October 23, 2012

8
8 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 1

description

Section Z of the October 23, 2012 edition of the Surrey North Delta Leader

Transcript of October 23, 2012

Page 1: October 23, 2012

8 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 1

Page 2: October 23, 2012

2 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 7

Page 3: October 23, 2012

6 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 3

www.surrey.ca/naturecentre

FAMILY HALLOWEEN EVENT

Hallowe’en in the ForestSaturday, October 27

Rain or ShineConsider carpooling,walking or taking transit.

For more [email protected]

Don’t forgetyour

camera!

$5 per child

Foodconcession

available

JOIN US FOR HALLOWE’ENFUN IN THE FOREST AT THESURREY NATURE CENTRE!

10am - 2pmSurrey Nature Centre(14255 96 Ave)

Pick a pumpkin from our patch andcarve a Jack-O-Lantern

See a show featuring the forest fairy and some costumed forestcreatures

Help build a giant owl’s nest inour pole forest

Sip some spooky Hallowe’en teas

Create a Hallowe’en mask

Enter our kids’ costume contest at noon

DROP IN

Halloween for HungerStudentS ‘trick-or-treating’ for the Surrey food BankClayton Heights Secondary School Students will once again be canvassing the Clayton area for donations of non-perishable food items on Halloween night.

The school’s Project Equal – which is a student-led fundraising project – was created to provide aid to communities in developing nations as well as helping people in Surrey.

This year, about 80 students will be out in the Clayton neighborhood between 3 p.m. and

6 p.m. on Oct. 31, going door-to-door asking for non-perishable food items that will then be given to the Surrey Food Bank.

Last year, the group’s donations were the start of the Christmas food drive. Clayton Heights Secondary collected more than 3,000 food itemsin 2011 and are hoping to double that amount this year.

SWEET DEAL!

DARRYL YOUNG604.782.8687 darrylyoung.com

17338 104 AVE.

604.590.2444

NEW HOUSEin Fraser Heights

4400S sq.ft. finished area.Legal suite, 2 bedroom suite plus more. Deluxe kitchen and spice kitchen. 7 bedrooms & 6 bathrooms, appliances and more.

$735,000 including net HST rebate to seller.

...continued from Wrap Page 5

They only measure five to seven inches across, but they really produce lots of little, five to eight pound fruits in eight weeks. They make great pies too.

Pumpkin seeds, which are very high in vitamins, are a delicacy in the Middle East. With the development of two new varieties, Tricky Jack and Lady Godiva,

there are now hull-less seeds, which can be eaten like peanuts when lightly roasted. From Japan comes a new edible seed variety called Kakai. It’s awesome, and its fresh seeds are sweet and nut-like.

We all know about those scrumptious pumpkin pies. Another delicious pumpkin dish is made by baking or steaming pumpkin meat, then seasoning it with butter, salt, pepper and molasses.

Pumpkin bread and pumpkin cookies stuffed with raisins are popular favourites. In the Caribbean Islands, one of the staple foods is pumpkin soup.

The Land Pavilion in Epcot Centre at Disneyworld, Florida, is experimenting with pumpkins as a food source for space expeditions. Trained upward along ropes, the vines grow about 30 feet high and are loaded with perfect 10- to-15 pound

pumpkins.It is nice to think that the jack-o’-lantern

we carve on Halloween to keep the evil spirits away has a great history and an even brighter future. Let’s hear it for pumpkins!

Brian Minter is a master gardener who operates Minter Gardens in Chilliwack.

Ladies Only

Rue’s

45 Min Body Massage +30 Min Foot Reflexology Only $5545 Min Reiki (Japanese Natural Healing) +30 Min Body Massage Only $50

BEAUTY & HEALTH15766 99 A Ave., Surrey (604) 306-4226

ByAPPOInTMEnT

Only

LENS R USeyecare

Call now to book your full Eye examNO CHARGE for children, seniors & diabetics exams

604-501-1533510 7488 King George Blvd. Surrey, BC V3W 0H9

HEALTH & PERSONAL CARE

604-593-5377 | www.bcdiesel.ca

www.pinnacle-csl.com16065 Fraser hwy • 604.594.4466

CAR SALES & LEASING

AUTO

HEALTH & PERSONAL CARE

604.597.8925 www.realsmart.ca

Real EstateCourse

5 W

eeks · Real Estate Course

· Mortgage Broker· Rental Property Mgmt.

ClassroomOnlinePrivate

Of� ce: 604.594.6622

4 DELTA LOCATIONS:HEATH ELEMENTARY: 11364-72nd Ave. | 604.594.6822JARVIS ELEMENTARY: 7670-118th St. | 604.597.0181McCLOSKEY ELEMENTARY: 11531-80th Ave. | 604.597.5677DAYCARE: 9115-116th St. | 604.594.6622

Animal CrackersCHILDREN’S CENTRE

Preschool, B&A School Careand Daycare

HOUSING

Your Locksmith in Surrey, BC for Over 35 Years!

Call now 604 584 151110596 King George Blvd.

24 Hour Emergency Mobile Service!

SANDY JHAND

PREC Premier Realty www.jhand.ca604-715-6000

AS SOON as you list with me you get a

$1,000 GIFT CARD

PROFFESIONAL SERVICES

MEMBERA+Rating

CARAVAN CARPETAND UPHOLSTERY CLEANING

778.885.9695 • 604.346.5156

CARAVAN CARPETCARAVAN CARPETCARAVAN CARPET

Environmentally Friendly CleanerCALL FOR DETAILS ON OUR

FALL SPECIALS

FREE MARKET EVALUATION

604.339.5132 • 604.585.3555www.jaysidhu.ca [email protected]

HONESTY RELIABILITY INTEGRITY

$1,000Vantage RealtyTOWARDS LEGAL FEES OR CASH

JAY SIDHU#113, 8940 - 152nd Street, Surrey

604.588.5227

Well trained computers @ a great price

HOUSING

RESTAURANTS/FOOD

from our family to your family since 1974

5765-176 St.Surrey604-576-6011

GUARANTEED BEST PRICE ON

CLOVERDALE HOME FURNISHINGSwww.masonsfurniture.com

FREECUTWITH COLOURAPPLICATION

HAIRCUTS $12 MENS’

$17WOMENS’

$40PER HOUR MASSAGE (LADIES ONLY)

HAIR AND SPA

Unit B - 15340 A Fraser Hwy., Surrey • 604.957.1820BY APPOINTMENT ONLY

FACIALS $2995

12014 - 72nd Ave, Surrey • [email protected]

REPaiRs & custom sPEcialists15 - 12484 82nd Ave. Surrey, BC v3W 3e9604-502-8555 • www.preventcrime.ca.

Be part of the solution,

Volunteer today!

#104 - 9278, 120TH ST., SURREY • 604.582.0076ASK FOR CLEARANCE SALE IN STORE

YOUR SEAFOOD STORE!

LEADER BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUY LOCAL:THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING LOCAL BUSINESSES

MISCELLANEOUS

PLEASE CONTACT US TO ADVERTISE IN THE

T: 604.575.2744 • F: 604.575.2544 • [email protected]

LEADER BUSINESS DIRECTORY

Page 4: October 23, 2012

Pumpkins are often a child’s first introduction to horticulture, and from their early history in the Americas to their future in space gardening research, they deserve a little more credit than just being a jack-o’-lantern.

All pumpkins are indigenous to America and were grown along with corn

by native Americans, making them one of the first companion crops. Members of the cucurbitaceae family, their close relatives are watermelon, gourds, squash and cantaloupe.

Recently a flurry of new pumpkin varieties has been developed. A bush-type variety, called Spirit, which has vines that only spread about three feet, delights pumpkin growers with limited space. It is prolific, much like a zucchini, and harvesting a dozen or more 10- to 15-pound fruits is not uncommon.

For more adventurous growers, there are various strains of the Atlantic Giant available. They are bred for size. The winning entries in the World Pumpkin Confederation Weigh Off now exceed 1,200 pounds. You would need a chainsaw to carve these monsters and a shovel and wheelbarrow to clean them out.

They also look ugly.A much nicer giant is Prizewinner, which

averages 90 to 100 pounds and actually looks like a pumpkin.

On the sweeter side, smaller is better. Sugar or pie pumpkins are the traditional varieties for pies. Grown from seed stock imported from China, Stokes Seeds Canada has introduced a series of small varieties like Sweetie Pie. Considered a delicacy in China, these miniature pumpkins fit nicely in the palm of your hand. They average only five ounces in weight, measure about three inches across and about one-inch deep – real giants. They are very attractive because of their deep ribbing and can be dried like gourds for neat table decorations. A white and orange striped variety, called Pumkemon, and a white one, called Baby Boo, cook up nicely too.

White pumpkins are all the rage this year, and varieties like Lumina are all over websites like Pinterest as the latest and greatest. Flat ribbed varieties, like Cinderella, are hot too and very unique and different.

Little Lantern, School Time and Orange Smoothie will be of interest to young pumpkin growers.

4 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 5

April 13, 2013 at Richmond Olympic Oval

Bust a Move is more than a day-long fitness fundraising extravaganza. It’s a celebration and an opportunity to

support the BC Cancer Foundation and life-saving breast cancer research taking place at the BC Cancer Agency

Join the Movement – Register Today!www.bustamove.ca

BROADWAY’S SINGULAR SENSATION!

October 30, 2012ABBOTSFORDCENTRE.CATICKETS ON SALE NOW

NAME ___________________________________________

PHONE __________________________________________

EMAIL ___________________________________________

www.AChorusLine.comPho

to: P

hil M

artin

Win Tickets!

CONTEST RULES Deposit your entry at Surrey Leader, #200-5450 152nd St., Surrey, V3S 8E7. The winner will be drawn from the entries received. The draw will be held on Friday, Oct. 26 at 5:00 pm. Black Press employees are not eligible. Participants must be at least 18 years of age. Judge’s decision fi nal.

Pumpkins: more thanjust jack-o’-lanterns

...continued on Wrap Page 6

www.fabriclandwest.com

SurreYriverside heights

14887 - 108 avenue

604-930-9750

Store HoursMon. - Wed. & Sat. 9:30 - 5:30

Thur. & Fri. 9:30 - 9

Sun. 11 - 5

FRASER HWY.

10

WILLOWBROOK SHOPPING

CENTRE 200

ST.

1A

Fabricland

Ori

ole

Dr.

Ori

ole

Dr.

150

St.

Fabricland

108 Ave.Xwww.surrey.ca/rethinkwaste

12918

Rethink Waste ColleCtion notiCe

1.5 m 1 m(5 ft) (3 ft)

3 m(10 ft)

1.5 m 1 m

3 m

1.5 m 1 m(5 ft) (3 ft)

3 m(10 ft)

1.5 m 1 m

3 m

1.5 m 1 m(5 ft) (3 ft)

3 m(10 ft)

1.5 m 1 m

3 m

Space it.

Point it.Place your cart so the arrow on the lid points towards the centre of the lane or street (the handle will be facing your property).

Ensure that there is at least 1m (3ft) of space on all sides and 3m (10ft) of clearance above. Do not park vehicles within 1.5m (5ft) of carts.

After your car has been emptied, remember to remove it from the street, lane or sidewalk and take it back to your property.

Bring It Back In!

Please place your waste carts at the curbside no later than 7:30 a.m. on your collection day, but no earlier than one day prior.

Waste service vehicles will not return to a household that has their carts placed out late.

THANK YOU SURREY RESIDENTSThanks for your support during the first few weeks of Surrey’s new Rethink Waste collection program. We are pleased with the positive feedback we’re receiving from residents regarding our new services. While we strive for excellence, we acknowledge that there are transitional challenges to overcome. We are working hard to ensure a satisfying experience for all our customers. We appreciate your understanding. Together, we look forward to making the City of Surrey a North American leader in municipal waste diversion.

hoW to set oUt YoUR CaRts on ColleCtion DaY

Set it out by 7:30 a.m.

Threatened? Harassed? It’s to

talk to someone. CALL FOR HELP. ANYTIME. 24/7.

604-583-1295smartalk.ca

Page 5: October 23, 2012

Pumpkins are often a child’s first introduction to horticulture, and from their early history in the Americas to their future in space gardening research, they deserve a little more credit than just being a jack-o’-lantern.

All pumpkins are indigenous to America and were grown along with corn

by native Americans, making them one of the first companion crops. Members of the cucurbitaceae family, their close relatives are watermelon, gourds, squash and cantaloupe.

Recently a flurry of new pumpkin varieties has been developed. A bush-type variety, called Spirit, which has vines that only spread about three feet, delights pumpkin growers with limited space. It is prolific, much like a zucchini, and harvesting a dozen or more 10- to 15-pound fruits is not uncommon.

For more adventurous growers, there are various strains of the Atlantic Giant available. They are bred for size. The winning entries in the World Pumpkin Confederation Weigh Off now exceed 1,200 pounds. You would need a chainsaw to carve these monsters and a shovel and wheelbarrow to clean them out.

They also look ugly.A much nicer giant is Prizewinner, which

averages 90 to 100 pounds and actually looks like a pumpkin.

On the sweeter side, smaller is better. Sugar or pie pumpkins are the traditional varieties for pies. Grown from seed stock imported from China, Stokes Seeds Canada has introduced a series of small varieties like Sweetie Pie. Considered a delicacy in China, these miniature pumpkins fit nicely in the palm of your hand. They average only five ounces in weight, measure about three inches across and about one-inch deep – real giants. They are very attractive because of their deep ribbing and can be dried like gourds for neat table decorations. A white and orange striped variety, called Pumkemon, and a white one, called Baby Boo, cook up nicely too.

White pumpkins are all the rage this year, and varieties like Lumina are all over websites like Pinterest as the latest and greatest. Flat ribbed varieties, like Cinderella, are hot too and very unique and different.

Little Lantern, School Time and Orange Smoothie will be of interest to young pumpkin growers.

4 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 5

April 13, 2013 at Richmond Olympic Oval

Bust a Move is more than a day-long fitness fundraising extravaganza. It’s a celebration and an opportunity to

support the BC Cancer Foundation and life-saving breast cancer research taking place at the BC Cancer Agency

Join the Movement – Register Today!www.bustamove.ca

BROADWAY’S SINGULAR SENSATION!

October 30, 2012ABBOTSFORDCENTRE.CATICKETS ON SALE NOW

NAME ___________________________________________

PHONE __________________________________________

EMAIL ___________________________________________

www.AChorusLine.comPho

to: P

hil M

artin

Win Tickets!

CONTEST RULES Deposit your entry at Surrey Leader, #200-5450 152nd St., Surrey, V3S 8E7. The winner will be drawn from the entries received. The draw will be held on Friday, Oct. 26 at 5:00 pm. Black Press employees are not eligible. Participants must be at least 18 years of age. Judge’s decision fi nal.

Pumpkins: more thanjust jack-o’-lanterns

...continued on Wrap Page 6

www.fabriclandwest.com

SurreYriverside heights

14887 - 108 avenue

604-930-9750

Store HoursMon. - Wed. & Sat. 9:30 - 5:30

Thur. & Fri. 9:30 - 9

Sun. 11 - 5

FRASER HWY.

10

WILLOWBROOK SHOPPING

CENTRE 200

ST.

1A

Fabricland

Ori

ole

Dr.

Ori

ole

Dr.

150

St.

Fabricland

108 Ave.Xwww.surrey.ca/rethinkwaste

12918

Rethink Waste ColleCtion notiCe

1.5 m 1 m(5 ft) (3 ft)

3 m(10 ft)

1.5 m 1 m

3 m

1.5 m 1 m(5 ft) (3 ft)

3 m(10 ft)

1.5 m 1 m

3 m

1.5 m 1 m(5 ft) (3 ft)

3 m(10 ft)

1.5 m 1 m

3 m

Space it.

Point it.Place your cart so the arrow on the lid points towards the centre of the lane or street (the handle will be facing your property).

Ensure that there is at least 1m (3ft) of space on all sides and 3m (10ft) of clearance above. Do not park vehicles within 1.5m (5ft) of carts.

After your car has been emptied, remember to remove it from the street, lane or sidewalk and take it back to your property.

Bring It Back In!

Please place your waste carts at the curbside no later than 7:30 a.m. on your collection day, but no earlier than one day prior.

Waste service vehicles will not return to a household that has their carts placed out late.

THANK YOU SURREY RESIDENTSThanks for your support during the first few weeks of Surrey’s new Rethink Waste collection program. We are pleased with the positive feedback we’re receiving from residents regarding our new services. While we strive for excellence, we acknowledge that there are transitional challenges to overcome. We are working hard to ensure a satisfying experience for all our customers. We appreciate your understanding. Together, we look forward to making the City of Surrey a North American leader in municipal waste diversion.

hoW to set oUt YoUR CaRts on ColleCtion DaY

Set it out by 7:30 a.m.

Threatened? Harassed? It’s to

talk to someone. CALL FOR HELP. ANYTIME. 24/7.

604-583-1295smartalk.ca

Page 6: October 23, 2012

6 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 3

www.surrey.ca/naturecentre

FAMILY HALLOWEEN EVENT

Hallowe’en in the ForestSaturday, October 27

Rain or ShineConsider carpooling,walking or taking transit.

For more [email protected]

Don’t forgetyour

camera!

$5 per child

Foodconcession

available

JOIN US FOR HALLOWE’ENFUN IN THE FOREST AT THESURREY NATURE CENTRE!

10am - 2pmSurrey Nature Centre(14255 96 Ave)

Pick a pumpkin from our patch andcarve a Jack-O-Lantern

See a show featuring the forest fairy and some costumed forestcreatures

Help build a giant owl’s nest inour pole forest

Sip some spooky Hallowe’en teas

Create a Hallowe’en mask

Enter our kids’ costume contest at noon

DROP IN

Halloween for HungerStudentS ‘trick-or-treating’ for the Surrey food BankClayton Heights Secondary School Students will once again be canvassing the Clayton area for donations of non-perishable food items on Halloween night.

The school’s Project Equal – which is a student-led fundraising project – was created to provide aid to communities in developing nations as well as helping people in Surrey.

This year, about 80 students will be out in the Clayton neighborhood between 3 p.m. and

6 p.m. on Oct. 31, going door-to-door asking for non-perishable food items that will then be given to the Surrey Food Bank.

Last year, the group’s donations were the start of the Christmas food drive. Clayton Heights Secondary collected more than 3,000 food itemsin 2011 and are hoping to double that amount this year.

SWEET DEAL!

DARRYL YOUNG604.782.8687 darrylyoung.com

17338 104 AVE.

604.590.2444

NEW HOUSEin Fraser Heights

4400S sq.ft. finished area.Legal suite, 2 bedroom suite plus more. Deluxe kitchen and spice kitchen. 7 bedrooms & 6 bathrooms, appliances and more.

$735,000 including net HST rebate to seller.

...continued from Wrap Page 5

They only measure five to seven inches across, but they really produce lots of little, five to eight pound fruits in eight weeks. They make great pies too.

Pumpkin seeds, which are very high in vitamins, are a delicacy in the Middle East. With the development of two new varieties, Tricky Jack and Lady Godiva,

there are now hull-less seeds, which can be eaten like peanuts when lightly roasted. From Japan comes a new edible seed variety called Kakai. It’s awesome, and its fresh seeds are sweet and nut-like.

We all know about those scrumptious pumpkin pies. Another delicious pumpkin dish is made by baking or steaming pumpkin meat, then seasoning it with butter, salt, pepper and molasses.

Pumpkin bread and pumpkin cookies stuffed with raisins are popular favourites. In the Caribbean Islands, one of the staple foods is pumpkin soup.

The Land Pavilion in Epcot Centre at Disneyworld, Florida, is experimenting with pumpkins as a food source for space expeditions. Trained upward along ropes, the vines grow about 30 feet high and are loaded with perfect 10- to-15 pound

pumpkins.It is nice to think that the jack-o’-lantern

we carve on Halloween to keep the evil spirits away has a great history and an even brighter future. Let’s hear it for pumpkins!

Brian Minter is a master gardener who operates Minter Gardens in Chilliwack.

Ladies Only

Rue’s

45 Min Body Massage +30 Min Foot Reflexology Only $5545 Min Reiki (Japanese Natural Healing) +30 Min Body Massage Only $50

BEAUTY & HEALTH15766 99 A Ave., Surrey (604) 306-4226

ByAPPOInTMEnT

Only

LENS R USeyecare

Call now to book your full Eye examNO CHARGE for children, seniors & diabetics exams

604-501-1533510 7488 King George Blvd. Surrey, BC V3W 0H9

HEALTH & PERSONAL CARE

604-593-5377 | www.bcdiesel.ca

www.pinnacle-csl.com16065 Fraser hwy • 604.594.4466

CAR SALES & LEASING

AUTO

HEALTH & PERSONAL CARE

604.597.8925 www.realsmart.ca

Real EstateCourse

5 W

eeks · Real Estate Course

· Mortgage Broker· Rental Property Mgmt.

ClassroomOnlinePrivate

Of� ce: 604.594.6622

4 DELTA LOCATIONS:HEATH ELEMENTARY: 11364-72nd Ave. | 604.594.6822JARVIS ELEMENTARY: 7670-118th St. | 604.597.0181McCLOSKEY ELEMENTARY: 11531-80th Ave. | 604.597.5677DAYCARE: 9115-116th St. | 604.594.6622

Animal CrackersCHILDREN’S CENTRE

Preschool, B&A School Careand Daycare

HOUSING

Your Locksmith in Surrey, BC for Over 35 Years!

Call now 604 584 151110596 King George Blvd.

24 Hour Emergency Mobile Service!

SANDY JHAND

PREC Premier Realty www.jhand.ca604-715-6000

AS SOON as you list with me you get a

$1,000 GIFT CARD

PROFFESIONAL SERVICES

MEMBERA+Rating

CARAVAN CARPETAND UPHOLSTERY CLEANING

778.885.9695 • 604.346.5156

CARAVAN CARPETCARAVAN CARPETCARAVAN CARPET

Environmentally Friendly CleanerCALL FOR DETAILS ON OUR

FALL SPECIALS

FREE MARKET EVALUATION

604.339.5132 • 604.585.3555www.jaysidhu.ca [email protected]

HONESTY RELIABILITY INTEGRITY

$1,000Vantage RealtyTOWARDS LEGAL FEES OR CASH

JAY SIDHU#113, 8940 - 152nd Street, Surrey

604.588.5227

Well trained computers @ a great price

HOUSING

RESTAURANTS/FOOD

from our family to your family since 1974

5765-176 St.Surrey604-576-6011

GUARANTEED BEST PRICE ON

CLOVERDALE HOME FURNISHINGSwww.masonsfurniture.com

FREECUTWITH COLOURAPPLICATION

HAIRCUTS $12 MENS’

$17WOMENS’

$40PER HOUR MASSAGE (LADIES ONLY)

HAIR AND SPA

Unit B - 15340 A Fraser Hwy., Surrey • 604.957.1820BY APPOINTMENT ONLY

FACIALS $2995

12014 - 72nd Ave, Surrey • [email protected]

REPaiRs & custom sPEcialists15 - 12484 82nd Ave. Surrey, BC v3W 3e9604-502-8555 • www.preventcrime.ca.

Be part of the solution,

Volunteer today!

#104 - 9278, 120TH ST., SURREY • 604.582.0076ASK FOR CLEARANCE SALE IN STORE

YOUR SEAFOOD STORE!

LEADER BUSINESS DIRECTORY BUY LOCAL:THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING LOCAL BUSINESSES

MISCELLANEOUS

PLEASE CONTACT US TO ADVERTISE IN THE

T: 604.575.2744 • F: 604.575.2544 • [email protected]

LEADER BUSINESS DIRECTORY

Page 7: October 23, 2012

2 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 7

Page 8: October 23, 2012

8 Surrey/North Delta Leader Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Tuesday, October 23, 2012 Surrey/North Delta Leader 1