Sponges Chapter 9 Section3. Sponges Live all over the world (oceans, freshwater rivers and lakes)
OCEANS, LAKES & RIVERS. INNOVATION, EXCELLENCE & SERVICE. Great Lakes Data in Offshore Wind...
-
Upload
della-warren -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
2
Transcript of OCEANS, LAKES & RIVERS. INNOVATION, EXCELLENCE & SERVICE. Great Lakes Data in Offshore Wind...
OCEANS, LAKES & RIVERS. INNOVATION, EXCELLENCE & SERVICE.
Great Lakes Data in Offshore Wind ApplicationsAndrew McGillis
Detroit, MI
21 June 2011
Outline• Introduction to Baird’s Perspective• OW Backgrounder & Study Scales• Required Data• Substrate, wind, hydrodynamics, waves,
ice, morphology, overlay linkages
• Further Data Needs• Limits of Capabilities / Challenges
Baird & Associates
• Coastal, ocean and river engineering consultants
• Canadian firm founded in 1981 • 75 people with offices in Canada,
U.S.A, Chile, Barbados, UAE, and Australia.
• Recognized worldwide for innovative, ecologically sensitive, and cost-effective solutions
Offshore Wind Experience• Regulatory
• MMS in US for OCSimpacts• Great Lakes Impacts
(Ontario MNR)• EIS on Bay of Fundy• Review of submitted
EIS for CA
• Developers• Two developers on Great Lakes• Design of foundations in Baltic Sea• Four potential developments on US Atlantic
Coast
UpstreamPressureSurface
DownstreamPressureSurface
DragSurface
SliceThickness
SliceThickness
Dslice
Dslice
Denotes locations wherePressure or velocity is taken
UpstreamPressureSurface
DownstreamPressureSurface
DragSurface
SliceThickness
SliceThickness
Dslice
Dslice
Denotes locations wherePressure or velocity is taken
Offshore Wind Backgrounder
• Immediate future:• Monopiles and GBS
• Long term:• Jackets, tripods, floaters
Physical Study Scales
• Far-field, Near-field, Local near-field
These scales are selected for coastal engineering purposes… there could be different ones for different studies
Required DataSiting EA Design Ops
Substrate Information Bed Morphology ~
Shoreline Morphology ~
Wind Climate Wave Climate Lake Levels ~
Hydrodynamics Ice Conditions
Utility Infrastructure Fisheries ~
Avian Demands ~
UXO ~
Archaeological Navigation ~
Overlays
Bed & Sediment
Issues
Data Type
Metocean Issues
Lakebed Characteristics
E
A &
Des
ign
Siti
ng
• (Bathymetry)• Grab samples• Shallow cores• GSC/USGS atlas
and datasets
• Sidescan• Grabs & full cores
at each foundation location
Wind Climate
• Many options at regional scale• LS Anemometers• Buoys• Wind Field Data• Atlases
• Also need site-specific measurement
How it’s Used:• Siting (critical)• Development of Wind
Fields• Business Models• Design (hub height and loads)• Wave hindcasting• Hydrodynamic and ice forcing• Real-time operations (forecast)
Wave Climates
• Moderately well understood• Observations are still
critical to our understanding
• Wind-driven
• Data Sources:• Buoys• Hindcasted data• Need measurements
at site
How it’s Used:• Design• Wave loads (ULS, FLS)• Navigation conditions• Driving force for sed. trans.
• Operations• Access restrictions
Wave Climates (Challenges)
• Site-specific spectra• Lack of winter
observations• Changed buoys• 12m Discus is too
large
• Great Lakes are fundamentally different
Hydrodynamics
• Extensively studied and modelled• Wind and gravity
driven • Relatively easy to
measure in field• Difficult to calibrate
at a site• Need 3D models• Far-field models
such as the POM exist
How it’s Used:• Siting and design• Not critical
• EA, Construction, and Operations• Turbidity• Spill response
Ice Climate
• Some elements are captured• GLERL (NIC), CIS• Ice coverage
• Some elements are not well captured• Ice type• Thicknesses• Scour• Short-term motions
How it’s Used:• Design• Critical (ULS, FLS, Dynamics)
• Operations• Winter access challenges
Morphology
• Far-field• Site specific – normally
none• Near-field
• Global scour and migration• Local near-field
• Local scour (3-5 m change)• Mitigated with protection
What we have:• Field sheets, charts,
GEODAS
Data Needs (Next Steps)• Ice Data
• Thickness stations closed• Ice scour• Resolution• Climate change
• Temporal bed feature morphology
• Winter events• Uncertainty• Bed-mounted instruments
• Navigation Data• Traffic• Accidents
Implementation:(from an offshore wind perspective)
• BOEMRE Marine Cadastre
Incorporate: Uncertainty and Climate
Change
(Pushing the) Limits of CapabilitiesRisk-Based Design• Monte Carlo, Bayesian• Isolate uncertainties• Include climate change
Spill & Event Modeling• Linkages to real-time
datasets• Supports construction and
operations• Multiple transport
mechanisms
Linkages to Bio-indicators• Stable Isotope Analyses• Link physics to biological
demands
Climate Change• Great Lakes scale estimates
are now available• Still a lot of uncertainty• We can include this
• Data Impacts: winds, waves, ice, lake levels