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OCC Meeting

Implementation of URTDSM PROJECT

in Southern Region

POWERGRID

URTDSM Project Detail CERC vide Order dated 06.09.2013, accorded in-principle approval for

implementation of URTDSM Phase-I scheme.

LOA: 15.01.2014 to M/s Alstom Completion Schedule: -24 Months (Jan 2016) Scope:- Installation of PDCs at 34 Control Centres Installation of 1186 PMUs across 351 Substations Package-I: (NR, ER, NER, NTAMC & NLDC) Supply: - Rs. 158.22 Crore; Services: - Rs.72.82Crore Total: - Rs. 231.04 Cr Package-II: (SR, WR) Supply: - Rs. 82.61 Crore Services: - Rs.43.75Crore Total: - Rs. 126.36 Cr

URTDSM Project • Control Center PDS system installed and commissioned at SRLDC & 4

SLDCs of SR for PMU integration

• Control Center Integrated FAT for Package-II from 16th Aug 2016

• Development of Analytical Tools Using PMU Based Phasor Measurements

by POWERGRID in association with IIT-B

Sr. No.

Analytics Status

1. Line Parameter Estimation Prototype Completed

2. On line vulnerability analysis of distance relays

Prototype Completed

3. Linear State Estimator Under development

4. Supervised Zone-3 distance protection scheme to prevent unwanted tripping

Prototype completed, Pilot Scheme under implementation

5. CT/CVT Calibration Under development

6. Control for improving system security (Based on angular, voltage & frequency stability)

Under development

Status of PMU Supply and Integration with CC as on

30th July 2016

Tentative Delivery Schedule requirement at

Substations & Control Centers

Control Centerwise No of Substations in Southern Region (Ph-I)

S No State No of PDCs in the StateNo of Substations (Central

Sector in case of RLDC)

1 SRLDC 1 57

2 AP 1 10

3 TamilNadu 1 3

4 Kerala 1 2

5 Karnataka 1 1

Sub-total in SR 5 73

List of regional coordinators in SR S.No Utility

Name of Coordinator

from Utility Designation Mobile

Name of

POWERGRID

Coordinator

Designation Mobile

1 APTRANCO

Mr. V. Ramana

Murthy

Divisional Engineer 9490153120

Mr P Ranga Rao AGM (OS) 9490611096

Mr. P. Shiva Prashad Asst. Divisional Engineer 94910465377

Mr SDCS Rao CM(OS) 9440908940

2 TSTRANSCO

Mr. D. Vasudeva Rao Divisional Engineer 9490153117


Mr. K. Madhava rao Asst. Divisional Engineer 9490153119

Mr SDCS Rao CM(OS) 9440908940

3 APGENCO


4 KPTCL Mr. Mohd. Mahmood DGM (RTMC) 9449599000

5 KSEB

Mr. Jose M. V. Executive Engineer

Mr. Mohd. Mahmood DGM (RTMC) 9449599000 Mr. A.P. Titus Assistance Executive

Engineer

9496009234

6 TANTRANSC

O

Er. G.Lakshminarayana

Executive Engineer/ EPC-

III

9445396708

Mr. Mohd. Mahmood DGM (RTMC) 9449599000

7 NTPC

Mr SSS Srinavas

Mr Dinesh K.V. m

NTPC , Kayamkulam

Mr Murty, AGM-EM,

Simadri

AGM(EM) 08728272135

9440918195

9440918249


8 NLC H. Raghunath Ch. Manager 9443876587

Mr. Mohd. Mahmood DGM (RTMC) 9449599000

9 NPC Mr. Mohd. Mahmood DGM (RTMC) 9449599000

Broadly Work to be carried out at a PMU stations are:

By M/s ALSTOM: - Supply install and commission approved PMUs with panel, associated cables for DC supply, POWER, CT, PT, status points, GPS receivers, LAN switch. Connect the LAN to identified communication equipment.

By Utility: * Making available/extend DC power Supply, Space for cable in cable trench, panel in control/C&R room, spare potential free contact for CB, Isolator, Protection trip etc.

Note: - * The detail of contract specification available with project coordinators:

Scope of work :

URTDSM Project (Phase-I):

Installation of approximately 1186 PMUs at 351 Substations and Power plants of all utilities of the Country based upon following criterion.

(The hardware and software is sized to accommodate all the PMUs proposed to be installed under Phase-I and Phase-II including 50% expansion requirements.)

Analytical Software is being developed by POWERGRID in association with IIT Mumbai with the help of the Panel of Experts.

– Vulnerability analysis of relay

– Dynamic/Linear State Estimator

– Supervised Zone-3 distance protection scheme to prevent unwanted tripping

– On line CVT parameter validation

– Emergency control schemes for controlling frequency and voltage instabilities

– Schemes for controlling angular instabilities i.e, out of step protection and adaptive islanding.

Agenda Points

• Communication infrastructure status for various sites including Control center & substation/ Utilities.

• Confirmation on reserving the Ethernet port in SDH system at Substations and Control Centers, where the SDH communication system already exist (under ULDC/MCP).

• Confirmation on space availability for PMU panel and various control center equipments.

• Arranging spare MCB for DC Supply by Respective Region, wherever it is not available currently at Substations.

• Requirement of Aux Power Supply system (UPS, ACDB & Battery bank) at all Control Centers and spare capacity in the present APS system under use. Also to explore the space availability for new APS system, if required.

• Coordination required with Regional Coordinators and State/Site coordinators in arranging the required permits to dispatch, deliver, store and install the equipment at substations as well as Control centers. (Tentative schedule of installation targets of various equipment to be apprised).

Issue- To be addressed

• SR Region - Control Centre space availability for Hardware and for UPS, ACDB & Battery bank (60KVA at RLDC, 40KVA at SLDC)

• …….

• ……

PDC

at NLDC & NTAMC

PDC

at Back up NLDC

URTDSM System Hierarchy

Super PDCs at five RLDCs

Master PDCs at SLDCs

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

Remote Consoles at

CEA (1)

Remote Consoles

at RPC (5), UT(3),

States(5)

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

PMUs located at IPPs

across the Grid

PMUs located at State

Sector Substations PMUs located at Central

Sector Substations

WORK

STATION # 2 SPDC Server GPS

Existing VPS

MODULE

DATA

HISTORIAN

SERVER

PDC LAN

COLOR LASER

PRINTER

FIREWALL

HISTORIAN LAN

Remote

Consoles

LAN FOR

REMOTE

CONSOLES

ROUTER

FROM PMUs AND HEIRARCHICAL PDCs

SERVER FOR

ANALYTICA

L

APPLICATIO

DATA

HISTORIAN

SERVER**

HISTORIAN *

WORK

STATION #1

ROUTER

NAS BOX

FIREWALL

FOR

ANALYTICAL

APPLICATIO

N

PDS Server

INFRASTURUCTURE MANAGEMENT LAN

* Storage Area Network (SAN) based

Storage or any other specialized

Storage Solution of Minimum 150 TB

for storing one year PMU Data

** Storage system of min 1 TB for

storing analytical applications

results.

NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

FOR RLDC’s

ANALYTIC APPS LAN

WORK

STATION

PDS VLAN

ROUTER

Analytics

Server

NMS cum CMC, Patch

Management & Identity

SERVER

Equipment to be installed in Control Rooms

S No Name of the Equipment Qty at SRLDC Qty at SLDCs of SR

1 Work Stations 4 No’s 4 No’s

2 Furniture 1 Lot 1 Lot

3 Colour Printer 1 No 1 No

Equipment to be installed in Server Rooms

S No Name of the Equipment Qty at SRLDC Qty at SLDCs of SR

1 No of Servers (PDC, Applications, Historian, 3rd party Analytics, Infrastructure Management etc.,)

11 No’s 9 No’s

2 Historian Storage 1 Lot of 150TB 1 Lot of 6 TB

3 NAS Storage 1 Nos of 6TB 1No of 6TB

4 IIT Analytics Storage 1 No of 1TB 1 No of 1TB

5 Firewalls 3 No’s 3 No’s

6 WAN Routers 8 No’s 5 No’s

7 LAN Switches 10 No’s 10 No’s

Minimum Space requirement at Control Rooms

S No Name of the Equipment at SRLDC At SLDCs of SR

1 Work Stations 48 sq.m** 48 sq.m**

2 Server Room 48 sq.m (typically 8 server racks)

40 sq.m (typically 6 racks)

3 APS Room 60 sq.m for 6 panels

60 sq.m for 6 panels

4 Battery Room 60 sq.m (2 racks) 60 sq.m (2 racks)

Note:

1. At least 1 m space shall be required on Server rack’s front and rear side.

2. Server Panels shall be 42 U and a maximum height of 2200 mm and 1000 mm

clearance height shall be required.

3. Atleast 2 m space shall be required on the UPS Panels’ front & rear side.

4. UPS Panels shall have a height of 1200 mm + 1000 mm clearance height shall

be required.

5. Each battery rack shall require 30 sq.m space.

6. For each Workstation 3 sq.m is required.

** Out of the 4 workstations, two are operator consoles, one each for PDS

and 3rd party analytics. Hence, based on the space availability, PDS and

Analytics Workstations may be kept in another room, in that case the

space requirement would be less.

Note: • In Control Room of RLDC - 48 sq.m (Typically 4 workstation desks)

• In Server Room of RLDC - 48 sq.m (Typically 8 racks)

• In Aux Power Supply (UPS) Room – 60 sq.m (Typically 6 Panels)

• Battery Room - 60 sq.m (Typically 2 racks)

Typical Layout of RLDC Control Room

EXISTING SCADA

CONTROL ROOM

SERVER ROOM

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

RO

OM

APS ROOM

Conference

ROOM

1 2 3 4 5 6

8 Racks for URTDSM

Eqmt 7 8

Note: • In Control Room of SLDC - 48 sq.m (Typically 4workstation desks)

• In Server Room of SLDC - 40 sq.m (Typically 6 racks)



Typical Layout of SLDC Control Room

EXISTING SCADA

CONTROL ROOM

SERVER ROOM

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

RO

OM

APS ROOM

Conference

ROOM

1 2 3 4 5 6

6 Racks for URTDSM

Preparations needed/ Information required from Constituents

• Arrangement of Aux power supply from Station DC for PMU

DC voltage : 110v/220V DC

• Load : 200W per panel consisting of up to 4 PMUs

• Space availability for installation of new UPS system /ACDB

/Battery bank.

EXISTING PMU Pilot DETAILS

All PMU Locations

20

SN Northern Region Southern Region Western Region Eastern Region

North Eastern Region

1 Agra Gajuwaka Asoj Biharshariff Agratala

2 Bassi Gooty Bhadravati Binaguri Badarpur 3 Dadri HVDC Kolar Bina (MP) Durgapur Balipara

4 Hissar Narendra Boisar Farakka Bongoigaon

5 Kanpur Ramagundam Dehgam Jamshedpur

Imphal

6 Moga Somanhalli Itarsi Jeypore Misa

7 HVDC Vindhychal, Sriperumbdur Jabalpur Patna Nehu

8 Kishenpur Thrissur Kalwa Ranchi Sarusajai 9 Meerut Tirunelveli Korba Rengali 10 Balia Vijaywada Raipur Rourkela 11 Rihand Rgppl Sasaram 12 Bawana Satna Talcher

13 Karcham Wangtoo HEP

Solapur

14 Mahendragarh Vindhyachal (WR)

15 Mundra APL

Pilot projects being undertaken by other RLDCs

All Loactions of PMUs Pilot Projects

14-11-2013 Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot

Project 21

Total no of PMUs - 59 Nos. (including 3 nos. PMU installed by IPPs) Region wise PMUs: NR - 14 Nos WR - 15 Nos ER - 12 Nos SR - 10 Nos NER – 08 Nos At present data from 44 PMUs are available at NLDC PDC. In addition to above data from 4 PMUs installed as demo project is also available

National Synchrophasors Pilot Project Architecture

22

PDC Console

Historian

NLDC

NER 10 PMUs

Router

SR

NR

14 PMUs

8 PMUs

PDC/Console

12 PMUs

ER

15 PMUs

WR

PDC/Console PDC/Console

PDC/Console

PDC/Console

Phasor Measurement Units

23

• Data reporting rate – adjustable from 10 to 50 samples per second.

• IRIG – B input for GPS connection

• Inputs –

• 2 sets of three phase voltages

• 2 sets of three phase current

• 8 or more digital inputs.

• Measuring values

• Frequency

• Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)

• Voltage phasors – pahse as well as +ve sequence

• Current phasors

• MW

• MVAR

Phasor Data Concentrator/Historian

24

• Configured reporting rate - 25 samples per second i.e. 40 mili sec per sample

• Communication protocol from PMU to PDC – IEEE C37.118:2005.

• Output stream – IEEE C37.118, IEC 670.5- 104

• Data exchange – ODBC, OLE

• Software PDC on Intel servers.

• Web based visualization.

• Separate Historian on Intel Server and SAN for storage

• Historian with web-based visulization

Technology of URTDSM Project:

– URTDSM Project is based on Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) Technology, which involves measurement of phase angle between various nodes of the power system accurately using Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs).

– These PMUs shall be installed in the substations/power plants, and they measure the parameters such as voltage, current, phase angle and rate of change of frequency etc., and report these values to the Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs) located at various Control Centers.

– Phase angle measurement helps in better Visualization & increase the situational awareness of Power System Operators.


– The components of WAMS are Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs), Visualization Aids, Application and Analysis modules, data archiving and storage etc.

– Analytical Softwares such as Linear State Estimator/Monitor, Supervised Zone-3 Blocking, CT/CVT calibration and Model Validation utilize PMU data for better grid management and planning

– Application of WAMS technology using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), integrated with Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) provide planners and operators and other stake holders, the tools to handle the upcoming challenges of Power Sector.


– The above scheme shall enable synchronous measurement of real time grid parameters across the widely spread grid with low latency in data transfer to control centres which would be very effective in reliable, secure and economical grid operation.

– It would facilitate integration of large quantum of intermittent and variable renewable generation into the grid.

– This shall also facilitate to estimate the transmission capability in a more realistic way which shall bring efficiency in operation as well as economy in cost of power supply.

WORK

STATION # 2 SPDC Server GPS

Existing VPS

MODULE

DATA

HISTORIAN

SERVER

PDC LAN

COLOR LASER

PRINTER

FIREWALL

HISTORIAN LAN

Remote

Consoles

LAN FOR

REMOTE

CONSOLES

ROUTER

FROM PMUs AND HEIRARCHICAL PDCs

SERVER FOR

ANALYTICA

L

APPLICATIO

DATA

HISTORIAN

SERVER**

HISTORIAN *

WORK

STATION #1

ROUTER

NAS BOX

FIREWALL

FOR

ANALYTICAL

APPLICATIO

N

PDS Server

INFRASTURUCTURE MANAGEMENT LAN

* Storage Area Network (SAN) based

Storage or any other specialized

Storage Solution of Minimum 500 TB

for storing one year PMU Data

** Storage system of min 1 TB for

storing analytical applications

results.

Network Architecture

For Main & Backup NLDC’s

ANALYTIC APPS LAN

WORK

STATION

PDS VLAN

ROUTER

Analytics

Server

NMS cum CMC, Patch

Management & Identity

SERVER

URTDSM - Typical equipment to be installed in Control Room of NLDC

• No of workstations – 4

• Color laser printer

• Furniture

URTDSM - Typical equipment to be installed in Server Room of NLDC

• No of Servers – 11 (PDC, Historian & Infra management)

• SAN storage system of 500 TB

• NAS Storage System of 6 TB

• Storage System for Analytical apps of 1TB

• Firewalls – 3

• No of WAN routers – 7

• No of LAN Switches - 10

Typical Equipment for Aux power supply in NLDC

• 120 KVA UPS running in parallel – 2 No’s

• Battery Bank – 2 No’s

• Input ACDBs – 2 No’s of 600 & 150 kVA rating

• Output ACDBs – 2 No’s of 400 & 100 kVA rating

• Isolation transformer and other accessories

Space Requirement in NLDC for URDTSM Project

• In Control Room of NLDC - 50 sq.m (Typically two workstation desks)

• In Server Room of NLDC - 68 sq.m (Typically 10 racks)



Note:

1. Atleast 1 m space shall be required on Server rack’s front and rear side.

2. Server Panels shall be 42 U i.e., a height of 2200 mm + 1000 mm

clearance height shall be required.

3. For each Workstation 3 sq.m is required.

4. Atleast 2 m space shall be required on the UPS Panels’ front & rear side.

5. UPS Panels shall have a height of 1200 mm + 1000 mm clearance height

shall be required.

6. Each battery rack shall require 40 sq.m space.

Note: • In Control Room of NLDC - 50 sq.m (Typically two workstation desks)

• In Server Room of NLDC - 68 sq.m (Typically 10 racks)



Typical Layout of NLDC Control Room

EXISTING SCADA

CONTROL ROOM

SERVER ROOM

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

N

RO

OM

APS ROOM

Conference

ROOM

1 2 3 4 5 6

10 Racks for URTDSM

Eqmt 7 8 9 10

Communication Network Availability for Phase-I

Communication Availability at Substations of Phase-I URTDSM

Sr No. Availability status NR ER NER SR WR

1 Available / Ready by June'14 73 0 14 43 16

2 By Aug'14 28 25 0 21 32

3 By April'15 14 58 0 9 19

Total 115 83 14 73 67

Letter to Member Secretary

1. Andhra Pradesh

PMU Locations

PMU Locations

Central sector..

Central sector

Thank You

NER

ER

NR

WR

SR AN

DA

MA

N &

NIC

OB

AR

LA

KS

HA

DW

EE

P

All figs. in MW

INDIAN POWER SECTOR- OVERVIEW

30.06.2014 44

Installed Capacity –249.5 GW

Peak Demand – 135,918 MW app.

High Deficit of 8.1% (Apr’13) &

Avg. of 4.5 % in FY 13-14

High Energy deficit of 13.9%(Dec’12) & Avg of 8.7% in FY11-12 Per capita

consumption for 2012-13–approx 917.18 kWh Power sector

to Grow @10% Economy

to grow @ 7-8% p.a. Source: CEA

ONE NATION – ONE GRID

Source: CEA

(As on 30.06.2014)

INSTALLED CAPACITY IN INDIA

45

177066

72422

Installed Capacity in India - 249488 MW

Conventional Sources of Energy

Renewable Sources of Energy- Including Hydro Capacity 40730 MW

Vast Transmission Expansion & its operation Open and growing electricity market & power trading

Integration of large scale intermittent & variable renewable

generation into grid Steady state view of Transmission Network

No phase angle measurement in real time – critical

parameter

Presently high Latency(delay) and time skewed system data monitored through SCADA

Coordination of protection settings

Issues & Challenges in System

Operation

46 Necessitates Real time measurements and monitoring of Grid parameters to capture dynamic behavior for improved efficiency

What is WAMS?

• The technology of direct measurement of phasors across a power system i.e., magnitude and angles

• Global synchronization of measurements by GPS (Global Positioning System)

• Synchrophasor measurements are to be communicated to control center

Vast Transmission Expansion & its operation Open and growing electricity market & power trading

Integration of large scale intermittent & variable renewable

generation into grid Steady state view of Transmission Network

No phase angle measurement in real time – critical

parameter

Presently high Latency(delay) and time skewed system data monitored through SCADA

Coordination of protection settings

WAMS: Motivation behind the technology

48 Necessitates Real time measurements and monitoring of Grid parameters to capture dynamic behavior for improved efficiency

Phase angle differences

SCADA vs. PMU

• Traditionally developed for

accommodating old information

technology regime (Slow

communication, data without

time stamp)

Network model

State Estimator

V KV

P MW

Q MVAR

Hz Hz

~

Open

Close

Close

Close

Several

Seconds

to a

Minute

milli

secs

to sec

• Made possible for all round

development in technologies

Enhanced Situational Awareness to Monitor & Control Health of the Grid

Grid Stress Phase Angular Separation

Grid Robustness Damping Status and Trend(s)

Oscillations Sustained oscillations High Mode Energy

Frequency Instability Frequency Variation Across

Interconnection

Voltage Stability Low Voltage Zones / Voltage Sensitivities

Angular Stability Power-angle Sensitivities, stability

Margin (s) “How far from the threshold value?”

PMU Technology

WAMS Technology

PMUs measure (synchronously):

• Voltages and Currents with Phase Angles

• frequency

• Rate of change of frequency

PMU data reporting rates:

• Data reported at 25 Samples per second

Router

Communication Equipment

PMU-1 CT / PT

PMU-2 CT / PT

PMU-3 CT / PT

PMU-n CT / PT

Control & Relay Panel

At Sub Station Control Room

WAMS Technology • WAMS (Wide Area Measurement System) means

Real Time, Synchronized Data Acquisition used to Dynamically Control, Monitor, and Manage Power Grid Network Performance.

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

PM

U

ALL LOCATIONS OF PMUS PILOT PROJECTS

Total no of PMUs - 60 Nos. (including 3 nos. PMU installed by IPPs) Region wise PMUs: NR - 14 Nos WR - 16 Nos ER - 12 Nos SR - 10 Nos NER – 08 Nos At present data from 54 PMUs are available at NLDC PDC. In addition to above data 9 PMUs installed as demo project is also available.

Experience from PMU Pilot Projects

The Synchrophasor data is currently being used in different regions for the following applications: Visualization of •Magnitude, angle of all three voltage/current phasor •Sequence components of voltage/current phasor •Frequency & Frequency difference •Rate of change of frequency •Angular separation between pair of nodes •1-phase auto reclosing in EHV transmission line •Subsystem synchronization during restoration by using standing phase angle separation and phase sequence •Forensic analysis of faults/grid incidents •Post Dispatch Analysis of Gird Operation •Detection and Analysis of Oscillations in Power System


• Inter area oscillations were observed, and were captured by the WAMS system of NR.

• The phase angle across nodes has helped in determining the stress in the grid and its

proximity to instability.

• On further analysis of frequency data, from PMU it has been experienced that difference in

frequency exist at different locations even in the synchronous system and this difference is

very pronounced during transients, tripping of generating unit or major load throw off

conditions. Such difference in frequency was not visualized through SCADA system due to 10

second data.

• High rate of change in frequency of the order of +1 Hz to 1.5 Hz were also observed during

initial fault period, which dies down after 100 to 120 millisecs.

•At 23:35:07 Hrs, 63 MVAR Bus-Reactor II at 400 kV Silchar(PG) was taken into service.

•Bus Voltage changed from 414 kV to 402 kV.

•Low frequency oscillations were observed in the NER PMU’s Voltage Plots.

Oscillations observed in NER PMU on 11.08.13

Reactor Switching

T=160 secs

R-Phase voltage of 220 kV Misa PMU

R-Phase voltage of 132 kV Imphal PMU

R-Phase voltage of 132 kV Badarpur PMU

SIMULATION STUDY RESULT(USING PSS/E) • The same event was analysed using PSS/E and results were found to be coherent

with PMU Plots.

Switching-on

of 63 MVAR

BR-II at

Silchar(PG)

Tripping of Doyang

U#2 (25MW) and 132

kV Dimapur –

Doyang II

MULTIPLE TRIPPING AT DADRI ON 24.09.13 • Due to bursting of 11 kV distribution Transformer ,3-Phase fault occurred in 400 kV Dadri-Muradnagar line.

• Further due to tripping of LT drives at 400 kV Dadri station Unit-4,5 & 6 tripped at Dadri Thermal Power station.

Voltage dip observed in all 3-Phases

COMPLETE BLACKOUT AT 220 KV SAMAYPUR(BBMB) STATION ON 16.09.13

SAMAYPUR(BBMB) STATION ON 16.09.13(CONTD.)

• On 23.09.13,at 1434 hrs, in order to de-synchronise the unit load of DSTPS(DVC)-U#2 was being reduced.

• The governor started hunting in this operation.

• To disconnect immediately, the operator initiated MFT (Master Fuel Trip) while the unit generation was around 120 MW.

OSCILLATIONS OBSERVED IN FARAKKA PMU ON 23.09.13

Oscillations of 0.5 Hz for 2 min. duration

Voltage Plot

Frequency Plot

Modal Analysis

Voltage Plot

ODISHA CYCLONE (PHAILIN) MONITORING

• Severe Cyclone Phailin near Gopalpur in Odisha on 12.10.13 evening.

• wind speed of 200kmph causing severe damage to the distribution network of

• PMU plots of Voltage & Frequency(captured by Talcher PMU)helped in monitoring the situation and taking necessary actions.

• Several spikes were observed in plots

Voltage Plot

Frequency Plot

df/dt plot


Trend Display of Current Phasor

Post synchronization experience in Indian

Grid (Insight - NEW & SR Grid

synchronization)

SPS operation During the Oscillation

Reason for SPS signal generation: Violation of 400MW/s limit on 765kV Solapur-Raichur ckt I power flow

• Effect: In WR

KSK back down by 126 MW JPL back down by 25 MW

In SR load shedding by 423 MW

Oscillation got damped after the SPS Operation.

Analysis of the Synchrophasor Data

For the purpose of analysis data divided into 2 parts:

Duration A-prior to SPS operation: 20:03:25.000-20:04:08.000 Hrs

Duration B-after SPS operation: 20:04:12.000-

Summary of Analaysis Duration A (20:03:25.000 Hrs – 20:04:08.000 Hrs)

Sr.

no. Signal

Mode 1 Mode 2

LFO

(Hz)

Dampi

ng

ratio

LFO

(Hz)

Dampi

ng

ratio

1 Frequency 0.235 0.0404 0.1908 0.0074

2 Vr 0.2254 0.0353 0.1900 0.0405

3 P 0.218 0.0578 0.1973 0.0649 Duration B (20:04:12.000 Hrs – 20:04:52.000 Hrs)

Sr.

no. Signal

Mode

LFO (Hz) Damping

Ratio

1 Frequency 0.205 0.034

2 Vr 0.2074 0.03764

3 P 0.212 0.0506

Mode propagation path Determination

Mode propagation path Based on Correlation

Observations

• Power flow variation on the link is bidirectional and is very sensitive to the changes occurring in either of the connected grid.

• Till 26-02-2014 , SPS linked with this link operated for 56 number of times.

• With SPS operation also the 0.2 Hz is observed in the NEWS grid.

• Damping time 0.2 Hz observed is in range of 20 seconds to 51 seconds.

72

Project : Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement Scheme –

Installation of PMUs at substations/generating stations and

PDCc at Load Despatch centres with associated facilities

Objective:To enhance situational awareness and visualisation

of power system state on real time basis for improved

operational and planning efficiency of the grid

Scope

i. Installation of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) [1186

nos.] at substations/generating stations of ISTS/STU

connected through OPGW network

ii. Installation of Phasor Data Concentrators (PDC) at

SLDCs/RLDCs/NLDC/NTAMC (34 nos.)

iii. Development of analytical software using PMU data in

association with IIT bombey.

URTDSM Project (Phase-I) Summary

URTDSM Project- PH-I (Consists of Two Packages)

NLDC

NRLDC

SLDCs Arunachal

Assam Meghalaya

Back up NLDC

WRLDC NERLDC NTAMC SRLDC

CS

ERLDC

5

13

Package 1

NLDC -2

RLDC – 3

SLDC - 17

NTAMC – 1

Station- 211

PMUs - 656

Package 2

RLDC – 2

SLDC – 9

Station- 140

PMUs - 530

9

36

SLDCs AP

Tamil nadu Kerala

Karnataka + 1

CS

16

47

57

178

SLDCs UP

Rajasthan HP

Uttarakhand Haryana

Delhi J&K

Punjab BBMB

CS

41

120

74

206

SLDCs West Bengal

DVC Orissa Bihar

Jharkhand

CS

31

79

51

202

SLDCs MP

Maharashtra Gujarat

Chattisgarh

CS

18

71

49

234

PG SS

Stn PMU

Data Flow

PMU PMU PMU

Strategic PDC Strategic PDC Strategic PDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC

ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC NERLDC

175

135

100 Plant/Sub

Station Level

Group of

Distt. Level

State HQ

Level

Region

Level

National

Level

220

NLDC NLDC

35

ms

PMU PMU

SKEW In ms

(communi

cation+pro

cessing)

30

Super PDC

at NLDC

Super PDC

at Back up NLDC


Super PDCs at five RLDCs

Master PDCs at SLDCs (25)

PMU -1

L-3 LAN Switch

PMU- n PMU -1

L-3 LAN Switch

PMU- n

Remote Consoles at

CEA (3)

Remote Consoles

at RPC (5), UT(3),

States(5)

PMU -1

L-3 LAN Switch

PMU- n

PMUs located at IPPs

across the Grid

PMUs located at State

Sector Substations PMUs located at Central

Sector Substations

Super PDC

at NTAMC

PMU-1

L-3 LAN Switch

PMU-n

PMUs located at

POWERGRID Substations

Master PDCs at Strategic

Location in State (1)

Comparison of scope with ULDC Upgradation Projects

ULDC Upgradation Project URTDSM Project

Technology SCADA/EMS & RTUs Synchrophasor technology (PDCs and Analytical Software & PMUs)

Major scope One region in a project involving 5 to 6 Control Centers

Nationwide Project in all Regions involving 34 Control Centers (NLDCs, RLDCs, SLDCs, NTAMC and Strategic location in State)

No of end point locations

Typically 10-15 for new RTUs Around 350 substations across India

No of end point equipment

Typically 20 RTUs 1186 PMUs

Data measurement Voltage, MW, MVAR Voltage, Current, Phasor Angle, MW, MVAR

Data reporting Every 10 seconds typical Every 40 milliseconds for 25 samples/s

Earlier experience ULDC Phase-I implemented and currently in operation.

First of its kind and size in the World. Implemented only few PMUs through pilot projects in India.

Major challenges • Integration of different Vendor subsystems.

• Very large Historian sizing in view of faster reporting data by PMUs

• Integration of Analytical applications being developed by IIT-Bombay

DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL SOFTWARE

• An MoU has been signed on with IIT Bombay for

Development of Analytical Softwares.

• A number of Software Analytical Functions have been identified based on the need of Indian Power Sector and with the help of the Panel of Experts.

– Vulnerability analysis of relay

– Dynamic/Linear State Estimator

– Supervised Zone-3 distance protection scheme to prevent unwanted tripping

– On line CVT parameter validation

– Emergency control schemes for controlling frequency and voltage instabilities

– Schemes for controlling angular instabilities i.e, out of step protection and adaptive islanding.

9/1/2016 78

Benefits of WAMS Technology in Grid Operation

In-depth insight in to Power System behavior & Elements

Brings efficiency in operation as well as economy .

This will enable efficient calibration of measuring equipment.

It would facilitate integration of large quantum of intermittent and variable renewable

generation into the grid.

Enables synchronous measurement of real time grid parameters across the widely

spread grid with low latency in data transfer to control centers which would be very

effective in reliable, secure and economical grid operation.

Provides more intelligent/dynamic information to Special Protection Schemes which

will be a step towards self-healing Grids.

Further the WAMS Data shall be used for Power System Planning and will help in

better planning of the Power System in the Country.

Benefits of WAMS Technology to the Society

The benefits of PMU / WAMS for the smart grid are

substantial. These benefits will result from improvements in

the following key value areas:

• Reliability — by reducing the occurrence of interruptions and

power quality disturbances and reducing the probability and

consequences of widespread blackouts

• Economy & Efficiency — Near capacity use of Elements & Grid

• Environmental — by reducing emissions by enabling a larger

penetration of renewable and improving efficiency of

generation, delivery, and consumption

Future Plans

• PMU Installation in next phase

• DSA at Main & Backup NLDC- National Level.

• WAMs Based Protection System (Subject to availability of Desired Communication Infrastructure).

URTDSM PHASE -II

SCOPE: •Installation of approximately 554 PMUs at Substations and Power

Plants

Installation of 11530 Km of OPGW and associated items mainly on

state/ other utilities lines

Installation of 326 nos. of SDH equipments and associated items at

substations and Power Plants

Installation of 215 nos. of Auxiliary Power Supply Equipments at

substations and Power Plants. The revised cost estimate is Rs.437.17 Crore at February, 2014 price

level. “…….for Phase II of URTDSM scheme, while granting in principle approval of PMUs,

CERC directed the petitioner to consolidate laying of Optical Fiber Cable

Communications with GSES and other communication requirement in consultation with

CEA before submitting the scheme to commission.”

NLDC-DSA • DSA shall help to increase the situational awareness regarding

the operational security and stability. It shall simulate electro-mechanical transients in power systems while performing system wide stability assessment. DSA shall be able to perform various analysis listed as below: – Voltage Stability Assessment – Transient Stability Assessment – Load Flow Analysis The system shall automatically recognize: – Voltage stability problems – Transient stability problems – Poorly damped power swings – Asset overloading The system shall be able to simulate the realistic contingencies/faults.

And it shall be possible to verify remedial measures such as additional load-generation shedding or topology changes to bring the power system back to operational security.

• POWERGRID established Wideband

Communication Network as a part of Unified

Load Despatch and Communication (ULDC)

Project comprising of Fiber Optic Communication

and Digital microwave Communication System.

• Fiber Optic Communication System was based

primarily on Aerial Cables i.e. OPGW cable and

few links on ADSS and Wrap Around Cable

technology.

• Majority of the installations of Aerial Cables was

carried out using Live Line Installation

Technique.

Wideband Communication

FOR SUPPORTING PRESENT POWER SYSTEM NEEDS

86

High Bandwidth

High Reliability

High Availability

Security of highest order

Least latency

SMART TRANSMISSION-COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

OPGW Implementing OPGW based Communication System under various project such as

Microwave Replacement Project (MRP), Fibre Optic Expansion Projects (FEP) and

other projects

Around 35000kms of OPGW under implementation

Around 65000kms of OPGW network to be implemented to meet the

requirement

COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT

Communication equipment with minimum bit rate of STM-4/

STM-16 is being implemented as part of expansion network for nodes falling in linear

section and ring network respectively.

Provision for both E1 & Ethernet interface in the OLTE equipment

Both equipment protection as well as path protection

NETWORK FOR FUTURE

OPGW based communication network best suited to

meet the communication requirement of Power System

Implementation of ring network wherever feasible

SDH based communication network to meet the

communication requirement of new technologies

Provision of both E1 & Ethernet interfaces

Ethernet based backbone with speed ranging from 1 to

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