Occupational Health & Industrial Hygiene Management FFBL – HSE Seminar
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Transcript of Occupational Health & Industrial Hygiene Management FFBL – HSE Seminar
Occupational Health & Industrial Hygiene ManagementFFBL – HSE Seminar
Dr. Tahir Baig Barlas
OHSE - Consultant
Barlas HSE Solutions, Systems Certification & CSR Consultancy
Services
WHO AM I ?• Ex – Corporate HSE Manager Azgard9
Group
(Pak American Fertilizers & Textile
Business)
• Ex – GM HSE PIA
• EX- Country Corporate HSE Manager
Shell Companies in Pakistan
• Ex- Occupational Health Physician ICI
Pakistan
• Visiting HSE Consultant PSTD
• OHS Training Resource – ILO Turin Italy
What HSE is all ABOUT!
Harry, age 16, 1908. Pulled into machinery in a factory. His arm was ripped off at the shoulder and his leg
broken.
Goal of no harm to People
Manage all HSE Risks
HRA of HSE Critical Activities
Implementation of Standards
LOCAL LAGISLATION
HSE POLICY
OHSAS 18001/ ISO14001
MHMS
HEALTHHEMP / MHMS
HSE-MS
DRIVERS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Aims of Occupational HealthPromote and maintain highest degree of physical, mental
and social well-being of workers in all occupations;Prevent among workers all departures from Health
caused by their working condition;Protect workers in their employment from risks resulting
from factors adverse to health; and,Place and maintain the worker in an occupational
environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capacity.
Prediction of health outcomes!
There are generally two adopted views on Occupational Health:
Restricted or workplace focused Wider view to include the
workplace and the communities in and around the work site.
Occupational Health Perspectives
Focus of Occupational Health
1. The maintenance and promotion of worker’s health and working capacity
2. The improvement of the working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health
3. Development of work organizations and working cultures in a direction which supports health and safety at work and in doing so also promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation and may enhance productivity
Focus of Occupational Health
HEMPHEMP
Leadership and Commitment
Policy and Strategic Obj.
Management Review
Corrective Action &Improvement
Audit
Org., Resp., Resources Standards. & Doc.
Corrective Action &Improvement
Monitoring
Planning & Procedures
Hazard and Effects Management
Implementation
Corrective Action
HSE Management SystemHazard and Effects Management Process
HRA
IDENTIFY ASSESS
CONTROLRECOVER
HEMPHEMP
Structure of HEMP
Identify Are people, environment or assets exposed to potential harm ?
AssessWhat are the causes and consequences ?How likely is loss of control ?What is the risk and is it ALARP ?
Control Can the causes be eliminated ?What controls/barriers are needed ?How effective are the controls/barriers ?
RecoverCan the potential consequences or effects be mitigated ?What recovery measures are needed ?Are recovery capabilities suitable and sufficient ?
Hazards and Effects Management (HEMP)
What is Health?What is Health?
Health is defined as:
• “Health is more than the absence of sickness! It is a state of spiritual, mental and physical well-being, which enables a person to face any crisis in life”
• Pericles, 430 B.C.
Health is defined as:
• “Health is more than the absence of sickness! It is a state of spiritual, mental and physical well-being, which enables a person to face any crisis in life”
• Pericles, 430 B.C.
Health is a state of spiritual, mental and physical well being
What Determines Your Health?What Determines Your Health?
• Who you are (PREDICT) your genes
• Your Lifestyle (PROMOTE) diet - stress - smoking - exercise - alcohol -
drugs
• Your Environment (PROTECT) domestic - workplace - leisure
What factors affect HEALTH?
“ Health is too important to leave it to the Doctors ”
A Few General ThoughtsA Few General Thoughts Occupational health involves predicting
vulnerabilities, promoting good health and protecting the workforce.
Exposure levels in the workplace can be much higher than those in general environment.
Occupational health deserves more focus because ill-health effects may not manifest for a long period of time.
The Health Risk Assessment identifies, evaluates and seek ways to control the impact of occupational hazards to the worker; hence preventing illnesses acquired through such direct workplace exposures
A responsible company goes beyond occupational health to promote general health and well-being
Health Risk Assessment
A structured approach to identifying evaluating and controlling health hazards in the workplace
The 4 steps of HEMP when applied through the HRA tool identify and assess health risks, and specify appropriate exposure control and recovery measures.
It addresses full range of health effects and takes account of both probability and level of exposure to health hazards.
HEMPHEMP
IDENTIFY ASSESS
CONTROL RECOVER
HEMPHEMP
HRA
HEALTH HEMP
Hazards and Risks
• Hazard– Potential to cause harm
• Exposure (Contact with hazard)– How much?
– How long?
– How frequent?
• Risk– Likelihood that a hazard
will cause harm
– Hazard x Exposure
No Hazard = No Risk
Hazard, but No Exposure = No Risk
Health Risk = Hazard x Exposure
Types of Health Hazards
Chemical Biological
Ergonomic
Psychological
Physical
Noise, heat, radiation, vibration, extreme temperatures,
Noise, heat, radiation, vibration, extreme temperatures,
Gases, dust, metals, solvents, which may be present in the working environment as gases, vapours, mists/aerosols, fumes, dusts, liquids or solids.
Gases, dust, metals, solvents, which may be present in the working environment as gases, vapours, mists/aerosols, fumes, dusts, liquids or solids.
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects and mites, moulds, yeast, related to the working environment
Bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects and mites, moulds, yeast, related to the working environment
Workplace layout, manual handling, body posture and movement, micro environment, RSI, operations, tasks and jobs
Workplace layout, manual handling, body posture and movement, micro environment, RSI, operations, tasks and jobs
Psychological Stress, human interactions workplace relationships.
Psychological Stress, human interactions workplace relationships.
Occupational Chemical Exposure
Physical & Chemical Hazards
Welding fumes; noise
Heat
Dust; noise Dermatitis
Ergonomics Risks
• Manual Handling– Lifting
– Carrying
– Pushing
– Pulling
– Moving
– Twisting
– Stretching
RSI – Repetitive Strain Injuries
• Pain and discomfort
• Heaviness
• Pins - needles sensation
• Numbness
• It even disturbs sleep
• Muscle weakness
Cause and Effect
CAUSE
EFFECT
SAFETY
CAUSE
EFFECT
Heredity
LifestylePreviousExposures
Time
Dose
HEALTH
Cause iseasy to see
Cause ishard to see
Minutes Days Months Years Decades
Accidents
Welder’s Flash
SolventEffects
Fume fevers
Musculo-skeletal disorders
Dermatitis
Stress
Noise InducedHearing Loss
Mesothelioma
Lung cancer
Leukaemia
Cause and Effect of work related injuries and diseases
Key Elements of Occupational Health Program
1. Health Risk Assessment (HRA)
2. Monitoring of Health Performance and Incident Reporting & Investigation
3. Fitness to Work (FTW)
4. Product Stewardship
5. Local Health Facilities and Medical Emergency Response
6. Wellness Program – Healthy Lifestyle Workshops, Stress Management Program, Well Women’s Clinic, Travel Health Clinic
Comprehensive Occupational Health
Program
Health Risk Assessment
Identify Health Hazards & Their Harmful Effects
Agent
Silica dust (crystalline)
Used mineral oils
Noise
Heat
Legionella bacteria
Repetitive movements
Source
Refractory bricks
Engine oil
Process noise above 85dB(A)
Plant heat
Spray cooling towers
Workplace design
Route
Inhalation
Skin
Hearing
Whole body
Inhalation
Whole or part of body
Harmful Effect
Lung disease (silicosis)
Dermatitis, cancer
Hearing Loss
Heat stress, heat stroke
Legionnaire’s Disease
Musculo-skeletal disorders
Routes of intake
• Routes of intake of agents into the body– Inhalation– Skin– Ingestion– Injection– Whole body
Basic Physiology
Lung Heart
StomachLiver
Kidneys
Ear Eye
Skin
NoseMouth
Biological Hazards• Insect-borne diseases
– malaria, leptospirosis, dengue
• Water-borne diseases– legionella
• Food borne diseases– typhoid, dysentery, food
poisoning
• Infectious diseases– HIV, Hepatitis Malaria
Legionnaire’s disease
Ergonomics & Psychological Hazards
WORKLIFE BALANCE
“You spend half your life sacrificing your health to earn moneyAnd the other half of your life spending the money you have earned
to regain your health”
Assigning an Agent Hazard RatingHAZARD RATING
1
2
3Major health effects: Agents capable of irreversible health damage without loss of life, e.g. noise, poor manual handling taks, hand/arm vibration, chemicals causing systemic effects, sensitisers
4Fatality or Permanent Total Disability: Agents capable of irreversible damage with serious disability or death, e.g. corrosives, known human carcinogens (small exposed population), heat, cold
5Multiple Fatalities: Agents with the potential to cause multiple fatalities, e.g. chemicals with acute toxic effects (H2S, CO), known human carcinogens (large exposed population)
DEFINITION in terms of potential to cause harm
0 No injury or damage to health
Slight health effects: Not affecting work performance or causing disability - non toxic dusts (as an acute hazard)
Minor health effects: Agents capable of limited health effects which are reversible, e.g. irritant agents, defatting agents, many food poisoning bacteria
Assigning an Exposure Rating
EXPOSURE RATING DEFINITION
VERY LOW (A) Exposures are negligible
LOW (B) Exposures are controlled and likely to remain so in accordance with screening and performance criteria
MEDIUM (C) Exposures are currently controlled to meet screening and performance criteria but control cannot be assured
HIGH (D)Exposures are not adequately controlled to meet screening and performance criteria and continuously/regularly exceed Occupational Exposure Limits
VERY HIGH (E) Exposures are excessive and will almost certainly result in health damage to persons exposed
Risk Assessment MatrixIncreasing ProbabilityConsequence
A B C D E
Never heard
of in our Industry
Low
Massiveeffect
Major effect
Localisedeffect
Minor effect
Environment
Extensivedamage
Majordamage
Localisddamage
Minordamage
No damage
AssetsPeople
Noinjury
Minorinjury
Majorinjury
Single fatality
Multiplefatalities
Rating
1
2
3
4
5
Heard of incident in our
industry
Incident has
occurredin our
company
Happensseveral times
per yearin Co.
Happensseveraltimes
per yearat locn.
Slight effect
0
Reputation
Slight damage
Slight injury
No effect
Major international
Considerableimpact
Limitedimpact
Slight impact
No impact
High
MediumMajor national
Reliability Cost
EliminationSubstitutionEngineeringProceduralP.P.E.
The Hierarchy of Controls
ALARP ?
••
••
•
•
Risk toHealth
Tolerability level
Cost ofControl
ALARPLegal Liability Wasteful
What is ALARP ?
• As Low As Reasonably Practicable– Five factors to consider
• COST - The amount of money required to combat a slight possibility of risk is limited
• OBVIOUSNESS - The more obvious the risk the greater the potential liability
• INHERENT RISK - All work carries risk to some extent which is irreducible or irremovable and for which the employer cannot be held liable
• LIKELIHOOD OF INJURY - The greater the risk, the greater the liability
• SERIOUSNESS OF INJURY - The more serious the consequence the more precautions should be taken
EXPOSURE RATING
Very Low Low Medium High Very High
a b c d e
1
2
3
4
5
Exposure band < 0.1 x OEL0.1 x OEL to 0.5 x
OEL0.5 x OEL to 1 x
OEL> OEL >> OEL
Haza
rd R
ating
Control ChartControl ChartControl ChartControl Chart
No Immediate
Action Required
Third
Priority
Third
Priority
Second
Priority
Second
Priority
First Priority
For
Action
Comprehensive Occupational Health
Program
Monitoring of Health Performance and Incident Reporting &
Investigation
Exposure Measurement
• Baseline Survey– May include worst case
• Detailed Survey– To define the degree and pattern of exposure
• Routine Exposure Monitoring– Monitoring as a control/barrier in its own right
• Competence
When to Measure Exposure ?• An agent has irreversible effects (e.g. carcinogens)
• Justification for additional control measures
• Choice of control measures (e.g. for noise control)
• Verification of the efficiency of control measures
• Employee concerns are expressed
• Legal / Customer requirements• Epidemiological studies
Health Surveillance• Audiometry Program• Spirometry Program• Biological Monitoring Program• Drugs & Alcohol Abuse Program
– keep records on individual exposures
– Develop Work History of Employee Exposure
• use medical or biological procedures to identify significant abnormalities as early as possible
• consider appropriateness of test procedures
Comprehensive Occupational Health
Program
Fitness to Work (FTW)
Employee selected for position for which fitness to work
medical evaluation is required
Initial screening evaluation
No medical concerns
Fit for task
Further evaluation required
Detailed medical and task assessment
Unfit for
task
Accommodation process
Periodic review
With cause evaluation
Fitness to Work (FTW)
Comprehensive Occupational Health
Program
Health Facilities and Medical Emergency Response
3 Pillars and 7 Principles of SD
PurposeEarning our right to grow
Meeting Profit
Targets
Delivering Value to Customers
Reducing Impact on the Environment
Using Resources Efficiently
Respecting and Safeguarding People
Contributing to Communities
Building Stakeholder
Relations
Philosophy of HSE Management Systems – Continuous Improvement!
Thank you for your attentionAny Questions!