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Oceanic Whitecaps: Good or Bad?
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Transcript of Oceanic Whitecaps: Good or Bad?
Oceanic Whitecaps:
Good or Bad?Magdalena Anguelova
Bridging the GapOctober 21 - 22 , 2000
Good or Bad for Remote Sensing
The role of whitecaps The characteristics of whitecaps Judging the whitecaps
Good or Bad for Remote Sensing
The role of whitecaps
Climate Changes
Consequences
...know past climate changes well.
...predict future climate changes accurately.
...understand present climate better.
Climate Studies
Satellite Remote Sensing
Parameters;Instruments;
EM spectrum:
Vis IR mWUV
Ocean ColorWinter 97/98
Water color Presence of organisms
Vis IR mWUV
SeaWiFS
Aerosol Concentration
Atmospheric reflection Presence of aerosols
Vis IR mWUV
MODIS
Sea Surface Temperature
Thermal emission Temperature changes
Vis IR mWUV
AVHRR
Wind Speed
Thermal Emission Roughness and foam
Vis IR mWUV
SSM/I
Use of Data
11101110
11
110111
11011
Gross Features vs. Details Understanding; Experience.
Top of theatmosphere
Ts
SR
AU AD
Ocean Ts
ST
Instrument
ST SR + Ts+ AU + AD
SU
+ SU
Composite Signal
Good or Bad for Remote Sensing
The role of whitecaps The characteristics of whitecaps Judging the whitecaps
Good or Bad for Remote Sensing
The characteristics of whitecaps
Oceanic Whitecaps
White foamy patches on a windy day
The Foam
Air/water mixture; Dry and wet foam; Specific properties; Changing throughout
Vis IR mWUV
Whitecaps in the Visible
Bright and white! Excellent reflectors!
Vis IR mWUV
Whitecaps in the Infrared
Reflectance decreases; Some thermal emission;
Vis IR mWUV
Whitecaps in Microwave
Poor reflectors Excellent emitters!
Vis IR mWUV
Whitecaps Signature
High Reflectivity
High Emissivity
So-so
Vis IR mWUV
Good or Bad for Remote Sensing
The role of whitecaps The characteristics of whitecaps Judging the whitecaps
Good or Bad for Remote Sensing
Judging the whitecaps
Desired Signal
SR + Ts )+ AU + AD
ST SR + Ts+ AU + AD+ SU
SR + Ts )+ SU + AD
SR + SU )+ AU + AD
ST – (
ST – (
ST – (
ST – (SR + SU )+ AU + AD
SU
AU
Ts
Ts
The Judgment
Wind speed
SST Aerosols
Ocean Color
Conclusion
Whitecaps must be accounted for; Know well their characteristics;
Questions