Octoberpest 06 mineral nutrient defeciencies
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Transcript of Octoberpest 06 mineral nutrient defeciencies
Mineral Nutrient Deficiencies and Toxicities
Jim Owen, Jr.
North Willamette Research andExtension Center
Key to Nutrient Deficiencies
Base of plant – mobile (N, P, K, Mg)
Whole (mid) plant – partially mobile (S, Mo)
Top of plant – immobile (Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B)Chlorosis (Mn, Fe)
Interveinal chlorosis with tan flecks (Mn)Interveinal chlorosis – yellow - necrosis (Fe)
Necrosis & distortion (Ca, B)
Mobile Nutrient – at base
-N
Immobile Nutrient – at top
Partially Mobile – entire plant
Mobile (at base) – N, P, K, Mg
Chlorosis is main early symptom• Uniform chlorosis
• N or P• Interveinal
chlorosis• Mg
• Rapid necrosis• K
Maple
Nitrogen vs. Phosphorus
Uniform chlorosis then necrosis on older leaves
StuntingEarly floweringLeaf abscission
Chlorosis then necrosis – old leaves
Severe stuntingDeep green foliagePossible purplingRoots longer & fewer
N P
Uniform Chlorosis – lower leaves
N Deficiency Symptoms
Uniform chlorosis of older leaves. Necrosis of older leaves. Abscission of older leaves if possible. Red pigment - old leaves - some
species Earlier flowering with marginal N
deficiency (later flowering if severe).
Nitrogen deficiency uniform chlorosis of lower leaves
-N
Azalea
Nitrogen deficiency stunting
0 5 10 20 40 60
grams of N applied in poly-coated urea
Maple
Uniform Chlorosis Followed by Necrosis
Nitrogen Deficiency
Tobacco here #2
N DeficiencyEarly Flowering, Severe Stunting
Nitrogen Deficiency
Red Pigmentationon Older Leaves
Blueberry
Marigold
Phosphorus Deficiency
Deeper green foliage.Heavy stunting (compact form).Purple (or red) pigmentation in several
species.Fewer & longer roots, more root mass
at first, less when deficiency intense.Lower leaf chlorosis necrosis
P Deficiency: deep green
ChamaecyparisImpatiens
Phosphate vs.Compactness
P2O5 as a % of N in post-plant fertilizer
P2O5 = 50% of N 15% 7.5% 0%
(e.g. 20-10-20) (13-2-13)
Phosphate vs.Compactness
-P +P
Thuja
Phosphorus Deficiency
longerbut fewer roots
lower leaf chlorosis
Phosphorus Deficiency
lower leaf necrosis
Phosphorus Deficiency
Nitrogen Toxicity
WiltingLeaf desiccation Root tip burnReduced uptake of
K, Ca, Mg
Ammonium Toxicity
•Leaf desiccation•Bud necrosis•Root burn•Plant death
Increasing Urea Rate (0 to 60 g)
Ammonium Toxicity
Older plant – pot mum
lower leaf chlorosis & necrosis root tip death
Ammonium Toxicity
Magnesium - Mobile (symptoms originate at the base)
• Interveinal chlorosis on older leaves
• Necrosis of older leaves
• Possible red on older leaves
Magnesium - Mobile chlorosis
(Maple)
(Viburnum)(Chamaecyparis )
Mg DeficiencyInterveinal Chlorosis
Older Leaves
Dogwood
Chrysanthemum
Necrosis
grape leaves
Magnesium - Mobile
Red Older Foliage
Blueberry
Magnesium - Mobile
Potassium – Mobile (symptom originates on old leaves)
• Chlorosis might occur briefly at tip and margin of old leaves.
• Rapid necrosis of margins or spotting across old leaf blades.
• Seedlings are often compact and deeper green prior to above symptoms.
Potassium – Mobile Necrosis
(Ginko) (Viburnum)
(Maple)
Necrotic Spotting
poinsettia pepper
K Deficiency
Sulfur - Partially Mobile (symptoms originate throughout entire plant)
• Uniform chlorosis on entire plant
Sulfur - Partially Mobile (symptoms originate throughout entire plant)
• Necrosis
Chlorosis and Necrosis of Young Leaves
Chlorosis of Stem and Leaves,
Flowers Faded and Necrotic
nemesia
Sulfur - Partially Mobile (symptoms originate throughout entire plant)
• Chlorosis • Fe or Mn
• Necrosis and Distortion• Ca or B
• Young and Recently Mature Leaves Affected
• Cu or Zn
Immobile Nutrient – at top
Immobile Nutrient – at top
Chlorosis Interveinal, uniform, or marginal on young leaves
MnFe
• Chlorosis• Chlorosis clears to yellow to white
• Necrosis
• Chlorosis• Tan Flecking
Immobile Nutrient – Fe vs Mn
(Rose)
Immobile Nutrient – Fe vs Mn
Maple
Immobile Nutrient – Fe vs Mn
tobacco
tan flecking
Immobile Nutrient – Ca vs B
Necrosis and Distortion
Ca B• Distortion, necrosis, chlorosis• Incomplete flower formation• Roots short, densely
branched, & thick
• Distortion, necrosis,(chlorosis)• Incomplete flower formation• Roots short, densely branched, & thick
---------• Short internodes – rosetting• Thick leaves, corking• Abortion, branching
Immobile Nutrient – Calcium
Viburnum Azalea
Ca caused chlorosis
Immobile Nutrient – Calcium
Ca caused meristem distortion and necrosis
Immobile Nutrient – Boron
B caused meristem distortion
Immobile Nutrient – Boron
B induced Crinkling of
young leaves due to patches
of cells not developing in the leaf blade.
Immobile Nutrient – Boron
Roots shorter, fewer, thicker,
and highly branched.
Nickel – Mouse ear
Birch
Immobile Nutrient – Cu vs Zn
Young and Recently Mature Leaves Affected
Cu• Leaves roll and curl• Variable chlorosis • Rapid necrosis of young
fully expanded leaves --------
• Smaller lighter colored flowers or none
Zn• Leaves may roll• Variable chlorosis• Rapid necrosis of young
fully expanded leaves --------
• Small leaves & short internodes
Immobile Nutrient – Copper
Sudden death of young leaves.
Azalea
Immobile Nutrient – Zinc
Interveinal necrosis
Beet
Immobile Nutrient – Zinc
Beet
Young Leaf Chlorosis
Recently Mature Leaf Necrosis
Additional Toxicities
Salt / Sodium Toxicitynecrosis
Grape
Salt / Chloride Toxicitydefoliation
Grape
Fluoride Toxicitynecrosis
Grape
Thanks…
Theo Aendekerk Paul NelsonJim GreenHarrell’s Fertilizer, Inc.
North Willamette Research andExtension Center
http://oregonstate.edu/dept/NWREC/