Octocoral Harvest Live Rock Aquaculture Offshore Coral ... · •All 11 sites are in the Florida...
Transcript of Octocoral Harvest Live Rock Aquaculture Offshore Coral ... · •All 11 sites are in the Florida...
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Octocoral HarvestLive Rock Aquaculture
Offshore Coral Nursery and Restoration Program
By Ken Nedimyer Coral AP Member,
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Octocoral Management Plan Octocoral Management Plan HistoryHistory
1990 Amendment 1 to the 1982 FMP for Corals and Coral Reefs allowed the annual harvest of 50,000 colonies from Federal waters of the South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico1994 amendment 2 defined allowable substrate on the octocoral holdfast and prohibited the harvest of non-erect species of octocoral1995 amendment 3 prohibited the harvest of Octocorals north of Canaveral in the South Atlantic EEZ
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2007 2007 Raw Raw FWRI FWRI DataData
((Atlantic)Atlantic)
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20072007-- 2008 2008 Raw Raw FWRI FWRI Data, Data, (Gulf)(Gulf)
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NMFS NMFS Reported Reported
20082008 LandingsLandings
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2007 and 2008 Octocoral 2007 and 2008 Octocoral Landing SummaryLanding Summary
South AtlanticEEZ
Gulf of MexicoEEZ
Total Federal
State Waters
Total Harvest
2007 10,763 234 10,997 33,101 44,098
2008(Thru Dec)
8,155 3,072 11,227 26,477 37,704
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Octocoral Fishery Octocoral Fishery CharacteristicsCharacteristics
All products are landed LiveDemand dictates harvest levelsHarvest is done underwater by hand Specimens are selected by size, shape, health, colorAverage specimen is 2-5 years oldHarvest levels are a tiny fraction of standing stockLimited entry fishery, less than 150 ML holdersThere are many areas already closed to harvest in State and Federal waters
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Future Management OptionsFuture Management Options
No Change In Management PlanImprove Reporting SystemPruning Vs Whole Colony HarvestMaximum Upper Size LimitsAquaculture Lease Options
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What is Live Rock?What is Live Rock?“Living Marine organisms or an assemblage thereof attached to a hard substrate (including dead coral or rock). For example, such marine organisms associated with hard bottoms, banks, reefs, and liverock may include, but are not limited to: Sea Anemones, Sponges, Tube Worms, Bryozoans, Sea Squirts, Marine Algae.” Amendment 2 to the Coral FMP
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Wild Harvest to Aquaculture Wild Harvest to Aquaculture
April 1990 State marine life reporting system implemented
State Closure in 1989, Fishery moved to Federal Waters
June 1990 SAFMC begins discussions on liverock, defers action to the State of Florida.
June 1992 Florida Governor and Cabinet approve The FMFC rule to phase out the harvest of live rock in EEZ over a 3 year periodMarch 1993, US District Court Judge issued a preliminary injunction to prevent enforcement of the state’s quota system
April 1993 SAFMC adds liverock to the Coral FMP and begins development of a FMP for live rock
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Amendment 2 to Coral FMPAmendment 2 to Coral FMP July 1994July 1994
•Defined Live Rock
•Defined Allowable Octocoral Harvest to exclude non erect, encrusting octocorals
•Prohibited liverock harvest north of Dade County Florida
•Established a 485,000 annual harvest for two years
•Closed all harvest in the South Atlantic after 1996
•Prohibited Chipping of live rock in the South Atlantic
•Allowed for the harvest of aquacultured liverock by permit only
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Amendment 3 to the Coral Amendment 3 to the Coral FMPFMP July 1995July 1995
Established a permit system for liverock aquaculture in the South Atlantic EEZ
Prohibited the harvest of Octocorals north of Cape Canaveral
Prohibited Anchoring in the Oculina Bank off Ft Pierce FL.
Administration of the permitting system was transferred to NOAA Fisheries, SE Region, and applications were not accepted until March 1996.
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Permits as of 2007Permits as of 2007
•11 active permits in the South Atlantic issued to 11 different entities
•All 11 sites are in the Florida Keys
•There are 6 inactive permits in the Keys issued to 6 different entities
•There are 15 active permits in the Gulf of Mexico issued to 7 different entities
•There are 9 inactive permits in the GOM issued to 2 different entities
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South Atlantic LandingsSouth Atlantic Landings
Year Pounds landed
2002 733,732
2003 982,592
2004 1,033,726
2005 373,711
2006 13,058
Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan,& Jean
Hurricanes Dennis, Katrina, Rita, &
Wilma
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Progression of Live Rock GrowthProgression of Live Rock Growth
6 Months One Year
18 Months 2 Years
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Live Rock Farms act as Fish Live Rock Farms act as Fish NurseriesNurseries
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Corals on the Live RockCorals on the Live Rock
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Coral Nursery and Reef Coral Nursery and Reef Restoration UpdateRestoration Update
Ken NedimyerKen Nedimyer
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Staghorn Coral on a live rock Staghorn Coral on a live rock in 2000in 2000
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Cutting Small Pieces of Coral Cutting Small Pieces of Coral In 2000In 2000
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Mounting the corals (2000)Mounting the corals (2000)
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Freshly mounted FragsFreshly mounted Frags
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One Year old coral (2001)One Year old coral (2001)
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Mounting corals at the Reef Mounting corals at the Reef (2003)(2003)
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October 2003October 2003
July 2007
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August 2007August 2007
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Early Research projects with Early Research projects with TNCTNC
To look for genotypes of staghorn coral that may be more resistant to disease or bleaching.
To look for habitat types that might provide a more favorable environment for growth, disease resistance, and bleaching resistance among a variety of different genotypes.
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Early ResultsEarly Results Growth Rate DifferencesGrowth Rate Differences
January 2006 June 2006
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Growth Rate DifferencesGrowth Rate Differences
January 2006 June 2006
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Growth Rate DifferencesGrowth Rate Differences
January 2006 June 2006
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Early ResultsEarly Results Survival Rate DifferencesSurvival Rate Differences
From 100% on 3 genotypes to 0% on one genotype.
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Summary of Outplanting Summary of Outplanting ResultsResults
Some genotypes grew faster than others in all zonesGrowth rates varied from zone to zoneInshore zone experienced bleaching, but only in some genotypesDisease incidence varied greatly from zone to zoneMore work needs to be done
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By spring of 2007 we had over 1000 coralsBy spring of 2007 we had over 1000 corals By spring of 2008 we had over 2000 coralsBy spring of 2008 we had over 2000 corals
By spring of 2009 we will have over 4500 coralsBy spring of 2009 we will have over 4500 corals
“What are we going to do with them?”“What are we going to do with them?”
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What to Do with All the CoralsWhat to Do with All the Corals
Research projects:o 2005 TNC Reef Resiliency Worko 2008 Aquarius Reef Base Missiono Ongoing Growth and Survival Comparison Study with
The Florida AquariumRestoration Projectso One Project in 2007o 6 projects in 2008o 10 projects in 2009o ??? Projects in 2010 and beyond
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Students mounting corals on the reef with underwater epoxy
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Finished Product, July 2007December 2007
July 2008January 2009
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Six Months Growth
July 26, 2007 January 25, 2008
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One Year’s Growth
July 26, 2007 July 12, 2008
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18 months of growth
July 26, 2007 January 9th, 2009
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Future Vision,… Restored Future Vision,… Restored Thickets of Staghorn CoralsThickets of Staghorn Corals
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Future Vision,… Restored Future Vision,… Restored Elkhorn fore reefs Elkhorn fore reefs
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SupportersSupportersSanctuary Friends FoundationIslamorada Charter Boat Association Monroe County Commercial Fishermen's AssnThe Nature ConservancyDisney Wildlife Conservation Fund Volunteer DiversNOAA FisheriesNational Undersea Research Center (NURC)
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PartnersPartners
Fl Keys National Marine SanctuaryFlorida’s FWCCoral Shores High SchoolIsland Christian SchoolFlorida Keys Dive CenterAmoray Dive ResortREEF
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The Coral Restoration The Coral Restoration Foundation, IncFoundation, Inc
www.coralrestoration.orgwww.coralrestoration.org
•Tavernier based Non-Profit, 501c(3)
•Focused on developing practical solutions for restoring coral reefs using corals grown in offshore nurseries.
•Volunteer based
•Citizen Science