Occupational Safety and Health

Prepared by:Rose Juanillo

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

- defined as the science of the anticipation, recognition,evaluation and control of hazards arising in or from the workplace that could impairthe health and well-being of workers, taking into account the possible impact on the surrounding communities and the generalenvironment.

- It is a key element in achieving sustained decent working conditionsand strong preventive safety cultures.

DEFINITION

REFERENCE:

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/@publ/documents/publication/wcms_093550.pdf

I.Fundamental Principles of OSH

1.C155 Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 The convention provides for the adoption of a coherent

national occupational safety and health policy, as well as actionto be taken by governments and within enterprises to promoteoccupational safety and health and to improve working conditions.This policy shall be developed by taking into consideration nationalconditions and practice. The Protocol calls for the establishment andthe periodic review of requirements and procedures for the recordingand notification of occupational accidents and diseases, and for thepublication of related annual statistics.

REFERENCE:

http://www.ilo.org/global/standards/subjects-covered-by-international-labour-standards/occupational-safety-and-health/lang--en/index.htm

2.C161 Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 This convention provides for the establishment of

enterprise-level occupational health services which are entrustedwith essentially preventive functions and which are responsible foradvising the employer, the workers and their representatives in theenterprise on maintaining a safe and healthy working environment.

REFERENCE:


3.C187Promotional Framework for OSH Convention, 2006 This Convention aims at promoting a preventative safety and

health culture and progressively achieving a safe and healthyworking environment. It requires ratifying States to develop, inconsultation with the most representative organizations of employersand workers, a national policy, national system, and nationalprogramme on occupational safety and health.

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II. Health and safetyin particular branchesof economic activity

1.C120 Hygiene (Commerce and Offices), 1964

This instrument has the objective of preserving the health andwelfare of workers employed in trading establishments, andestablishments, institutions and administrative services in whichworkers are mainly engaged in office work and other relate servicesthrough elementary hygiene measures responding to the requirements of welfare at the workplace.

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2.C045 Underground Work Women, 1935

No female, whatever her age, shall be employed on underground work in any mine.

National laws or regulations may exempt from the above prohibition—

(a) females holding positions of management who do not perform manual work;

(b) females employed in health and welfare services;

(c) females who, in the course of their studies, spend a period of training inthe underground parts of a mine; and

(d) any other females who may occasionally have to enter the underground partsof a mine for the purpose of a non-manual occupation.

REFERENCE:


3.C176 Safety and Health in Mines Convention, 1995

This instrument regulates the various aspects of safety and healthcharacteristic for work in mines, including inspection, special workingdevices, and special protective equipment of workers. It also prescribesrequirements relating to mine rescue.

REFERENCE:


4.C152 Occupational Safety and Health (Dock Work), 1979

A Member may grant exemptions from or permit exceptions to the provisions ofthis Convention in respect of dock work at any place where the traffic is irregularand confined to small ships, as well as in respect of dock work in relation to fishingvessels or specified categories thereof, on condition that–

(a) safe working conditions are maintained; and

(b) the competent authority, after consultation with the organisations of employersand workers concerned, is satisfied that it is reasonable in all the circumstancesthat there be such exemptions or exceptions.

REFERENCE:


5.C167 Safety and Health in Construction Convention, 1988

The convention provides for detailed technical preventive andprotective measures having due regard for the specific requirementsof this sector. These measures relate to safety of workplaces,machines and equipment used, work at heights and work executed incompressed air.

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6.C184 Safety and Health in Agriculture Convention, 2001 The convention has the objective of preventing accidents and injury

to health arising out of, linked with, or occurring in the course ofagricultural and forestry work. To this end, the Convention includesmeasures relating to machinery safety and ergonomics, handling andtransport of materials, sound management of chemicals, animalhandling, protection against biological risks, and welfare andaccommodation facilities.

REFERENCE:


7.C062 Safety Provisions (Building) Convention, 1937

The laws or regulations for ensuring the application of the General Rules set forth inof this Convention shall apply to all work done on the site in connection with theconstruction, repair, alteration, maintenance and demolition of all types of buildings.

It shall—

(a) require employers to bring them to the notice of all persons concerned in a manner approved by the competent authority;(b) define the persons responsible for compliance therewith; and(c) prescribe adequate penalties for any violation thereof.

REFERENCE:


III. Protection againstspecific risks

1.C013 White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921

Each Member of the International Labour Organisation ratifying the Conventionundertakes to prohibit, with the exceptions:

1) the use of white lead and sulphate of lead and of all products containing these pigments, in the internal painting of buildings, except where the use of white lead or sulphate of lead2)or products containing these pigments is considered necessary for railway stationsor industrial establishments by the competent authority after consultation withthe employers' and workers' organisations concerned.

It shall nevertheless be permissible to use white pigments containing a maximumof 2 per cent of lead expressed in terms of metallic lead.

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2.C115 Radiation Protection Convention, 1960

The objective of the Convention is to set out basic requirementswith a view to protect workers against the risks associated withexposure to ionising radiations. Protective measures to be takeninclude the limitation of workers' exposure to ionising radiations to thelowest practicable level following the technical knowledge available atthe time, avoiding any unnecessary exposure, as well as themonitoring of the workplace and of the workers' health. TheConvention further refers to requirements with regard to emergencysituations that may arise.

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3.C139 Occupational Cancer Convention, 1974

This instrument aims at the establishment of a mechanism for the creationof a policy to prevent the risks of occupational cancer caused by exposure,generally over a prolonged period, to chemical and physical agents of varioustypes present in the workplace. For this purpose, states are obliged determine periodically carcinogenic substances and agents to whichoccupational exposure shall be prohibited or regulated, to make every effortto replace these substances and agents by non- or less carcinogenic ones, toprescribe protective and supervisory measures as well as to prescribe theNecessary medical examinations of workers exposed.

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4.C148Working Environment (Air Pollution, Noise and Vibration) Convention,

1977

The convention provides that, as far as possible, the workingenvironment shall be kept free from any hazards due to air pollution,noise or vibration. To achieve this, technical measures shall be appliedto enterprises or processes, and where this is not possible,supplementary measures regarding the organization of work shall betaken instead.

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5.C162 Asbestos Convention, 1986

Aims at preventing the harmful effects of exposure to asbestoson the health of workers by indicating reasonable and practicablemethods and techniques of reducing occupational exposure toasbestos to a minimum. With a view to achieving this objective,theconvention enumerates various detailed measures, which arebased essentially on the prevention and control of health hazardsdue to occupational exposure to asbestos, and the protection ofworkers against these hazards.

REFERENCE:


6.C170 Chemicals Convention, 1990 The Convention provides for the adoption and implementation of

a coherent policy on safety in the use of chemicals at work, whichincludes the production, the handling, the storage, and the transportof chemicals as well as the disposal and treatment of wastechemicals, the release of chemicals resulting from work activities,and the maintenance, repair and cleaning of equipment andcontainers of chemicals. In addition, it allocates specificresponsibilities to suppliers and exporting states.

REFERENCE:


7.C119 Guarding of Machinery Convention, 1963

The provisions of this Convention— (a)apply to road and rail vehicles during locomotion only in relation to the safety of the operator or operators;

(b) apply to mobile agricultural machinery only in relation to the safety of workers employed in connection with such machinery.

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8.C127 Maximum Weight Convention, 1967 This Convention applies to regular manual transport of loads.

No worker shall be required or permitted to engage in the manualtransport of a load which, by reason of its weight, is likely to jeopardisehis health or safety.

REFERENCE:


9.C174 Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents Convention, 1993

This Convention applies to major hazard installations.

This Convention does not apply to:

(a) nuclear installations and plants processing radioactive substances except for facilities handling non-radioactive substances at these installations;(b) military installations;(c) transport outside the site of an installation other than by pipeline.

REFERENCE:


10.C136 Benzene Convention, 1971

This Convention applies to all activities involving exposure of workers to--(a) the aromatic hydrocarbon benzene C6H6, hereinafter referred to as benzene ;(b) products the benzene content of which exceeds 1 per cent by volume, hereinafterreferred to as products containing benzene .

1. Whenever harmless or less harmful substitute products are available, they shall be used instead of benzene or products containing benzene.

2. This does not apply to-- (a) the production of benzene;(b) the use of benzene for chemical synthesis;(c) the use of benzene in motor fuel;(d) analytical or research work carried out in laboratories.

REFERENCE:


IV.Comparative ConventionsASEAN countries

CountryFundamental Principles of OSH

C155 C161 C187

CAMBODIA x x x

LAO PDR x x x

MYANMAR x x x

VIET NAM /

1994x

/2015

BRUNEI x x x

INDONESIA x x x

MALAYSIA x x/

2012

PHILIPPINES x x x

SINGAPORE x x/

2012

THAILAND x x x

Legend: x no ratification / with ratification & year of ratification/enforcement

Occupational Health and Safety Conventions

CountryProtection in specific branches activity

C120 C045 C176 C152 C167 C184 C062

CAMBODIA x x x x x x x

LAO PDR x x x x x x x

MYANMAR x x x x x x x

VIET NAM /

1994/

1994x x x x x

BRUNEI x x x x x x x

INDONESIA /

1969/

1950x x x x x

MALAYSIA x x x x x x x

PHILIPPINES x x/

1998x x x x

SINGAPORE x/

1965x x x x x

THAILAND x x x x x x x

Protection against specific risks

CountryC013 C115 C139 C148 C162 C170 C119 C127 C174 C136

CAMBODIA/

1969x x x x x x x x x

LAO PDR/

1964x x x x x x x x x

MYANMAR x x x x x x x x x x

VIET NAM x x x x x x x x x x

BRUNEI x x x x x x x x x x

INDONESIA x x x x x x x x x x

MALAYSIA x x x x x x/

1974x x x

PHILIPPINES x x x x x x x x x x

SINGAPORE x x x x x x x x x x

THAILAND x x x x x x x/

1969x x

V.Current situation onLabor Inspection

in workplace

REFERENCE:

Brunei DarussalamMinistry of Health - Surveillance of Working Environment

Regular work site visits , OHS inspections, audits, risk assessments & advice-Inspectorate team –doctor, nurse, health inspectors-Frequency– 3 inspections /week (Tue,Wed,Thu) Check lists –OHS inspection, audit, first aid assessmentWorkplace surveys & grading – Mon/Sat –health inspectors- OSH assessment for

licensing purposes Industrial Hygiene -noise monitoring ,dust sampling, assessment of illumination ,temp. humidity & toxic gas analysis, heat stress monitoring

http://www.energy.gov.bn/HSE/Documents/2_MOH_Health%20and%20Safety%20at%20Workplace.pdf

▪ Indonesia has adopted one of the most comprehensive law on OSH management system (OSH-MS) at large or high -risk enterprises. The regulation stipulates that “Any company employing 100 employees or more, or containing harmful potential issued due to process characteristic or production material which may cause occupational accident such as explosion, fire, contamination and occupational disease is obligated to implement an OSH-MS.” A systematic audit, endorsed by the Government, is necessary to measure the OSH- MS practice. A company is awarded an OSH-MS certificate if it complies with at least 60 percent of 12 main elements, or in 166 criteria

▪ Work safety inspection for formal sector only

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilomanila/documents/publication/wcms_126058.pdf

Indonesia

REFERENCE:

• Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

• To ensure that all staff are provided with the relevant information, instruction, training and supervision regarding methods to carry out their duties in a safe manner and without causing any risk to health;

• To investigate all accidents, diseases, poisonous and/or dangerous occurrences, and to have action to ensure that these occurrences will not be repeated;

REFERENCE:

http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=84:the-role-and development&catid=39&Itemid=172&lang=en

Malaysia

▪ The Inspectorate focuses on reducing safety and health risks at workplaces by conducting inspections, surveillance of workplaces and enforcing the law when necessary, to ensure that workplaces maintain an acceptable level of safety and health standard. The Inspectorate also investigates accidents and lessons learnt from the accidents are shared with the industry.

▪ The department administers the Work Injury Compensation system to assist injured employees and dependants of deceased employees in claiming work injury compensation. It also administers the Incident Reporting system for reporting of workplace accidents, dangerous occurrences and occupational diseases.

Singapore

REFERENCE:

http://www.mom.gov.sg/aboutus/divisions-statutory-boards/Pages/occupational-safety-healthdivision.aspx#sthash.VgsVRAEc.dpuf

▪ Earthquake & Fire prevention drills , Labor Inspection, Accident reports (w/in 24 hours)

• 14th National Occupational Safety and Health Congress on November 20-21, 2014 at the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC). “Expanding Social Protection through Occupational Safety and Health”

1) OSH in the key employment sectors such as the construction, maritime, bus transport, government, manufacturing, mines, services and BPOs

2) New regulations on safety and health by focal government policy agencies 3) Research on risk assessment and communication 4) Best practices and interventions for workplace improvement 5) Effective training modalities and technological innovations by local and

international experts

REFERENCE:

http://www.oshc.dole.gov.ph/

Philippines

Labor Standards Enforcement by Region, Philippines: 2014Philippines

REFERENCE:(http://www.bles.dole.gov.ph/PUBLICATIONS/Current%20Labor%20Statistics/STATISTICAL%20TABLES/eCLS_April2014.pdf_

The new labor law compliance system, which serves as the framework for theadditional 372 plantilla positions granted by President Benigno S. Aquino III forlabor laws compliance officers (LLCOs), aims to foster a culture of voluntarycompliance with labor laws by all establishments nationwide. See manual on LLCS :http://www.dole.gov.ph/files/Manual%20on%20the%20LLCS%209-1214%281%29.pdf

Safety inspection in the workplaces consisted of 5 types as follows:

1.1 The regular inspection

-ensure the workplace compliance with regulation

1.2 The requested inspection

- is the OSH inspection at certain workplaces where complaints have been lodged on non-compliance or violation against OSH laws.

1.3 The follow-up inspection

- is the continual inspection after the regular inspection, requested inspection, or special inspection.

1.4The accidental inspection

- is the OSH inspection at workplaces where and when unusual incidents or accidents occurred.

1.5 The special inspection

- is the specific OSH inspection as required to enhance OSH practices

REFERENCE:http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---sro bangkok/documents/policy/wcms_192111.pdf

Thailand

• Inspection Visits have been conducted once a year in each small enterprise in Phnom Penh City. Not in provinces

• Many inspectors have also carried out OSH training for home workers,

construction workers, farm workers and farmers in cooperation with

workers, employers, NGOs, and the ILO. Participatory training programmes

like WISH (Work Improvement in Safe Home) for home workers,

WISCON (Work Improvement in Small Construction) for construction

workers in small construction sites, and WIND (Work Improvement for

Neighbourhood Development) for farm workers and farmers have been

applied actively and widely..

REFERENCE:

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/policy/wcms_187746.pdf

Cambodia

REFERENCE:

Myanmar▪ cooperation and collaboration among private and public sector. This includes, Factories and General Labour Laws Inspection Department (FGLLID) and other concerned agencies and stakeholders.

▪ includes information on OSH international cooperation, organization and services;occupational accidents and diseases reporting, classification and record keeping;OSH education and training; environmental improvement activities; emerging OSHactivities and

TO DO IN THE FUTURE

▪To establish Occupational Safety and Health Center▪To train the officials of FGLLID to be able to provide advanced technical services for the improvement of working conditions especially in the field of safety and health in the industrial establishments

http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/policy/wcms_242224.pdf

• Labour inspectors not only have specific roles to inspect factories. Most of these inspectors also have other responsibilities. They also work in management since there are not a sufficient number of officers. In the law on manufacturing, mention is made of the types of inspection. These are regular inspection, inspection with prior notice and emergency inspection. In reality, the inspection work under the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft has not yet been implemented well. The inspection job needs qualified personnel and has to be done in close cooperation with other Ministries such as Ministry of Construction (for inspecting the quality of buildings).

REFERENCE:http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---safework/documents/policy/wcms_187798.pdf

Lao PDR

▪The Department of Labor checks and inspects to production and commercial enterprises.

▪ Hanoi Technical Safety Verifying Center, a series of training classes were organized to grant Occupational Health and Safety certificates to thousands of laborers

▪ Fire prevention drills

Vietnam

REFERENCE:

http://www.talkvietnam.com/2012/10/hanoi-successfully-implements-occupational-health-and-safety/

Ensuring worker safety has been one of the ILO’s fundamental missions.

Facts2M PEOPLE die every year from work related accidents

and diseases


REFERENCE:

Economic Facts4% annual GDP is lost due to work-related accidents

and diseases; employers face costly early retirements, lost of skilled staff, absenteeism

Conclusion

Occupational Safety and Health

Documents

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