaMumihf (ynwf)udk cGmrS r*fw&m;/ zkdvfw&m;&wm..

(rSefygY)/ (ynwf)udk b,fvdkcGm&rSef;rod&if (ynwf) awGjzpfwJh (emrf?

oEÅmef)ra&muf&if trSefowdjyKaerS (ynwf)awGausmf wmyJ?

(ynwf)udkxm;cJhwmyJ? (ynwf)udk cGmcJhwmyJ? jzpfawmh w,f..(rSefygY)

(emroEÅmef)ra&muf&ef trSefowdjyK

(emroEÅmef)qdkwm (ynwf)awGyJ? (emrnf)tac:ta0:?

yHkoEÅmefawG? awm? awmif? a&? ajr? vl? wd&pämef? ig? ol? a,musfm;?

rdef;r? yk*¾dKvf? owå0g? 0w¬K? ypönf;tp&SdwJh emrnf? oEÅmefawG[m

(ynwf)awGygyJ? (tm½Hk)rSm ay:wmu (eHrnf)ygr,f? (oEÅmef)awGygwJh

(ynwf)"r®m½H ky Jay:w,f? (rSe fyg Y) ? twdwfud kpOf;pm;&ifvnf;

awG;&if;vnf;emrnf (ynwf)ray:yJ oEÅmef(ynwf)ray:yJrjzpfbl;?

'gaMumihftwdwfay:orQ (ynwf)rdkY b,fawmhrqdk (ynwf)udk ausmfEkdif

atmifvdkY (emroEÅmef)ra&mufatmif owdjyKae&if (ynwf)udkausmfae

wmyJ (rSefygY)/

(pdwf)qdkwm (eHrnf)wdkY(oEÅmef)wdkYeJYjzpf&wm (rSefygY)? 'gaMumihf

(pdwf)ud k (odysuf)½I&w,f? (pdwf)ud k odvd kufwmeJ Y ysufawmh

(emroEÅmef)ynwfra&mufEkdifbl; (rSefygY) (ynwf)eJYa&mw,f? ra&mbl;

qdkwJh (pdwf)udk ododay;? (rSefygY)? (pdwf)udk 'Dtwdkif;½IaeMuawmh or®Zme

um&D(od)wJhae&mrSm (ynwf)a&m? ra&mrodMuawmh (&m*)ruif;EkdifMu

bl;? wu,fawmh (ynwf)ygaom (pdwf)udk ra&mufatmif (od)ay;&rSm

yg/ 'grS (yxrwef;)jzpfw,f (rSefygYbk&m;)/

awG;pdwfqd kwm (ynwf)ygvd k YawG;wm? (ynwf)ryg&if

rawG;bl;? tawG;(tm½Hk)a&mufvmw,fqdkwmuvnf; (ynwf)ygvdkY

a&mufvmwm (awG;pdwf)qdkwm (ynwf)ryg&if a&mufrvmbl;?

'D(ynwf)awGxJrsm emroEÅmef)awGygwmyJ? 'Dawmh ]](emroEÅmef)awG

ra&mufatmif (owdjyK)}} ae&if awG;pdwfrjzpfawmhbl;? (ynwf)ryg

aom pdwfyJjzpfEkdifw,f/

(ynwf)eJY (y&rwf)udk b,fvdkcGJ&rSef;rodMuvGef;vdkY cGJwwf

atmif ]](emroEÅmef)ra&muf&ef trSefowdjyK}} qkdwm (ynwf)awG

ra&mufawmh (y&rwf)trSefa&mufawmh (ynwf)eJY (y&rwf)udkcGJxkwf

wmvnf;jzpfaeawmh (yxrwef;)jzpfaewmaygY? (rSefygY)/ (&m*a'goH

y[mearm[H)wJh? (ynwf)udkrSDNyD;jzpfwJh (&m*? a'go? arm[)awGvnf;

ra&mufawmhbl;? 'gaMumihf (yxrwef;)jzpfwm..(rSefygY)? (edAÁmef)qdkwm

bmvJ¿ (edAÁmef)qdkwm (&m*? a'go? arm[)r&Sdwmudk ajymwm? 'gaMumihf

(emroEÅmef)ra&muf&ef trSefowdjyKaewJh tm;xkwfrI[m (yxrwef;)

jzpfaewJh w&m;vdkY rSwfxm;&r,f/ 'umBuD;...(rSefygYbk&m;)/

]](emroEÅmef) ra&muf&ef trSefowdjyK}} aeygqdkwJh 'Daqmif

yk'ftwdkif; owdjyKae&if (avmb? a'go? arm[)awG rjzpfawmhbl;?

(emroEÅmef)awG[m (avmb? a'go? arm[) awGjzpfjcif;&JU taMumif;

&if;yJ? 'gaMumihf (emroEÅmef)ra&mufatmif (owd)jyKae&if (pdwf)

rjzpfawmhbl;? Nidrf;Nidrf;csnf;aewmaygY? pdwf(cEm)r&awmhvdkY (eda&m""r®)

awGjzpf&muae (eda&m"opöm)jzpfwJh cE¨m('ku©)rjzpf&m? rysuf&m

(edAÁmef)a&mufwmaygY 'umBuD; (rSefygYbk&m;)/

(pdwf)qdkwm (cEm)yJ? (emrf)cEmaygY? (ocFg&)w&m;yJ? vlqdk

wJh (½kyf)cE¨meJY (emrf) cE¨mu (ocFg&) w&m;aygY? (emrf)cE¨m&&if

(ocFg&)jzpfawmh (wPSm? Oyg'gef? uH)jzpfNyD; oHo&mvnfNyDyJ? (cEm)

r&awmh 'ku©(cEm)rjzpf&m? wpfenf;qdk&&if (ocFg&)ukefaysmuf (edAÁmef)

a&mufwmaygY 'umBuD; (rSefygYbk&m;)/


ca&tpOf-vlYtoGif

Ad kvfaomif;({'if)

Ä zl;iHkyGihfp arT;&eHYjzm

yef;ca&\ *kPft*Fg

vSywihfqef; yGihfa0qm

&ifoyf½Iarm yefcsifp&m

ajrodkYa<uus vmaomfvJ

jrwfauomxuf yefvsufyJ/ /

Ä pkawjcif;rS #doaE

arG;zGm;vmMu wdkYwawG

ÓPfynmESihf jynhfpHkrS

vljzpf&usKd; eyfr,fAs

tcsdef&Sdcdkuf vHkYvpdkuf

0dyóemudk tm;xkwfvdkuf/ /

Ä csKyfNidrf;cE¨m raMumufyg

ajrcyef;ca& yHkyrm

vufudkifxm;onfh 0dyóem

rdrdb0 wpfoufwm

aoaomfrSonf aMomfaumif;\

tyg,fwHcg;BuD; ydwfyg\/ /

uvsmPrdwå

Ä oli,fcsif;? 'dkYawGb0

twåtpGJ? r,lbJESihf

jzLoJarwåm? ay;ydkYumjzihf

aemifvmta&;? twlaEG;vdkY?

arQmfawG;Munhfyg oli,fcsif;/ /

Ä pdwf\ajz&m? 'dkYenf;&SmvkdY

0dyóem? ÓPfpOfvmudk

½IumyGm;rsm;? yg,frvm;wJh

&G,fum;EkysKd? vSaoG;ydkvnf;

Z&mxnf;udk? a&muf&OD;rSm

oli,fcsif;/ /

Ä tewåaysmuf? twåaemufudk

wpfaumufaumufvdkuf? wdkYawGrdkufvQif

b,frSmrNrJ? tyg,fxJodkY

qif;Mu&r,f? oli,fcsif;/ /

{'if0if;vGif

20"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

(Continue form last week)How it came about to be called saupadisesa nibba-na

It came to be known as saupadisesa because the futurestill holds the promise of being reborn for many times in the realmsof human beings. celestial gods and Brahma supreme beings onaccount of the remaining amount of craving (tanha-). Because thethree horrible vat.t.a have been eliminated it is called nibbana.(Beause one is still a creature going roung the cycles of rebirths ithas been named saupadisesa.)

On examining how the sotapanna streamwinner goesthroug the series of enjoyable existences in the blissful realms('bon zi san), gets to nibba-na, it is found that-

The plane of existence, avattha bhumi, is an epither fornibbana a special opportunity, a special station and of a specialstatus.

The world of the worlding, on the other hand, is hauntedbe the sceptre of the three horrible vat.t.a, it is known as puthujjanabhu-n and lokiya bhu-mi (the mundane world) as well.

The life of an ariya is distinguished by the eradication ofthree horrible vat.t.a; it is a special status and realm, it is known asthe realm of the pure or ariya bhu-mi and as lokuttara bhu-mi (thesupramundane realm).

In this way, from the time that sota-pattimagga is attainedthe elimination of these three horrible vat.t.a from ever occurring inthe coming existences is a special boon, a specail status and spe-cial demarcated sphere so that it is termed a nibbana realm.

Before the moment of reaching sotapattimagga, count-less part lives had been gone through as worlding with the sceptreof the three horrible vat.t.a ever haunting him. The moment thesotapattimagga is reached he is liberated from this condition whichis a very special situation and is said to have reached the saupa-

disea first great nibba-na.The escape from the three horrible vat.t.a is permanent

so that can also be said to be on the same plane of anupadisesanibbana a there is no dichotomy between these two. The streamwinner on the way to serious of existences in the blissful statesbecomes a citize of nibbana, a citizen of the realm of the purified(ariya) and have been emancipated fro lives as a worlding the

(,ciftywfrStquf)

oOyg'daoo ac:yH k

tb,faMumihf oOyg'daooac:oenf;[lrlum;- a&SUodkY

bkHpOfpHpm;íoGm;&ef wPSm<uif;ESifhwuG vlYb0ç ewfb0ç jA[®mb0awG

rsm;pGm<uif;usefvsuf &Sdao;aomaMumihf oOyg'daooac:ownf;/

0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg;Nidrf;rIaMumifh edAÁmefac:onf/ (0#faumifawG usef&Sdao;

wmaMumihf oOyg'daoo ac:onf[lvdk/)

bHkpOfpH aomwmyefyk*¾dKvfwdk Yonf xdkXmeodkY tb,fodkY

a&mufMuukefoenf;[laom tar;ü-

bHkXme qdkonfum;- t0w¬mbHkaywnf;/ tcGihfxl;ç t&mxl;ç

XmeEÅ&xl;aywnf;/

xdk0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg;&Sdaeaom ykxkZOf\tjzpfum; wpfXmewnf;/

ykxkZÆeblrdac:\/ avmud,blrdvnf;ac:\/

xdk0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg; ukefNidrf;aom t&d,m\tjzpfonfum;

t&mxl;wpfyg;? XmeEÅ&xl; wpfyg;wnf;/ t&d,blrd ac:\/

avmukwå&blrdvnf;ac:\/

þodkYvQif aomwmywådr*fodkY a&mufaomtcgrSpí aemuf

tem*wf oHo&mwpfcGifvHk; xdk0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg; uif;&Sif;rIonf

edAÁmefqdkownf;/

aomwmywdår*fodkY ra&mufrD terw*¾ twdwfoHo&m

umvü xdk0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg;&Sdaeaom ykxkZOftjzpfESifhom vmcJh&\/

aomwm ywådr*fodkY a&mufonfESifhwpfNydKifeuf xdktjzpfrS uRwfvGwfí

xdk0#fqdk; BuD;oHk;yg;uif;Nidrf;jcif;[laom tcGihfxl;ç t&mxl;ç XmeEÅ&xl;odkY

a&muf onfudk oOyg'daoo yxrr[medAÁmefodk Ya&mufonf[k

qdkownf;/

xdk0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg;\ uif;Nidrf;rIonfvnf; tNrJedpö xm0&

wnfavawmhonfjzpfí tEkyg'daooedAÁmefESih f wpfjyifwnf;

wpfquf wnf; wpfckwnf;omwnf;/ ESpfckqdk&ef tydkif;tjcm;r&SdNyD/

xdkbHkpOfpH aomwmyefwdkYonfvnf; aomwm ywdår*fodkYqdkufonfESihf

wpfNydKifeuf avmuDbHkolç avmuDbHkom;tjzpfrS uRwfvGwfMuav

ukef\/ t&d,mbHkolç t&d,m bHkom;tjzpfodkY a&mufMuavukef\/

xdkcPrSpí tqHk;b0ü tEkyg'daooedAÁmef[laom XmeEÅ&ü

wnfMuukefí Oyg'd- <uif;[k qdktyfaom vlYb0ç vl csrf;om? ewfb0ç

ewfcsrf;om? jA[®mb0ç jA[®mcsrf;omwdk Yud k tpOfcHpm;pHpm;í

oGm;Mu&ukef\/ xdkYaMumihf-

THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA - ON NIBBA

- NA

rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? usrf;

v,fwDq&mawa&;om;jyKpkawmfra&;om;jyKpkawmfra&;om;jyKpkawmfra&;om;jyKpkawmfra&;om;jyKpkawmfr

v,fwDedAÁmefw

The Ledi Dhamma

by

MAHA - THERA LED

(v,fwDedAÁmefusrf;) (L

21"r®0D&onf ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfonf/

moment sotapattimagga is attained. Upadi or the number of exist-ences remaining to be lived are as blissful human beings, blissfulgods blissful Brahma deities during this first nibbana.

"Tinnam samyojananam parikkhaya sotapanno hoti",thus the Lord Buddha has declared.

Avinipatadhammo means the end of the dangers ofvinipata, the fate of a worlding after death, being cast into helland other undiserable states as kamma sees fit.The example of a bunch of toddy palm fruit

When bunches of toddy palm fruit are cut down, it can-not be known where each of the bunches will fall. It is not theprovince of the fruit bunches determine where each would like toland. They only fall where they are cast down willy nilly. Whetherone passes away as a human being, god or Brahma deity, one iscast away anyhow. This prospect is known as the danger ofvinipata, that the wise are chary of, but which the unenlightenedaccept as an inevitable occurrence met by many.

Only after reaching sotapattimagga, can one espace fromthe dangers of the three horrible vatta, and be reborn in the realmof one's choice after death. If no particular choice is made, onewill progress to a better realm than the present. In stating thatone reaches the realm of one's choice, it should be understood inthe context that for some the attainment of the appropriate men-tal absorption (jhana) could be crucial. Thus it has been pro-nounced ''avinipata dhammo".

Niyato=In saying that from one existence to the next,for world cycles upon world cycles, the observane of precepts,probity and wisdom are replete, means that this repleteness iscomparable to a coconut that has been place any which way onthe back of a stallion. A change from one form of the next or evenwithin the same existence, a little shake of the stallion's back canbring it crashing down. On the other hand, the constant qualitiesof observing the precepts, problity and wisdom of a streamwinnerare like the harness and saddlery lined with steel that has beenproperly installed on the horse.

These stay on for manyexistenes and through the cyclesof rebirths like well- appointed saddlery and harness a horse is

]]wdPÖH oHa,mZemeH y&du©,m aomwmyaEém a[mwd/}}

[lí a[mawmfrl\/

t0dedygw"ar®m = pkawonf\ tjcm;rJhü tvdkr&Sd&m b0odkY

y&rf;ywmusjcif; 0dedygwab;BuD;rS tNyD;uif;vGwfNyD-[laom pum;ü

0dedygwab;BuD;qdkonfum;- ykxkZOfowå0gwdkYonf rdrdwdkY&ifwGif; ESvHk;

wGif;ü jrifhrdk&fawmifBuD;uJhodkY tvGef0efav;vSpGmaom 0#fqdk;BuD;oHk;yg;

&Sdí aeonhftwGuf aoMuaomtcgü b,fbHkrSm igjzpfrnf[k rdrdwdkY

jzpfvdk&mbHkü jzpfEdkifMuukefonfr[kwf/ uHypfcs&m[k uHwpfck Mur®m

wpfck aygufvTwfxm;Mu&ukef\/

xef;oD;cd kif Oyrm

xef;yifay:ü &SdaeMuukefaom xef;oD;cd kifawGudk ckwf

csdKifaomtcg tcdkiftn§mjywfonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf xef;oD;ckdifwdkYonf

b,fae&mudk igusrnf[k a&G;cs,fí usEdkifukefonfr[kwf/ aygufvTwf

w&Murf; y&rf;ywm usMuavukefouJhodkY? xdkYtwl vlUjynfrSaovQif

vnf; aygufvTwfusMu&ukef\/ ewfjynfajcmufxyfwdkYrS aovQifvnf;

aygufvTwfusMu&ukef\/ jA[®mjynfrS aovQifvnf; aygufvTwfusMu

&ukef\/ uHypfcs&m usa&mufMu&ukef\/

þodkYaoonhfaemufü aygufvTwfavsmufvsm; ypfíxm;Mu&

aom trI? ur®oum uscsif&m&m aygufvTwfusa&mufMu&aom "r®

wmrIBuD;udk 0dedygwab;BuD; qdkownf;/ þoHo&mü ynm&SdBuD;wdkYonf

tvGefpufqkyfMu&aom oHo&mab;BuD;aywnf;/ ynmenf;aom olwdkY

onfomvQif trsm; "r®wmay[k ausat;Muukef\/

aomwmywådr*fzd kvfod k Y a&mufMuí 0#fqd k; BuD;oH k;yg;

uRwfvGwf Muaomtcgr S xd k0 de dy gwab;BuD ;

tNyD;uif;vGwfMuavukef\/ aoMu onfaemufü a&mufvdk&mb0odkY

a&mufEdkifMuukef\/ tvdkqE´ txl;r&Sd bJ vTwfíxm;jyefvQif

,c kb0xuf aumi f ; jrwfaomb0od k Y wufvrf ; ç qefvrf ;

wpfvrf;om&SdMuukef\/ a&mufvdk&mb0odkY a&mufEdkifMuukef \ [l&mü

psme f& p sme fr&ponfwd k YE Si h f avsm fp Gmodav/ xd k Ya Mumi h f

]]t0dedygw"ar®m}}- [lí a[mawmfrlayonf/

ed,awm= b0tqufqufç urÇmtqufquf rysufuGufbJ

tpOfNrJaom oDvç orm"dç ynmESifh jynfhpHk\- [l&mü ykxkZOfwdkYü

&SdMuaom oDvç orm"dç ynmrnfonf t[kefESifhwuG ajy;aomjrif;\


- NA

uf? usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf

&mawmfbk&m;BuD;m;jyKpkawmfrlaomm;jyKpkawmfrlaomm;jyKpkawmfrlaomm;jyKpkawmfrlaomm;jyKpkawmfrlaom

efw&m;awmfrsm;

mma on Nibba-na

by

A LEDI SAYADAW

;) (Ledi Nibba-n)

22"r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ionf/


- NA

ausmufukef;ü aygufvTwfwifxm;aom tkef;oD;ESihfwl\/ b0ajymif;rI

ESihf wpfcsufvIyfvQif tukefus\/ b0wGif;rSmyif ckwif ckus\/

aomwmyefwdkY\ wnf&Sdaom edpöoDvrsdK;? ukodkvf"r®wdkYü wnfMunfEdkif

aom orm"drsdK;? opömav;yg;udkjrifaom ÓPfynmrsdK;onf oHBudK;oHvGef

wdkYjzihf aumif;pGmzGJUtyfaom jrif;wefqmESifhwl\/

b0urÇm oHo&mtpOfNrJ\/ oDvç orm"dç ynmwdkYonfom

tpOftNrJonf r[kwfukef/ xdkbHkpOfpH aomwmyefwdkYtm; udk;uG,f&m

bk&m;vnf; tpOfNrJ\/ w&m;vnf; tpOfNrJ\/ oHCmvnf; tpOfNrJ\/

omoemvnf; tpOfNrJ\/ b0rsm;pGm urÇmtqufquf usifvnfí

oGm;Muukefaomfvnf; oAÁnKjrwfpGmbk&m;wdkY\ *kPfawmfaus;Zl;awmf

wdkYonf xdkolwdkYrSm wpfb0xuf wpfb0 xifvif;xif&Sm;í oGm;ukef

\/ w&m;*kPfç oHCmh*kPfç omoemh*kPfwdkYvnf; xdkYtwl xif&Sm;í

oGm;ukef\/ xdkolwdkYrSm omoemyaom b0? omoemyaom urÇm[lí

r&SdMuukefNyD/

ykxkZOfwdkYrnfonf oHo&mü &Hcg&Hcg a&SUb0[lí rod?

aemufb0[lírod/ arm[wHk;jzpfí udk;uG,f&mr&SdbJ jzpfcsifwwfwdkif;

½dkif;pdkif;rdkufrJíaeMuaom b0awGvnf; rsm;pGm&Sdukef\/ &Hcg&Hcg

udk;uG,f&mr[kwfaom t,kwfwrmBuD;awGudk bk&m;jyKvkyfí wpfb0

wpfrsdK; udk;uG,f&maygif; axmifaomif;ru ajymif;vJíaeMuaom b0

awGvnf; rsm;pGm&Sdukef\/

þoHo&mü ynm&SdBuD;wdkYonf bk&m;r[kwf bmr[kwfaom

t,kwfwrmBuD;awGudk bk&m;jyKvkyfí wpfb0wpfrsdK; udk;uG,f&m

arSmufrSm;rIBuD;udkvnf; tvGefemMunf;Muukef\/

tb,faMumifhenf;qdkaomf- udk;uG,f&marSmufrSm;vQif xdkb0

rSm &p&mr&Sd? tukefvHk; arSmufrSm;avawmhonf/ a*goDvç a*g0w-

tp&Sdojzihf w&m;r[kwf bmr[kwfaom t,kwfwrm tusihfawGudk

txGwftjrwf w&m;jyKvkyfí wpfb0wpfrsdK; udk;uG,f&maygif; axmif

aomif;ru ajymif;vJíaeMuaom b0awGvnf; rsm;pGm&Sdukef\/

þuJhodkYr[kwfaom avmukwå&mbHkolç avmukwå&mbHkom;

jzpfMuukefaom xdkbHkpOfpH t&d,mwdkYrSm b0rsm;pGm urÇmtqufqufwdkY

ü bk&m;ç w&m;ç oHCm udk;uG,f&m ajymif;a&TUjcif;r&SdMuukefNyD [lvdk

onf/ xdkYaMumihf ]]ed,awm}}- [lí a[mawmfrlay\/

oarÁm"dy&m,aem= txufr*f txufzdkvfvQif vdkcg&aMumif;

rwdrf;apmif;Edkifaom vJavsmif;rSDcdk&m &Sdonf[l&mü-

rdrdwdkYtwGuf txufr*f txufzdkvf txufedAÁmef [laom

taMumif;aMumifh aemufbk&m; aemufomoemudk arQmfzG,f&mudpö r&SdMu

ukefNyD[lvdk/ tb,faMumifhenf;qdkaomf- xdkolwdkYrSm aomwtrnf&Sdaom

aAm"dyu©d, oHk;q,fhckepfyg;wdkYonf tEkyg'daooedAÁmefodkYusatmif

wpfb0xuf wpfb0? wpfurÇmxuf wpfurÇm wdk;yGm;pnfum;íom

oGm;Muavukef\/ igwdkY jrwfpGmbk&m; omoemawmfjrwfBuD; oHk;yg;wdkY

onf xdkolwdkY oEÅmefrSm wpfb0xufwpfb0 xGef;vif;pnfum;í

oGm;Muukef\/

xdkYaMumihf þbk&m;omoemawmf uG,fonhfaemuf terw*¾

oHo&mrSm bk&m;yGihfrIr&SdNyDqdkaomfvnf; xdkolwdkY ylzG,fr&SdMuukefNyD/

xdkYaMumihf ]]oarÁm"d y&m,aem}}- [lí a[mawmfrlonf/

(þrQaom pum;&yfwdkYjzihf igwdkYbk&m;omoemü tuRwf&Mu

ol taygif;wdkYwGif tnHhqHk; trsm;qHk;jzpfaom bHkpOfpH aomwmyefwdkY\

aomwmywådr*fodkY qdkufonfESihf wpfNydKifeuf oOyg'daoo yxrr[m

edAÁmefodkYa&mufaMumif;? edAÁmefukd&aMumif; trsdK;t½dk;tm;jzihf avmuD

bHkol avmuDbHkom;tjzpfrSuRwfí avmukwå&mbHkolç avmukwå&m

bHkom;? t&d,m bHkolç t&d,mbHkom;tjzpfodkY trSef a&mufaMumif;?

tued|bH kod k Y usa&mufatmif b0rsm;pGm urÇmtqufquf

oOyg'daooedAÁmefüwnfí 0#fqdk;BuD; oHk;yg; Nidrf;jcif;wnf;[laom

fitted with. Apart from the qualities of sila, sama-dhi and pañña-

that has bee4n furnished with, for the streamwinner, there is al-ways, Buddha in whom he or she could take refuge, dhamma alsoaccompanies the streamwinner constantly, as does the sam.gha-

monastic order. The teachings of the Buddha are also with him orher constantly. Though the streamwinners may go through manyrounds of rebirths through world cycles, the benefices of theomniscient Lord Buddha only increases for them from one exist-ence to the other. The beneficial qualities of the doctrines andthe monastic order also remain with them forever. For them thereis no existence or world in which the teachings of the Buddha arenot extant.

For worldings, they do not know what kind of life awaitsthem in the next existence. Being ignorant, they might go throughmany lives in which they may commit many atrocious deeds.

Sometimes also they might be seeking succour in falseidols mistaking them for Buddhas.

In this round of rebirths, the wise deem that worship-ping the wicked as if they were gods are a calamitous mistakeworthy of abhorrence. It is because of the fact that by worship-ping the wrong deity their life will be irreparably ruined and ev-erything turn out the wrong way. There are also those who turnfrom one false god like 'gosila' to another 'govata' thinking thattheir wicked practices are venerable doctrines and in this way areswitching from one to the other throughout their rebirths, andthey number in tens of thousands.

On the other hand, those who have become citizens ofthe supramundane and are the pure and noble, they do notvaccilate from one deity to another but for them the Buddha, theDoctrine and the Samgha- monastic order are the one and onlyrefuge that they seek. That is why it has been said of them 'niyato'.

In talking of sambodhipara-yano- that for them the higherpaths to nibbana can be reached at any time according to theirwish and will.

It means that it is not required of them to wait for theappearance of the next Buddha for any reason. This is becausethey will continue to acquire more and more of the thirty sevenBodhipakkkhiya dhamma (associates of enlightenment) from oneexistence to the next, their continuum of consciousness everenlightened by the three instituations of sa-sana, until they fi-nally enter the anupa-disesa nibbana.

Thus though it has been said that after the teachings ofour historical Lord Buddha finally become extinct and the darkages last for numberless world cycles awaiting the coming of thenext Buddha, they need not fear anything. Because of this it hasbeen proclaimed "sambodhi para-yano".

(With these words it has been described how the sota-

panna (streamwinners) who are the lowliest and at the same timemost numerous among those who had been emancipated duringthe time of our historical Buddha, become once they attain sta-tus of streamwinners, at once achieve saupadisesa first greatnibbana, sever their lineage of having been worldlings to be-come cilizens of the supramundane, and at the same time be-come members of the pure and noble ariya and citizens of nibba-

na, that until they reach the akanit.t.ha realm of the non-returnersthey are spared from the depredations of the three horrible vat.t.a,meanwhile enjoying the blissful lives in the forms of human be-ings, gods or Brahma supreme deities. This is a brief explanation.)

23

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨\ax&0g' "r®w&m;tppfxGef;um;&ef jzpfonf/


- NA

avmuD avmukwå&m csrf;omESpfyg;udk tpOfcHpm; pHpm;í oGm;Mu&

aMumif;udk tusOf;tm;jzihf xif&Sm;pGm jyqdkvkdufonf)

tued|bHkodkY usatmif[laom pum;ü txufr*f txufzdkvf

odkY a&mufMuonhftcg 'kwd,ç wwd,ç pwkw¬ oOyg'daooedAÁmef

oHk;yg;yg NcHKíqdkvdkufonf/ þpum;&yfudkvnf; avmuü edAÁmefpmtkyf

rvnfrywfawGrsm;vSí ynm&SdwdkY &dyfrd½HkrQ jyqdkvdkufonf/

aus;Zl;awmf&Sif q&mawmfr[mrax&fjrwf bk&m;BuD;\

tmoDoyw¬em qkawmif;awmfrlcsuf/

ykanae awe edAÁmeH?

v'¨g oE´d|duH £"/

y&rw¬H tm&ma"EÅK?

Zem oaAÁyd okAÁwm/ /

{aweykane= edAÁmeftcsuf w&m;eufudk jyufjyuf xifxif

ÓPfjrifoefY&Sif; tvif;aygufrI a&;om;jyKpk&aom þaumif;rIaMumihf?

£"= rsufarSmuf 'd| þb0ü? oEd|duH= udk,fawGUrsufjrif txift&Sm;

&Sdaeaom? edAÁmeH= tEÅ&m,fcyfodrf; ab;cyfodrf;wdkY\ uif;Nidrf;jcif;wnf;

[laom oEd|du edAÁmefudk? v'g= ukd,fawGU'd| &ukefMuí? okAÁwm=

pifMu,f aumif;jrwf csD;rGrf;tyfaom y#dywf udk,fusifhw&m;udk raerem;

tm;xkwfMuukefí? oaAÁyd= tvHk;pHkvnf;jzpfukefaom? Zem= vlç ewfç

jA[®m owå0gwdkYonf? £a"0= &Sifcspfa*gwrbk&m; omoem þtcgüyif

vQif? y&rw¬H= txGwftjrwf y&rwfjzpfaom? edAÁmeH= edAÁmefudk/

tm&ma"EÅK= tvdkjynhfí udk,fawGUÓPfjrif tpOfaygufa&muf

NyD;ajrmufcHpH Muygapukefownf;/

(v,fwDedAÁmefusrf;NyD;\)

By the words 'until the akinit.t.ha realm is reached'. ingoing through the higher paths and fruitions, the three phases,the second, third and fourth saupa-disesa nibba-na are included inthis blanket statement. This has been mentioned just in brief sothat the wise may grasp its true import as there are a spate ofbooks on the theme of nibba-na that are not much enlightening.

The a-sisa patthana- prayer supplicated bythe venerable Ledi Sayadaw

Pun~n~ene tena nibba-nam.,laddha-sandit.t.hikam idha,paramattham. a-ra-dhentu,

jana- sabbepi subbata-.Etenapun~n~ena- for composing this work of putting for-

ward a clear and cogent description of nibba-na; idea- during thispresent life; sandit.t.hikam- that really exists and is discerniblewith one's own eyes; nibba-m- nibba-na, where it has eliminated allmanner of danger and suffering that is sandit.t.hika nibba-na (theactually existing nibba-na); laddha-- may they attain it in reality;subbata- and endeavour to strive for purity, nobility and praise-worthy conduct; sabbepa-- all of the; jana--sentient beings in thehuman, celestial and Brahma worlds; idheva-during the time ofour beloved Gotama Buddha; paramattam- that which is the high-est, the ultimate; niba-nam- nibba-na; a-ra-dhentu- may their wishesbe fulfilled, their insights ever reamain penetrating and effectiveso that they may be able to enjoy its fruits.

(The End)

onf tvGefrsm;aomfvnf; jyifyrS zdESdyftm;

rSm BuD;rm;vSaomaMumihf A,f&DpzD;,m;onf

tpdkiftcJtjzpfjzihfom wnf&Sdvsuf&Sdonf/

A,f&DpzD;,m;tay:txyfrSm (25)

rdkifrS (30)rdkifavmufomxlonfh xdktxyfwGif

,if;ESihfuyfvsuf&Sdaom twGif;xyftjyifxyf

rsm;ü owåKrsm;&Sdonf/

xdktxyfonf wGif;xGufypönf;rsm;

wnf&mtxyfjzpfonf/ xdktxyfudk tdkZkef;

(Ore Zone) owåK½dkif;xk[kac:ygonf/

owåK½dkif;xkjzpfaomtxyfudk 0ef;&H

xm;aomtxyfrSm vpfodkpzD;,m; (Litho

sphere) ajrxkjzpfonf/ xdktxyfonf rdkif

150 rS 200 txdxlonf/

,if;vpfodkpzD;,m;jzpfay:&jcif;rSm

A,f&DpzD;,m;wGif&Sdaom oHESihfeDu,faygif;pyf

aom owåKrS tcsdKUaygYaom owåKwdkYtay:

bufodk YcG Jíwufvmjcif;aMumih f jzpfonf[k

blrdaA'q&mwdkYuqdkygonf/

vpfod kpzD;,m;ü t"dutm;jzih f

ypönf;pk(2)rsKd;yg0ifonf/

yxrtpkwGi f ta&mi faz sm hí

tav;csdefaygYaomowåKESihf

ausmufESrf;zwfponfwdkYyg0ifonf

'kwd,tpkwGif oH? ruf*eDZD,ef(Megnesium)

u,fvfqD,rf(Calcium) paom ta&mif&ihf

í av;aom owåKrsm;ydkrdkyg&Sdavonf/

vpfodkpzD;,m; (Litho sphere) u

tay:bufwGif ork'´&m yifv,f? jrpfwkdYwnf

&m [d ku f'½ d kpz D ;,m; (Hydrosphere)

a&xktxyf &Sdonf/

xdktxyfonf ysrf;rQjcif;tm;jzihf

21^2 rdkifxkonf xdktxyftay:bufwGif

aemufqHk;txyfjzpfaom "mwfaiGUrsm;yg0if

aom txyf&Sdonf/

xdktxyfonf 200 cef Yxlonf/

xdktxyfudk tufwrdkpzD;,m; (Atmosphere)

"mwfaiGUxk[kac:onf/

(jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf; pm-404)

urÇmESih fwuG aepMu0VmysufpD;yH k

þurÇm& S d aeonfvGe fc J haom

ESpfoef; 5000 avmufu pwifvsuf awmuf

avmifaecJhonf/ ae\twGif;qGJtm;ESihf tjyif

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rSm cHpm;vdkY&vdkY w&m;emjcif;vkyfief;udk BudKuf

aewm? cHpm;vdkYr&wJhvl b,fawmhrS rBudKuf

Edkifbl;/ [kwfw,fr[kwfvm;}}

]][kwfygw,fbk&m;}}

] ]b,ftvkyfud krqd k cHpm;vd k Y&rS

BudKufw,f? cHpm;vdkYr&&if rBudKufbl;? jrwfpGm

bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwfBuD;eJY awGUwmawmif

a'0'wfvdk yk*¾dKvfrsdK;rSm cHpm;vdkYr&bl;}}

]]bk&m;udkMunhfvdkYr&bl;? bk&m;a[m

wJh w&m;emvdkYr&bl;? olUpdwfxJrSm bk&m;udk

jrifwkdif; a'greóawG yGm;aew,f? Vif;wvdk

iSufrsdK;usawmh acG;aoaumifykyfvdk &GH&Smp&m

BuD; awGUwmawmif wPSmawGjzpfaew,f?

b,favmufqef;us,fovJ}}

]]qef;us,fygw,fbk&m;}}

]]'gaMumihf tbd"r®mrSm 0dyguftrSef?

aZmtjyefvdkY ajymwmayhg? qdkvdk&if;u 0dyguf

qdkwJh tusdK;ay;u tNrJrSefw,f? aumif;uH

aMumihf aumif;usdK;&wm? raumif;uHaMumihf

raumif;usdK;&wm? 'gayr,fh aZmqdkwJh cHpm;rI

usawmh &vmwJhtusdK;wkdif;udk cHpm;vdkYr&Edkif

bl;? aumif;wmawGUayr,hf aumif;w,fvdkY

cHpm;vdkY&csifrS &wm? raumif;wmayr,hfvJ

cHpm;vdkY&csif&aewwfwmrsdK;yJ}}

]]pma&;q&mBuD;wpfa,muf ajymzl;wJh

pum;av;wpfck&Sdw,f? ig;yda&BudKufolu ig;yd

a&&JU t&omudk cHpm;vdkY&w,f/ 'gayr,fh ig;yd

a&[m [if;aumif;r[kwfwmawmh aocsmw,f

wJh? Vif;wu acG;aoaumifykyfBudKufovdkygyJ

vdkY ajym&if ½dkif;&mrsm;usaervm;bJ}}

]]r½dkif;ygbk&m;/}}

]]at;-vdk&if;uawmh cHpm;rIrwlwJh

twGuf tBudKufawG rwlbl;? tBudKufawGrwl

awmh cH,lcsufqdkwJh tpGJtvef;awG rwlbl;?

tpGJtvef;awG rwlwJhtwGuf tvkyfawG rwl

Edkifbl;? tajymawGrwlEdkifbl;? tawG;tac:awG

rwlEdkifbl;? 'DvdkrSrwl&if b0tusdK;ay;awG

b,fwlEdkifyghrvJ? b,favmufyJ rdbu ynm

wwfatmif csrf;omatmifjyKjyifay;? olYtusdK;

ay;eJY olvmwm? om;orD;wdkif; csrf;omrvm

bl;? wcsdKUu csrf;omw,f? ynmawmh awmfpGmh

avsmfpGmhyJ? wcsdKUu ynmwwfw,f rcsrf;om

bl;}}

]]'Dvdkb0rwlwmawG[m bmaMumifh

vJ? uHrwlvdkYyg? uHqdkwJhtvkyfawG rwlbl;? 'DuH

awGrwlwm[m bmaMumihfvJ? cH,lcsufawG

rwlvdkYayhg? cH,lcsufrwlwm[m tBudKufrwlvdkY?

tBudKufrwlwmonf cHpm;rIrwlvdkYygyJ/ 'Dvdk

aMumif;usdK;qufoG,fMunhf&ygr,f/ 'Dvdkoabm

aygufxm;&if avmu"HeJY awGUwJhtcg pdwfajz

omwmayhg}}

]]rSefvSygbk&m;}}

Feeling conditions cravingLet us take this matter a little fur-

ther and consider why craving should dif-fer from person to person. Where can welook for the answer? Yes, the Paticcasamu-ppãda . "Vedanã paccayã tanhã"- throughfeeling is conditioned craving. It is becausethe feelings that arise are not the same thatcraving is not the same. Some peple like tobe spoken to in a courteous soft manner,others find this irritating; and perfer speechthat is direct, even abrupt. Some enjoy flat-tery, others like the blunt truth, although,

b'´EÅa'gufwmpE´m0&mbd0Ho

27

"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smufonf/


as the following story illustrates, it nor-mally doesn't pay to be too truthful.

Once, a traveller came upon apoor hut just outside a village, and tiredand thirsty, he entered to ask for a littlewater. He found inside an old woman, ap-parently living alone. Curious, he askedthe old woman," Are you living alone, andwhy outside the village? Have you no chil-dren?" The old woman replied," Youngman, I am a person who aways speaks thetruth, and for this reason, I have been ban-ished by the village elders to this poor hutoutside the village."

The traveller took the water theold woman offered, and thought to him-self," A truthful perosn ought to be praisedand honoured, not banished like this. Whatwas the world coming to? "And taking hisleave of the old woman, he left the hut andcontinued on his way. He had left his shoul-der bag in the hut, however, and the oldwoman, not knowing his name, called afterhim," Hey! Black, crossed-eyed crippled,you've left your bag behind!"

The traveller, who was in truthdark-skinned, cross-eyed and walked witha limp, came back to the hut and took hisbag, but could not help retorting, "Hey,old woman, you're lucky indeed! The vil-lagers should have done more than justbanished you from the village!"

So please be careful and think before replying if someone comes to you andsays, "Please tell me honestly." It is just aturn of phrase. Most people don't wantyou to be too honest.

Because feeling that arise fromexternal stimuli are not the same from per-son to person, do not be surprised thatlikes and dislikes should differ. Don't be-come angry because others like what youdislike or don't like what you like. Some ofus like to read about the Buddha's teach-ings. They derive feelings of inspiration,comfort, encouragement and satisfactionfrom deepening their learning. Others canderive no such feelings. Without such feel-ings, there can be no question of likingsuch activity.

In the time of the Buddha, theBuddha never failed to inspire and delighthis disciples. For someone like Devadatta,however, the sight of the Buddha was notwelcome. Devadatta wanted to create aschism in the sangha. For Devadatta, theBuddha and his teachings no longerevoked feelings of devotion and worship.Instead, there arose feelings of anger and

frustration.We can also consider the eating

habits of vultures. These are big birdswhich feed on the rotten meat of dead dogs.What is utterly repulsive to us is utterlytasty to them. Pickled fish sauce, ngapi, isanother example more familiar to us. Manypeople say it smells of rotted fish, but manypeople find it delicious. Perhaps it wouldbe rude to suggest that some people likepickled fish sauce just as valtures like rot-ted dog meat. Because feelings are differ-ent, our likes and dislikes are different. Wecling to different things. We have differ-ent outlooks, and we have different pur-poses. We think, we speak and we act indifferent ways. Consequently, our kammabeing different, the fruits we reap are dif-ferent.

uREfkyfudk ylaZmfjcif;[maumif;wJh vkyf&yf

jzpfEkdifygOD;rvm;/ ½ku©pdk;\tar;pum;awGudk

jyefajzEk di fzd k Y ol YrSm tiftm;r&S dawmhav?

av;yifpGmjzih f acgif;udkcg&rf;rdvdkufonf/

xdkpOfrSmyJ ½ku©pdk;u *gxmpum;wpfyk'fudk

olYtm; &Gwfqdkjyvdkufonf/

]td k tcsif;a,musfm; oifonf

owå0gud kowfí vGwfajrmuf jci f ;um;

raumif;rIjzih f aESmifzG J U\}

½ku©pdk;&Gwfqdkvdkufaom*gxmpum;

tqH k ;ü ol Ytzd k YvG Jr Sm;p Gmvky fc J hr donfud k

jyefvnfqef;ppf &awmhonf/ ½ku©pd k;xHrS

xyfrHxGufvmaom pum;awGu ol\vGJrSm;rI

awGudk ydkí ay:vGif oGm;aponf/

]taqG oifvnf; ao&rSmaMumuf

ovdk uREfkyfvnf; oufwrf;ukefrSmudk aMumuf&

olyJav? wd&pämefawGvnf; uREfkyfwdkYenf;wl

&Sdayvdrhfr,f}

][kwfygw,f t&Sif½ku©pdk;}

]taq G p O f ; p m ; Mun h f y gv m ; ?

udk,faumif;zdkYtwGuf wpfjcm;aom touf

awGqHk;½HI;r,fqdkwmjzpfoihfygovm;? NyD;awmh

uREkfyftm; ylaZmfzdkYtaqG owfjzwfrJhjrifuGif;udk

vnf; uREfkyftaeeJY MunhfaeEkdifrnfr[kwf?

'gaMumihf 'DylaZmfrIudkjyKr,fqdkygu taqGvnf;

i&Ja&mufzdkY aocsmoavmuf&Sdr,f}

½ku©pdk;upum;ajymae&if; wef;vef;

&yfoGm;onf/ olvnf; ½ ku©p d k ;ajymorQ

pum;awGudk jyefvnfpOf;pm;vdkufrdonf/

olawmifao&rSmaMumufao;vQif wd&pämefawG

vnf; ao&rSmaMumufMurSmrvGJyif? NyD;awmh

wd&pämefawGudk owfjzwf&mrS xGufay:vmrnfh

aoG;pdrf;&Sif&Sifrsm; . . .

NyD;aemuf olqufí rawG;csifawmh

yg/ oludk,fwkdifyif 'DjrifuGif;udk Munhf&ufEkdif

rnfr[kwf? olvnf; ½ku©pdk;udkjyefMunhfrdvkduf

onf/ wif;wif;aphaph&Sdaeaom ½ku©pdk;EIwfcrf;

vTmrSm yGihf[vmNyD; ajyajyav; xm;&Sdonfh

pum;udk jyefajymvmjyefonf/

]taqG tEÅ&m,fuif;z d k YtwGuf

wd&pämefawGowfNyD; uREfkyfudk rylaZmfaveJY?

taqGodxm;&rSmu olwpfyg;towfowfjcif;

[m raumif;rI ygPmwdygwmuHqkdwmudk

usL;vGefwmyJjzpfw,f/

][kwfuJhyg ½ku©pdk;}

½ku©pdk;u pum;udkqufíajymjyef

onf/

]'Dvdk raumif;rIeJY aESmifzGJUaewJh ylaZmf

jcif;trIudkrjyKygeJY? vlYb0rSm aumif;jcif;qkd;

jcif;awGudk wpfenf;r[kwf wpfenf; BuHKMu&rSm

yJ? 'Dawmh udk,fhudk,fudk,fom aumif;wJhpdwfxm;

arG;NyD; uHig;yg;udk vHkatmif xdef;ayawmh

taqG}

][kwfuJhyg}

uHig;yg;ud k vH katmifxdef;yg Yr,f

t&Sif½ku©pdk;}

olvnf; ½ku©pd k;tm; uHig;yg;udk

vHkatmifxdef;rnf[k uwday;NyD;aemuf tdrfodkY

jyefvmcJhonf/ vrf;wpfavQmuf ol\tawG;

awGuawmh raumif;rIjzihf aESmifzGJUrIudk wwfEkdif

orQ a&SmifMuOfrnf[k qHk;jzwfcsufwpfckcsvdkuf

rdonf/

ckawmhjzihf olrSm;,Gif;pGmjrifrdcJhaom

anmifyifapmihf ½ku©pdk;tm; wd&pämefjzihfpaw;

í taoG;tom;udk ylaZmfrnf[laom tjrif

rSm;\ arSmifrdkufrIrSm ½ku©pdk;\ ajymqdkrIMum;

vGihfyg; aysmufuG,foGm;cJhNyD; aumif;rIrsm; udk

&nfoefaom tjrifopfudk ol&&Sdvdkufav

onf/

vif;jrwf (jrefrmpm)

usr f ;ud k ; t&Si fpE ´aZmwd(ygV dyg&* l ?

yd#uwfwpfyH kaqmif)

tm*H kaqmifyxri,fZmwfyg tm,mpdw

bwåZmwu0PÖem

(pmrsufESm 25 rS)

28

"r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/


(,ciftywfrStquf)

bk&m;&Sif\ vufaxmuftoGif

wpfcgwpfcgrSm t&SiftmeE´monf

bk&m;&Sif\ vufaxmuftjzpf rvTJra&Smifom

yJ aqmif&Guf&ygacs\/ ol\ oDwif;oHka;zmf

rsm;u olwdkY\ trsKd;rsKd;taxGaxGaom tcuf

tcJrsm;ESihf ywfoufí rMumcP wdkifyifwwf

Muygonf/ trsm;pkuawmh txl;xl;tjym;jym;

aom t,l0g'qdkif&m jyóemrsm;jzihf a&muf

vmwwfMuygonf/ wpfcgwpfav &[ef;rsm;

onfbk&m;&SifxHrS a'oemawmftwdkcsKyfwpfyk'f

udk Mum;emcJh&NyD; to;pdwftus,fw0ihfudk

Mum;em&ef t&SiftmeE´mudk&SmMuygavonf/

taMumif;rSm w&m;awmfrsm;udk tao;pdwf&Sif;

vif;a[mMum;Ekdifonf[laom *kPfowif;

a Mumi h fyi f jzp fy gonf/ bk&m;& Si fonf

rMumcPqdkovdk w&m;awmfrsm;udk twdkcsHK;í

a[mMum;awmfrlwwfygonf/ xdkYaMumihfyif

olwdk YrSm t&SiftmeE´muxyfrHí &Sif;jy&ef

vdktyfjcif;jzpfEkdifygonf/ xdkodkYemMum;MuNyD;

aemuf olwdkYonf bk&m;&SifxHawmfokdY jyef<u

oGm;í t&SiftmeEm\ &Sif;vif;a[mMum;csuf

udk avQmufwifMu&m bk&m;&Sifu t&SiftmeEm

\ w&m;a'oemawmfü ESHYpyfrIudk csD;usL;awmf

rlygonf/

Assistant to the BuddhaNow and then Ananda had to act

as an assistant to the Buddha. He was of-ten consulted by his collegues on theirvarious difficulties, most of them came tohim with questions on various doctrinalmatters. Sometimes the Bhikkhus, havingheard a brief sermon from the Buddha,would seek him to have a more detailedexposition from him, for he had the reputa-tion of being able to expound the Dhamma.The Buddha would often shorten his dis-courses for bhikkhus so that they might tohave if future explained by Amanda. Theywould then return to the Buddha and re-port to him Ananda's exposition, and theBuddha praised Ananda's erudition.

bk&m;&Sifonf uydv0wfjynfrS

omuD0ifrif;rsm;tm; ]aocokwf} (rdrdbmom

usih f BuHtm;xkwfaeolwpfOD;taMumif;)udk

jrifhodef;(armfuRef;)

a[mMum;awmfrl&mwGif nOfheufonfhwd kif

a[m Mum ;awm f r l N y D ; aemu ft& S i ftm ;

w&m;awm fu d k qufvufa[mMum;&e f

rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/ t&SiftmeE´muvnf;

rdefYrSmonfhtwdkif; aqmif&GufawmfrlcsdefwGif

b k&m;& Si fu d k, fw d ki fvus fme Hawmi f ; jzi h f

avsmif;vsufw&m;awmfudk emaeawmfrlyg

onf/ w&m;awmfNyD;qHk;aomtcgwGif bk&m;

&Sifu t&SiftmeE´m\ t&nftcsif;udk csD;usL;

awmfrlygonf/

In the discourse on 'Sekha Sutta'(The Sutta about one who is 'Training Him-self'), after the Buddha had preached tothe Sakyans of Kapilavatthu till late at nighthe asked Ananda to continue the dis-course. Ananda did so, while the Buddhahimself, listening the discourse, lay on hisright side. At the end of the discourse theBuddha commended on his ability.

tcgwpfyg;ü bk&m;&Sifu &[ef;rsm;

tm; ]tpä&d,tAÇKwokwf} (tHhcsD;zG,f&m tvGef

xl;jcm;qef;jym;aomokwf)udk a[mMum;&ef

olYudkapcdkif;NyD; bk&m;&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif oabm

us auseyfpGmemMum;aeawmfrlygonf/

On another occasion the Buddhaasked him to address the bhikkhus on the'Acchariya abbhauta Sutta' (Marvelous andextraordinary Sutta) while the Buddha him-self was listening with approval.

þonfwd k Yu bk&m;& Si ftawmf

twefa[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aom w&m;awmfudk

t&SiftmeEmonf qufvufa[mMum;EkdifpGrf;

&SdawmfrlaMumif;jyqdkaeygonf/ bk&m;&Sifu

taMumif;t&m acgif;pOfowfrSwfay;awmfrl

aomtcgr Smvnf; t& Si ftmeE ´monf

a[mMum;EkdifpGrf;&Sdawmfrlygonf/ bk&m;&Sif

a[mMum;awmfrlaom a'oemawmftwdkcsKyfudk

tao;pdwftus,fw0ihf&Sif;vif;ay;&efudkvnf;

t&nftcsif;jynhfrDawmfrlygonf/ þodkYjzpf&

jcif;taMumif;rSm bk&m;&Sif\ tvkyftauR;

wpfOD;taejzihf aemufawmfyg;rSm t&dyfozG,f

vdkufygae&NyD; bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;awmfrlaom

w&m;awmfrsm;udk emMum;&eftcGifhaumif;BuD;

&&SdawmfrlNyD; olYuG,f&mü a[mMum;awmfrlcJh

aom w&m;awmfrsm;udkvnf; bk&m;&Sifu olYudk

jyefvnfa[mjyawmfrlonfhtjyif bk&m;&SifrdefY

qdkavorQudk rSwfom;xm;Ekdifaom t&nf

tcsif;aMumihfjzpfygavonf/

These showed that Ananda wascompetent to continue the discourse thatthe Buddha had preached up to a certainextent. He also was capable to give a dis-course when the Buddha prescribed thesubject matter, and was qualified to give amore detailed exposition on the brief ser-mon given by the Buddha. Because as apersonal attendant of the Buddha he, fol-lowing him like a shadow, had good op-portunity to listen the Teachings of theBuddha who recounted the discourseswhich preached out of his presence, andowing to his skill in remembering the wordsof the Buddha.t&SiftmeE´m\]{w'*f}& t&nftaoG;

r sm;

tcgwpfyg; a&Tbke f;awmfocif

bk&m;&Sifonf aZw0efausmif;awmfüoDwif;

oHk;aeawmfrlpOf t&SiftmeEm\ aumif;uGuf

tm;omcsufrsm;udk Budrfzefrsm;pGm csD;usL;

axmyemjyKawmfrlNyD;aemuf t&SiftmeE´m\

tomqHk;tjrwfqHk;aom ]{w'*f} t&nftaoG;

rsm;udk aMunmawmfrlygonf/ tjcm;aom

29

"r®0D&onf wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;udk jyqkdonf/


txifu&pHjy om0uBuD;rsm;onf trsKd;tpm;

taMumif;t&mwpfckodk Yr[kwf trsm;qHk;rSm

E Sp fc kr Smom trsm;xuf omvGe fxl;cRe f

({w'* fb G J U&& S d ) awm fr l Muaom fvnf;

t&SiftmeEmrlum; taMumif;t&m ig;rsKd;wGif

Ny d Ki fzufuif ;ol tjzp f ({w'*fbG J U )ud k

&&SdykdifqdkifaMujimcHcJh& ygonf/

Pre-eminent qualities of AnandaOn one occasion when the Ex-

alted One was staying at the Jetavanamonastery, he extolled the virtues ofAnanda, on many counts and then de-clared the five pre-eminent qualities of him.While all the other leading disciples ex-celled in only one category or at most intwo, he had the unique distinction of be-ing pronounced formed in five categories;

]]&[ef;wdkY y&d,wdå A[kokw<u,f0

ESHYpyfMuukefaom igbk&m;\ wynhfom; om0

u&[ef;wdkYwGif tmeEmonf tomqHk;tjrwf

qHk;aomol ({w'*f)jzpfayonf/ ({w'*¾H

bdu©a0 rrom0umeH bdu©LeH A[kókwmeH

,'d'H tmeaEm})

"Bhikkhu! among my bhikkhudisciples who have wide learning Anandais the foremost." ("Etadaggam bhikkhavemama savakanam bhikkhunumbahustanam yadidam Anando")

]]&[ef;wdkY igbk&m;\ w&m;awmfwdkY

udk xdef;odrf;(rSwfom;xm;)jcif;ü owdBuD;rm;

Muukefaom igbk&m;\ wynhfom; om0u

&[ef;wkdYwGif tmeEmonf tomqHk;tjrwfqHk;

aomol ({w'*f)jzpfayonf/ (]{w'*¾H bdu©

a0 rr om0umeH bdu©LeH owdrEÅmeH ,'d'H

tmeaEm})

"Bhikkhu!, among my bhikkhudisciples who have mindfulness in retain-ing (remembering) my discourse Anandais the foremost. ("Etagaggam bhikkhavemama savakamam bhikkhunam satimantanam yadidam Ananda")

]&[ef;wdkY igbk&m;\ w&m;awmfwdkY

ud k aumif;pGmem;vnfoabmaygufaom

igbk&m;\ wynhfom; om0u&[ef;wdkYwGif

tmeEmonf tomqHk;tjrwfqHk;aomol({w

'*f)jzpf\/ (]{w'*¾Hbdu©a0 rrom0umeH

bdu©L eH *wdrEÅmeH ,'d'H tmeaEm})/

"Bhikkhus!, among my bhikkhudisciple who comprehend my TeachingsAnanda is the foremost". ("Etadaggambhikkhave mama savakanam bhikkhumangatimantanam yadidam Ananda")

]]&[ef;wdkY igbk&m;\ w&m;awmfwdkY

udk avhvmjcif; A[kokw? rSwfom;jcif;ESifh

jyefvnf&Gwfqdka[mMum;Ekdifjcif;wdkYtjyif ig

bk&m;udkjyKpkvkyfauR;&mwGifyg) x<uvHkYv0D&d

,&Sdaom igbk&m;\ wynhfom; om0u&[ef;

wdkYwGif tmeEmonf tomqHk;tjrwfqHk;aom

ol ({w'*f)jzpfonf/ (]]{w'*¾H bdu©a0 rrom

0umeHbdu©LeH "dwdrEÅmeH ,'d'H tmeaEm}})

"Bhikkhus!, among my bhikkhudisciples who are diligent (in learning, re-membering and reciting my Teachings aswell as in attending on me) savakanambhikkhunam dhitimantanam yadidamAnanda")

t&SiftmeE´monf BuD;us,fxl;uJ

aeaom rSwfÓPfpGrf;&nfukd ydkifqkdifxm;awmf

rlygonf/ olonf wpfBudrfwpfcgwnf;om

Mum;emvdkuf&½HkrQjzihf t&m&mudk csufjcif;

rSwfrdaeawmfrlEkdifygonf/ olonf Ak'&Sifawmf

\ w&m;a'oemawmftm;vHk;udk pum;vHk;a&

ajcmufaomif;xdwdkifatmif wpfvHk;wpfyg'rQ

rusefap&bJ txpftaigYr&Sd? jyefvnfajymjy

&GwfqdkEkdifygonf/ olonf bk&m;&Sifa[mMum;

awmfrlcJhonhf pmaMumif;a& av;aMumif;yg&Sd

aom *gxmyk'faygif; wpfaomif;ig;axmifudk

jyefvnf&GwfqkdjyEkdifawmfrlyg\]/ wpfcgaomf

bk&m;&Sifu t&SiftmeEmuJhodkYaom aumif;pGm

em,lvdkufemNyD; pdwfudkavhusihfqHk;raeaom

yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,mufudk awGUzdkYrvG,fulvS

aMumif; rdefYMum;awmfrlygonf/

Ven.Ananda had the ability ofremembering to a phenomenal degree. Hecould immediately remember every thing,even if he had heard if only once. He couldrepeat all the discourses of the Teacherflawlessly up to sixty thousand words with-out leaving out a single syllable. He wasable to recite fifteen thousand four-linestanzas of the Buddha. Once the Buddhasaid it would not be easy to find one whoequaled Ananda in respect to listening welland training the mind.bk&m;&Sifcs D;jr§ih fawmfrlaom ]"r®aMu;rH k}

bk&m;&Sifonf &mZN*dK[fESihf teD;em;

0ef;usifwdkYwGif oDv? orm"d? ynmwnf;[l

aom odu©moHk;&yfudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmxm;aom

w&m;a'oemawmfrsm;udk tBudrfBudrftxyf

xyfa[mMum;awmfrlNyD;aemuf t&SiftmeE´m

tjyif tjcm;aom&[ef;awmfwd k YE Si h ftwl

]trÁv|dum} O,smOfodkY<uoGm;awmfrlonf/ þ

wGifvnf;bk&m;&Sif\ w&m;awmfrsm;wGif

odu©moHk;yg;udkyif jy|mef;a[mMum;awmfrlyg

onf/ xdkYaemuf bk&m;&Sifonf ]emVEmNrdKUawmf}

odk Y <uoGm;awmfrlNyD; ]yg0g&du} ol<u,f\

o&ufO,smOfü &uftwefi,foDwif;oHk;awmf

rlNyD; bk&iftZmwowf\ ]rm*"} EkdifiH\

ajrmufzuftpGef ]**Fg} jrpf\awmifbufurf;

ay:wGif&Sdaom ]yg#vd&Gm} &GmodkY <ucsDoGm;

awmfrlygonf/ þwGif&Gmol &Gmom;rsm;udk

]oDvuxm}ESihf ywfoufaom w&m;awmfrsm;

udk a[mMum;awmfrlyg\/ xdkrSwpfzef bk&m;

&Sifonf **Fgjrpfudkjzwfausmfvsuf ]aum#d&Gm}

odkY <uoGm;awmfrlum odu©moHk;yg;ESihf opöm

av;yg;udk a[mMum;awmfrlygonf/ xdkrSwpfzef

bk&m;&Sifonf ]emwdum&Gm} odkY a&muf&Sdawmf

r lí tkwfwd k Y jzi h f wnfaqmufxm;aom

cef;rBuD;wpfckü oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlygonf/

xdk&Gmü t&SiftmeE´modvm&onfrSm xdk&GmrS

&[ef;awmfrsm;? Oygoum? Oygodumr trsm;

tjym;wdkYrSm a&SUqihfaemufqihfyif ysHawmfrlMu

uG,fvGefMuaMumif;jzpfNyD; xdkolwdkY\ wrvGef

b0taMumif;udk bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm;

ar;jref;awmfrlavonf/ bk&m;&Sifu yk*¾dKvf

wpfOD;wpfa,muf uG,fvGefoGm;avwdkif; wr

vGefb0taMumif;udk bk&m;&SifwdkYtm; ar;jref;

aeMuvQif bk&m;&SiftzdkY yifyef;zG,fom&Sdyg

awmhrnf/ tmeE´monf xdktaMumif;udk rdrd

bmomod&SdEkdifonf[k rdefYawmfrlNyD; ]"r®aMu;rHk}

ESihf ywfoufaom w&m;awmfwpf&yfudk a[m

Mum;awmfrlcJhygonf/

Mirror of Dhamma given by the BuddhaThe Buddha after delivering the

discourses classifying the ThreeTrainings-Sila, Samadhi and Panna repeat-edly at Rajagaha and its vicinities, togehterwith Ananda and other bhikkhus, went to'Amblatthika' garden. Here also he speci-fied the Three Trainings in his discourses.Then he went to 'Nalanda City' where hestayed at mango grove of 'Pavarika' house-holder, for some days and left for 'Patalivillage', which was on the south bank ofthe 'Ganga' at the morthern end of'Magadha' of King Ajatasattu. Here hegave a discourse on 'Silakatha' to the vil-lagers. Then he, crossing the Ganga, wentto 'Kotivillage' where he expounded theThree Trainings and four Noble Truths.Then the Buddha reached 'Natika Village'where he stayed at a brick hall. At that vil-lage Ananda came to know that manybhikkhus and lay devotes of that village


30"r®0D&onf pdwfESvHk;ESifhb0udk Nidrf;csrf;aponf/

DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS

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cP oJ'Pfa&'Pf xrf;&avh&Sdonf/

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jzpfaeí pmcsq&mawmfwdkYu q&mawmfBuD;

xH Mo0g'cH,lMu&if; t&SifZ0eESihf ywfoufí

t&SifZ0epmtukefrusufyHk pmar;yGJudk wpfcg

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q&mawmfBuD;udk avQmufxm;Muonf/

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cspfcifjrwfEdk;rIcH&onf/

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31

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a&T&wk"r®Adrmefawmf0,f (15) Budrfajrmuf

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32

"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/


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qyfjymusif;? oref;usif;? r,Gif; vufyef

yg? vuúwdk;ac:Mu O,smOfom0,f? raem

&r® rkwår[k opfwHkac:Mujyif usif;udk;

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v Ge fwi f hw,fonf aysm fz G, faysm f&m

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ppfudkif;rS acsmif(9)acsmifrSm apmif

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vuf0J*l? a&T*lBuD;ESihf ykyæm½Hk*lrsm;jzpfonf/

xdkYtjyifw0vnf; rsm;vSpGmaom tvSw&m;

rsm;jzihf jynhfaeonfh ae&mXmejzpfayonf/

,ckrl oDw*lurÇmhAk'¨wuúodkvfBuD;

xyfrHí ay:aygufvmcJ h Ny D jzpf&m r*Fvm

csif;xyfaeayawmhonf/ þwuúodkvfBuD;onf

t*¾r[my@dw? r[m"r®uxdu A[kZe[dw

"& q&mawmf t&SifOmPdó& (Ph.D)\

vHkYvjyK rIjzihf Ak'omoemtusKd;jyK? &[ef;&Sifvl

jynfol trsm; tusKd;jyKvkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh

oDw*la& tvSLawmf? oDw*ltm,k'ge aq;½Hk

tvSLawmfESif h urÇmhAk'¨wuúodkvfwd k Yonf

0ih fxnfpGm wnf&S daeNyD jzpfonf/ oDw*l

a&tvSLawmfaMumih f pp fud ki f ;awmif½ d k ;

wpfavQmufwGif a&zlvHkMuNyDjzpfí a&twGuf

'ku©Nidrf;Mu&NyD; awmif½kd;awmifpOfwpfavQmuf

jrifuGif;rSm ,cifuxuf pdrf;vef;pdkajy vsuf&Sd

aeonf/ tm,k'geaq;½ H konf &[ef; ?

omraP? a,m*D olawmfpifrsm; tm;vHk;\

usef;rm a&;udk axmufyHhulnDay;aeojzihfvnf;

pdwfESvHk;csrf;om? usef;rmpGmjzihf y&d,wdå?

y#dywdåvkyfief;rsm;udk vkyfaqmifvsuf&SdMuonf/

oDw*lAk'wuúodkvfudk (1996) ckESpf

wGif pwifwnfaxmifcJhNyD; {u(20)ausmf&Sd

aom ausmif;y&0kPf\ tv,fA[dkü tEkokck

rvuf&m wihfw,fpGmESihf qefcsDapwDawmfBuD;

onf oEÅdr[mbGJUESif;obifcef;rBuD;ESihf twl

apwDawmfudk ywf0dkif;vsuf&Sdonf/ oyÜg,fpGm

oDwif;oHk;awmfrlvsuf&Sdonfh bk&m;qif;wkawmf

(108)ql? ur®|mef;aqmif (108)aqmif? qefcsD

rkcfOD;BuD;(4)ckwdkYjzifh crf;em;x,f0gvsuf&Sday

onf/ y&0kPf\ ywfvnfwGif cefYnm;oyf&yf

aomausmif;aqmifrsm;? axmihfav;axmifhü

tkyfcsKyfpDrHaqmif(1)aqmifpDESihftwl 0ihfx,f

pGmwnf&Sdaeayonf/ opfyifyef;rmefrsm;onf

ausmif;y&0kPftwGif;ü yPm&pGm a0a0qm

qm&SdvSonf/ ppfudkif;awmif½dk;? qGrf;OD;ykn&Sif

apwDay:rS vSrf;arQmfvdkufvQif oDw*lurÇmh Ak'

wuúodkvf qefcsDapwDawmfudk xif&Sm;pGm

zl;jrifEkdifayonf/

a&S;acwf tdEd´,EkdifiHrS emvEÁk'¨

wuúodkvfBuD;onf urÇmausmfjzpfcJ honf/

emvEwuúodkvfonf vufsmawmf&Ht&Sifom&d

ykwå&m\ zGm;&mZmwdjzpfonf/ &mZN*dK[frS

ywåem;NrdKUodkY oGm;aom rD;&xm;vrf;ü wnf&Sd

onf emvE´monf apwDESifh Z&yfrsm;twef;

vdkuf aqmufvkyfxm;NyD;? wuúodkvfausmif;

aqmifrsm;udkvnf; wef;vsuf pepfwus

aqmufvkyfxm;onf/ emvEmausmif;awmfBuD;

ü r[mynmausmfrsm; Ak'¨pmayynm&yfrsm;?

yef;ykynm? ausmufqpfynm? aq;ynm?

eu©wfynmrsm; oifMum;ydk YcscJhonf/ r[m

ynmausmfrsm;? Ak'äwG;ac:ynm &Sifrsm;

ay:xGufcJh&m ae&mjrwfjzpfcJhonf/ ausmif;

awmf\ pkvpfrGef;cRef jymom'faqmifBuD;

rsm;rSm rd k;od k Y ys HwufaeMuonf/ emvE´

wuúok dvf BuD;ud k pwifwnfaxmifolr Sm

wdbufrS wm&memx\ rSwfwrf;rsm;t&qdk&

vQif em*tZÆKe q&mawmfjzpfonf/ at'D

(5)&mpküwnfaxmifcJhaom emvE´wuúodkvf

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wm0ef,lcJ hNyD; bk&ifrsm;ESih f e,fpm;rsm;u

axmufyHhvSL'gef;cJhonf/ þwuúodkvfBuD;onf

at'D(5)&mpkrS (12)&mpktxd ESpfaygif; (800)

cefYwnf&SdcJhonf/ þwuúodkvfBuD;\ t&Sdef

t[kefaMumihf emvENrdKUrSm xif&Sm;ausmfMum;cJh

Ny D; Ak' ¨bmom,Ofaus;rIaMumih f tdEd ´,

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aqmifBuD;tjzpf ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm ausmfMum;cJh

onf/

þoDw*lurÇmhAk'¨wuúokdvfBuD;ü

vnf; okwf? 0denf;? tbd"r®m? &mZ0if? omoemh

0if? Ak'0if? ta&SUwdkif; taemufwdkif; wuúaA

'? pdwåaA'? omoemjyKenf; bmom&yfrsm;

oifMum;yd k Ycsay;í B.A (0dZÆmbGJU)? M.A

(r[m0dZÆm) ESifh Ph.D(yg&*lbGJU) rsm;tyfESif;

rnfjzpf&m urÇmhtqihfrD wuúokdvfBuD;tjzpf

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ynm&Sifrsm; arG;xkwfay;ouJhokdY? þoDw*l

urÇmhAk'¨wuúokdvfBuD;onfvnf; tem*wf

omoemtwGuf ax&0g'omoemjyK tmZm

enfrsm; arG;xkwfay;&efBudK;pm;vsuf&Sdayonf/

,ck jrefrmhouú&mZf(1370) ESih f

waygif;vqef; (10)&uf (5.3.2009) ckESpf

(2007-2008)ü B.A (0dZÆmbGJU) atmifjrifcJh

aom &[ef;rsm;ESihf vlyk*¾dKvf(38)OD;wdk Ytm;

bGJUESif;obif tcrf;tem;jzihfay;tyfcJhonf/

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vS,f(250)ESihf tpdk;&tBuD;tuJrsm; jynfwGif;

rS {nhfonfawmfrsm;pGm wufa&mufcJhonf/

oDw*lurÇmhwuúodkvfBuD;ü ax&0g'Ak'wuúodkvf

rsm;\ 'kwd,tBudrf nDvmcHBuD;udkvnf;

(5.3.2009)rS (8.3.2009)xd usif;yEkdifcJh

ojzihf urÇmay:ü omoemhtvH "r®atmifvH

vTihfxlEkdifcJhayNyD/

,aeYppfudkif;awmif½dk;ü &[ef;awmf

rsm; oDwif;oHk;onfh ausmif;wdkufaygif; (642)

wdkuf? oDv&Sifrsm; oDwif;oHk;onfh acsmifaygif;

(357)acsmifwdk Yü &[ef;omraP? oDv&Sif

(10000)ausmfwdkYonf at;csrf;pGm y&d,wdå?

y#dywdåomoemrsm;udk tm;xkwfvsuf&Sdonf/

þodk Y jzih f ompGXmae aZ,sma&Tajronf

olawmfaumif;? olawmfjrwfwdkYtm; vmvSnhfyg

½IvSnhfyg? avhvmvSnhfyg[k zdwfac:aeouJhodkY

&Sdacsonf/ xdkYtwl oDw*lurÇmhAk'wuúodkvf

BuD;rSvnf; "r®'lwomoemjyK t&Sifrsm;

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wuúodkvfBuD;onf urÇmay:wGif &mpkESpfaygif;

rsm;pGm xGef;awmufaeOD;rnfjzpfonf/ okdYjzpf

í trd oDw*lAk'wuúodkvfBuD;odkY ynm&ifEdkY

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pmayoif,lvdkaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; vufurf;

BudKqdkvsuf&SdaeygaMumif;..../

Munfoef Ypif

"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/


36

Ak'¨jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif

vufxufawmftcgu jrwf

bk&m;\ wynfh om0ursm;xJ

wGif t&Sif om&dykwå&mrax&f

onf bk&m;ocif\ vuf sm

awmf& H jzp fyg\/ ÓPfawmf

ynmt&mü txufjrufqHk;? tom

qHk; jzpfí ynmt&mü {w'*fbGJUxl;udk

cs D ; jr §i h f jcif;c Hc J h\/ t&Sifom&d ykwå&m

rax&fjrwfonf csOf;uyfvmonhf wynhf

oHCmawmf t&Sifoljrwfrsm;udk OD;pGm tusihf

oDvpifMu,fatmifjyKvkyfapNyD;rS y#dywdå

vkyfief;udk vkdufemusihfoHk; aqmif&Gufap

ygonf/

uREfkyfwdkY ykxkZOfvlom;wdkYonfvnf;

w&m;tm;xkwf&mwGif tyg,fwHcg;ydwfzdkY&ef

twGuf atmufygusihfpOfrsm;udk jyKvkyfaqmif

&GufoGm;&ef vdktyfayonf/

tenf;qHk; pifMu,fjcif;0dok'd (4) yg;

udk vkdufemusihfoHk;oGm;&ygrnf/

(u) oDv0dok' ¨ d- vlvnf;v l

tavsmuf? &[ef;vnf;&[ef;tavsmuf?

oDvpifMu,fatmifjyKvkyf&jcif;/

(c) pdwå0dok'd- ur®|mef;tm;xkwfí

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rI jzpfapjcif;/

(*) 'd|d0dok'd- ½kyf? emrfESpfyg;om

& S donf[k {ueftrSe f jzp faom? emr½ l ?

y&dapä' ÓPf\ pifMu,fjcif;udk jzpfapjcif;/

(C) ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨ d- ,HkrSm;

jcif; 0dpdudpämudk vGefajrmufEdkifaom ypö,

y&d*¾[ÓPf\ pifMu,fjcif;udkjzpfapjcif;wdkY

jzpfygonf/

oDv0dok'¨djzpfaom tusihfoDv\ pifMu,f

jcif;wGif tajccHtusihfoDvig;yg;jzpfaom-

(1) olwpfyg;\ toufudk rowfjzwf

&jcif;?

(2) olwpfyg;\ ypönf;Opömrsm;udk

cdk;,ljcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;?

(3) olwpfyg;wdkY\ om;r,m;tm;

rawmfrw&m; jyKusihfjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;?

(4) olwpfyg;tm; r[kwfrrSefvdrfnm

rI ajymqdkjcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif;?

(5) rl;,pfapwwfonhf ao&nft&uf

rsm; aomufpm;jcif;rS a&SmifMuOf&jcif; tp&Sd

onfwdkYudk NrJjrefpGm udk,fü jzpfay:wnf&Sdae

rIudk? uif;pifoefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmifvkdufem

usihfBuH aqmif&GufoGm;Mu&ygrnf/

azmfjyyg uH (5) yg;udk twwfEdkifqHk;

owdxm;NyD; txl;apmifhxdef;oGm;&rnfjzpfay

onf/ odkYrSomvQif oDvpifMu,fjcif;tjzpfodkY

a&muf&SdoGm;Edkifrnfjzpfygonf/

pdwå0dok'¨ d jzpfaom pdwf\jzLpif? oefY&Sif;

pifMu,fjcif;wGif pdwf? apwodufonf vlY

avmuwGif t"duusaom t&myifjzpfonf/

pdwfjzLpifoefY&Sif;aerS t&m&mudkjyKvkyf&mü

wdk;wufatmifjrifrnfjzpfayonf/ pdwfnpfEGrf;

aeygvQif vkyfaqmifonfhudpöwkdif; t&mra&muf

jzpfacsonf/ xdkYaMumihf pdwfonfomt"du

jzpfaeayonf/ pdwfwpfvHk;Edkifu tm;vHk;udk

ydkifygonf[k qdk½dk;pum; &SdcJhygonf/

pdwfudkydkifEdkifoefY&Sif;pifMu,fatmif

w&m;"r®rsm;udk tm;xkwfoGm;&eftjyif bk&m;\

*kPfawmf ykwD;pdyfjcif;ESihfarwåmyGm;ydkYjcif;rsm;udk

jy Kv ky fo Gm ;&rnf jzp fy gonf xd karwåm

bm0emtay: vu©Pmwif½IMunhfqifjcif&

ygrnf/ od k Yr SomvQi f r dr dw d k Y v d k&m

yef;wdkifjzpfaom tyg,fwHcg;udk ydwfoGm;

apEdkifygonf/

'd|d0dok'¨ d jzpfaom t,lrSm;rIpifMu,fjcif;

wGif avmuBuD;ü jzpfjzpforQjyKjyifpD&if&rI

ocFg&w&m;wdkYonf ½kyf? emrfrSwpfyg;? owå0g

r&Sd? yk*¾dKvfr&Sd? ewf? jA[®m? vl? wd&pämef? i&Jom;?

Nydwåm? txD;? tr r&Sd? ½kyfemrfESpfyg;omjzpf\/

]]uH}} u pDrHvkdufonfhtwkdif; vdkcsifrI? pGJrufrI?

om,mrI? jzpfcsifrI ]]wPSm}} aMumihf? cE¨myHk

trsdK;rsdK;wnfaqmuf&&Sdvmjcif;jzpf\/ twå

onf r&SdaMumif;? tewåonfomvQif &SdaMumif;?

jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifu a[mazmfñTefjyoGm;cJhyg

onf/ þodkYjzihf pdwfwGif rSm;rSm;,Gif;,Gif;odjrif

jcif;rS &Sif;vif;oGm;ygu 'd|duif;pifoGm;rnf jzpf

jcif;aMumifh tyg,fwHcg;ydwfapEdkifygonf/

owå0gonf uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m&

tay:rSDí jzpfaom½kyfrsm;jzpfNyD; opfyifrsm;rSm

OwkE Si h ftm[m&tay:rS Dí jzpfvmaom

½kyfrsm;omjzpf\/ uH? pdwf? Owk? tm[m&

ypönf;av;yg;tay:rSDí jzpfvmaomowå0gwdkY

\½kyfü uH? pdwfwdkYyGm;pD;pnfyifaprnhf cE¨m

tpdwftydkif;rsm; owå0gwkdif;ü ygvmjcif;jzpf

avonf/

azmfjyyg'd|dESifh 0dpdudpäm ,HkrSm;rIudk

y,fowfEdkifcJhygvQif tyg,fwHcg;ydwfapNyD;

aomwmyeftjzpfod k Y a&muf&S doGm;Ed kifrnf

jzpfaMumif; wifjyvkduf &ygonf/ /

rif;azjrihf (rk'H k)

tyg,fwHcg;ydwfusihfpOfrif;azjrihf (rk'Hk)

died consecutively and he asked the Bud-dha about their next existences. The Bud-dha, sasying if the Tathagata were to beasked about the next existence every timea person died, it would only be firesomefor him, Ananda can make it known by him-self, delivered a discourse on the'Dhammadasa' (Mirror of Dhamma).

xdkw&m;awmfrSm yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;onf

bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmwnf;[laom &wemjrwf

oHk;yg;udk cdkifcdkifNrJNrJ ouf0if,HkMunfrI&SdNyD; ig;yg;

oDvudk aumif;pGmapmihfxdef;cJhygrl tyg,fav;

yg;rS uif;vGwfí aumif;&mok*wdodkY a&muf

&efaocsmayonf[líjzpfygonf/

It was that one, having firm be-lief in the three gems: the Buddha, theDhamma and the samgha and having ob-served five precepts, could be free fromthe four miserable existences and be as-sured of a good destination.

(To be continue)

pmrsufESm 29 rS

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfaponf/

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

37

rauG;wd ki f; yckuúLc½d ki f ]yckuúL

OD;tHk;az} pmMunhfwdkuf 14 ESpfjynhfajrmuf

txdrf;trSwf tjzpf pmayNydKifyJGjyKvkyfcJh&m

2009 ckESpf arv 23 &uf eHeuf 8em&Dtcsdefu

pmayqkESif;obiftcrf;tem;ud k yckuúL

OD;tHk;az pmMunhfwdkufwGif usif;ycJhonf/

tcr f ;tem;ok d Y oufqk di f&m

tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? Xmeqdkif&mrsm;?

zdwfMum;xm;olrsm;? qk&&Sdolrsm;? pmay0g

oem&Sifrsm;? pma&;q&m? q&mrBuD;rsm;

wufa&mufMuonf/

a& S ;O D ;p Gm yc kuú Lc½ d ki fat;csr f ;

om,ma&;ESihf zGHUNzdK;a&;aumifpD Ouú| udk,fpm;

NrdKUe,fOuú|u trSmpum;ajymMum;onf/

c½dkifjyef Mum;a&;ESihf jynfolYqufqHa&;OD;pD;rSL;

pmMunhfwdkufjzpfajrmufa&; aumfrwDOuú|

ESihftzGJU0ifrsm;u pmMunhfwdkufa&&SnfwnfwHh

cd kifNrJapa&;ESihf ydkrd kwdk;wufapa&; twGuf

xdef;odrf;apmih fa&Smuf&ef vd ktyfaMumif;?

pmMunhfwd kuftxdrf;trSwftcrf;tem;udk

ESpfpOfqufvufusif;yEk difMu&ef taumif

txnfazmfaqmif& Guf Mu apvd kaMumif;

toD;oD;&Sif;vif;ajymMum;Muonf/

]yckuúLOD;tHk;az} pmMunhfwdkuf 14 ESpfjynhftxdrf;trSwfpmayqkESif;obiftcrf;tem;usif;yjcif;

xkYdaemufqk&&Sdolrsm;udk oufqdkif

&mrsm;rS qkrsm;csD;jr§ihfMu onf/ xdkYaemuf

uG,fvGefol pma&;q&mBuD; MuL&wem

armifjrBudKif\ ZeD; a':cifvdIifu q&mBuD;

tokH;jyKcJhaom ayyk&ydkufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;?

yckuúL OD;tkH;az pmMunfhwkduftaqmufttkHyk H

qk&olrsm;ESif h vSL'gef;olrsm;ukd,fpm; 0w¦Kyxrqk&&S dol

oufyk dif Nidrf;(½ku©aA')u aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymMum;pOf

&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd

Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf

&J&ifhwnfMunfaom

avmutjrifjzifh

b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf

atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY

"r®0D&*sme,f

zwfMupkdU

pmMunhfwd kufrSL; OD;atmifwifu r*¾Zif;

pmtkyfrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? oufyd ki f Ni dr f;

(½ku©aA')u "r®0D&*sme,frsm;ESih f tjcm;

*sme,faygif;pHkwdkY tm;vnf;aumif; OD;tHk;az

pmMunhfwdkuftwGuf ay;tyfvSL'gef; Muonf/

qk&&S dolrsm;E Si h f vSL'ge f ;olrsm;

udk,fpm;? 0w¬K yxrqk&&Sdol oufydkifNidrf;

(½ku©aA') u aus;Zl;wifpum;ajymMum;um

tcrf;tem;udk ½kyfodrf;vdkufaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

"r®0D&

38"r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/

DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES

Ä wpfaeYaomtcg jynfAm&m

jA[®'wfrif;-rif;jyKcg/

Ak'¨avmif;vsmxdkpOfu

xdkrif;om;awmfjzpfcJh&/

Ä t&G,fa&mufu ynmyif?

cyfodrf;twwf wwfajrmufvQif/

zcifrif;BuD; ewf&Gmvm;?

Am&mrif;BuD; jzpfavwum;/

Ä wpfaeYom;awmh &Sifbk&if

rxif&Sm;wJh toGiftjyif/

NrdKUawmfwpfcGif olavQmufvSrf;?

vlxkMum;rSm olpHkprf;/

Ä c&D;vrf;aMumif; wpfae&m

armifrl;wdkYESihf qHkawGUyg/

xdkolwdkYrSm trSefpifppf?

cdk;om;"m;jyawGjzpf/

Ä atmf[pf½dkufESuf Murf;wrf;pGm?

bk&ifBuD;udk zrf;qD;yg/

xrf;apum aoa&tdk;

cdkif;aygY xdkolcdk;/

Ä tjzpfqdk;vS rif;BuD;rSm?

aotdk;xrf;í vmpOfcg/

yka&m[dwfa[mif;rSm vrf;rç xGuf?

rdk;aumif;uifudk armhMunhfvsuf?

eu©wfwm&m olwGufcsuf/

Ä &efolYvufwGif; wdkYbk&if

usa&mufzdkYudef; uREfkyfjrif/

tdrf&Sifrudk ac:umajym?

wGufcsuf aocsma[m/

Ä ykPÖm;tajym Mum;rdyg?

bk&ifrif;BuD; tHhMopGm/

xdktcg rif;w&m;?

ckd;olrsm;udk olyefMum;/

Ä oem;ojzihf rif;jrwfpGm

cdk;olwdkYu vTwf&m/

em;aeum olr&yf?

ykPÖm;tdrfudk ajy;umrSwf/

Ä xyfíMum;& aemufwpfcg?

ykPÖm;ajymvkduf pum;rSm/

]]vGwfajrmufoGm;yg onfcP?

rif;BuD; uHaxmufr}}/

Ä oabmusaygY rif;BuD;rSm?

xkdykPÖm; ynm/

ykPÖm;ae&m aocsmrSwf?

jyefcJh olYeef;&yf/

Ä &mZmrif;jrwf aemufaeYwGif

eef;awmfykPÖm; olac:iif/

nOfhwkef;uvQif eu©wfrsm;?

MunhfrdcJhMuao;ovm;.../

aumif;a&m aumif;Muygovm;../

ab;&efuif;&Sif;yg&JUvm;.../

Ä ykPÖm;rsm;u jyefíajz?

]MunhfrdcJhMu ygoav}

]aumif;aom eu©wfjzpfygay?

]ab;&efuif;&Sif; aumif;aomtajc/

olwdkYtajz rESpfouf?

Am&mrif;BuD; trsufxGuf/

Ä tckcsufcsif;? rif;csif;ap?

yka&m[dwfa[mif;udk oGm;ac:av/

a&mufvmay tdkykPÖm;?

a&SUawmfarSmuf cpm;/

Ä rif;w&m;u xdktcg?

a&SUuuJhodkY ar;av&m?

yka&m[dwfaumif;u ajzonfrSm/

Ä Munhfrdygonf t&Sifbk&m;?

eu©wfwm&m vGefqdk;0g;

ab;tEÅ&m,f tvGefrsm;/

qEqk&nf rwlnD

aZmfaemif

Ä t&Sifbk&m; udk,fwkdifay?

&efolYvufwGif; uscJhay/

odkYwap cPtwGif;?

xdkab;rS vGwfuif;/

Ä &Sif;vif;wifjy olYtajz

Am&mrif;BuD; ESpfoufay/

eu©wfaA' uRrf;olum;

þodkYyguvm;/

Ä rdefYMum;vdkufaygY xdktcg

rif;BuD;pum;rSm?

ykPÖm;vdrfnm onfwpftkyf

eef;wGif;rS ESifxkwf/

Ä þodkYvkyfNyD; rif;BuD;rSm?

yka&m[dwfa[mif;udk qkcs&m/

vdkcsifonfudk avQmufwifyg/

Ä xdktcg yka&m[dwfa[mif;?

rif;BuD;xHrSm tcGihfawmif;?

tdrf&SifreJY wdkifyifvdkaMumif;/

Ä yka&m[dwfa[mif; tdrfjyefvm?

tdrfom;rsm;eJY wdkifyif&m/

wpfOD;pDrSm qE´wpfck

qE´udk,fpDjyK/

Ä vdkcsifaomqk rwlyg?

ykaPÖ;ru EGm;rwpf&m/

qwårmP0om;armifum;?

odaEmjrif; ]u} &xm;/

Ä ywåjrm; em;a#mif;vdkcsifay?

acR;rav;\ qEav/

tdrfapuRefr-vdkcsifvS

Aef;? qHk? usnfayGU olwifjy/

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a&SUvlrsm;ESihf b,frwl/

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rif;BuD;xHudk ykPÖm;wif/

39

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opöm&SdpGm igYxHyg;?

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jrif h jrwfolwdk Y\vkyfief;jrif h jrwfolwdk Y\vkyfief;

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Transcript of ODD;a& TTatmi f b0c&0,D f a&f G;cs,G ff&r, hfvrh f;f w&awmf · pmrsufESm 14 o kdY ODD;a& TTatmi f...