O'Connor Caselaw

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District Court of Appeal of Florida,Fifth District.

Albert K. MORRELL, Sr., Millicent Morrell, et al,

Appellants,

v.

WAYNE FRIER MANUFACTURED HOME

CENTER, etc., et al, Appellees.

No. 5D02-105.

Jan. 17, 2003.

After purchasers of a mobile home brought ac-

tion against mobile home sales company regardinghome purchase, the company asserted its right to ar-

bitrate. The Judicial Circuit Court, Citrus County,

Patricia Thomas, J., ordered matter to arbitration.

Purchasers appealed. The District Court of Appeal,

Thompson, C.J., held that company, which waited

until the eve of trial to assert its contractual right to

arbitrate purchasers' claim against it, waived such

right.

Reversed.

West Headnotes

[1] Alternative Dispute Resolution 25T

182(2)

25T Alternative Dispute Resolution

25TII Arbitration

25TII(D) Performance, Breach, Enforcement,

and Contest

25Tk177 Right to Enforcement and De-

fenses in General

25Tk182 Waiver or Estoppel

25Tk182(2) k. Suing or Participat-ing in Suit. Most Cited Cases

(Formerly 33k23.3(2) Arbitration)

Mobile home sales company waived its con-

tractual right to arbitrate home purchasers' com-

plaint against it, where company filed an answer, an

affirmative defense, and a motion to dismiss which

addressed merits of purchasers' case and which did

not assert right to arbitrate, company allowed litiga-

tion to reach point at which a case management

conference was held, and at which case was set for

mediation and trial, company and purchasers en-

gaged in discovery and submitted their witness

lists, and company did not assert right to arbitrate

until eve of trial, nearly a year after complaint was

served on it; fact that purchasers filed an amended

complaint does nothing to revive company's right to

arbitration.


182(1)


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General


25Tk182(1) k. In General. Most

Cited Cases


A contractual right to arbitrate a dispute maybe waived.

[3] Alternative Dispute Resolution 25T 178


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General

25Tk178 k. In General. Most Cited

Cases(Formerly 33k23 Arbitration)

In ruling on a motion to compel arbitration, a

court must determine whether: (1) a valid written

agreement containing an arbitration clause exists;

(2) an arbitrable issue exists; and (3) the right to ar-

bitration has been waived.

Page 1

834 So.2d 395, 28 Fla. L. Weekly D256

(Cite as: 834 So.2d 395)

2011 Thomson Reuters. No Claim to Orig. US Gov. Works.
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182(1)


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General



Cited Cases

(Formerly 33k23 Arbitration)

A party who opposes arbitration, on basis that

other party waived right, need not demonstrate ac-

tual prejudice unless waiver is premised on delay inasserting the right.


182(1)


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General

25Tk182 Waiver or Estoppel25Tk182(1) k. In General. Most

Cited Cases


Alternative Dispute Resolution 25T 182(2)


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General


25Tk182(2) k. Suing or Participat-

ing in Suit. Most Cited Cases


A party waives its right to arbitrate by: (1) act-

ively participating in the lawsuit; or (2) taking ac-

tion which is inconsistent with the right to arbitrate.

*396 Kevin K. Dixon of Brannen, Stillwell & Per-

rin, P.A., Inverness, for Appellants.

Frank C. Amatea, Ocala, for Appellees.

THOMPSON, C.J.

Millicent and Albert K. Morrell, Sr., appeal an

order granting the motion of defendants Wayne Fri-

er Manufactured Home Center of Homosassa

Springs, Inc., and Wayne Frier Mobile Home Sales,

Inc. (Frier), to require arbitration of the Morrells'

complaint against Frier. We reverse.

The Morrells, along with Joseph and KathleenStafford (collectively plaintiffs) sued Frier under

The Motor Vehicle Retail Sales Finance Act,

Chapter 520, Florida Statutes. They alleged that the

Staffords had wanted to purchase a mobile home

from Frier to place on their land. The Morrells, who

were Kathleen Stafford's parents, agreed to co-sign

the credit application, and signed the documents

given to them by Frier. After the home was placed

on the Staffords' land, the plaintiffs discovered that

the Morrells were not co-signors, but were the own-

ers of the mobile home and the sole obligors on the

note. They alleged that Frier had altered the creditapplication submitted by the Morrells, resulting in

an overstatement of their income by $2000. Further,

the plaintiffs discovered that instead of the model

contracted for, a five bedroom home with a fire-

place, Frier delivered a four bedroom model

without a fireplace.

The complaint was served on 3 October 2000.

Frier answered the complaint in October 2000, and

asserted as an affirmative defense that the Staffords

were not signatories to the contract, an apparent

contention that the Staffords did not have standing

to sue under chapter 520. Frier also filed a motion

to dismiss the complaint as to the Staffords, on the

ground that the Staffords were not signatories to the

contract and therefore had no cause of action under

chapter 520. On 4 June 2001, the plaintiffs filed no-

Page 2

834 So.2d 395, 28 Fla. L. Weekly D256

(Cite as: 834 So.2d 395)

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tice that the action was ready for trial. A status con-

ference was held on 1 August 2000, and the attor-

neys for all parties attended. On 2 August 2000, the

court issued an Order Setting Case for Mediation

Conference, Discovery Cut Off Date, Pretrial Con-

ference and Trial. Among other things, this order

set a pre-trial conference for 28 November 2001,

and required all attorneys to attend and to be ac-

companied by someone authorized to settle. The at-

torneys were required to present all of the docu-

mentary evidence to be introduced at trial, a synop-

sis of testimony, and requests for preliminary rul-

ings. The case was set for trial during the 10

December 2001 docket.

In July 2001, the plaintiffs requested produc-tion of documents, and in August 2001, the defend-

ants complied. Twice in July 2001, Frier noticed

the plaintiffs' depositions, but these were apparently

canceled. Also in July, Frier noticed a 14 August

2001 hearing on its motion to dismiss. It does not

appear that this hearing was ever held. In August

2001, Frier set the plaintiffs' depositions for 18

September 2001, but four days before the depos-

itions were to be taken, they were rescheduled by

Frier for the same day but a different time. Appar-

ently, these depositions were also canceled. The

plaintiffs moved to amend their complaint to add acount for fraud based on the allegations made with

respect to their claim under chapter 520. *397 In

September 2001, Frier served its motion to stay the

proceedings and refer the matter to arbitration. In

December 2001, the court entered an order allowing

the plaintiffs to amend their complaint. On that

date, the court also entered the order on appeal,

which referred the matter to arbitration.

[1][2][3][4] A contractual right to arbitrate a

dispute may be waived. See e.g., Klosters Rederi A/

S v. Arison Shipping Co., 280 So.2d 678 (Fla.1973);

Graham Contracting, Inc. v. Flagler County, 444

So.2d 971 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983). In ruling on a mo-

tion to compel arbitration, a court must determine

whether: (1) a valid written agreement containing

an arbitration clause exists; (2) an arbitrable issue

exists; and (3) the right to arbitration has been

waived. North American Van Lines v. Collyer, 616

So.2d 177 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993). A party who op-

poses arbitration need not demonstrate actual preju-

dice unless waiver is premised on delay in asserting

the right. Beverly Hills Development Corp. v.

George Wimpey of Florida, Inc., 661 So.2d 969

(Fla. 5th DCA 1995).

[5] A party waives its right to arbitrate by: (1)

actively participating in the lawsuit; or (2) taking

action which is inconsistent with the right to arbit-

rate. Klosters Rederi; R.W. Roberts Construction

Co., Inc. v. Masters & Co., Inc., 403 So.2d 1114

(Fla. 5th DCA 1981) (the defendant's motion to

transfer the action, a contention that the case was inthe court of the wrong county, rather than that the

case should not be in court at all, waived the right

to arbitration). Compare Mike Bradford & Co. v.

Gulf States Steel Co., 184 So.2d 911 (Fla. 3d DCA

1966) (waiver where the defendant submitted an

answer and a counterclaim without raising the issue

of arbitration, allowed the cause to proceed for five

months, and allowed a jury to be impaneled); King

v. Thompson & McKinnon, Auchincloss, Kohlmey-

er, Inc., 352 So.2d 1235 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977)

(waiver where the defendant repudiated the right to

arbitration in the form of an answer to the cross-claim without a demand for arbitration, where the

opposing party had submitted extensive requests for

discovery, and where the cross-defendant did not

move to compel arbitration until nearly a year after

the cross-claim was filed); Marthame Sanders &

Co. v. 400 West Madison Corp., 401 So.2d 1145

(Fla. 4th DCA 1981) (waiver where the defendant

answered and counterclaimed, participated in de-

positions, interrogatories, and document produc-

tion, and where the defendant did not file its motion

to compel arbitration until the third continued date

of trial, over three years after the complaint was

filed); Transamerica Insurance Co. v. Weed, 420

So.2d 370 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (waiver where the

defendant answered the complaint without specific-

ally mentioning the arbitration agreement, failed to

object to the plaintiff's motion to set the case for tri-

Page 3

834 So.2d 395, 28 Fla. L. Weekly D256

(Cite as: 834 So.2d 395)

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al, made two separate settlement offers, and did not

move to compel arbitration until almost four

months after the complaint was filed, and where the

plaintiff filed a detailed statement of inventory

loss); Bared and Co., Inc. v. Specialty Maintenance

and Construction, Inc., 610 So.2d 1 (Fla. 2d DCA

1992) (waiver where the defendant filed an answer

and a cross-claim without raising the arbitration is-

sue); Breckenridge v. Farber, 640 So.2d 208 (Fla.

4th DCA 1994) (waiver where the defendant

answered without demanding arbitration); Sterling

Condominium Ass'n. v. Herrera, 690 So.2d 703

(Fla. 3d DCA 1997) (waiver where the defendant

filed an answer, affirmative defenses, and a coun-

terclaim, and where the defendant actively particip-

ated in the litigation for over two years and did notmove to compel arbitration until the case was

already set for trial); *398Woodall v. Green Tree

Financial Servicing Corp., 755 So.2d 681 (Fla. 4th

DCA 1999) (waiver where the defendants respon-

ded to the complaint by filing a motion for sum-

mary judgment which was directed to the merits).

In the instant case, Frier filed an answer, an af-

firmative defense, and a motion to dismiss which

addressed the merits of the plaintiffs' case and

which did not assert the right to arbitrate. Frier al-

lowed the litigation to reach the point at which acase management conference was held, and at

which the case was set for mediation and trial. Frier

and the plaintiffs engaged in discovery and submit-

ted their witness lists, and Frier did not assert the

right to arbitrate until the eve of trial, nearly a year

after the complaint was served on it. Under these

circumstances, we conclude that Frier waived its

asserted right to arbitration. The fact that the

plaintiffs filed an amended complaint does nothing

to revive Frier's right to arbitration. Compare

Hawkins v. James D. Eckert, P.A., 738 So.2d 1002

(Fla. 2d DCA 1999) (filing of counterclaim did not

revive a party's previously waived right to arbitra-

tion).

REVERSED.

SHARP, W. and SAWAYA, JJ., concur.

Fla.App. 5 Dist.,2003.

Morrell v. Wayne Frier Manufactured Home Center

834 So.2d 395, 28 Fla. L. Weekly D256

END OF DOCUMENT

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5/47

District Court of Appeal of Florida,First District.

Jennifer Irene HILL, Appellant,

v.

RAY CARTER AUTO SALES, INC., a Florida

Corporation, Appellee.

No. 99-1673.

Dec. 16, 1999.

Buyer filed complaint against automobile deal-

er, alleging that dealer had sold buyer a defective

car. The Circuit Court, Duval County, W. GreggMcCaulie, J., granted dealer's motion to stay and to

refer matter to arbitration. Buyer appealed. The

District Court of Appeal, Webster, J., held that: (1)

evidence supported finding that dealer had not

waived its right to arbitrate, but (2) hearing was re-

quired regarding validity of contract containing ar-

bitration clause.

Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and re-

manded with directions.

West Headnotes

[1] 182(1)


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General



Cited Cases(Formerly 33k23.3(1) Arbitration)

Valid contractual right to arbitrate a dispute

may be waived.

[2] 182(2)


25TII Arbitration


and Contest


fenses in General


25Tk182(2) k. Suing or Participat-

ing in Suit. Most Cited Cases


Active participation in lawsuit may result in a

finding of waiver of right to arbitrate dispute.

[3] Estoppel 156 52.10(2)

156 Estoppel

156III Equitable Estoppel

156III(A) Nature and Essentials in General

156k52.10 Waiver Distinguished

156k52.10(2) k. Nature and Elements

of Waiver. Most Cited Cases

A waiver is the intentional or voluntary relin-

quishment of a known right, or conduct which war-

rants an inference of the relinquishment of a known

right.

[4] Estoppel 156 119

156 Estoppel

156III Equitable Estoppel

156III(G) Trial

156k119 k. Questions for Jury. Most

Cited Cases

Whether a waiver has occurred in any given

situation is generally a question of fact.

[5] 210


25TII Arbitration


and Contest

25Tk204 Remedies and Proceedings for

Enforcement in General

25Tk210 k. Evidence. Most Cited

Page 1

745 So.2d 1136, 25 Fla. L. Weekly D34

(Cite as: 745 So.2d 1136)

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6/47

Cases

(Formerly 33k23.10 Arbitration)

Evidence supported trial court's finding that

automobile dealer did not waive its right to arbitrate

dispute with buyer, even though dealer filed answer

that did not raise issue; only two months passed

between date on which dealer had been served and

on which motion requesting arbitration was filed,

and dealer's counsel had not received copy of con-

tract containing clause at time answer was filed.

[6] 211


25TII Arbitration


and Contest

25Tk204 Remedies and Proceedings for

Enforcement in General

25Tk211 k. Trial or Hearing. Most

Cited Cases


199


25TII Arbitration


and Contest

25Tk197 Matters to Be Determined by

Court

25Tk199 k. Existence and Validity of

Agreement. Most Cited Cases


When a party opposing arbitration disputes the

existence or validity of the agreement to arbitrate,

the trial court must resolve that issue as a part of its

consideration of the motion seeking to compel ar-

bitration; if necessary, the trial court must hold an

evidentiary hearing on the issue.

*1137 Stephen J. Pajcic, III, and Christine A. Clark

, Jacksonville; William A. Bald of Dale, Bald,

Showalter & Mercier, P.A., Jacksonville, for Ap-

pellant.

Robert E. O'Quinn, Jr., and Susannah D. Morrison

of Webb & O'Quinn, P.A., Jacksonville, for Ap-

pellee.

WEBSTER, J.

Appellant (Hill) seeks review of a non-final or-

der granting appellee's (Carter's) motion to stay and

to refer the matter to arbitration. We have jurisdic-

tion. Fla. R.App. P. 9.130(a)(3)(C)(v). Because the

trial court's finding that Carter did not waive any

right it might otherwise have had to arbitrate is sup-

ported by competent substantial evidence, we af-

firm that finding. However, because the trial court

failed to determine whether the agreement contain-

ing the arbitration clause was valid and enforceable,

we reverse, and remand for further proceedings.

On November 30, 1998, Hill filed her com-

plaint, alleging that Carter had sold her a defective

car. The complaint, interrogatories, a request for

production and requests for admissions were served

on Carter on December 3, 1998. On January 15,

1999, Carter objected to a portion of Hill's request

for production; and, on January 21, 1999, it respon-

ded to Hill's requests for admissions. On January

27, 1999, Carter served a request for production on

Hill. Carter served its answer on January 28, 1999,having obtained from Hill's counsel an agreement

to extend the time within which the answer must be

filed. The answer did not raise the subject of arbit-

ration. On January 29, 1999, Carter served interrog-

atories on Hill. On February 4, 1999, Carter served

a motion requesting that the proceeding be stayed

and the matter referred to arbitration.

At the hearing on the motion to stay the pro-

ceeding and refer the matter to arbitration, Hill's

counsel argued that Carter had waived any right it

might otherwise have had to demand arbitration byfiling an answer which did not raise the issue, and

otherwise actively participating in the litigation

process. Carter's attorney responded that only two

months had passed between the date on which his

client had been served and that on which the motion

requesting arbitration was filed. In addition, he said

Page 2

745 So.2d 1136, 25 Fla. L. Weekly D34

(Cite as: 745 So.2d 1136)

http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk210http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TII%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TII%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk204http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk211http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk211http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk211http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Thttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TII%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TII%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk197http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk199http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk199http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0201604701&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0216950401&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0179308401&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0177076001&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0256926901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000006&DocName=FLSTRAPR9.130&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000006&DocName=FLSTRAPR9.130&FindType=Lhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0256926901&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0177076001&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0179308401&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0216950401&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&DB=PROFILER-WLD&DocName=0201604701&FindType=hhttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk199http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk199http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk197http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TII%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk211http://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk211http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk211http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Tk204http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TII%28D%29http://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25TIIhttp://www.westlaw.com/KeyNumber/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=KEY&DocName=25Thttp://www.westlaw.com/Digest/Default.wl?rs=dfa1.0&vr=2.0&CMD=MCC&DocName=25Tk210


7/47

that he had not yet received a copy of the contract

which included the arbitration clause (and, there-

fore, was unaware of the clause) at the time he pre-

pared and served the answer but that, as soon as he

received it, he filed the motion requesting arbitra-

tion.

In its order granting Carter's motion, and refer-

ring the matter to arbitration, the trial court found

that [w]hen [Carter] discovered the existence of

the contract and the arbitration clause, it promptly

requested arbitration. It found, further, that

Although [Carter] did participate in this litiga-

tion by filing an Answer and propounding discov-

ery, it also sought to *1138 invoke the provisions of

the contract requiring arbitration in a timely fashion

and in a manner not inconsistent with the existence

of the arbitration clause. It seems that [Carter's]

counsel was trying to keep up the pace with [Hill's]

counsel but this is not necessarily inconsistent with

it's [sic] request for arbitration.

This appeal follows.

[1][2] Hill correctly points out that a valid con-

tractual right to arbitrate a dispute may be waived.

E.g., Miller v. Drexel Burnham Lambert, Inc., 791

F.2d 850 (11th Cir.1986) (interpreting federal arbit-

ration law); Klosters Rederi A/S v. Arison Shipping

Co., 280 So.2d 678 (Fla.1973) (interpreting Florida

law). It is also true that numerous courts (including

ours) have held that waiver may occur as the result

of active participation in a lawsuit. E.g., S & H

Contractors, Inc. v. A.J. Taft Coal Co., 906 F.2d

1507 (11th Cir.1990); Beverly Hills Dev. Corp. v.

George Wimpey of Florida, Inc., 661 So.2d 969

(Fla. 5th DCA 1995); Finn v. Prudential-Bache Se-

curities, Inc., 523 So.2d 617 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988);

Maryland Cas. Co. v. Department of Gen. Serv.,489 So.2d 54 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986). Such conduct

may result in a finding of waiver because it is gen-

erally presumed to be inconsistent with an intent to

insist on arbitration.

[3][4][5] The question which a trial court must

answer when presented with an argument that a

party has waived a right it might otherwise have

had to arbitrate the dispute which is the subject of

the lawsuit is whether, in fact, a waiver has oc-

curred. A [w]aiver is the intentional or voluntary

relinquishment of a known right, or conduct which

warrants an inference of the relinquishment of a

known right. Board of County Comm'rs v. Interna-

tional Union of Operating Engineers, Local 653,

620 So.2d 1062, 1065 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993). Wheth-

er a waiver has occurred in any given situation is

generally a question of fact. Southeast Grove Man-

agement, Inc. v. McKiness, 578 So.2d 883 (Fla. 1st

DCA 1991). We will reverse a decision of a trial

court which is dependent upon a factual finding

only if there is no competent substantial evidence tosupport the finding. E.g., Manufacturers Nat'l Bank

v. Canmont Int'l, Inc., 322 So.2d 565 (Fla. 3d DCA

1975). Here, we cannot say that there exists no

competent substantial evidence to support the trial

court's implicit finding that Carter did not waive

any right it might otherwise have had to request ar-

bitration. Accordingly, we affirm that finding. We

note, in passing, that such a result is consistent with

the generally favorable attitude of courts toward ar-

bitration as a means of dispute resolution. See, e.g.,

Roe v. Amica Mut. Ins. Co., 533 So.2d 279, 281

(Fla.1988) (arbitration is a favored means of dis-

pute resolution).

Our conclusion that competent substantial evid-

ence supports the trial court's finding that no waiver

occurred does not end our inquiry. In its answer,

Carter implies in an affirmative defense that the

contract containing the arbitration clause is not val-

id and enforceable. Hill's counsel argued to the trial

court that an issue existed regarding whether the

contract was valid and enforceable. Although the

trial court recognized in its order that such an issue

existed, it did not decide that issue. This was error.

[6] When, as was the case here, a party oppos-

ing arbitration disputes the existence or validity of

the agreement to arbitrate, the trial court must re-

solve that issue as a part of its consideration of the

Page 3

745 So.2d 1136, 25 Fla. L. Weekly D34

(Cite as: 745 So.2d 1136)

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8/47

motion seeking to compel arbitration. Jalis Constr.,

Inc. v. Mintz, 724 So.2d 1254 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999).

If necessary, the trial court must hold an eviden-

tiary hearing on the issue. Merrill Lynch Pierce

Fenner & Smith v. Melamed, 425 So.2d 127 (Fla.

4th DCA 1982). Because the trial court did not re-

solve that issue here, we reverse the order staying

the proceeding and referring the matter to arbitra-

tion, and remand. On remand, the trial court shall

conduct such further hearings as it *1139 deems ne-

cessary to permit it to decide whether a valid and

enforceable agreement to arbitrate exists.

AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED IN PART;

and REMANDED, with directions.

JOANOS and PADOVANO, JJ., CONCUR.

Fla.App. 1 Dist.,1999.

Hill v. Ray Carter Auto Sales, Inc.

745 So.2d 1136, 25 Fla. L. Weekly D34

END OF DOCUMENT

Page 4

745 So.2d 1136, 25 Fla. L. Weekly D34

(Cite as: 745 So.2d 1136)

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9/47

District Court of Appeal of Florida,Fifth District.

NORTH AMERICAN VAN LINES, Florida Mov-

ing Systems, Inc., AA Moving & Storage, Thomas

B. Deneen and Claudia Deneen, Appellants,

v.

James COLLYER and Patricia Collyer, Appellees.

No. 92-1667.

April 2, 1993.

Consumers brought action for damages againstmoving company and others alleging that their

household goods were lost through bad faith and

negligence. The Circuit Court for Brevard County,

Lawrence V. Johnston, III, J., rescinded order refer-

ring matter to arbitration based on claim by con-

sumers that they could not pay required deposit,

and defendants appealed. The District Court of Ap-

peal, Harris, J., held that consumers were not en-

titled to avoid arbitration and proceed to circuit

court simply because they were unable to pay de-

posit required to perform unambiguous arbitration

provision to which they agreed in contract.

Reversed and remanded.

Griffin, J., filed concurring opinion.

West Headnotes

[1] T 151


25TII Arbitration

25TII(B) Agreements to Arbitrate

25Tk150 Operation and Effect

25Tk151 k. In General. Most Cited

Cases


If court determines that right to arbitrate is not

in dispute, permitting parties to litigate dispute in

courts instead of proceeding by arbitration as

agreed would depart from essential requirements of

law.

[2] T 113


25TII Arbitration

25TII(A) Nature and Form of Proceeding

25Tk113 k. Arbitration Favored; Public

Policy. Most Cited Cases


Public policy favors arbitration as alternative to

litigation.

[3] T 152


25TII Arbitration

25TII(B) Agreements to Arbitrate

25Tk150 Operation and Effect

25Tk152 k. As Ousting Jurisdiction of

or Precluding Resort to Courts. Most Cited Cases


Consumers were not entitled to avoid unam-

biguous agreement to arbitrate and proceed to dis-

trict court based solely on their inability to pay de-

posit to cover expenses of arbitrating; arbitration

agreement was valid, arbitrable issue existed, and

right to arbitration had not been waived. West's

F.S.A. 682.03.

[4] Contracts 95 143(3)

95 Contracts

95II Construction and Operation

95II(A) General Rules of Construction

95k143 Application to Contracts in Gen-

eral

95k143(3) k. Rewriting, Remaking, or

Revising Contract. Most Cited Cases

Court is not empowered to rewrite clear and

unambiguous provision, nor should it attempt to

make otherwise valid contract more reasonable for

one party.

Page 1

616 So.2d 177, 18 Fla. L. Weekly D868

(Cite as: 616 So.2d 177)

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10/47

[5] Contracts 95 303(1)

95 Contracts

95V Performance or Breach

95k303 Excuses for Nonperformance or De-

fects

95k303(1) k. In General. Most Cited

Cases

Unexpected difficulty or expense will not ex-

cuse party to contract from performance.

[6] Contracts 95 303(4)

95 Contracts

95V Performance or Breach

95k303 Excuses for Nonperformance or De-

fects

95k303(4) k. Performance Prevented by

Other Party or Third Person. Most Cited Cases

Parties who, by their own acts, prevent per-

formance of contract provision cannot take advant-

age of their own wrong.

*177 David E. Silverman of Krasny and Dettmer,

P.A., Melbourne, for appellants.

J. John Barker, Melbourne, for appellees.

HARRIS, Judge.

James and Patricia Collyer sued North Americ-

an Van Lines, Florida Moving Systems, Inc., AA

Moving and Storage, and Thomas B. and Claudia

Deneen for damages arising from the contractual

relationship between the parties. On motion, the tri-

al court found that the civil action should be abated

and the matter, pursuant to the contract, referred to

arbitration. However, the trial court rescinded its

order when the Collyers asserted that they could not

pay, and the arbitrator would not waive, a required

*178 deposit to defray the expense of the arbitra-tion, including the arbitrator's fee.... The trial court

held:

The combined effect of the arbitration provi-

sions of the contracts attached to the Motion to Stay

and Abate Proceedings; and the deposit requirement

of the American Arbitration Association is to de-

prive the Plaintiffs of any avenue of redress. Pro-

ceeding in court is precluded by the arbitration pro-

visions and proceeding in arbitration is precluded

by Plaintiff's inability to pay the deposit required.

[1][2] The trial court, in effect, determined that

the Collyers' inability to pay the agreed costs ex-

cused them from the terms of their contract. We re-

verse.

Section 682.03, Florida Statutes, provides in

relevant part:

A party to an agreement or provision for arbit-

ration subject to this law claiming the neglect or re-

fusal of another party thereto to comply therewith

may make application to the court for an order dir-

ecting the parties to proceed with arbitration in ac-

cordance with the terms thereof. If the court is sat-

isfied that no substantial issue exists as to the mak-

ing of the agreement or provision, it shall summar-

ily hear and determine the issue and, according to

its determination, shall grant or deny the applica-

tion. [Emphasis added].

This language has been interpreted to mean:

The trial court's role when considering applica-

tions to compel arbitration under Section 682.03,

Florida Statutes (1987), is limited to determining

(1) whether a valid written agreement exists con-

taining an arbitration clause, (2) whether an arbit-

rable issue exists, and (3) whether the right to arbit-

rate was waived.

Piercy v. School Bd. of Washington County,

Fla., 576 So.2d 806, 807 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991). If

the court determines that the right to arbitrate is not

in dispute, permitting the parties to litigate the dis-

pute in the courts instead of proceeding by arbitra-

tion as agreed would constitute a departure from the

essential requirements of law. Vic Potamkin Chev-

rolet, Inc. v. Bloom, 386 So.2d 286 (Fla. 3d DCA

1980). This conclusion is buttressed by the fact that

public policy favors arbitration as an alternative to

litigation. Larry Kent Homes, Inc. v. Empire of

Page 2

616 So.2d 177, 18 Fla. L. Weekly D868

(Cite as: 616 So.2d 177)

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