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CONFIDENTIAL (^PROPOSAL FOR

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THE PLUMSTED WASTE DISPOSAL STIES

Trwnton, Now Joney

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666 Last Main Str««t MldcSetown, Now York

WE Proposal No. 7962/62362295 Oetabor 1982

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. PROPOSAL

for INVESTIGATION AND REMEDIAL ENGINEERING

of the PLUMSTED WASTE DISPOSAL SITES

MORTON-THIOKOL, INC. TRENTON, NEW JERSEY

WVs'WEHRAN B^GINffi?ING \A5 Conaiano Bngreen

\VAV-=7 ENGINEERING Y/ \ f Coslirg Cnqnoon

October 20, 1982

Mr. John Weingarten Manager of Purchasing Morton-Thiokol Specialty Chemicals Division 930 Lower Ferry &oad Trenton, New Jersey 08650

RE: Proposal for Investigation and Remedial Engineering of the Plumsted Waste Disposal Sites (WE Proposal No. T562/92362295)

Dear Mr. Weingarten:

It is our pleasure to submit the above referenced proposal for serving as Morton-Thiokol's technical consultant in addressing the inactive waste sites in and around Plumsted Township, New Jersey.

A pivotal aspect of this undertaking lies in the need to gain authorization from DSEPA and NJDEP for Morton-Thiokol to spearhead the site cleanups. It is our belief from pest experience that EPA.'DEP would prefer this approach. The oueial factors in their decision to allow Morton-Thiokol to undertake the Investigative and remedial actions will be their confidence in Morton-Thiokol and the credibility of its chosen consultant.

We believe that Wehran Engineering's experience and capabilities in hazardow waste site investigation and remediation are well respected by EPA and DEP alike. Our work in the areas of waste site investigation and remediation with industry in New Jersey has led to the development of a good working relationship with the key regulatory persons within Region 11 USEPA and NJDEP. With our work in the area restricted to the industrial sector, Wehran Engineering brings no potential conflicts of interest to the project. We pride ourselves on being e consultant to industry in these matters.

We appreciate the opportunity of submitting this proposal and would welcome an opportunity to present our technical approach and qualifications in person at your convenience.

Very truly yours,

WEHRAN ENGINEERING CORPORATION

Robert D. Mutch, Jr., P. E. Senior Vice President

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item Wo. Description Page Number

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1

2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH 2-1

2.1 Gain Authorization from DEP/EPA 2-1

2.2 Data Acquisition 2-4

2.3 Prepare Investigative Plan 2-5

2.4 Phase I Investigation 2-7

2^4.1 Geophysical Techniques far Cost-Effective 2-8 Site Investigations

2.4.2 Reducing Clean-Up Costs by Identifying 2-10 Contamination Zones

2^3 Environmental Risk Assessment 2-11

2.4^ Analytical Detection and 2-14 Monitoring Approach

2.4.5 Field Analytical Methods to Optimize 2-16 WeS Placement

2.4.6 Ooeae Farm 2-16 2.4.6.1 Background 2-16 2.4.6.2 Phase I Investigation 2-17

2.4.7 Spence Farm 2-2u 2.4.7.1 Background 2-20 2.4.7.2 Phase 1 Investigation 2-21

2.4.8 Pi)ak Farm 2-24 2.4.8.1 Background 2-24 2.4.8.2 Phase 1 Investigation 2-25

2.4.0 Friedman Property 2-29 2.4.9.1 Background 2-2S 2.4.9.2 Phase I Investigation 2-29

2.4.10 Hopkins Farm 2-33 2.4.10.1 Background 2-33 2 '..10.2 Phase 1 Investigation 2-33

2.4.11 Graval Pit, Hawkins Road 2-37 3.4.11.1 Background 2-37 2.4.11.2 Phase 1 Investigation 2-37

CORRECTION

The preceding document(s) has been refilmed to assure legibility and its image appears

immediately hereafter.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item No. Description Page Number

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1

2.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH 2-1

2.1 Gain Authorization from DEP/EPA 2-1

2.2 Data Acquisition 2-4

2 J Prepare Investigative Plan 2-S

2.4 Phase 1 Investigation 2-7

2.4.1 Geophysical Techniques for Cost-Effective 2-8 Site Investigations

2.4.2 Reducing Clean-Up Costs by Identifying 2-10 Contamination Zones

2.4^1 Environmental Risk Assessment 2-11 k 2.4.4 Analytical Detection and 2-14

Monitoring Approach

2.4.5 Field Analytical Methods to Optimize 2-16 Well Placement

2.4.6 Goose Farm 2-16 2.4.6.1 Background 2-16

t 2.4.6.2 Phase 1 Investigation 2-17

2.4.7 Spence Farm 2-20 2.4.7.1 Background 2-20

• 2.4.7.2 Phase I Investigation 2-21

2.4.8 Pijak Farm 2-24 % 2.4.8.1 Background 2-24

2.4.8.2 Phase 1 Investigation 2-25

, 2.4.S Friedman Property 2-29 2.1.9.1 Background 2-29 2.4.9.2 Phase I Investigation 2-29

* 2.4.10 Hopkins Farm 2-33 2.4.10.1 Background 2-33 2.4.10.2 Phase I Investigation 2-23

I .

3.4.11 Gravel Pit, Hawkins Road 2-37 i 3.4.11.1 Background 2-37 I. 2.4.11.: Phase 1 Investigation 2-37

TABLE OF CONTENTS, page 2

Item No. Description Page Number

2.5 Issuance of Phase I Report 2-41

2.6 Phase D Investigation (if warranted) 2-43

2.7 Issuance of Phase II Report 2-43

2.8 Cast-Benefit Analysis 2-44

2.9 Select Mitigative Program 2-47

2.10 Conceptual Design 2-49

2.0 QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE 2-1

2.1 Projeet Team 2-2

2.2 Waste Site Investigation 2-4

2.2.1 BydTogealogic Investlgatiora 2-5

2.2.2 Environmental Risk Aasessraant 2-8

1U Data Management and Computv Modeling 2-9

2.2.4 Safety Programs 2-10

2.2.5 Analyses 2-11

2.3 Cost Benefit Analysis 2-12

2.4 Land Disposal Engineering 2-18

4.0 SCHEDULE 6-1

5.0 PROFESSIONAL PEES 5-1

5.1 Alternative No. 1 5-1

8.2 Alternative No. 2 2-1

8.2 Alternative No. 3 2-2

TABLE OP CONTENTS, page 3

APPENDICES Appendix A - Resumes

Appendix B - Projects

Appendix C - Clients Appendix D - USTCO's Capabilities and Quality Assurance Plan

LBT OP PIQURES Following Page

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3-4 Figure 1 - Typical Zones of Contamination

Figure 2 - Project Team Management

Figure 3 - Project Schedule 4-1

LBT CP TABLES

Table 1 - Shape's Landfill

Table 2 - Plasti-Clad Metal Products

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3-15

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This proposal for "Investigation and Remedial Engineering of the Plumsted Waste Disposal Sites" has been prepared in response to written invitation from Morton-Thiokol dated September 13, 1982. In accordance with the pre-proposal meeting of October 4, 1982, the proposed work includes investigation and development of remedial engineering plans 'or as many as six inactive waste sites in and around Plumsted Township, New Jersey. These facilities inelude:

1. Goose Perm 2. Spence Farm 3. Pijak Farm 4. Friedman Property 5. Hopkins Farm 6. Gravel Pit, Hawkins Road

Many of the sites have been subject to limited hydrogeologic investigations and, in the case of Goose Farm, partial remedial action. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the New Jersey Department of Envrionmental Protection (NJDEP) have prepared a scope of services for investigative and feasibility studies on Goose Farm, Spence Perm, Pijak Farm, and the Friedman Property. These scopes of services are intended to be used to solicit bids from contractors to undertake the work under Joint auspices of USEP A/NJDEP •

As requested by Morton-Thiokol, three alternatives have been considered in this document. Alternative No. 1 provides Morton-Thiokol with the estimated cost of complying with the USEPA/NJDEP scope of services for Goose Farm, Spence Farm, Pijak Farm, and the Friedman Property. Alternative No. 2, upon which particular attention has been given in this document, provides Morton-Thiokol with Wehran Engineering's recommended approach to investigation and remedial design of these same four sites. Alternative No. 3 parallels Alternative No. 2 and includes a recommended course of action for the Hopkins Farm and the Hawkins Road Gravel Pit.

This document is structured in the following manner. The first section comprises our technical approach wherein a task by task description of our recommended approach to investigating and undertaking remedial design work in connection with Goose Farm, Spenee Farm, Fijak Farm, and the Friedman Property (Alternative No. 2) is presented. Our technical approach to Hopkins Farm and the Hawkins Road Gravel Pit are also included therein, representing Alternative No. 3. Following the Technical Approach section, we have presented the firm's and assigned personnel's qualifications in the various areas Of expertise attendant to this potential project. In addition to the general qualifications of the firm, we have highlighted the firm's specific expertise in the areas of: waste site investigation, hydrogeologic investigation, data ma:iagement and analyses, cut benefit analysis, and land

disposal engineering. A schedule for performance of the work is presented in Section 4.0 of

this proposal. The estimated cost for each alternative is included in Section 5.0. Lastly, the appendices of this document include resumes of key project personnel, descriptions of past projects, US Testing's laboratory capabilities quality assurance plan, and a listing of Wehran Engineering's past end present clients.

1.0 TECHNICAL APPROACH

2 1 GAIN AUTHORIZATION PROM USEPA/NJPEP1

As understood from our previous discussions, it is Mortom-Thiokol's wish to wrest control over the Plumsted site investigations and remedial actions from TJSEPA and NJDEP, recognizing that it would then be in a position of acknowledging responsibOity for the conditions at the four sites with the possible legal ramifications. It should be noted that at this Juncture w. are unaware of whether or not there were other contributors of waste to the sites besides Morton-Thiokol or in what way the sites may have been permitted.

Pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, whenever a hazardous substance or poJluUnt is released or where there is a substantial threat of such a release into the environment which may present an Imminent or substantial danger to the public health or welfare, the president can remove the material or arrange for removal of the material or permit the responsible party or parties to effect remedial action relating to the hazardous waste or substance. This Act also provides authority for the federal government to enter into eoopertive agreements with the states in order to have the states assume the responsibility of supervision of the hazardous waste sites. Where the responsible party or parties does not assume the costs of cleanup, the expense is shared by the Federal Government and state in question.

It has been federal policy to encourage responsible parties to voluntarily abate or clean up various sites around the country with either state or federal enforcement actions as a last resort. However, it should be recognized that if rhlte monies are expended in a ciean-upT the Peder -Government has the ability to recoup its expenditures, plus seek additio

civil damages. Besides the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

and Liability Act, the Plumsted sites would fall under the New Jersey Spill Compensation and Control Act. This Act states that whenever any hazardous substance is discharged, the Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) may, at its discretion, act to remove or arrange for the removal of such discharge or may direct the discharger to remove, or arrange for the

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removal of, such discharge. Any discharger who fails to comply with such a directive is liable to the State of Hew Jersey in an amount equal to three times the cost of removal. This Act also holds the persons causing the discharge strictly liable for the costs of removal without regard to fault. It should be noted that the use of the word -discretion" gives wide authority to the NJDEP to have the clean-up done under its supervision through the initial expenditures of public monies. Although the state can permit the party responsible for the situation to do the remedial work, there is no provision which obligates the state to first determine whether the party responsible is willing to do the clean-up or whether the state must assume this obligation,

at least initially. It is evident that both the USEPA and NJDEP are currently marshalling

their facts in order to send out proposals for bid for the site investigation and remedial action required at the four subject sites. Of course, this information could also be used in the preparation of any enforcement actions and/or suit for both damages and clean-up costs. The enforcement actions and/or civil actions for clean-up costs could be undertaken by the aforenoted agencies jointly or separately.

If Morton-Thiokol has determined that it has the legal obligation to abate the conditions at the four sites in question, then Morton-Thiokol must move expeditiously in selecting a consultant and gaining control over the site clean-ups. Obviously, if the government does the clean-up work, Morton-TWokol will have no role in controlling costs or in insuring that the remedial plan selected is the most cost-effective method of dealing with site condtions. Put another way, Morton-Thiokol must change its posture from one of reacting to the government to one of assuming control of what is to be done at the various siteu

In order to attain this control, Morton-Thiokol and its selected consultant should immediately arrange to essMBiatovB*** with the key personnel at tne NJDEP and USEPA who are involved with the four Plumsted sites. It is our recommendation that the first meeting be held with representatives of the USEPA, since they will be funding the lion share of any clean-up costs until reimbursement. The company will have to state its

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position that it would like the opportunity to have its designated consultant perform the necessary site investigation work leading to the formulation of a remedial plan which, of course, would have to be approved by both the USEPA and NJDEP. Obviously, both Morton-Thiokol and the consultant will have to work fairly closely with both regulatory agencies in order to insure that whatever program is embarked upon has the approval of the reviewing agencies.

In essence, Morton-Thiokol's ability to turn around the current situation and be permitted to become the lead agent in the clean-up of the sites will ultimately rest on Morton-TWokol's showing of good faith and the credibility of the consultant. If the government agencies feel confident in the abilities of the consultant, they will be more willing to relinquish fccntrol over the four sites. The consultant's credibility will be based on recognized ability for work on this particular area as well as the relationship established through working with the two agencies on other problenj. In this regard, it should elso be noted that there are many sites, both in New Jersey as well as the metro region, which require abatement action and that the USEPA can best expend its resources by supervising clean-ups done by non-governmental entities in lieu of direct involvement in the process.

Assuming a positive reaction from USEPA on Morton-Thiokol assuming dean-up responsibilities, a meeting would then be scheduled almost immediately with representatives of the NJDEP in order to accomplish the same purpose, Le., control the situation and get a green light for Morton-Thiokol assuming dean-up responsibilities. It is our opinion that these meetings should initially be separate in order that the representatives of the USEPA and the NJDEP not have the opportunity to show which agency is the toughest in this situation. It goes without saying that if the separate meetings are successful, the follow-up meetings could be joint meetings or meetings with the NJDEP assuming that the USEPA assigns the NJDEP primary jurisdictional responsibility.

Assuming success, Morton-Thiokol, concurrently with the consultant's site investigation. wQl have to explore certain legal issues concerning the fact that the sites in question are not owned by Mcrton-Thiokol and.

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detailed investigative plan. The data envisioned by Wehran Engineering to be accessible would be general geologic reports, topographic mapping, regional and local hydrogeologic data, and previous investigations.

2.3 PREPARE INVESTIGATIVE PLAN After completion of Task 2.2, wherein the extent of all previous

investigative work has been assimilated and a field reconnaissance completed, Wehran Engineering would prepare an investigative plan. The investigative plan would be presented to Morton-Thiokoi for review and approval prior to its submittal to USEPA and NJDEP for their concurrence.

Although site-specific geologic/hydrogeologic conditions would dictate the eventual scope of the investigation, the fundamental objectives do not significantly vary. The objectives of a typical hydrogeologic investigation performed by Wehran Engineering are as follows:

c

1. To perform an investigation of sufficient scope to accurately define the native of the geologic materials beneath the site; the occurrence, direction, and rate of contaminant migration and ground water flow; and other site-specific factors critical to development of remedial action alterantives.

2. To prepare e detailed hydrogeologic report sufficient to provide e basis far subsequent east-benefit analysis and engineering designs.

For this type of investigation, Wehran Engineering recommends a phased investigative approach. Phase 1 would be designed to identify and evaluate the extent and rate of migration of contamination within the hydrogeologic regime. Data would alao be developed sufficiently to allow an environmental risk assessment to be performed, as well as to enable conceptual remedial design alternatives to be evaluated via the east/benefit analysis approach described in Seetion 2.8.

Wehran Engineering's field Investigations ere invariably focused upon defining potential engineering solutions. As such, the program is assembled with the input of the project engineers who will be eherged ultimately with

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the task of preparing an efficient, cost-effective engineering design. This approach maximizes the utility of the data gathered and eliminates the potential for accumulating superfluous data, which, though it may be of interest to the academic community, has no bearing on the problem at hand.

Wherever feasible, Wehran Engineering's design philosophy is to make fun use of the favorable aspects of a particular site's geologic/hydrogeologi c setting in the final design, whether it be for a new secure chemical waste disposal facility or an abandoned hazardous waste site. Accordingly, the Phase 1 hydrogeologic investigation must thoroughly define, as a maximum, the site stratigraphy, the subsurfaee configuration of geologic units, and the permeabilities of the encountered geologic materials. Once a coherent hydrogeologic model is established, engineering solutions which harness the site's natural —can be conceptually designed and evaluated in terms of their percent abatement and total east.

The Phase 3 investigation commonly euualats of additional, more precise of the geologic/liydrogeoiogic conditions, focused upon a narrowed field of potential remedial approaches. We have found the phased approach to be particularly cost-effective for we on sites requiring some form of remedial action. The cost saving is achieved primarily because auperfluow data is eliminated. Per example, at a particular site, numerow options are commonly available for mitigative engineering, such as site grading or capping, subsurfaee ground-water cutoff, waste excavation, or ground-water recovery and treatment. Prior to the Phase 1 investigation, the effectiveness of a particular strategy cannot be defined either with regard to potential environmental abatement or cost. A complete initial investigation of sufficient scope to allow final design of each of the above options would in i mm HI fly be very extensive. However, if capping above would reduce the problem to acceptable levels, for example, then resources expended in performing sophisticated aquifer tests for e ground-water recovery and treatment system would be wasted. With the phased approach, on the other hand, the initial investigation serves to provide a basis for evaluation of mitigative alternatives, and the second phase, If warranted, eonfirnis the conceptual accuracy of the selected option for final design.

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Development of the Investigative Plan would be performed in close coordination with Morton-ThiokoL. In addition, our experience has shown that a well-conceived plan that both parties are comfortable with is the easiest to present to the regulatory agency. Moreover, such a plan implies ho committment by Morton-Thiokol to a particular remedial strategy. Instead, the selection of a mitigative solution can be performed in an atmosphere of reason and scientific inquiry, supported by pertinent and valid technical data.

As a part of the overall investigative plan, Wehran Engineering would develop and prepare a site safety plan for each of the six sites. These plans would be developed and based upon the following criteria:

Evaluation by our safety experts of all existing laboratory data '

for each site.

On-site air monitoring utilizing the Century Organic Vapor Analyzer and the HNV Photoionirwtion Analyzer.

P-r-frg* collected from site surveys will be used to establish levels of protective equipment that will be required during the investigative phase.

After complete review of the above oiteria, a written safety plan wm be prepared for an personnel conducting en-site activities at the various locations. The safety plans will contain the necessary information required to conduct site operations in compliance with State and Federal Occupational Safety Requirements. Wehran Engineering is capable of providing all of the necessary safety equipment including monitoring equipment, protective clothing, respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus, and decontamination equipment.

G> n

8.4 PHASE 1 INVESTIGATION Upon approval of the investigative plan by US EPA and NJDEP, Wehran

would proceed with the actual field investigation. A preliminary Phase I

H

investigative (dan for each of the six sites has been described in Sections 2.4.6 through 2.4.11. To ovoid redundancy, since many of the investigations are quite similar to one another, a discussion of the general approach to the investigations is provided herein initially, followed by the detailed site-by-site description of the preliminary investigations. The preliminary investigations described in Sections 2.4.6 through 2.4.11 mey be sealed baek as the full extent of prior investigative work is brought to^ light in Task 2.2 -Data Acquisition.

The svowed purpose of the hydrogedogic investigation is to define the nature, extent, and rate of contaminant migration and to evalute the environmental risk, if any, posed by the occurrence of such contamination. A typical Wehran Engineering investigation addresses the above concerns by utilixiag both innovative and standard, time-tested field techniques. The latter include, of eowee, the drilling of test borings and the retrieval of standard split-spoon and "wdisturbed" aoD samples to define the nature of the aits stratigraphy and the thickness and continuity of geologic units. Selected boring are typically completed as piesometers end/or monitoring wells to characterize the hydrogeologic regime and to allow retrieval of water quality samples. Laboratory "undisturbed" and in situ permeability tests are pert and parcel of a typical Wehran Engineering investigation, and ellow calculation of volumes cf flow and rates of migration. In areas where the Wtallow stratigraphy is of concern, standard beeidwe test pit excavations are extensively utilised and provide e cost-effective means of subsurface exploration.

2.4.1 Gouuliviieal Techniques for Cost-Effective Site Investigations The east of a standard investigation (U^ test borings, wells) eon

quickly become prohibitive in the she en re of e clear picture of potential contaminant sources or migration routes. Accordingly, geophysical techniques that ean detect, for example, the presence end extent of a contaminant plume or the Vocation of btried drums ean be invaluable. The techniques which may have some applicability to the Piumsted sites inchade the Earth Resistivity Survey, the electromagnetic conductivity survey, proton precession magnetics, end ground-penetrating radar.

The complementary use of the Earth Resistivity Survey (ERS) with conventional well drilling can often result in considerable cost savings over the "brute force" approach of gradually defining the areal extent of the plume by successive installations of monitoring wells. The basic prerequisites for application of the technique to plume delineation are that:

1. Sufficient contrast exists between the electrical conductivity of contaminated and uncontaminated ground waters, and that

2. The geology is sufficiently uniform to minimize masking of the plume as the result of natural variations in the apparent resistivity of the soil.

An ERS is often initially undertaken in hopes of depicting, at least preliminarily, the likely areal extent, and to some degree, the vertical extent of contamination in the aquifer. Both "sounding" and "profiling" surveys would typically be imdertaken. The sounding swvey is accomplished by progressively expending the probe spacing to direct the electrical uutimils deeper into the earth. From this procedure, it is sometimes possible to define the vertical extent of contamination. Its principal pwpose is to select one or mare probe spedngs far the profiling survey. In the profiling nivey, readings are taken at numerous sites within the suspected zone of plume migration employing one or more constant probe apaeings. In this manner, it is often possible to progressively define the plume, since it is not uncommon for there to be an order of magnitude difference between the measured "apparent resistivity" within end outside the plume. We have used this technique with success on numerous sites.

The electromagnetic conductivity technique is similar in both theory and application to the earth resistivity technique. EM conductivity is, in feet, simply the inverse of the resistivity and is subject to many of the aer-.e limitations, eg., the potential contaminants must impact directly or indirectly upon the conductivity of the ground water, and sufficient contrast must exist between contaminated and uncontaminated waters. Advantages to the technique include its ease of opera.'on (one-man units are available) and

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the continuous nature of data collection (allowing "walk-over" surveys to be quickly and economically performed). In addition, given sufficient contrast, the EM conductivity can be used to evaluate conditions at greater depths than can the earth resistivity technique.

Proton precession magnetics and ground penetrating radar are useful primarily for identifying areas where drums may have been buried. The depth of penetration using these techniques is, however, rather limited.

The aforementioned geophysical techniques are often employed during the initial stages of an investigation to identify the most appropriate locations for the installation of monitoring wells, this avoiding what ean be a "hit-or-miss" exploration program.

1.4.2 Bedu'-iwff Ciean-Up Costs bv Identifying Contamination Zones When liquid waste or drums of liquid waste are deposited in waste

IHir-Til sites similar to the Plumsted sites, the waste liquids migrate vertically downward through the unsaturated zone, coating soil grains in their passage. Figure 1 depicts a typical cross section of contaminant migration. Sod has a certain capacity to attenuate or hold a certain amount of waste liquid as a pellicular film on the individual soil grains. If the amount of waste exceed the adsorptive capacity of the sod in the unsaturated sone (Zone 1), the waste liquid will reach the ground-water table.

Reaching the ground-water table, the waste liquid will do oho of two things, depending upon its specific gravity. If the waste liquid has a lower specific gravity than water. It will tend to float on the ground-water table and will migrate slowly downgrade en t atop the water table and any capillary •one that might exist. If the waste liquid has a higher specific gravity than water, it will begin to sink below the ground-water table, continuing to coat the sod grains below the sone of satu-ation. The heavier-than-water waste liquid will continue to sink through th- water table, edtering to the grains of soil untd such time as the total adsorptive eapecity of the sod in Zone 2 is sufficient to prevent further spread of the waste liquid. If the amount of waste liquid exceeds the adsorptive eapecity of the soQ within the aquifer beneath the point of release, the liquid may begin to accumulate at the base

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TONS I - MIL CONTAMINATION, UNSWUNATEO IONE JSE 1- SOIL CONTAMm-r-ON, SATURATED TONE ZSNE 3-GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION

PIOURE 1

TYPICAL ZONES OF 90IL AND GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION

BENEATH A WASTE DISPOSAL SITE

" ^ Z O O I N J D HHYJ 3S003

•paniTI Rur^q luonnoop aql jo Aijiimb aqi

01 OTip f| u'mjioii "T'P umjl xpojo 8B»i bj nojoq ftSpmj on J »<|1 JI .MUCIN

of the aquifer and move laterally atop the underlying aquitard, accumulating in depressions which may exist. Throughout this process of attenuation of waste liquids, ground water and infiltrating precipitation will percolate through Zones 1 and 2, leaching contaminants from the contaminated soils. This dissolved contamination will then move with the flow of ground water leading to the often wide-spread Zone 3 contamination.

The importance of the above described flow mechanics is that adequate delineation of die zones is vital to design of a cost effective ground-water decontamination program. Decontamination of Zones 1 and 2 requires considerably more effort per cubic foot of aquifer than does Zone 3. In Zooe 3, the aquifer contains only low levels of dissolved contamination and this contaminated ground water can be flushed from the aquifer with one or two pore volume exchanges. In Zones 1 and 2, however, a considerable amount of contaminant has been held in the soils as a pellicular film. For many wastes, it may require anywhere from 10 to 30 pore water exchanges before this contamination is removed from the aquifer.

Identifying the presence and araal and vertical extant of the various acncs makes it possible to provide a 'sanef ground water decontamination program which maximises the efficiency of contaminant recovery. For instance, a low-volume series of collector wells can be placed directly in or nttaoant to Zoos 2 areas. The well or wells would yield a low-volume, highly contaminated discharge which is usually mere amenable to treatment. Other high volume wells ean be placed out in the aquifer in Zone 3 to recover the dfrsolved contaminants in that cone. A mistake of many ground-water recovery programs is that they rely solely on wells in Zone 3 and, as a result, pump millions of gallons of pound water in an extremely eoetly attempt to gradually leaeh the contaminant out of Zones 1 and 2. Further, the resulting high-volume, low-eontamination discharge will '"y be more eoetly to treat.

2.4.3. Environmental Risk Amessmer.t It is not enough to merely describe the areal extent of the plume of

pound-water contamination, Its concentration of various constituents, and

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any other release of materials from the site. One must develop an understanding of the risk posed by the contaminant release to the public health and the environment in general to put the site in perspective. Granted no one likes the thought of chemicals in their drinking: water or in any area of their environment, but the fret is that many chemicals, even some of the man-made organic chemicals, have become pervasive in our environment. In New Jersey, for example, a DEP-issued report states that many volatile organ!cs are present in New Jersey ground waters as a result of volatilisation and subsequent aerial wash out. Wehran Engineering has, in one ease, actually measured levels of vole tile priority pollutants in rainfall as a means of establishing realistic background levels. Given these realities, risk assessment becomes an imumtial aspect of any waste site Investigation.

The risk associated with the migration of chemicals from a waste site depends on several dte pacific Med and waste specific factors. A knowledge of the ehemical identities and their toxicities, while necessary, most be complemented by information concerning chemical migration and ultimate concentrations at target receptor sites. Ham, a thorough risk aassssmant would reqvrire development and evaluation at data and estimates far several components including:

Identity of the potentially hazardous chemicals Toxicities - "acceptable expoeires* Migration pathways Release rates Transport ptnnamai Attenuation proeaaeas

AcMarption Decay

Bioeoneantratlon and bio magnification Sensitive receptors

Aquatic Terreetriel Human

Ml

Clearly, a detailed risk assessment can become an enormous task and is often replete with uncertainties and data gaps. Also, it is necessary to not only be able to define the existing risk but also to predict risks associated with various remedial options. This typically requires use of mathematical models of transport and fate of chemicals in air, surface water, and ground­water systems.

Fortunately, however, there are several mitigating factors which enable risk assessment techniques to provide a powerful tool in the identification and set""*'"" of appropriate, eest-effective remedial measures. In the first place, precise prediction of environmental concentrations are rarely needed. Estimates obtained using relatively simple predictive tods are often adequate for a "first round" risk assessment. In fact, a very limited assessment can often rule out some options and narrow the selection process. At this point, remedial options can be ranked according to east and groas percent abatement in terms of the water balance. Far example, we may show that Option 1 reduces leachate generation by SO percent and coats X dollars, it may be the ease that another option reduces leachate generation by 99+ percent and coats T dollars. Typieally, there will be yet additional option which raflnrn leachate generation by values in the range 00 percent to 09 percent with costs in the range of X to Y dollars.

At this point, the desirability and utility of performing mere detailed risk assessments for the various options ean be evaluated. To use an oversimplified example, if 90 percent leeehete abatement wOl coat 91,000,000, while 09+ percent abatement ean be achieved at a east of $1,900,000. It may be coat-effective in the long run, given the coat of additional studies, meetings, public hearing*, and potential litigation, to terminate the assessment and proeaed with the 99+ pereent option. However, it is typieally the ease that there is e vest diminishing of returns es the remedial measures beeome more end more effective. For example, the 90 percent option may still cost 91,000,000, but the 99+ percent option may coat 910,000,000. In this ease, e more detailed look at the risks associated with the 90 pereent and higher pereent options is in order.

9-13

Each site will have its own hydrogeologic setting with chemical migration pathways and potential exposure levels. Wehran Engineering recommends that risk assessment techniques be utilized in a cost-effective manner on a case by case basis. Should the need arise to perform more extensive and sophisticated assessments, Wehran Engineering's team has the full capabilities to carry out the assessment. Wehran Engineering will advise Morton-Thiokol on the extent and desirability of risk assessment to achieve cost-effective goals on a site-by-site basis.

2.4.4 Analytical n»««w»tion and Monitoring Approach The acquisition of chemical data, suitable for use in hazard evaluation,

is critical to any uncontrolled waste site investigation and remedial action program. A major objective is the design and implementation of a sampling and analysis strategy which provides these dete in a cost-effective manner. Wehran lim't approach combines indicator analyses, together with analyses for key specific chemicals, in a phased implementation to optimize resources and provide information concerning the following:

Which madia are contaminated - soils, ground water, sediments, surface water? What is the extent (geographical) of the contamination? What is the magnitude of the contamination?

The first two questions can typically he answered by indicator analyses such as pH, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) and comparisons to background values. Cost-effective information concerning the presence of organic contamination can be provided by TOC end COD aralyses and total response organic OC scans, e.g. total volatile organies (purge and trap GC witl FID), total halogens ted organies, ete. Typically, It is necessary to add heavy metals to the list as well. There are no good surrogate analyses for heavy metals however, so that specific metals must be determined.

Once the effected media and geographical axtent have been determined, mare specific analyses can be performed to identify the

2-14

hazardous constituents. For example, it may be the ease that 15 monitoring wells or piezometers have been installed in the vicinity of an uncontrolled waste area known to have received organic solvents in bulk or contaminated form. All wells can be sampled and analyzed for total vblatCe organies together with other common indicators such as pH, conductivity, and TDS. The results may show that seven wells have a total volatile organic response greater than some level of concern, say 20 ppb. These wells can be resampled to determine the specific solvent present. This could result in the identification of methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, and other volatile organies at much tower levels. In this way, the contaminated wells are identified without the overcommitment of resources which results from runing full GC/MS or priority pollutant tests oo all wells.

Finally* — wipitwg and analytical programs can be designed with • knowledge of the relative mobilities of the contaminants of interest. Mobility considerations are especially pertinent to the design of long-term monitoring programs. Bare it is nacamary to monitor wells out of the plume and hy*aulically downgredient to the tits to provide information uuuuerning plume movement. The boat choices are thaee parameters which have a high mobility in the system being considered. Again, it is not naeeaaary to monitor the out-of-plume wells to the seme degree as thaee in the plume. A few indicators eon be watched to determine when and if the out-of-pUane walto become contaminated. Once contamination is detected, the monitoring can become more extensive as needed.

to summary, it is recommended that the investigation incorporate a planned approach to sampling and analysis as follows:

Phase I - Determine affected media and extant of contamination using indicators. Phase n - Determine data needed for hazard evaluation and remedial action determination. Typically mora apceific analyses will be required to this phase. Phase m - Design long-term monitoring following remedial action implementation (revert to indicators out-of-plume end reduced list in-plume).

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2.4.5 Field Analytical Methods to Optimize Well Placement As a further measure to optimize well placement and thereby reduce

the number of wells necessary to fully delineate the plume of ground-water contamination, analysis of selected key indicator parameters would be made in the field. These analyses would be done immediately following well construction. In this way, the water quality information can be used to select the location for the next well, and so on. In essence, we would be able to "feel" our way across the suspected area of the plume, knowing when we are in and when we are beyond the plume. This procedure minimizes the number of wells necessary to delineate the plume, since each subsequent well's placement is founded upon a progressively clearer picture of subsurface conditions. The %rute farce" procedure of constructing a series of wells at prescribed locations followed by laboratory analysis is invariably more costly and leas efficient.

In light of the value of wastes present in the Plumsted sites, field ats of chlorides, epeciflc conductance, and pH would likely all be

P O" Z ft ? r r. o K ft H >- H S ft O w-•s ^ c r. S s »

0 r* r •— ft ** ft ft r+ ft. • b 7 • c H- a e

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2.4.6 Gooee Farm 2.4.6.1 Goose Farm Background

Gooee Farm is an abandoned 1.5-eere waste pit excavated in local aand deposits tat a rural, wooded, wetland area in Plumsted Township, New Jersey. The site is presently owned by Joe and Marlai Louie of Trenton. Field Investigation by NJDEP and US EPA have revealed contamination of soil, ground water and surface water at this site. The Gooee Farm Site is located off Route 538 approximately one mOe north of the intersection of Routes 539 and 426 in Plumsted Township, New Jersey.

Disposal of bulk liquids, lab packs, and hummed materials including benzene, toluene, and phenols have caused this site to be considered an environmental and public health threat by OSEPA and NJDEP. The main danger from the site is the possible contamination of the Vincentowr. Aquifer, e major water mpply aquifer for the area. Hydrogeologic studies have been conducted, and there err 22 existing monitoring wells on-site. Surfaee contamination has been leaching into Lehawey Creak, a tributary to Croaswieks Creek and the Delaware River.

2-16

o -n

•.C-

f y r

Partial daan—tips, including the ran oval of 4f500 drums, have been conducted using state and federal emergency finds. In addition, a federal enforcement action lies been filed and is currently pending.

2.4.6.2 Preliminary Outline of Phase I Investigation - Goose Farm Site

Task 1 - Wen Construction It has been estimated, based upon the extensive previous investigations

of the site by NJDEP, that only three additional wells should be needed to determine the possible presence of contaminants in the deeper Mount Lairel-Wanooah aquifer. The wells would be constructed under the continue, atqtcrvision of a ground water hydrogeotogist or geologist Cram Wehran Engineering. Split-spoon aamplnn would be taken at minimum five foot intervals, and continuously at key intervals in the Mburface. The wells themselves would consist of two-inch PVC easing with factory slotted PVC well screens. Solvent-based ghae would not be mad in their euuali action. Bach wdl would bo carefully grouted and seeled to minimise or prevent Intaroquifer water auhange.

Teak 2 - 8ofl Sampling In — » with the recommendations outlined In Section 2.4.2 of

tMa document, son *"T""f would bo oonducted to identify the extent of ft—— x and 2. If f-—e bockhoe would be used to excavated the pits and permit collection of the soQ samples. If the depth ettainahle by the bockhoe is insufficient to fully delineate Zonei 1 end X, e mill rig would be wad to supplement the beckhoe. Samples would be preserved following BPA protocols far preparation and chamieal analysis. An sampling and/or mming equipment would be scrupulously cleaned between test pits or borings and Individual l to prevent moos contamination. It is estimated that 20 exploratory test pits (or shallow borings) would bo neeoasary to Identify the extent of ZOOM 1 end 2. As many as 20 individual son samples for ohamleal analysis would be collected.

2-1?

Task 3 - Ground Water Sampling Ground water samples would be collection from the estimated three

new wells constructed as part of this program and ten of the 22 previously contracted NJDEP wells. The wells would be sampled following all

EPA protocol for sampling and chain of custody procedures. In all individual bailers would be dedicated to each well to prevent cross

contamination.

Task 4 - Surface Water Sampling Surface water temp'** would be collected on two occasions: during fair

weather conditions, and during a precipitation event of sufficient intensity to produce surface water runoff from the site. The samples would be taken at four locations: up and downstream on the adjacent creek, and up and downstream of the creek's intersection with CroaswieJCs Creek.

Task S-Surveying A topographic map of the site would be prepared by field survey means.

The map would bo prepared at an appropriate scale with a minimum of two-foot contour intervals. In addition, the precise location and elevation of all walls existing en the rite and any other points of particular concern to the project would bo located. Approximate property lines would also be plotted on the map.

Task 6 - Water Level Monitoring" During the course of the field investigation, ground-water levels would

be very precisely measured on several occasions In all of the wells. All measurements would taken with. respect to the top of the easing and established to an accuracy of 0.01 foot, in addition, staff gauges would be set in the adjacent stream or any other surface water bodies, end water elevations at these locations would also be determined. This combined information would be used to establish ground-water flow directions and the relationship between ground water and surface waters.

2-18

Task 7 - Analysis of Soils. Ground Water, and Surface Water In keeping with the discussion presented in Section 2.4.4, the Phase I

analytical program would include the following-.

Soils Extract and analyze for:

Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Be, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, Th, Zn) PCBs Total response - kalogenated organies (would pick up chlorinated pesticides)

Ground Water pH (in-aitu) Conductivity (in-eitu) Temperature (in-situ) IDS Total rasponss - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals Qb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, CT, Co, Pb, Bg. Hi, Se, Ag, Th, Zn)

Cyanide

Surfaeejfater pB (in-eitu) Conductivity (in-eitu) Temperature (in-situ) Dissolved uxygen Redox potential Totel response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and linking water metals Qb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ml, Be, Ag, Th, Zn)

S-19

Phenols Cyanide

Depending upon the findings of the Phase I analytical program, other parameters may need to be added to the Phase H program. For example, if PCBs are found in soil, they eould then be tested in ground water, surface water, and sediments. The same holch true for pesticides (total halogens ted organics), if found in soils. It may be necessary to determine phthalates (bese/neutral extra dab les) in contaminated wells.

2.4.7 Spcncc Farm

2.4.7.1 Spence Farm Backxruimd Bpenee Farm is an Inactive 12-ecre site in a raal terming area of

Plumstod Township, New Jersey. The site is presently owned by Mr. Dayton Hopkins. It is located east of Moor chouse Rood and North of County Boots 428, and tnrtnrtrn parts of lots 10,14, and IS in Block 74, as Identified on the Plumstod Township Zoning Map. The site borders a wooded swamp with a free flowing stream near the dump.

From approximately 1961 through 1967, drums and Urea flowing liquids, pesticides, known and suspected carcinogens, hsleganated hydrocarbons, PCBs, phenols, pesticides, argsnic solvents, and oil sludges were bmiod at the site. Drums are scattered on the surfeee of the site. Field investigations by state and federal officials have documented the presence of hazardous and toxic chemicals in the sou, swamp sediment, standing water, surfeee water, and ground water.

Limited hydrogeologie invaatigatiens have been conducted at the aite. There are currently ten wells on-site. 8pence Farm Is located near the junction of two unnamed tributaries to Cross wicks Creek, which is e tributary of the Delaware River. The main danger from this aite is tbe contamination of underlying Vinesntown Aquifer, a highly utilized formation.

Litigation to recover eventual eloen-up oosts from Marton-TMokal and Dayton Hopidns is pending.

2-20

2.4.7.2 Preliminary Outline of Phase I Investigation - Spence Farm Site

Task 1 - Earth Resistivity Survey An earth resisitivity survey (ESS) would be performed to help delineate

the areal and vertical extent of any plume of ground-water Contamination. Using this technique, as described in Section 2.4.1. the placement of wells can be optimized. The ESS can also assist in identifying subterranean areas of waste disposal. Although not specifically identified at this time, other techniques can bo used in confirmation of the ESS if waste boundaries remain AnCitfn] These techniques include ground penetrating radar or remote sensing.

Task 2- Well Construction It has been estimated, based upon the extent of the previous

investigation by KJDEP, the geology at the area, and Wehran Engineering's experience, that the extent of the plume can probably be tu&y delineated with seven more propitiously placed wells. Three of the wells would be set in the deeper Mount Lawel-Wcnanab aquifer to allay the agencies' concerns about its ir—"*1- contamination. The wells would be constructed wider the continual supervision of a ground water hyOogeologist or geologist from Wehran Engineering. Split-spoon samples would be taken at minimum five-foot intervals, and continuously at key intervals in the subsurface. The wells themselves would consist of two-inch PVC easing with factory alrtted PVC well screens. Solvent-based glue would not be wed in their construction. Each well would be earefully grouted and sealed to minimise or prevent intera quit er water exchange.

Task 3- Soil Sampling In accordance with the recommendations outlined In Section 2.4.2 of

this document, soO sampling would be conducted to identify the extent of Zones 1 and 2. If possible, e backhoe would be used to excavate the pits and permit collection of the aoQ samples. If the depth attainable by the backhoe

' is insufficient to fully delineate Zones 1 and 2, a drill rig would be wed to

2-21

supplement the baekhoe. Samples would be preserved following EPA protocols for. preparation and chemical analysis. All sampling and/or drilling equipment would be scrupulously cleaned between test pits or borings and individual samples to prevent cross contamination. It is estimated that 20 exploratory test pits (or shallow borings) would be necessary to identify the extent of Zones 1 and 2. As many as 20 individual soD samples for chemical analysis would be collected.

Task 4- Ground Water Sampling Ground water samples would be collected from the estimated seven new

wells constructed as part of this program and five of the previously constructed NJDEP wells. The wells would be sampled following all applicable EPA protocol for sampling and chain of custody procedures. In all likelihood, individual bailers would be dedicated to each well to prevent eross contamination.

Task b- Surface Water Sampling Surface water samples would be collected an two occasions: during fair

weather conditions, and during a precipitation event of sufficient intensity to produce surfaee water runoff from the site. The samples would be taken at four locations: up and downstream on the adjacent creek, and up and downstream of the creek's intersection with Crosswiek's Creek.

Task 6 - Sediment Sampling Since many of the wastes reported to have been dumped at the Spence

Farms site have an affinity for soil and sediments, it is proposed that ten sediment samples be collected from the marsh area and the adjacent creek. The results of this sampling and a subsequent analysis will determine the extent to which contaminants have been attenuated with * the sediments, and what potential environmental and public health risks the\ present.

Tas»c 7- Surveying A topographic map of the site would be prepared by field survey means.

The map would be prepared at an appropriate scale with a minimum of tvo-

2-22

foot contour intervals. In addition, the precise location' and elevation of ell wells existing on the site and any other points of particular concern to the project would be located. Approximate property lines would also be plotted on the map.

Task 8- Water Level Monitoring During the course of the field investigation, ground-water levels would

be very precisely measured on several occasions in all of the wells. All measurements would taken with respect to the top of the casing and established to an accuracy of 0.01 feet. In addition, staff gauges would be set in the adjacent marsh, and stream and water elevations at these locations would be determined. This combined information would be used to establish ground-water flow directions and the relationship between ground water and surfaee waters.

Task 9 - Eewver * Tests Wehran Engineering, as part of its well construction and sampling

procedures, would, as a matter of come, perform recovery tests on all of the newly constructed wells and five of the previously constructed NJDEP wells. A recovery test involves the bailing of water from the well end measuring the time rate of recovery of the water level. This time rate of recovery, together w-.th the knowledge of the welTs geometry, allows for estimation of the soil permeability. The soil permeability is used in turn in calculating ground-water flow velocities.

Task 10- Analysis of Soils end Sediments. Ground Water, end Surface Water In keeping with the discussion presented in Section 2.4.4, the Phase 1

analytical program would include the following:

Soils Extract end analyze for:

Total response - volatile organi-s Priority pollutant and linking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ml, Se, Ag. Th, Zn)

2-23

PCBs Total response - halogenated organies (would pick up chlorinated pesticides)

Ground Water pH (in-eitu) Conductivity (in-si tu) Temperature (in-si tu) TOS Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Se, Kg, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

Surface Water pH (in-si tu) Conductivity (In-situ) Temperature (in-si tu) Dissolved oxygen Redox potential Total response - volatile organics Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Se, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols

. Cyanide

2.4.8 Pilak Perm

2.4.8.1 Piiak Parm Background Pijak Farm is an inactive one-acre site in a rural farming area of

Plumsted Township, Hew Jersey. The site Is presently owned by Stanley Pijak, who purchased it from Dayton Hopkins after the dumping had ceased.

2-24

State inspections have indicated the presence of contamination of soil, surface water, ground water, and air. The site is located west of Fischer Road and south of County Route S28 in Plumsted Township, New Jersey.

During the 1960s, disposal of drums and free-flowing liquids, including known and suspected carcinogens, halogenated hydrocarbons, PCBs, phenolic compounds, and pesticides, have caused this site to be considered an environmental and public health threat by USEPA and NJDEP.

The main danger from the site is the possible contamination of the Vincent own Aquifer, a major water supply aquifer for the area. Ground­water monitoring wells at the site have shown contamination, but there have been no hydrogeologic studies. There are four existing wells at the site. The site is bordered on two sides by creeks which converge to form Storey Ford Brook, which is a tributary to Crosswieks Creek.

Litigation to recover eventual clean-up costs is pending against Morton-Thiokol and Dayton Hopkins, who have been identified as responsible parties.

2.4.8.2 Preliminary Outline of Phase I Investigation - Piiak Farm Site

Task 1 - Earth Resistivity Survey An earth resisitivity survey CERS) would be performed to help delineate

the areal and vertical extent of any plume of ground-water contamination. Using this technique, as described in Section 2.4.1, the placement of wells can be optimized. The ERS can also assist in identifying subterranean areas of waste '"y*"1 Although not specifically identified at this time, other techniques car. be used in confirmation of the ERS if waste boundaries remain doubtful. These techniques include ground penetrating radar or remote sensing.

Task 2- Well Construction It has been estimated, based upon the extent of the previous

investigation by NJDEP, th* geology of the area, and Wehran Engineering's experience, that the extent of the plume can probably be fully delineated with eleven more propitiously placed walls. Three of the wells would be set

2-25

in the deeper Mount Laurel-Wenonah aquifer. The wells would be constructed under the continual supervision of a ground water hydrogeologist or geologist from Wehran Engineering. Split-spoon samples would be taken at minimum five-foot intervals, and continuously at key intervals in the subsurface. The wells themselves would consist of two-inch PVC casing with factory slotted PVC well screens. Solvent-based glue would not be used in their eonstruetior. Each well would be carefully grouted and sealed tr

minimize or prevent interaquifer water exchange.

Task 3- Soil Sampling In accordance witn the recommendations outlined in Section 2.4.2 of

this document, soil sampling would be conducted to identify the extent of Zones 1 and 2. If possible, a backhoe would be used to excavate the pits and permit collection of the soil samples. If the depth attainable by the baekhoe is insufficient to fully delineate Zones 1 and 2, a drill rig would be used to •ipplement the beckttoe. Samples would be preserved following EPA protocols for preperation and chemical analysis. All sampling and/or billing equipment would be scrupulously Cleaned between test pits or barings end individual samples to prevent cross contamination. It is estimated that 20 exploratory test pits (or shallow barings) would be necessary to identify the extent of Zones 1 and 2. As many as 20 individual soil samples for chemical analysis would be collected.

Task 4- Ground Water Sampling Ground water samples would be collected from the est! meted eleven

new well.' constructed as part of this program end the four previously constructed NJDEP wells. The wells would be sampled following all applicable EPA protocol for sampling and chain of custody procedures. In all likelihood, individual bailers would be dedicated to each well to prevent cross eon tamina lion.

Task 5- Surface Water Sampling Surface water samples would be collected on two occasions: during fair

weather conditions, and during a precipitation event of sufficient intensity to

2-26

produce surface water runoff from the site. The samples would be taken at five locations: up and downstream on the two adjacent creeks, and downstream of the confluence of the two creeks where they form Stoney Ford Brook.

Task 6- Surveying A topographic map of the site would be prepared by field survey means.

The map would be prepared at an appropriate scale with a minimum of two-foot contour intervals. In addition, the precise location and elevation of all wells existing on the site and any other points of particular concern to the project would be located. Approximate property lines would also be plotted on the map.

Task 7- Water Level Monitoring During the course of the field investigation, ground-water levels would

be very precisely measured on several occasions in all of the wells. All measurements would taken with respect to the top of the easing and established to an accuracy of 0.01 feet. In addition, staff gauges would be set in the adjacent marsh, and stream and water elevations at these locations would also be determined. This combined information would be used to establish ground-water flow directions and the relationship between ground water and surface waters.

Task 8 - Recovery Tests Wehran Engineering, as part of its well construction and sampling

procedures, would, as a matter of course, perform recovery tests on all of the newly constructed wells and the four previously constructed N JDEP wells. A recovery test involves the bailing of water from the well and measuring the time rate of recovery of the weter level. This time rate of recovery, together with the knowledge of the well's geometry, allows for estimation of the soil permeability. The soil permeability is used in turn in calculating ground-water flow velocities.

In keeping with the discussion presented in Section 2.4.4, the Phase I analytical program would include the following:

Soils Extract and analyse fort

Total i n iprimr - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Se, Ag, Th, Zn) PCBs Total iimpnnirr - halogenated organies (would pick up chlorinated

pesticides)

Ground Water pH (in-eitu) Conductivity (i»-situ) Temperature (in-situ) TD6 Total i aapiawn - volatile organies Priority pollutant and d-inking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Se, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

Burfece Water pH (ln-eltu) Conductivity (breitu) Temperetiwe (In-eitu) Dissolved oxygen f Redox potential Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinidng water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu. Pb, Hg. HI, Se, Ag, Th, Zn)

2-28

Phenols Cyanide

2.4.9 Friedman Property

l 4.9 1 Friedman Pmpertv Background

- -"~™ urr^:r Townamp. confirmed contamination of soil, ground water,

-- .<«. o-i* «-»«•«•— ^ .oT «-<—• rt •* »**»• "> <-ck»- -i w"™< ™"™i;

^rritTi. considered by OTEPA and MJDEP as an oneiroomontal and punu The site is < health threat. omT^, both of «Mdi

The site is located in edoee proximity to two trailer ?-»*•*» o ™ « « — - » » - « ™ » "

^ •), « bf both —* motblb ond b—bnlb —borlty

J3££T««— --- rr» nmzzz Which to a tributary to Lahaway Creek, Croaswt

Bieer.

2.4.9.2 Q»tU »>""1 Inventiiration - Friedman,

T—k i- Earth —ri^tritv Survey , t(% <jalin(1*t. resist tivity survey CEBS) would be formed to help delta-ate

th. —1 wrtleol «t«.t ot «, plo»- =' pro-*-"-- <—«»»•— ZZ

* tm —„ 4bo assist In identifying subterranean areas

——»>— -inr'toTo ...—* .*««- £2 doubtful. These techniques include ground penetrating raoer

sensing.

2-29

J

Task 2- Well Construction It has been estimated, based upon the extent of the previous

investigation by NJDEP (three wells), the geology of the area, and Wetoan Engineering's experience, that the extent of the plume een probably be fully delineated with ten more propitiously placed wells. Three of the wells would ^ , • be set In the deeper Mount Laurel-Wenonah aquifer, although an Intermediate -water-bearing sone between the upper water-table aquifer and the Mount Laurel-* enonah aquifer may exist. If so, it could be more appropriate to screen the deeper wells in that sone. The wells would be constructed under the continual supervision of a ground water hy*ogedlogist or geologist from Wehran Engineering. Split-spoon samples would be taken at minimum fWe-foot intervals, and continuously at key intervals in the wmsurfaee. The weds themselves would consist of two-ineh PVC easing with factory slotted PVC wed sateens. Solvent-based glue would not be tmed in their W«.U jction. p—K sron would be carefully pouted and aaaled to minimlxe or prevent

tntaraquifar water

Tmmk s- Sod Sampling In aeeor^nee with the reeommeodatione outlined in Section 1.4.2 of

this document, aofl sampling would be conducted to Identify the extent of Zones landS. If possible, a beekhoe would be mod to w-ivated the pits and permit collection of the sod samples. If the depth attainable by the beekhoe » ~ . «-• kn •*, fa Is insufficient to fully delineate Zones 1 and S, a *01 rig would be supplement the beekhoe. Samples would be preserved following EPA protocols for preparation and chemical analysis. All sampling and/or drilling equipment would be scrupulously Moaned between test pits or borings and Individual samples to prevent ores, contamination. It is estimated that SO exploratory test pits (or shallow borings) would be naoanary to identify the extent of Zones 1 and S. As many as SO individual sod samples for chemical

analysis would be collected.

a- Ground Water Sampling Oreund water samples would be collected from the estimated eleven

now weds constructed as part of this program and the three previously

S-SO

constructed KJCEP wells. The wells would be sampled following all eppUf^i» EPA protocol for sampling and chain of custody procedures. In ell likelihood, individual bailers would be dedicated to each well to prevent cross

contamination.

Task 8- Surface Water Sampling Surface water samples would be collected on two occasions; during fair

weather conditions, end during a precipitation event of sufficient intensity to produce surface water runoff from the site. The samples would be taken et four location: up and downstream on the adjaeent creek, nnd up and dowiBli earn of the creek's intersection with Croaswick's Creek.

Task 0-Surveying A topographic map of the site would be prepared by field survey means.

The map would be pi spared et an appropriate scale with e minimum of two-foot •— intervals. In addition, the precise location and elevation of an walk aadstiiv on the site and any other points of particular concern to the project would be located. Approximate property lines would also be plotted

en the map.

v- w.ter Level Monitoring Dwb« the course of the field investigation, grmmd-water levels would

be very precisely measured on several eeeasions in all of the wans. All measurements would taken with raapeet to the top of the easing snd established to an accuracy of 0.01 feet. In addition, staff gauges would be set In the adjacent stream, and water elevations et these locations would also be determined. This combined information would be used to establish ground­water flow dbeetione and the relationship between ground water and mmfaee

waters.

Task 0- Recovery Tests Wehran Engineerii^, as part of its well construction and sampling

procchrea, would, as a matter of course, perform recovery tests on all of the

Ml

newly constructed wells and the three previously constructed NJDEP wells. A recovery test involves the bailing of water from the wen and measuring the time rate of recovery of the water level. This time rate of recovery, together with the knowledge of the wen's geometry, allows for estimation of the son permeability. The soQ permeability is used in tern in calculating ground-water flow velocities.

Tasv Q- of Soils. Ground Water, and Surface Water In keeping with the discussion presented in Section 2.4.4, the Phase 1

analytical program would include the following;

Soils Extract and analyse for:

Total i eiijiimir - volatile arganies Priority pollutant and linking water metals ©b, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Be, Ag, Th, Zn) PCBs Total response • halogens ted crganics (would pick up chlorinated pesticides)

Ground Water pH (in-situ) Conductivity (in-citu) Temperature (in-situ)

. . TDS Total i aniiinan - volatile arganies Priority pollutant and *inldng water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Bg, Ni, 8a, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

Surface Water pH (in-eitu)

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Conductivity (in-situ) Temperature (in-situ) Dissolved oxygen Redox potential Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Be, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Se, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

'. i *

2.4.10 Hookins Farm

2.4.10.1 Hookins Farm Background Hopkins Farm is located north of Route S29 in Plumsted Township. It

Has in Lot • of Bloek 46. Little information apparently exists at this time as to the etmraeter of the site. Its proximity to the other sites leads one to

i that Its geology and hyckogatdogic conditions are very similar. In * the abaenee of information to the contrary, it has bean assumed that the

wastes disposed of at Hopkins Farm are the same as thoae fmmd at Goose J Farm and the other more extensively investigated sites.

I «! ,, 2.4.10.2 Preliminary Outline of Phase I Investigation - Hookins Farm

1 Task 1 - Earth Resistivity Survey ' An earth rasisitivity survey (ERS) would be performed to help delineate

tbe areal and vertical extent of any plume of pound-water contamination. Using this technique, as described in Section 2.4.1, the placement of wells oon be optimized. The ERS can also assist in identifying subterranean areas of waste ' Although not specifically Identified at this time, other

*4 techniques can be twed in confirmation of the ERS if waste boundaries remain doubtful. These techniques include ground penetrating radar or remote sensing.

,, Task 2- Well Construction " It has been w .treated, based upon an assumption that little or no

i

'• 2-23

previous investigative work has been undertaken, the-geology of the area, and Wehran Engineering's experience, that the extent of the plume can probably be fully delineated with 11 more propitiously placed wells. Three of the wells would be set in the deeper Mount Laurel-Wenonah aquifer, although an intermediate water-bearing zone between the upper water-table aquifer and the Mount Laurel-Wenonah aquifer may exist. If so, it could be more appropriate to screen the deeper wells in that sone. The wells would be constructed under the continual supervision of a ground water hydrogeologist or geologist from Wehran Engineering. Split-spoon samples would be taken at minimum five-foot intervals, and eontinuotBly at key intervals in the subsurface. The wells themselves would consist of two-inch PVC easing with factory slotted PVC well screens. Solvent-based glue would not be wed in their construction. Bach wall would be carefully grouted and sealed to

or prevent interaquifer water exchange.

Task 3- Soil Sampling In accordance with the recommendstians outlined in flection LU of

this document, nil sampling would be conducted to identify the extent of Zones 1 and 2. If p-—**1-, e beekhoe would be used to excavate the pits and permit collection of the soil samples. If the depth attainable by the beekhoe to insufficient to fully delineate Zones 1 and 1, e drill rig would be used to supplement the beekhoe. Samples would be preserved following EPA protocols for preparation and chemical analysis. All sampling and/or totlling equipment would be soupulotmly cleaned between test pits or borings and Individual samples to prevent cross contamination. It is estimated that 10 exploratory test pits (or shallow borii^s) would be necessary to identify the extant of Zones 1 and 2. As many as SO individual soil samples for chemical analysis would be collected.

m.gv A. r;round Water Sampling Ground water wp1*' would be collected from the estimated eleven

new wells constructed as part of this program and any previously constructed NJDEP walls. The wells would be sampled following all applicable EPA protocol for sampling and chain of custody procedures. In all likelihood,

1-34

individual bailers would be dedicated to each well to prevent eross

contamination.

Task 5- Surface Water Sampling Surface water samples would be collected on two occasions; during fair

weather conditions, and during a precipitation event of sufficient intensity to produee surface water runoff from the site. The samples would be taken at four locations: tip and downstream on an adjacent ereek, and up and downstream of the creek's intersection with the nest downstream creek.

Task 8-Surveying A topographic map of the site would be prepared by field survey means.

The —~T would be prepared at an appropriate scale with a minimum of two-foot contour intervals. In addition, the precise location and elevation of all web eaisting en the site and any other points of particular concern to the project would be loeated. Approximate property lines would also be plotted

en the map.

Tmatt 1- Water Level Monitoring Durixv the course of the field investigation, ground-water levels would

bo vary n snisslj icscsiirsrt on several occasions b) an of the wells. All measurements woidd taken with mpeet to the top of the easing and established to an aeemcy of 0.01 feet. In addition, staff gauges would be set in any adjacent water bodies, and water elevations at these locations would also be determined. This combined information would be used to establish groimd-wnter flow dteeetions and the relationship batwissn ground watsr and surfaee waters.

Task 0- Recovery Tests Wetvan Engineerii*. as part of its wall construction and sampling

prooedwas, would, as a matter of course, perform recovery tests on all of the nwwly oonstroeted walls and any previously constructed MJDEP wells. A

tast involves the belling of water from the well end meemrlng the

i-SS

time rate of recovery of the water level. This time rate of recovery, together with the knowledge of the well's geometry, allows for estimation of the soil permeability. The soil permeability is used in turn in calculating ground-water flow velocities.

Task 9- Analysis of S<ils. Ground Water, and Surface Water In keeping with the discussion presented in Section 2.4.4, the Phase 1

analytical program would include the following:

Soils Extract and analyze for:

Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Bg, Mi, Be, Ag, Th. Zn) PCBs Total response - halogenated organies (would pick up chlorinated parti ride a)

Ground Water pH (in-situ) Conductivity (In-eitu) Temperature (ln-situ) TDS Total raiponse - volatile organies Priority pollutant and linking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Be, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

Surface Water pH (in-eitu) Conductivity (ln-cttu) Temperature (in-eitu)

2-36

Dissolved oxygen Redox potential Total response - volatile orgastics

. Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Se, Ag, Th, 2n) Phenols Cyanide

2.4.11 Gravel Pit. Hawkins Road

2.4.11.1 Gravel Pit. Hawkins Road Background The Hawkins Road Gravel Pit, as one would expect, is located off

Hawkins Road in Plumsted Township. Little information apparently exists at this time as to the character at the site. Its proximity to the other sites leads one to conclude that its geology and liydrugeoiogic conditions are very timllar. In the absence of information to the contrary, it has bean assumed that the wastes disposed of at Hopkins Perm are the same as those found at On i mil Farm and the other extensively-investigated sites.

2.4.11.2 Preliminary Outline of Phase I Investigation - Gravel Pit. Hawkins/Road

Task 1 - Earth Resistivity Survey An earth resisitivity survey (ERS) would be performed to help delineate

the areal and vertical extant of any plume of ground-water contamination. Using this technique, as described in Section 2.4.1, the placement of wells ean be optimized. .The BBS can also amist in identifying subterranean areas of waste 1 Although not ^>edfieally identified at this time, other techniques can be tmed in confirmation of the ERS if waste boundaries remain doubtful. These techniques include ground penetrating radar or remote aonaing.

Task 2- Wall Construction It has boon estimated, based upon an assumption that little ot no

2-37

previous investigative work has been undertaken, the geology of the area, and Wehran Engineering's experience, that the extent of the plume can probably be fully delineated with 11 more propitiously placed wells. Three of the wells would be set in the deeper Mount Laurel-Wenonah aquifer, although an intermediate water-bearing none between the upper water-table aquifer and the Mount Laurel-Wenonah may exist. If so, it eould be mere appropriate to screen the deeper wells in that cone. The wells would be constructed under the continual supervision of a ground water hydrogeologist or geologist from Wehran Engineering. 8pllt spoon samples would be taken at minimum five-foot intervals, and continuously at key intervals in the subsurface. The wells themselves would consist of tw^ineh PVC easing with factory slotted PVC well t~~" Solvent-based glue would not be used in their construction. Each well would be carefully grouted and sealed to minimize or prevent

interaquifer water exchange.

Task 3-SoP Sampling to a ilsiir II with the recommendations outlined in Section 2.4.2 of

this document, soil sampling would ba conducted to identify the extent of Zones 1 and 2. If possible, a baekhoe would be used to excavate the pits and permit eolleetiao of the toil samples. If the depth attainable by the baekhoe to Insufficient to fully delineate Zones X and 2, a drill rig would be used to supplement the baekhoe. Samples would be preserved following EPA protocols for preparation and chemical analysis. All sampling and/or A-Qling equipment would be scrupulotdy cleaned between test pits or barings and individual samples to prevent cross contamination. It is estimated that 20 exploratory test pits (or shallow borings) would be not unary to Identify the extant of Zones 1 and 2. As many as 20 individual soil samples for chemical aralysis would be collected.

Task 4- Oround Water Sampling Grjund water samples would be collected from the estimated eleven

new wells eomtnietad as part of this program and any previoimly constructed NJDEP wells. The wells would be sampled following all applicable EPA protocol for samplfe* and chain of custody proeedires. In all likelihood.

2-28

individual bailers would be dedicated to each well to prevent cross contamination.

Task S- Surface Water Sampling Surface water samples would be collected on two occasions: during fair

weather conditions, and during a precipitation event of sufficient intensity to produce surface water runoff from the site. The samples would be taken at four locations: up and downstream on an adjacent creek, and up and downstream of the creek's intersection with the next downstream creek.

Task 6- Surveying A topographic map of the site would be prepared by field survey means.

The map would be prepared at an appropriate scale with a minimum of two-foot eontour intervals. In addition, the precise location and elevation of all wens on the aite and any other points of particular concern to the project would be located. Approximate property lines would also be plotted on the map.

Task 7- Water Level Monitoring During the eourse of the field investigation, growxJ-water levels would

be very precisely measured en several occasions in aD of the wells. AH measurements would taken with respect to the top of the easing and established to an accuracy of 0.01 feet. In addition, staff gauges would be set in any adjacent water bodies, and water elevations et these locations would also be determined. TMs combined information would be used to establish ground-water flow directions and the relationship between ground water and surface waters.

Task 0- Recovery Tests Wehrsn Engineering, as part of its well construction and sampling

procedures, would, as a matter of course, perform recovery tests on all of the newly ooritrueted wells and any previously constructed NJDEP walls. A recovery test involves the bailing of water from the wall and measuring the

MI

time rate of recovery of the water level. This time rate of recovery, together with the knowledge of the well's geometry, allows for estimation of the soil permeability. The soil permeability is used in turn in calculating ground-water flow velocities.

Task 9- Analysis of Soils. Ground Water, and Surface Water In keeping with the discussion presented in Section 2.4.4, the Phase I

analytical program would include the following:

Sons Extract and analyze far:

Total response - volatile orgnnies Priority pollutant and linking water metals (Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Mi, Be, Ag, Th, Zn) PCBs Total laaponaa - balogenatad organies (would pick up chlorinated pesticides)

Ground Water . pH (in-situ)

Conductivity (In-situ) Tempera tire (in-situ) TDS Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and linking water metals (Sb, As, Ba* Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Hi, Be, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

Surface Water pH (in-situ) Conductivity (in-situ) Temperature (in-situ)

2-40

Dissolved oxygen Redox potential Total response - volatile organies Priority pollutant and drinking water metals (Sb, As, Be, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu. Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, Th, Zn) Phenols Cyanide

2.5 ISSUANCE OF PHASE 1 REPORT Upon completion of the field investigation, the investigative report

would be prepared. A draft of this report would be submitted to Morton-Thiokol for their review and comment. The report would then be finalized for submittal to USEPA/N JDEP.

The objective of the report is to present the findings af the Investigation In an cohesive, understandable fashion, with a minimum of •teehniealase". The techniques available for analysis of the data are many. Perhaps the most important is accurate mapping of the encountered subsirfaee eorxfitions. Subsurface geologic maps which commonly are prepared include both structural eontow and isopachous (thickness) maps of significant geologic strata, a*., extensive clay or sQt layers which may offer potential for environmental control. In addition, ground-water contour maps of the encountered water-bearing zone or cones are prepared and are nad to define lateral directions," velocities, and volumes of flow. The above amps are then used to construct hydrogeologic cross seetions which depiet the critical third dimension of ground water/contaminant flow. For most investigations, one or more hydrogeologic sections are selected for conceptual flow-net analyses, this enabling graphical depletion of both lateral and vertical contaminant migration. Where conditions warrant, more sophisticated analyses utilizing digital computer modeling are conducted. However, computer techniques are generally of greater utility In the analysis of potential remedial options, particularly for alternatives that require ground-water recovery.

A typical hydrogeologic report •encompasses the following items:

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1. A sits description, including waste type(s), depth and method of emplacement, and past and present operational procedures.

2. A discission of the objectives and procedures of the

investigation. 3. A brief discussion of the regional geologic setting and the

geologic history. 4. A detailed description of the site geology as determined by the

hydrogeologic investigation, including sofl type, depth, and continuity of geologic units, as well as the results of any laboratory testing.

5. A detailed description of the subsurface hydrogeologic conditions the results of in situ and laboratory hydeulie

conductivity testing, the presence • and significance of equlfen/aqidtards, ground-water flow directions and velocities (both horizontal and vertical), interactions between surface and ground water, end water quality. The latter would include the probable extent of the contamination plumcts), if present, and the Ulcaty flow time from the waste disposal sitesfs) to the aquifer.

In support of the tart, Wehran Engineering typically would prepare a number of maps, cross sections, and tables. These graphic aids would include a location plan (1" • 2,0000, a detailed site map (1" » SO* or larger), s generalized geologic column, generalized and detailed geologic cross sections based on the exploratory borings and existing wells, and piezometrie/water table ww"*" maps of the encountered water-bearing zones. Results of the fi»M and laboratory hydraulic conductivity tasting would be presented in tender form, as would the ground-water alevation data.

The liyilr'Tt—''T4" report described above constitutes the data necaasary to make an Informed, dispassionate evaluation regarding the occurrence and significance of apparent ground-water contamination. The investigation and report address the following questions:

1. Has contamination, in fact, occurred? 2. What is the nature of contamination?

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3. How far has it travelled and in what direction? 4. How fast is it migrating? 5. Is it likely to persist, or will sufficient attenuation occur to

render it innocuous? 6. What are the likely impacts of the contamination on the ground

waters or surface waters? T. Does the contamination represent an imminent or long-term

threat to the public health or the environment in general? 8. Is remedial action warranted? If so, do the geologic conditions

offer potential for environmental control?

If warranted, the report would make recommendations for further Phase n investigative efforts. These recommendations would typically Involve refinements in the data base preparatory to design or analysis of alternatives shown through the Phase I work to be most appropriate. As with the report as a whole, those recommendations would be discussed with Marton^TMokol prior to release of the report to USEPA/NJDEP.

S.8 PHASE g WVESTIGATIOH (WWSnfhs t—• <«<g that the need far e Phase B investigation was identified in the

Phase I investigative report, Wehran Engineering would begin with the actual investigation foUowii* U5EPA/NJDEP approval. At this Juncture, it is not known whether such a Phase n investigation would be necessary or what It might an tail. Nonetheless, in the subsequent east estimates for the work, we have assumed, for the purposes of accurately reflecting the likely costs of the work to Morton-Thlokoi, that the Phase Q investigation would ontaO on expenditure of funds equal to a percentage of that azpended dm-ing the Phase I efforts. The percentage varies from saro to 25 percent and is indicated in Section 5.0.

2.7 ISSUANCE OF PHASE B INVESTIGATIVE REPORT Paralleling the procedures outlined in Section 2.5, the Phase B report

would be submitted to Morton-Thiokol for their review and eommant prior to its finalize tion and release to USEPA/NJDEP.

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2.8 COST - BENEFIT ANALYSIS Experience has shown that the costs of remedy programs «m be so

huge that consideration of costs and benefits becomes an indisputable necessity. Among other things, the cost-benefit analysis forces sn ^en-handed weighing of alternatives in terms of their projected degree of

abatement and inherent costs. This approach an often avert ™ headlong rush toward "100 percent" solutions and "zero discharge . Often

^Lr analysis, those lofty go*s may not be or potential public health or environmental impacts. In virtually all fields of

environmental control, an are- of "diminishing return" is reached as higher and higher degrees of abatement arc sought. Clean-up of waste disposal sites

is no exception. It is commonplace for coats to rise geometrically as

degree of abatement is pushed toward 95 or 99 percent. The objective of the

east-benefit mmly* is to -elect, in en .tmo-phere of «^«tific irxpdry «d mason, a remedial action program which adequately balances the need for

corrective action with the i

tnfrealatjQMhta with the Hffc^ologic Investigation to no other ere*, except perhapTim demgn, do the wlsa of the

hydrogeologist and onginaar intertwine to the extent they do in design or

remediation of weste disposal htes. The importance of this cannot be overstated. History has shown «• that without «Ms interrelationship we risk failure of remediation efforts and hence, further

the othrr end of the aeale, cverd-ign. Oth« dUdplinm

indispensable to the etudy of existing waste sites arc environmental chemistry and toxicology. It is not enough to describe the ar.4 extent.end

makeup of s plume of ground-water contamination or the water " Impacted surf.ee water body. It is Imperative that the -star qu it, deta be put in proper perspective, in terms of real or potential threats to pubUc liedth or the environment. Specifically. "Whet ere the toxicities of the

•re the potential routes of exposure to the weste constituents, if any. o

what degree win the constituents be attenuated within the eofl? Whet are

1-44

the rates of eont&minant decay?" These questions and others like them are vital to a full appreciation of the environmental and public health significance of the site's impacts and in evaluating the need for mitigative action.

Evaluation of Minimum Required Degree of Abatement In considering alternatives for any type of environmental clean-up or

control project, it is necessary to first identify the minimum level of control smight. This in turn requires that the objectives of the effort be defined. Is the abjective to maintain ground-water quality downgradfent of the facility at background levels? Or is the objective simply to control a plume's discharge to a receiving stream so as to avoid circumvention of stream water quality standards? Once the objectives are established, one can evaluate varioiB alternatives' ability (including the "no action" alternative) to meet this goal.

In maceration of this approach, left take the example of a waste site located alongside a creak. We can assume further that the ereak is a "gaining" creek and, as s result, all grot aid water contamination from the waste site ultimately discharges into the creek. In such a ease, the abjective af the waste site investigation and any mitigative work to follow may be to preeerve a certain water quality in the creek. (Actual examples of a similar native are presented subsequently.) Once the objectives ere quantitatively established, an area where the role of the environmental chemist is Indispensable, the next step is to define the level of waste site abatement necessary to achieve the objective. This abatement can take two forms: oontrol over further leachate migration from the site (EPA's "source control") or Clean-up of pest leachate discharges, pacifically the plume of ground­water contamination stretching between the site and the creek. In the ease of e site adjacent to a creek, in all likelihood the leg time between any reduction in leaehatr release from the landfill and a resultant beneficiation of plume quality reaching the creek would be relatively short. Consequently, evaluation of mitigative meamves would likely foots on control of leachate discharges from the landfill.

2-45

In the investigation of such a site, information would be needed to support development of the permissible discharge limitations of the plume into the creek. This requires a mass balance of the plume's assimilation into the creek. This mass balance would take into account:

The areal end vertical extent of the plume Its rate of migration Water quality in the plume Extent of contaminant attentuation in the soil through which the plume migrates Historic flow conditions and water quality of the creek

AH this information would be determined during the eourse of the typical hyih oncologic investigation described in Section 2.4. Historic flow conditions of many creels are available through the USGS and, in the absence of such information, data can be derived thorn comparisons to weeks having UMUM K—and ell Histological characteristics.

It becomes a relatively matter at this point to determine whet decree of leaehate discharge control (source control) is necessary to asnre maintenance of proscribed water quality in the creek. The cost effectiveness of varies* mitigative options can than be evaluated in a rational way.

Another example warranting illustration is the ease of an historic discharge of contamination from a landfill or lagoon resulting in a deterioration of ground-water quality. - It may be that further discharges have been curtailed (i.e., the landfill has been properly controlled or perheps the lagoon has been removed). The inevitable question arising is "Does the extent of contamination present in the ground water warrant remedial action?" And if ao, "How much?" Answering this question requires an understanding of the fate of the waste constituents tn the hydrogeologie regime. In addition to the conventional information developed in the hydrogeologie investigation, it will be necessary to predict the ultimate distribution of the constituents in the soil or aquifer before the concentration of the contaminants in ground­water levels are reduced to background levels. It wCi also be neeaaaary to

2-46

identify any discharge points from the aquifer which may be intersected by the plume before it is reduced to background levels.

Actual ease studies of cost-benefit analyses and decision making are presented in Section 3.3 of this document.

The completed cost-benefit analysis would be presented to Merton-Thiokol to review the options and collectively ehoose the most desirable. The east-benefit analysis would then be finalized with the recommendation and the reasons for its selection described.

2.9 SELECTION OF MmGATIVE APPROACH The completed cost-benefit analysis would provide Morton-Thiotcol with

a comparison of remedial alternatives evaluated in terms of degree of abatement and anticipated costs. At this point, it would be recommended that we hold one or more meeting wherein Wehran Engineering could present the available alternatives in more detail, and we can collectively discus the desirability of each alternative. It is, at this Jimetwe, that the specific preferences of Morton-Thiokol would come Into play. For sample, depending on the. particular financial statu at that time, Morton-Ttuokol might prefer alteratives which minimize initial capital easts and are more operationally intensive, alteratives which are capitally intensive and leave little or no long term operational costs, or an alterative which defers capital outlay for some period of time with minimal operational outlays in the interim. The following examples are presented to further elarify this point.

Reduced Capital Outlay. Operationally Intensive Alteratives Alteratives in this category would include measures for in situ

management of the waste. The in situ management might be achieved by e combination of subsurface cut-off wells, impermeable caps, and taeehatc collection facilities. Costs of in situ management approaches are usually only e small fraction of those for ex cava lion and off-site disposal of the waste. However, In situ management implies a long-term operations end maintenance cost associated with passible leeehete collection end treatment, continued and perhaps expended ground-water monitoring programs, and maintenance of the facilities.

2-47

napitni intensive. Low Long-Term Operational Costs In the ease of the Pliimsted sites, this category would include the waste

excavation and off-site disposal option. This approach involves the greatest initial capital outlay, but reduces or eliminates long-term financial

commitments.

Deferred Capital Outlays, Interim Control Strategies In this category, measures would be implemented which provide for

interim control of waste sites allowing for deferral of a capital-intensive alternative for some time. This alternative might specifically inelude interim ground-water recovery and hydrogeologic isolation of the site. Such an approach might be attractive to Morton-Thiokol, if for example, one or mere of the ether Plumsted sites are undergoing capitally extensive dean ops. In this ease, it might be desirable to defer ultimate dean-i* of e site for some time to reduce cash flow difficulties. Provided the interim atmrn afford the requisite ilimi nr of public health and environmental security, the regulatory agendas are often willing to aeeept this approach (after all, their own 311 Clean Water Act and 9m dean-up fund are often themselves depleted).

An of the successful use of this strategy is described in Section 3.3, the Plasti-Clad Metal Products ease. As described, Plasti-Clad Metal Products had discharged hesavalent chromium to an aquifer, causing the formation of an extensive plume of high level bexavalent chrome contamination. In view of the feet that Plasti-Clad Metal Products had limited financial resources to deal with the problem, Wehran Engineering developed a ground-water recovery and treatment scheme wherein the dean up of the aquifer would be extended ever a 10-year period. Although the USEPA would hove preferred a much shorter daan-up period, we were able to successfully argue that since all d-ring the 10-year dean-up further spread of the plume would be controlled, there was no reason for concern over the extended dean-up. In consideration of the limited financial wherewithal! of Plasti-Clad, USEPA agreed.

3-48

Once we had collectively agreed upon the remedial alternative, it would then be necessary to meet with the regulatory agencies, presenting them with the full cost-benefit analysis and our chosen alternative. A careful presentation of the reasons for our selection would then be made. It is critical that the concurrence of the USEPA and NJDEP be obtained, since their support will be crucial in any town meetings which arise to explain the remedial approach. This is particularly true in the ease where the chosen alternative is one which does net coincide with the public's desires, which invariably are for the excavation and removal of the waste and complete renovation of the aquifer. Wehran Engineering would be prepared to make presentations at any such town meetings, and has considerable experience in such matters.

2.10 CONCEPTUAL. nwar.H Following the hydrogeologic investigation, the east benefit analysts, and

finally, selection of the mitigative approach, conceptual design of the selected mitigative approeeh would proceed. Wehran Engineering's approach to a ilniiflTi of mitigative or remedial measures is to exploit to the fullest extent possible whatever beneficial aspects of the hytbogeotogic setting exist. For example, if a low permeability strata exists at some depth in the subsurface beneath the facility, It is often possible to capitalize on that occurrence to serve as part of the waste rite confining envelope, and in so doing, keep down the eeet of the overall mitigative program. Examples of this approeeh within Wehran Engineering's past projects are numerous. They include the remedial action designs for the Monroe Township Landfill, the Kinsley Landfill, the South Brunswick Landfill, 8hope*s Landfill, the Lone Pine Landfill, the Industrial Lend Reclaiming Landfill, the Edgeboro Disposal, Ine. Sanitary Landfill, the Global Landfill, the Norris Perms Landfill, and others. Each of these are described in Appendix P

In each cese, the mitigative or remedial aeti. ns were structured around the presence of e fortuitously situated low permeability geological stratum. The stratum naad not be nearly impermeable to be considered for incorporation in an overall approach. For example, in the ease of the Monroe

2-49

^ iw ^ cp as ft S T f l c fcw IS h- — 9 m c P-oe c rr C 9 P3 S © pw .. H> W B M

0 H> 8 it ret ft eei P H H H 9 * « H-9 » B & ft e pf

1 s Is

(ft W

Q -n

r

• a.

\

Township Landfill, a semi-confining stratum of moderate permeability was used to "key in" a subsurface cut-off wall. This was in opposition to the State's desire to have the cut-off wall keyed in at a considerably greater depth in a nearly impermeable strata. Flow net analyses were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design as recommended. The design was ultimately approved by the State at a savings to BF1 of over one million dollars in construction casts.

Another example of this approach wherein the natural advantageous aspects of the hydrageologic setting ere incorporated as pert of the remedial plan is where the prevailing hydraulic gradients and ground-water flow patterns are used to maximum advantage. An example of this is the proposed ground-water recovery program at the Plasti-Clad site (sec Case Study Number 2 in Seetion 3.3). One of the options proposed for the clean-up of the hexavalent chromium contamination at that site was to locate a single ground-water recovery wen at the extreme front at the plume, pump a minimum volume of ground water and allow the plume to gradually migrate into the cone at Influence of the pumping well wider the action of the prevailing hytfe-aulie gradient in the aquifer. The advantage of this approach is that it minimizes both the initial construction coats and annual operating coats, which were primary concerns of Plasti-Clad. Of course, the duration of the recovery program Is significantly increased ever most other options.

Still another example of the importance of optimally using what nature offers in the way of o hydrageologie setting is the identification of potential borrow areas for materials required for various remedial measures. Specifically, this may mean delineating potential areas where clay borrow soils may be mined, or where other materials are available such as sand, gravel, or top soQ.

Effective recognition end utilization of these aforementioned opportunities offered by the site's natural hydrogeologic setting lies L. the close working relationship of the hydrogeoiogist and land disposal engineer. Wehran Engineering has long recognised that there are few areas where this cooperation is more critical than in the upgrading and clean-up of waste disposal sites.

2-50

In the actual design of mitigative or remedial measures, as in the cost-benefit analysis, the emphasis is on the achievement of certain performance standards. Typically, the cost-benefit analysis will dictate the required degree of performance of the remedial action plan. It then becomes a matter Of engineering the plan to achieve that minimum degree of performance. Henee, in our waste site clean-up designs, we typically shun antiquated "rules of thumb" or design standards unless founded upon some merit. Following this more scientific approach, we avoid overdesign or underdesign. Where does this scientific approach apply in the day-to-day activities of designing mitigative and remedial actions? It comes Into play, for ezample, when deeding: "How thick should a subsurface cut-off wall be? How much separation should there be between the bese of the landfill and the ground-watm table? F»—the cutoff wall fuQy penetrate to the confining bed or would a partially penetrating eutoff wan suffice?"

AlUmgli bU the answers are not known regarding the facta** the performaee of verioim components of mitigative action plana,

the state-of-the-art has advanced to the point where designs can be baaed to a large dayca upon attainment of prescribed goals. This scientific approach avoids the adherence to sometimes meritlass rules of

Whieh often teed to overdesign and which stifle innovation. As with every other a^wct of the project, the Conceptual Design would

he m aaontort to Morton-TWokol for their review and eomment prior to its flnalization and submittal to USEPA/HJDEP. Once the conceptual design is approved, Wetan Engineering would proceed, at the direction of Morton-TMofcoI, to prepare more detailed plana for construction purposes.

1 Wehran's approach to this task was prepared in cooperation with Stephen L. Gordon Esq. of Beveridge * Diamond, an>•""ney with considerable experience in environmental law end with w^m Wehrenjuia SSkid on numercna disposal eases. We would highly ahould Mortor-Thiokol require the aaeistancc of an e^erieneed environmental rttorney.

1-51

3.0 qualifications

Wehran Engineering brings to this project tbe experience gained in more than one hundred landfill-related projects. Wehran Engineering's work in waste rite monitoring, investigation, design and remediation began in New Jersey the late 1960s, long before national attention was focused upon the problems of industrial waste disposal. Innovative techniques for minimization of leachate generation, subsurface cut-off walls, and leaehate collection systems were being incorporated in our plans as early as 1966. Host of the waste site designs developed during these 14 years were ultimately approved and the environmental controls constructed.

The emphasis of these designs has always been on ground-water protection and, consequently, the role of Wehran Engineering's Earth Science Group has been critical in addressing this most crucial aspect of a waste disposal site eiean-up. During this same period, the Earth Science Gretqp has expanded from essentially a one-man operation to its present size (eleven professionals). The work of the Earth Science Grxxg), like the firm as a whole, has focused almost exclusively on land based waste disposal sites and their real or potential impacts on ground water. It is our belief that the hyvlrug eulogists and ground-water hydrologists comprising the Earth Science Group collectively possess as deep an understandng of the relationships between waste sites and their hydrogeologic regimes as any group in the industry. Moreover, much of their experience has been in New Jersey and the waste plain province in particular.

Correspondingly, Wehran Engineerings land dispose] engineers in the

eewse Of those many landfill projects have developed en appreciation of the

unique problems and assets posed by solid wastes with respect to land

disposal. Their experience In the design and construction of remedial

ireasires such as impermeable eapa, subsurface eut-off walls, leachate

collection systems, excavation plans, and ground—water recovery systems has

provided them with an intimate understanding of "what will work" and "what

win not work" with raspeet to waste rtispocsl site claan-up. Since a majority

of the work has been for industry, often the commercial waste "*-[ 1

3-1

industry. eost-effeetiveness has always been a key ingredient of the upgrading projects. The firm has been on the -cutting edge" of the

connected with waste site investigation, design, and construction. Members of the firm are frequent speakers at seminars and conferences on hydrogeology and land disposal. Mr. Mutch, for example, is director of the "Land Disposal of Industrial Wastes" course put on by the Center for Professional Advancement in East Brunswick, New Jersey in July. He is also a regular lecturer in the areas of hydrogeology, landfill design and remedial measures in courses put on by Vanderbilt University, CECOS international, and an EPA Training course undertaken by the University of Arkansas.

j.1 project team The principal project team members assembled and committed to this

project, and high level technical support personnel to be *awn 190°* itrp*—in Figure 3. Resumes of the project team members, including support personnel, are included in Appoidix A.

The projeet - assembled for this project represents a unique blend at talents and capabilities wttfeh ere no turnery to prepare aaaaemments of Inactive waste sites. The Project cfireetor is Robert D. Mutch, Jr„ p.f,, u individual with a combination of extensive experience in both ground-water hydrology and land dUposal engineering—the critical aspects of alto evaluations. For mere than 10 years, Mr. Mutch has been almost cxehmively staged in the monitoring, bydrogeologie investigation, design of mitigative measures at land disposal sites, and the design of new, state-of-the-art hazardous and non-haxardous waste landfills. As Projeet Director, Mr. Muteh will have overall responsibility for the technical aeeuraey of the

and the progress and manpower committments associated with the project so that it may be completed on time and within budget. Mr. Muteh hn the power to commit the needed resources to fulfill the requirements of the contract and the authority to assign personnel. Further, Mr. Muteh will actually involve himself in the technical aq>ei*t. of the project, including negotiations with regulatory agencies.

>-2

The Project Manager for this project is Barry J. Cheney, P.E., a Senior Engineer who has served as Project Manager on numerous Wehran Engineering waste disposal projects. As such, Mr. Cheney will be involved extensively with the daily functioning of the project, coordinating activities between the various disciplines involved. Further, it will be his primary responsibility to communicate on a continuing basis with the elient- Mr. Cheney brings to this project, experience in negotiating with regulatory agencies and in activities related to public participation, specifically the presentation of project results to r1*"- bodies. Mr. Cheney has managed projects at Wehran Engineering with engineering budgets approeehing $500,000, and construction budgets in

excess of $3,000,000. The project t—« Is divided into four main areas, the first of whieh is

hydrogeology. This technical area has as its group leader, William 3. Siok. Mr. 8i«?w is a senior hyufrogcologist with Wehran Engineering, andpemeaaes .i.,—• jo yam of experience in Ma field, having performed hy*ogeologie evaluation for numerous pound-water contamination situation*. Mr. Siok will be assisted by two project leaden who will each be reaponeible for the activities at a minimum of two sites. Those Individuals are MiMwel Brother and William 8oukup, both senior hydrogeologists at Wehran Engineering with experience b> hyAogeologie field investigations and evaluations of waste

dteposal sites. The engineering technical area is lad by Gary DiPippo. P-E., a Senior

Engineer with 10 peers experience in engineering with much of it related to engineering design for remedial actions at waste di^oeal facilities. Included in Mr. DiPippo* design experience is the design for the Monroe Township, New Jersey landfill (see project description in Appendix B). In direct wpport of Mr. DiPippo are Axiz K. Mureebe, P-E- whose *wciality is the treatment of aqueous western C. Duane Seaman, Pi., whose specialty ineludes waste excavation, drum removal, and construction estimating; and Gregory W. Drubeck, P.E., whose specialty U geoteehnic-.l engineering. Both the engineering and hydrogeology support groupswill Include numeroiw mpport staff members who will perform much of the project work imder the direction

of the previously named individuals.

The toxicologic^ and environmental effects evaluation will be directed by Dr. James H. Clarice. Dr. Clarke win also be responsible for coordinating the requirements of this project with the analytical laboratory. As a consultant to Wehran Engineering. Dr. Clarice supplements and strengthens Wehran Engineering's own capabilities in the areas of environmental risk assessment and the fate of pollutants in the environment. Dr. Clarke is a

nationally recognized expert in these areas. The environmental laboratory selected for this project must possess

extensive experience in protocols and quality control associated with hazardous waste management facilities as they relate to EPA requirements. Further, they must be known and accepted by the State of Mew Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, and USEPA. Por these reasons, Di.Testing Laboratories of Hotooken, Mew Jersey has been selected to perform laboratory analyses for this project. The firm has worked directly for the State of Mew Jersey end USEPA In the pest (although not related to this project), and this its prooedmos have been accepted by both and mad in legal proceedings. This prior acceptance by the regulatory agencies than

it difficult for them to question the firm's proeeAres in protocol and

quality control. White not fully reflected in Figure 2, the pepaeed project teem is

aborted by numerous technical personnel. These personnel will be Involved In monitoring efforts, hydrogeologic investigations, sampling, and engineering design and evaluation. Included in Appendix A are the resumes of those individuals whose capabilities might be required by this project, and who are available through Wehran Engineering*

g.J WASTE SITE WVESTIOATIOHS The faet that Wehran Engineering has socialized for more then 14

years in the fields of solid and hazardous waste management has meant that waste site investigations have been and continue to be a key aw>«ct of Wehran Engine***'' work. Although the nature of hazardous waste sites dictates the scope of the Investigation, the hydrogeologic investigation is —.-ny the principal aspect of the investigation. The overall waste site

>-4

MORTON -THIOKOL CORPORATION

PROJECT TEAM MANAGEMENT

PROJECT DIRECTOR ROBERT 0. MUTCH JR.,RE SENIOR VICE-PRESIDENT

PROJECT MANAGER BARRY J. CHENEY, P.E.

SENIOR ENGINEER

ENGINEERING

G. Dl PIPPO, P E

GROUP LEADER

AQUEOUS TREATMENT

A K WURREEBE.PE.

WASTE EXCAVATION DRUM REMOVAL CONST ESTIMATING

C D SEAMAN,P.E.

HYDROG EOLOGY

W. J. GROUP

5I0K

LEADER

GE0TECHNICAL

GORUBACK.PE

M. BROTHER

PROJECT MANAGER

TOXICOLOGY

DR. J H.CLARKE

TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

W. SOI'KUP

PROJECT MANAGER

ENGINEERING S'JPPORT STAFF

HYDROGEOLOGY SUPPORT

STAFF

ENVIRONMENTAL

LABORATORY

SAFETY PROGRAM

K. BURGER GROUP LEADER

FIGURE 9

• n*. • r* i

10 0 W J 9 wmvj asooo •pwttj

luaonaop aqi jo XiTianb atp 01 anp aj lfaarioti «TH uvt|i .i»ap esai si «opq ailsmj Dill aip JPJDUON

Investigation embraces many other efforts. For example, a waste site Investigation will - often require some degree . of environmental risk assessment; data management or computer modeling; analyses of ground water, surface water, air, sediment, or soil; and in many cases, safety programs to protect the investigators and the surrounding ptddic. Wehren Engineering's qualifications in each of these areas is described herein.

3.2.1 Hvdrogeotogic Investigations Wehren Ei^ineeru^'s qualifications in the realm of hydrogeologic field

investigations are substantial. The firm's Earth Science Group consists of 11 geologists, ground-water hydrogeologists, or hy*ogeologists. The Earth Science Group has performed mare then 100 hyAogeologic investigations in a wide %>ectrum of geologic environments. Of particular relevance to this project is the fact that a eooaiderafala number of thaae 100+ waste site investigations have bean in Mew Jersey, including;

Lone Pine LandfPl Corporation, Freehold Penan Comity Landfill, hte^ Oeaar Comity BFI - Pe*iektown Facility, Podriektown BFI-South Brmwwiek Landfill, South Brmaiwtek BFI - Monroe Townalilp Landfill, Monroe Township ginhwr, Edaon Waste Disposal Inc^ Howell Township Kinsley Landfill, Dcptford Ptrkloxb Reclamation Projeet Landfill, Berdentown Bdgeboro Dlspnasl, Inc. Sanitary Landfill, Bast Brunswick C. Bgan R Sens and PtH Sanitation Landfill, North Arlington Coneolidatad Enterprises Landfill, Newark Landfill A Dsvaiopmant Company Sanitary Landfill, ML Holly L. E. Carpenter A Company, Wharton Industrial Lend Koctalming Landfill, Bdlaon Solvents Recovery Sei eluee of New Jersey, Under. Also Chemical Associates, Andover

3-5

Hawthorne Construction Company, Inc. Landfill, National Park Morris County Sanitary Landfill, Mt. Olive Chester Hills Sanitary Landfill, Chester Htmm Sanitation, Inc. Sanitary Landfill, Lafayette Amadei Landfill, Mullica Hill MAC Landfill, Deptford Global Landfill, Madison Sharkey Island Landfill, East Hanover ftp...Fibre, Ledgewood Plasti-Clad Metal Products, Inc., Wall Township

This experience in New Jersey has been a two-fold benefit to the Earth Science Grot*. Firstly, the Earth Science Group has developed en extensive and deep ipp—of the unique geologic character of New Jersey and in particular, the Tt—plain physiographic province of New Jersey in which the Plumsted sites are located. The wweialixed experience of the firm in rote Mte investigations is particularly meaningful Mnee It relates to the

impacts and totarrsaationships between waste sites and their respective hyAcgeclogic environments. In fact, a good deal of the firm's

has involved waste site investigations in the precise geologic formations in which the Plumsted sites are situated, namely, the Vineentown, Hornerstown, and Kirkwood formations.

Secondly, the Earth Science Group has dealt extensively with the USEPA and the NJDEP. In assisting industry with their hyGmgeologie-reUted dealings with EPA and NJDEP, it Is our belief that Wehran Engineering has developed an excellent working relationship with these agencies - a relatiorwhip based not upon rapid acquiescence to their demands but rather upon our dogged adherence to technical approaches we feel to be correct end

cost-effective. This broad base of professional experier.ee enable.? development end

implementstior of investigative programs of a oost-effactive, fast-track The extensive exposure to state-of-the-art remedial techniques that

are typically employed by Wehran Engineering's land disposal engineers allows

W

the Earth Science Group to quickly focus the design of the investigation on the areas which win provide the greatest potential for environmental control. In this manner valuable time, effort, and resources are directed at obtaining the data required to develop solutions, as opposed to the more academic approach. As indicated previously, the Earth Science Group's investigations have been almost entirely directed toward solid and hazardous waste disposal facilities. • ,

In addition to those investigations in New Jersey previously disci ward, the group has played an integral role in the development and eventual design of some of the mast prominent hazardous waste secure i»~win« in the country. These sites include the Model City, New York and Pinewood, South Carolina SGA Chemical Waste Service's sites and CECOS International's Pine Avenue site in Niegara Falls, Naw York. Wehran Engineering's Earth Science Group frequently ptowldes consultation to othar consulting firms. For eiample, Wahran Engineering was retained by Betz-Canvarse-Mwdoeh to parform the hyihugaologic investigation of the abandoned ABM-Wade hazardwn waste site en the Dalware Elver in Chester, Pennsylvania. Wahran Engl neei jug also has been ratainad for waste site investigations by such firms aa Camp, Draaaer, and McKeet Clark MeGlamon Associates; and BECKA

The Earth Science Group is committed to the incorporation of innovative technically amsid field and analytical techniques, whan they can be shown to be cost effective. Accordingly, the group has developed capabilities in geophysical remote sensing and fat computer modality of ground-water flow. These capabilities supplement, but cannot replace the standard methods of field data acquisition and analysis. In fact, they are dependant upon aueh standard techniques as well as construction and aquifer tasting and analysis. However, they aan, when properly utilized, WMWIM the coat ol a standard Investigation. Computer modeling, far example, can be invaluable fat evaluating potential aquifer response to ground-water recovery schemes. Without aueh e capability, comparison of several different pumping rates or varying the pumping well locations baoomas a laborious and expensive venture. Similarly, a contaminant plume that can be identified

using remote sensing techniques can be monitored effectively with the emplacement of a minimum number of strategically located monitoring wells.

In addition, the Earth Science Group has at its disposal, an array of sophisticated equipment for use in hydrogeologic investigations. Such equipment includes a Bison Model 235B Earth Resistivity unit; a Geonies Model EM-31 Electromagentic Conductivity Probe; peristaltic pumps; standard and centrifugal pumps and generators; PVC, copper, stainless steel, and teflon bailers in various diameters; NX and BX hydraulic pecker systems; organic vapor analyzers; portable field pH and electrical conductivity meters; and a substantial inventory of safety equipment.

'•2.2 Environmental/Public Health Risk Assessment The ability to convince the regulatory agencies and the public of the

adequacy of a chosen mitigative approach often Mages on the credibility of the environmental and health risk assessment work upon which the selection was based. Recognizing this fact, Wehran Engineering hes strengthened its own risk assessment capabilities by enlisting Or. James H. Clarke as a consultant. Dr. Clarke is a •' g1 r expert in the areas of environmental risk assessment and the fete of pollutants in the environment. He is well known within EPA, having trained many of their personnel in environmental risk assessment, and win greatly anhanee the credibility of the investigations and findings in the area of risk assessment. Dr. Clarke, a farmer Wehran Engineering employee, has worked with Wehran Engineering for years in hazardous waste site investigations. He is presently a vice president of AWARE Inc. in Nashville, Tennessee. He has participated in many of the coat-benefit and risk assessment analyses described within this document. His resume describes Ms qualifications in more detail.

In the event the risk assessment activities escalate into major efforts (the decision to undertake extensive risk analysis would be e ease decision made jointly by Wehran Engineering and Morton-Thiokol), Dr. Clarke would be aaaisted by the environmental scientists of Wehran Engineering and his firm, AWARE.

2-8

<».g a Data Managcmentand Computer Modeling Wehran Engineering's experience In waste site investigations hu

demonstrated that where a great deal of data is being generated, management of that data can become a tedious and ttme^oosummg undertaking. Computer storage and manipulation of the data can o ten a east-effective way to deal with the mass of data generated during the course

of many investigative and remedial efforts. The computing facilities located at Wehran Engineering's main office in

Middle town, New York are under the direction of Mr. William Soukup, with mpect to ground-water modeling and data management, and are the focal point of our computerized data mangcment and modeling capabilities. Mr.

has a Masters degree in hydrogeology and over six years of experience In the field of computer applications" to hy*ologie problems. Several of his reports have been published Including two CSGS Meter Resources Investigation which involved the modeling of pwund-wmter flow to Minnesota. The excellent training programs and computing facilities which were « Awing Ms four years with the V. S. Geologic Survey have prodded Mr. SoAop with e strong background in the computer hydrology

Odd. Our present hardware consists of e C. Itoh Electronics CIT 101 video

terminal and graphics board which facilitates data input, editing, and screen graphics generation. In addition, our Digital Equipment Corporation, LA-ISO printer, provides hard eopias at the 1200 baud rate, has graphics capabilities, and is fully compatible with the video terminal- Output can be reviewed for eontant and format en the screen and then -dumped" to the printer for

document generation. Software packages available from a number of our host computing

faculties ere currently being mad by our Engineering and Earth Sciences Ormgw. Mr. Soukup has recently compiled the USGS 2-D ground-water flow model on our boat system end intends to obtain additional Dow-net programs for me in on-goii* projects. The data management program is considered a state-of-the-art approach to the management of ell types of data. It has been specifically tailored to meet the input format and report generation

M

needs of ground-water monitoring data under the direction of Mr. Soukup. The result is a multi-faceted, highly flexible system which enables the

following advantages to be realized:

Data is stored in a non-redundant format for easy access by all of the programs and procedures in the system. Extensive editing will be accomplished before the date enters the

data base. Data can be added or changed in the data base. A security system will guarantee only authorized access to the data and reports. New data item reports can be easily added to the system as the

need arises. A computer tape containing the current contents of the data base can be generated at any time. an computerized grsphics are totally integrated with the centralized data base.

3.2.4 Safety Programs Wahran Engineering can provide the client with a staff that is

experienced and well versed in safety programs, especially in the area of hazardous waste site investigation and remediation.

Kevin Burger, e Senior Scientist in Wehran Engineering's Environmental Planning Group, will assume the role of safety manager on this project. Mr. Burger brings to Wehran Engineering six years of professional experience working for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region 0, Edison, New Jersey. At EPA, Mr. Burger performed a wide variety of field investigations at active and abandoned hazardous waste sites, industrial manufacturing operations, wastewater treatment facilities, and solid and bazar do-; waste disposal sites.

Mr. Burger was actively involved In the EPA's safety programs. In addition to serving as a safety offieer for the Surveillance and MonUoring Branch of DSEPA Region D, he reviewed and developed various USE PA

3-10

policies and procedures regarding safety in conducting field activities with particular emphasis on hazardous waste sites. Mr. Burger's experience with USEPA, and his training in safety procedures, make him the ideal individual to assume the role of safety manager for the project.

Mr. Burger's experience and expertise will he further complemented by that of Eugene P. Coeozza, who has thirty-two years of professional experience. Mr. Coeozza is Wehran Engineering's laboratory director. He has had substantial experience and education in the, area of laboratory and industrial safety procedures and practices. Prior to his employment at Wehran Engineering, Mr. Coeozza developed and managed a plant-wide safety program to meet OS HA requirements for a 500-employee, IBM facility. While employed at Wehran Engineering, he developed a safety inspection program for the construction of a slurry trench/cut-off wall at the hazardois waste site of a major industrial electronics manufacturer.

The experience and educational backgrounds of both Mr. Burger and Mr. Coeozza dearly demonstrate the capabilities of Wehran Engineering to provide the expertise that will be required to adequately address the occupational safety requirements of the project.

3.2.5 Analysis All laboratory analyses on the project would be performed by United

States Testing Company, Ine. (USTCO) of Hoboken, New Jersey. USTCO is one of the oldest testing firms in the United States. USTCO has supplied precise, scientific data to government and industry for more than a century. USTCO maintains laboratories in Los Angeles, California; Richland, Washington; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Rochelle, Illinois; Memphis, Tennessee; Reading, Pennsylvania, and in Hoboken, New Jersey, the home office. In addition, the company maintains mobile facilities across the nation. For example, USTCO's Quality Assurance Services Division has established and mann-d with technical surveillance employee* mobile laboratory facilities In 43 nuclear and fossil fuel construction sites. Many of these mobile laboratory facilities provide quality assurance for periods In excess of five years during the construction of Urge power plants.

3-11

The Environmental Chemistry Group has provided water, wastewater, solid and hazardous waste, and sediment analytical services for more than a decade. The laboratories in Hoboken, New Jersey are certified by the State of New Jersey under Federal EPA regulations. It is estimated that revenues from environmental sample analyses are in excess of 2 million dollars per year.

USTCO is a wholly owned subsidiary of Societe Generale De Surveillance, SA (SGS), baaed in Geneva, Switzerland. Further information about USTCO's facilities and quality assurance programs is provided in Appendix D of this document.

3.3 COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES Cost-Benefit Analyses have been an integral part of Wehrmn

Engineering's approach to selection and design of mitigative actions of waste sites since the firm began its work in this area in the late 1967s. In the past, cost-benefit analyses were done informally in the normal course of evaluating and selecting the most appropriate mitigative approach for a waste site. In the last few years, as the regulatory community has accepted (often begrudgingly) the need and importance of considerations of costs and benefits, the analyses have become more formal, often talcing a central role in the process of nJtigative approach selection.

In Section 2.8 of this document, our approach to east-benefit analyses has been described. It is or belief that the Wchran Engineering project team assembled for this project possesses a demonstrated track record and expertise in balancing the often sensitive and subjective factors of risk with the anticipated costs of various mitigative approaches. Our team of hydrogeologists, waste management engineers, and environmental chemists have worked together for years and, in undertaking numerous waste iHtprrtal rite investigations, have developed en appreciation of the Importance of the eoat-benefit analysis and of the interdisciplinary approach to its development.

In the fotr ease studies subsequently presented, we have tried to mare graphically illustrate the performance and importance of the east-benefit analysis.

3-12

Case Studv Number 1; Shope's Landfill Shope's Landfili is a five-acre hazardous waste landfill in Giraro,

Pennsylvania, listed in the seventies in EPA's list of 114 priority sites nationwide. A cost-benefit analysis played a pivotal role in the selectior. of a remedial action program for the landfill. Previous hydrogeologic studies revealed that about 7/8 or 87.S percent of leaehate generated by the landfill wets attributable to percolation of precipitation into the fill. The remaining 1/8 or 12.5 percent of leaehate generation resulted from the flow of ground water through the rmcai portion of the fill. Tota* leaehate generation was estimated to average 4,000 gallons per day (gpd). In the cost-benefit analysis presented in Table 1, the degree of abatement is based upon the projected extent to which each alternative will manage leaehate from the landfill. In some of the alternatives, leaehate management was accomplished through reductions in leaehate generation (e^. capping the site). In others, management involved collection and treatment of .leaehate. Still others Included both leaehate minimization and collection. In each ease, degrees of abatement were measured in terms of the alternative's projected ability to manage leaehate releases on a volumetric basis. For example, Alternative Number 3 (impermeable cap only) was estimated to yield 87.5 percent reduction in leaehate discharge by preventing the percolation of incident precipitation which constituted 87.S percent of leaehate generation. This alternative would have a minimal effect on the 12.5 percent (500 gpd) of leaehate generated by the passage of ground water through the fill.

With respect to costs, eaeh alternative was evaluated in terms of "Estimated Construction Cost" and "Estimated Operational Costs". Construction costs ranged from zero for the "No Aetion" alternative to 812,500,000 f«>r exhumation and secure land disposal of the wastes. Operational costs included such Items as: leaehate treatment, cap maintenance and repair, and continued ground-water monitoring. A uniform operational period of 30 years was selected to evaluate the present worth of the future operational expenditures. Combining the initial construction costs with the present worth value of the annual operational expenditures provides a way to rationally compare the true costs of the alternatives, some of which

3-13

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are operationally Intensive. Total easts ranged from $188,600 for the "No

Action" alternative (continued ground-water monitoring) to $12,500,000 for

Alternative Number 10, Exhumation. The effectiveness of each alternative

was also expressed in terms of the "cost per 1,000 gallons of leaehate

managed". Values ranged from a low of $10,42 per 1,000 gallons for

Alternative Number 4 to $284.80 per 1,000 gallons for Alternative

Number 10. Excluding Alternative Number 10, all the alternatives fell in a

range of $10.42 to $66.11 per 1,000 gallons of leaehate managed.

Alternative Number 4 was ultimately selected with the concurrence of

the regulatory authorities, in this ease the Pennsylvania Department of

Environmental Resources (DER) and the CSEPA. The selection was made not

so much because Alternative Number 4 had the lowest cost per gallon of

leaehate managed, but because it met the expressed goal of 99* percent

abatement in the most east-effective manner. As is usually the esse, those

alternatives rdyii* mast heavily on leaehate treatment yielded the highest

operational easts. The alternatives fared progressively better as their

objectives moved more toward leaehate minimization rather than collection

and treatment.

It was and the concurrence of the DEE gained, that the

existing plume of the ground-water contamination downgradleat of the

need not be purged by means of recovery wells or other means.

Bather, it was concluded that the natural attenuating mechanisms in the soQ

would be sufficient to eventually mitigate the impact of the plumes given the

degree to which further release from the landfill would be curtailed. A cost-

effective long-term monitoring program was developed to verify this

hypothesis.

At the time of this writing, the remediation of Shope's Landfill was

underway with construction scheduled to be completed in October 1982.

case studv number 2: plastt-clad metal products. tec Plasti-Clad Metal Products operates a patented metal stripping and

plastic coating process in Well Township, Mew Jersey. Per e period of 11

years the facility disposed of hexavalent chromium-laden waste waters into a

$-14

seepage pit- The discharge was halted in 1981. As a result of this practice, a plume of ground-water contamination now exists beneath and downgradient of the facility. The plume stretches some 850 feet downgradieni of the site and is approximately 800 feet wide. The plume is found in a thin (20-foot thick) ground-water table aquifer in the Cohansey formation at a depth of 65 feet, and in an underlying aquitard.1 The plume contains levels of hexavalent chromium above 100 parts per million (ppm). The plume is migrating at a rate of about 80 feet per year laterally and five feet per year vertically downward. At this rate, it is expected that the plume will intercept an underlying, highly prolific aquifer in less than five years, as the leading edge of the plume has already migrated 55 feet through the underlying 80-foot

thick aquitard. In consideration of the plume's ability to ultimately cause extensive

deterioration of vital water supply aquifers If imehacked, it was concluded ttmt fufi restoration of the aquifer water cpiality was necessary. Further, it would be necessary to purge the aquitard of the phime as well, since this portion of the plume threatened the deeper more critical aquifer. Hence, the only alternatives that eould be seriously considered ware those capable of oiwnntleTly complete cleanup of the plume. The alternatives, therefore, came down to different ways by which to. extract the contaminated water, treat it,

and dscharge the treated effluent. As pronmtrri In Table 2, fow alternatives were studied, involving two

to ground-water recovery and two techniques for water treatment. In addition, two alternatives for treated effluent discharge were evaluated, although this Is not reflected In the table since their costs were thought to be similar. The two discharge alternatives wares discharge to the upper ground-water table aquifer upgradient of the recovery program and discharge to the deeper aquifer. In reality then, eaeh of the four alternatives in the has two alternatives far affluent discharge, bringing to eight the number of alternatives actually under consideration.

1 An equiterd is e forma ion, part of e formation, or a group of formations wMeh restricts or retards ground-water movement.

»-15

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The determination of operational and maintenance easts is made somewhat more difficult since each alternative involves a two-phased ground-water recovery program. In Phase 1, recovery of contaminated ground water would be ongoing from both the aquifer and the aquitard and thus, the highest pumping rates and associated operational costs would be expected during this period. In Phase 2, pumping would be occurring only from the aquitard at the estimated rate of ten gallons per minute (gpm). The present worth of the operational and maintenance costs during both phases has been calculated r°"'rT'ir>g an annual inflation rate of eight percent and an interest rate of 12 percent.

At the date of this writing, a selection of the desired alternatives had not been made. The total easts are fairly comparable, and the selection may come down to preferences as to scheduling of finance, treatment technologies, or to impediments such as the failure to gain access approvals for off-site wells.

Case Study Number it BFTs Pedridrtown Facility BFFs Pedriektown, Hew jersey facility located near Philadelphia,

operated for years as a washing operation for chemical tankers. HydTehlasting ef boilers was also undertaken at the site. As a consequence of these operations, ground water beneath the site was degraded with volatile crganies, metals, and total solids. Volatile organics were found at levels above 4,000 ppb. Specific conductance typically exceeded 10,000 umbos/em. The degraded ground water was present in a shallow ground-water table aquifer in the Cretaceous Raritan formation. The ground-water table aquifer is only 10 to 20 feet thick and is separated by an aquitard from a deeper aquifer which is a source of water supply in the area. Ground water in the nppc contaminated aquifer is moving westerly toward the Delaware Hiver.

A hydrogeologic investigation was performed, encompassing an asrth resistivity study of the area and the educated placement of wells booed upon that resistivity study. It was determined that the plu-ne had migrated about 200 feat downgradieht of the site

2-16

:| 1

<1

A east-benefit analysis was undertaken evaluating various alternatives for mitigation of the ground-water pollution. Alternatives included various modes of ground-water recovery and treatment, containment of the plume with subsurface cutoff walls, and different approaches for source control-Costs ran in excess of $1,000,000. It was decided, with the concurrence of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, that the importance of the upper aquifer and the likely ultimate extent of the plume's impact on surface water did not warrant the expenditure of thu> amount of money necessary to purge the aquifer. Rather, an approach was decided wherein further releases of contaminants would be controlled by removal of a "hot-spots" and capping active areas of the site (source control), and the path of the plume would be tracked through long-term ground-water monitoring.

Case Study Number 4: South Brunswick Landfill A $2,000,000 suit was brought against Browning-Ferris Indistries by an

adjacent property owner in connection with loaebate discharges from their South Brunswick, New Jersey landfill. The developer claimed the discharge of laeehate onto the ptupeity prohibited Ms development of the property. Wehran Engineering conducted an investigation into the extent of contamination, its potential impact on site development, and feasible mitigative alternatives. It was found that contamination from the landfill had migrated onto about one-third of the developer's property, roughly coinciding with a marshy area. The contamination, resulting almost excliaively from surface flows of leachate into the marsh, consisted predominantly of various heavy metals. The contamination was confined to the upper two to eight feet of the marsh, corresponding to a thin stratum of residual soils overlying nearly impervious residual clays or diabase bedrock. Surface water quality in the stream draining the marsh was only minimally impacted, and vegetative testing revealed no apparent uptake of the metals. In consideration of:

the minimal public health or environmental risks connected with the surficial contamination.

$-17

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the fact that further release of leaehate had been curtailed in compliance with an cpa mandatCt the enormous common cost and disruptive nature of the available

remedial approaches

it was concluded that mitigation of the contamination was unwarranted. Eather, a surface and ground-water monitoring program would be set up to

observe the natural cleansing of the marsh.

j.4 LAMP DISPOSAL EHG1NEERIKG Prom its very inception, Wehran Engineering has been recognized as a

leader hi the field of land disposal engineering. It is a firm whose upper management have spent the bulk of their professional caseers in the field of •olid waste management, and land disposal engineering in particular. Fred L. Wehran, Jr, President of the firm, has been engaged In landfill design activities since 1968 when be founded the firm. Presently, he Is active in davelopix« the technology for gas recovery from landfills. Richard A. Peluso has been involved to land dtopoaal engineering for over tan years. Be is presently one of the firm's three Senior Vice-Presidents and is managing the dnign of what is apparently the worlds largest landfill—Hew York City's Fresh Landfill on Staten Island. Robert P. Mutch, Jr. • Senior Vice-President of the firm and proposed tfrector of this project, hes spent Ms entire professional career to land disposal engineering. His qualifications have already been highlighted. Dennis G. Fenn, also e Senior Vice-President of the firm, came to Wehran Engineering from USEPA's fledgling Solid Waste Management Group, which he helped to establish. During his tenure with EPA, he co-authored the EPA manual an titled, "Dae of the Water Balance Method for Predicting Leaehate Generation from Solid Waste Disposal Sites". Salvatore Arlotta, Jr., one of the firm's Vice-Presidents, hes been engaged in solid waste management for the last ten years. His particular area of expertise includes secure hazardous waste landfill design end construction.

S-18

The firm's experience in waste site investigation and remediation began in New Jersey. The following is a list of some of the waste sites in New Jersey to which Wehran Engineering has provided land disposal engineering services:

BFI - Pecfricktown Facility, Pedtriektown Kinbuc Landf ill, Edison Waste Disposal Inc. Landfill, Howell Township BFI - South Brunswick Landfill, South Brunswick BFI - Monroe Township Landfill, Monroe Township Kinsley Landfill, Deptford Township C. Egan ft Sons, P ft M Sanitation Landfill, North Arlington Parklands Reclamation Project Landfill, Borden town Lena Pine Landfill, Freehold Edgeboro Disposal Inc. Sanitary Landfill, East Brunswick Avon Landfill, Lyialaust Patterson Avenue Landfill, Trenton Consolidated Enterprises Landfill, Newark Landfill ft Development Co. Landfill, ML Holly Ocean County Landfill Corp^ Ocean County Industrial Land Reclaiming Landfill, Edison Global Landfill, Madision L.E. Carpenter ft Co. Waste Lagoon, Wharton PERK Chemical Co., Elisabeth Mew Chemical Co., Newark Solvent Recovery Services of NJ, Linden Aloo Chemical Associates, Inc., Andover Hawthorne Construction Landfill, National Park Keyport Sanitary Landfill, Keyport Morris County Landfill, ML Olive Chester Hills Sanitation Landfill, Cheater Lower Township Landfill, Lower Township

Middle Township Landfill, Middle Township Hamm Sanitation Landfill, Lafayette GEMS landfill, Camden MAC Landfill, Deptford Farnaro Landfill, Washington Harris Sand & Gravel Landfill, Elk Araadei Landfill, Mulliea HOI Sharkey Island Landfill, Parsippany Duck Island Landfill, Hamilton Kramer Landfill, Clarksboro Diamond Shamrock Landfill, Kearney

The above-outlined waste sites include hazardous waste landfills, unitary Ujum. waste impoundments, drum disposal areas, and areas of intermittent spillage,

Wehran Engineering has enjoyed many achievements Airing its It year existence, including:

Wehran Engineering has been e consultant in land disposal anginsering (and hyAogeology) to most of the nation's major commercial solid and haxardota waste management firms, lm»hKk"g SCA Services, Waste Management, Browning-Ferris Industries, Scientific, Inc., and CECOS International. Wehran Engineering wes selected by the government of Buenos Aires, Argentina to serve as Its solid waste management consultant. Wehran Engineering's principals have testified, on many occasions, to various courts (including the DA. Supreme Court) on solid waste management issues. Mr. Robert D. Mutch, Jr. was selected by the University of Arkansas to participate in their EPA training course to cove* the areas of hazardous waste landfill design, site remediation, and hyAogeoIogy.

S-20

. Weixran Engineering was selected by the United Nations, specifically the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), to assist the Sheikdom of Bahrain in dealing with some of its aevere solid and hazardous waste management problems resulting from rapid industrial growth. Mr. Robert D. Mutch, Jr. was selected by the Center for Professional Advancement to direct Its "Land Disposal of Indxstrial Waste" course. This course began hi 1982, and in 1983 will be offered in East Brunswick, New Jersey, Chicago, Illinois, and Houston, Texas. In recognition of their extensive experience in waste disposal matters in the State of New Jersey, Messrs. Muteh and Peluso are the sole consultants representing the National Solid Waste Management Association and the Solid Waste Industry Council of Mew Jersey cm the Technical Advisory Committee, whose mandate it Is to provide industry's input to proposed NJDEP regulations affecting waste disposal in the State.

From the hundred or so land disposal projects with which the firm has been involved has coma a deep appreciation of land disposal engineering. The firm has dealt with a tremendous variety of land disposal sites, from one-acre sludge lagoons, to 2,500-eere landfills, to the sophistication of the major eotnmoreial hazardous waste landfill. Its engineers have developed an understanding of the particular properties Of the various waste streams that have comprised these many landfill and lagoon operations. The major commercial secure landfills receive the widest variety of waste which have to be dealt with and accommodated by the landfill. The firm has also dealt extensively with municipal solid waste, fly ash landfills from the power generating industries, and the waste products of the petrochemical and many other Industries.

Wortdng hand-In-hand with the hytfrogeologists of the Earth Science Oroup, the firm's engineers have developed a keen understanding of the critics. Interface* between a landfill and Its hyfrogeologtc environment, and

9-21

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how this relationship can be advantageously exploited to upgrade the landfill in the most cost-effectve manner. Although the range of hydrogeologic settings is endless, the firm has dealt with sites in a wide spectrum of hydrogeologic settings, from coastal plains to glaciated uplands to arid desert settings such as those encountered in the Sheikdom of Bahrain.

The firm has been a leader in developing and applying new technologies to upgrading, expanding, and remediating land disposal sites. The technologies employed in these efforts have included various techniques for surface water Aversion; site recontowing to promote runoff; various capping strategies including PVC membranes, compacted clay, waste materials, and composites of compacted clay and artificial membranes; dikes; cut-off walls, employing techniques such as compacted clay, artificial membranes, alurry-treoch proeetees; aquifer restoration programs, and in some instances, waste exhumation and off site.

In summary, the firm has developed a substantial reeervoir of 1»~< disposal angineering experience. The engineers of the firm's Solid Waste Management Qroupa collectively know, to a large degree, what reroeAatien teehniipies work, which do not, and the limitations of those techniques.

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4.0 SCHEDULE

The schedule presented in Figure 3 has been prepared in anticipation of the feet that the investigation and engineering work associated with each of the four (or six) sites will likely be authorized simultaneously.

The schedule has been structured around the need to complete the work

if they are to relinquish control. Wehran Engineering has the capabilities and resources to meet this schedule, having done so many times in the past for similar projects. It would be cuubj uLlo liueuiu /" knawwai

Miuvtiatinn nodJteeifcagt8 ; the magnitude of the easts

involved, regardless of the approach selected, adequate time for analysis and approval of the programs and expenditures at all appropriate levels of Mortan-Thiokol is obviously aaaentiaL

4-1

CORRECTION

The preceding document(s) has been refilmed to assure legibility and its image appears

immediately hereafter.

4.0 SCHEDULE

The schedule presented in Figure 3 has been prepared in anticipation of the feet that the investigation and engineering work associated with each of the four (or six) sites will likely be authorized simultaneously.

The schedule has been structured around the need to complete the work

if they are to relinquish control. Wehran Engineering has the capabilities and resources to meet this schedule, having done so many times in the past for similar projects. It would be

— * ^ r " i f f * " ; the magnitude of the easts

involved, regardless of the approach selected, adequate time far analysis and approval at the programs and expenditures at all appropriate levels of Murton-Thiokal is obviously assmtlal

1

s.6 professional tees

The estimated fees for performance of the above-outlined work, as well as for striet adherence to the USEPA/NJDEP proposed scope of services, are presented herein as Alternatives 1, 2, and 3. Alternative 1 involves ..cyNnvf to the USEPA/NJDEP scope of services for each site. Alternative 2 represents the estimated costs for the Vehran Engineering recommended preliminary approach to investigation and conceptual remedial engineering of Goose Farm, Spence Farm, Pijak Farm, and the Friedman Property. Alternative 3 is identical to Alternative 2 with the inclusion of the estimated fees for investigation and conceptual remedial engineering of the Hopkins Form and Hawkins Road Gravel Pit sites. The fees are, necessarily, estimates pending completion of Tasks 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3. Detailed eosts for the prescribed work would then be prepared for review and approval by

Morton-TMokaL

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5.1 AT TVUMATTVE 1 - PSEPA/KJPEP SCOPE OF SERVICES The followiiv east estimates have been made based upon our experience

In similar waste site investigations in this area of New Jersey and our familiarity with the degree of administrative and public participation efforts requisite to performance of governmentally funded work of this native.

Site Goose Farm Spence Farm Pijak Farm Friedman Property TOTAL ALTERNATIVE 1

Estimated Coats $ 175,000

250,000 230,000 240.000

• 895,000

5.2 alternahve 2 - wehrah engineering approach for goose farm. spence farm. puak farm. and the friedman property The following cost estimates have been prepared to provide Morton-

Thiokol with a reasonable idea as to eosts likely to be incurred in the

5-1

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investigation and conceptual remedial engineering of the four principle waste disposal sites. The actual investigative programs and, accordingly, the costs will likely be modified (up or down) as a consequence of:

a. Negotiations with USEPA/NJDEP to gain control over the work b. Modifications to the Investigative programs made as a result of

the information secured during Task 2.2 - Data Acquisition c. Additional tasks authorized by Morton-Thiokol in anticipation of

litigation or for other reasons.

Nevertheless, the easts presented should provide Morton-Thiokol with an appreciation of the likely financial commitment necessary to investigate B«MI prepare the conceptual remedial engineering designs to the extent and degree of ^eciflcity acceptable to USEPA and NJDEP.

All easts subcontractors, specifically Dr. Clarke, the well Mler, and UJS. Tasting (the analytical laboratory). The use of any other subcontractors is not anticipated. Coats incurred through the attendance at meeting with Morton-Thiokol and/or USEPA/NJDEP required for the normal performance of the contract have been included in the costs, where specifically identified in the proposed scope of services. Projected easts for meeting* over end above those specified and the meetings required under Task 2-1 have not been included since their frequency is difficult to project and lest they distort the east estimates.

The Tasio and attendant eosts are for e simultaneous investigation and design of «" ?r**r «Hm. unless otherwise specified.

Task 2.1 Gain Authorization from USEPA/NJDEP* 2.2 Data Acquisition 2.3 Prepare Investigative Plans 2.4 Phase 1 Investigations

Goose Farm

Estimated Costs 9 —

14.000 14,503

44,125

5-2

Task Estimated Costa

2.4 Phase I Investigations Spenee Farm * 60,550 Pijak Farm 59,165 Friedman Property 58,085

2.5 Issuance at Phase I Reports 40,000 2.6 Phase II Investigations

Goose Farm (zero percent of Phase I) Spence Farm (20 percent of Phase I) 12,110 Pijak Farm (25 percent of Phase I) 14,800 Friedman Property (25 percent of Phase I) 14,520

2.T Issuance of Phase II Report 20,000 2.8 Cost-Benefit Analysis 60,000 2.9 Seleet Mitigetive Programs 5,000 2.10 Conceptual Designs 60,000

TOTAL ALTERNATIVE 2 (Goose Farm, $ 476,875 (Spenee Farm, Pijak Farm, Friedman Property)

5j ALTERNATIVE 9 - WEHRAN ENGINEERING RECOMMENDED APPROACH TO GOOSE FARM. SPENCE FARM. PIJAK FARM. THE tunrnMAH PROPERTY. HOPKINS FARM. AND THE HAWKINS ROAD

GRAVEL PIT These costs reflect the additional fees for inclusion of Hopkins Farm

and the Hawkins Road Gravel Pit to the recommended approach for investigative and conceptual remedial design.

Task Estimated Additional Costs

2.2 Data Acquisition • 7,000 2.3 Prepare Investigative Plans 5,000 2.4 Phase I Investigations

Hopkins Farm 58,085 Hawkins Road Qraval Pit 58,085

2.5 Issuance of Phase I Reports 20,000

5-3

Task Estimated Additional Coats

2.6 Phase II Investigations Hopkins Farm * 14,250 Hawkins Road Gravel Pit 14,250

2.7 Issuance of Phase II Report 10,000 2.8 Coot-Benefit Analysis 20,000 2.9 Select Mitigative Programs 2,500 2.10 Conceptual Design 30,000

Subtotal * 249 ,710 Plus Alternative Ho. 2 476,875 TOTAL ALTERNATIVE 3 * 726,585

5-4

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APPENDIX A

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Staff

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FRED L. WEMtAN, JR., P. E. President

Wehran Engineering

Registration Registered Professional Engineer - New Jersey, Mew York, Connecticut,

Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts Registered Land Surveyor - New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Mew York Registered Professional Planner - New Jersey

Credentials B.5. civil Engineering - Cornell University (1962) M.S. C1v1l Engineering - Cornell University (1966) Newark College of Engineering - Graduate Soil Mechanics courses Harvard University - Graduate Business Administration courses American Society of C1v1l Engineers American Society of Photogranmetry Consulting Engineers Council National Society of Professional Engineers Aaerlcan Congress on Surveying and Mapping

EeploMnentHlstgry 1966 -President

1966 - 1968

1964 - 1966

Wehran Engineering President

Welch 6 Associates Senior Soils Engineer

Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc. System Engineer

Experience Sunmary Hr. Wehran has eighteen years of diversified professional experience In ^the fields of surveying, solid waste management and environmental consulting. His administrative and technical background as founder and President of Wehran Engineering has Included over 800 engineering projects. Mr. Wehran's expertise 1n bringing together and managing talented design professionals has resulted In the growth of Wehran Engineering from a single consultant 1n 1968 to a 110-person firm In 1962, with a national reputation for providing quality engineering, design, consultation, construction management services, and surveying.

He first proposed a 2,500 ton per day refuse derived fuel resource recovery facility to the Hackensack Headowlands Development Commission and was a pioneer 1n the research and development of a slurry trench cutoff wall for controlling pollution from land disposal sites In high ground-water table areas and 1n a system for the control and collection of leachate at existing land disposal sites.

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Staff ROBERT D. MUTCH, JR., P. E.

Senior Vice-President Wehran Engineering

Registration Registered Professional Engineer: State of Hew York, New Jersey,

Massachusetts, South Carolina, Vermont

Credentials B.S. Civil Engineering - Newark College of Engineering (1972) M.S. Civil Engineering - New Jersey Institute of Technology (1977) Associate Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers National Water Well Association Tau Beta Pi Chi Epsilon

Employment History

1980 - Present

Wehran Engineering Senior Vice-President

New Jersey Institute of Technology Adjunct Professor Ground-water Hydrology

Experience Scwmary tor. Hutch has spent his entire professional career 1n the fields of land disposal engineering and ground-water hydrology. His experience includes investigation and/or design of more than 100 active. Inactive, or abandoned waste disposal sites. Mr. Mutch is a recognized expert 1n the fields of waste site investigation and clean up. He is frequently called upon tc provide expert testimony in public hearings and in cases of envirorwiental litigation. He is director of the Center for Professional Development's Land Disposal of Industrial Wastes" course ana is a frequent speaker at

hydrogeology and land disposal engineering seminars. He is a regular lecturer In the areas of hazardous waste landfill design, hydrogeology, and waste site remediation at courses sponsored by Vanderbilt University, CECOS International, and University of Arkansas.

Mr. Mutch administers the firm's Land Oisposal Engineering and Earth Sciences division which 1s composed of a mu1tidlsc1pl1nary group of some 35 engineers, hyrogeolcglsts, and chemists. He also directs the operation of Wehran Construction, inc. (WECON). the firm's suDsidlary specializing 1n waste site clean up construction projects.

Publications TI Mutch jr., Robert D., "Secure Land Burial of Hazardous Wastes: A

State-of-the-Art Example*. Proceedings. Environmental Engineerino Division Specialty Conference. New York, New York 1960.

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Staff ROBERT 0. MUTCH, JR.. P. E.

Page 2

2. Mutch Jr., Robert 0., "Landfill Hydrogeology". Proceedings. A1CHE Conference. Chicago, Illinois, 1980.

3. Mutch Jr., Robert D., "Secure Landfill Technology" presented at the AICHE, Hex Jersey section. Twenty-first Annual Symposium, May 1980.

•. Mutch Jr., Robert D., G. OlPippo end J. Hearty, "Environmental Cleanup of the Monroe Township Landfill", New Jersey, presented at the ASCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, July 1981.

5. Mutch Jr., Robert 0.. and William J. Slot, "Remedial Action of the Solid Waste Landfills", presented at the Fourth Annual 0RML Life Science Symposium, "Environment and Solids Wastes", GatHnburg, Tennessee, October 4-8, 1981.

6. Mutch Jr., Robert R.. and Michael Brother, -Hydrogeologlc Considerations 1n Secure Landfill Siting and Design", Proceedings, USGS Conference. The Impact of Maste Storage and Disposal on 6round-Water Resources. Ithaca. Mew York, June 1982.

Patent Patent No. 4, 335, 978 - Induced, Intragradlent System for Secure Landfill.

Key Projects Hydrogeologlc Investigation of the SCA Chemical Waste Services, Model City, New York facility—a site which encompasses over 630 acres and serves as a key hazardous waste treatment, recovery, and disposal facility 1n the eastern United States.

Hydrogeologlc Investigation and design of the 300-acre, eight-million ton capacity Edgeboro Disposal. Inc. Sanitary Landfill 1n Industrialized central New Jersey. The design Includes a two and one half mile subsurface, slurry-trench cut-off wall end 35 acres of stabilization ponds for leachate treat­ment.

Hydrogeologlc Investigation for the design of CEC0S International's currently fully-permitted and active (No. 4) Chemical Management Facilities ho. 4 and 5 1n Niagara Falls, New York, including defense of" same 1n lengthy public hearings.

Preparation of a comprehensive hydrogeologlc study and engineering deslans for the South Carolina SCA Services Secure Landfill, which is one of the few fully-approved and licensed hazardous waste disposal sites In the southeastern United States.

Staff ROBERT 0. MUTCH, JR., P. E.

Page 3

Hydrogeologic Investigation and design of the environmental controls for the Shope's Landfill In 61rard, Pennsylvania, listed in the 70's in the EPA's 11st of 114 priority sites nationwide.

Hydrogeologic investigation, designs and construction of the environmental controls for the Monroe Township Landfill in Monroe Township, New Jersey.

Hydrogeologic investigation of the South Brunswick Landfill as part of an EPA Consent Decree to remediate the solid and hazardous waste landfill.

Hydrogeologic investigation and design supervision of the Norris Farms Sanitary Landfill outside Baltimore, Maryland.

Hydrogeologic investigation and conceptual design of the ground-water recovery facilities for Plasti-Clad Metal Products Inc. 1n Wall Township, New Jersey, where the Cohansey-Klrfcwood formations have been contaminated by hexavalent chromium.

Hydrogeologic investigation and design of the Lancaster Sanitary Landfill in western New York, which encompasses over 200 acres, and provides solid waste disposal for the City of Buffalo, New York.

Hydrogeologic investigation of a chemical waste landfill owned by a major petrochemical company in western New York.,

Hydrogeologic investigation and design of mltigative measures for the 140-acre Lone P1ne Sanitary Landfill in Freehold, New Jersey.

Hydrogeologic Investigation and design of mltigative measures for the 150-acre Industrial Lands Reclaiming, Inc. Sanitary Landfill in Edison, New Jersey.

Hydrogeologic Investigation and design of the Amesbury Sanitary Landfill (Hunt Road) 1n Amesbury, Massachusetts.

Hydrogeologic investigation and design of the 100-acre Morris County Sanitary LanofUl In Mount Olive, New Jersey.

Hydrogeologic Investigation for the Hartley and Hartley, Inc. liquid anc chemical waste disposal site in Kawkawlln, Michigan.

Design of the Pottstown Disposal Services Sanitary Landfill in West Pottsgrove, Pennsylvania.

Staff BARRY J. CHENEY, P. E.

i , ' * Senior Engineer

Wehran Engineering i

1 Registration ! Registered Professional Engineer - New York, New Jersey, Maryland

i Credentials U.S. Civil & Environmental Engineering - CIarkson College (1972) American Society of Civil Engineers

I National and New York State Society of Professional Engineers -; 1 State Publication Committee Chairman | Orange Sullivan Chapter Treasurer

I New York State Association for Solid Waste Management ' i American Consulting Engineers Council j Society For Marketing Professional Services

• i Employment History 19/8 - Present Wehran Engineering

Senior Engineer

' 1972 - 1978 Barton, Brown, Clyde & Loguidlce J Senior Project Engineer

Experience Simnary I kine years of professional experience primarily in solid and hazardous waste

management planning and design. Experience includes responsible direction -t of project; in various areas of waste management planning, design ), supervision, and client coordination. Projects include transfer stations,

sanitary landfills, and leachate treatment systems, investigations and evaluations of resource recovery, hazardous waste disposal facilities, and general waste management, including both solid and hazardous wastes. Oesign

1 projects include preparation of design drawings and specifications, and administration of project's construction. Mr. Cheney has also presented expert testimony for regulatory proceedings related to such projects.

'1

i m

• i i Additional experience in municipal, wastewater treatment, and water supply

engineering. All technical aspects have requirec a knowledge and understanding of federal, state, and local laws and regulations on projects. In general, projects require considerable interaction with regulatory agencies and legal staff at all levels.

' Kev Projects

Solid Waste Management i Project engineer for Oswego County solid waste system, which commenced with

an investigation of solid waste management practices. System facilities designed included a sanitary landfill expansion and three transfer stations

, to handle daily solid waste quantities of approximately *00 tons. One transfer station sized for 120 tons per day, included two stationary compactors and a push-pit while the smaller stations with *0 tons per day throughout use a single stationary compactor.

Staff BARRY J. CHEREY, P- E.

Page Z

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'or tM C.tt,r.u,o» Coot, F.rooU S.olt.r,

Landfill*

ar^raTs*^ County, Maryland.

cj?skrfor^o?.SiiS°pS: VS^SOSI «SI& of a 60-acre expansion of the operation.

S»t£ l^ulrJ"in®Sf 1*1 f. "SSSfi? hV£°'?9^ leachate treatment.

«qr for to. .«. «•'•««» "" •»»«««"' landfill for Sullivan County, Raw Yo k.

mtardous M**'p y..te services. Inc.. Model City. Me* To* Pro •{get manager rot- siA Chemical w»*^_ ,.h _ york State Part 360 permit facility operations report In compter 1ption of the processes and activities

that occur at Vpreven-r^^rstussisw ..1 »...«««.-« — ««->««<•«•

* , eaoaclty of a haiardous waste Project manager for the des g* ® chenlcal Waste Services, Model City, Hew treatment effluent lagoon at the SCA cnesnca. w«» York facility.

Resource Recovery rauntv Resource Recovery Project for the Project engineer for the *i15<Jl5kVf,s and Tioga, (hew York). The project counties of Cayuga. Cortland Tompkins. and « ^ recowery 1n those four-Included an investigation of Jthe pcitent a -aste. The investigation focused eou vies incorporating a *l"Sl« u«r ® incinerators and the sale of on tne combustion of solid waste 1n moduar cyp*

Staff BARRY J. CHEJIFT. P. E.

Page 3

CM- WW'. SffiJiTSer - '"tf c* utility boiler.

Invest 1 gat 1 rig"*!ternaVi ve^'to^x^s ""ng * 1 andf 1 ?1 disposal**!^1* d" nV"new l.nd-fills, transfer, and resource recovery.

to 0«,<"~""5 »™ .mrossed .nd od»1e.

provided.

IS'SS-S''JiSoS f ^STo SUooo- <**"•>"* *- owr,,">rl1 guide for dlgestor and sludge beds.

ssws«s raJBweaa inrar •

Staff JAMES- H. CLARKE, Ph-D. Vice President

EDUCATION: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland " Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, 1972

Rockford College, Rocktord, Illinois B.A., Chemistry, 1967

PROFESSIONAL Air Pollution Control Association Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Tennessee Academy of Science National Environmental Trainers Association

experience:

19s2-

1982

1980-82

AY ARE, Inc./Southeast, Nashville, Tennessee Vice President

Administration of resources management group personneL Specialized expertise in the areas of environmental risk assessment of chemicals and wastes, air and water quality monitoring and modeling, environmental toxicology and biology; and chemical waste management. Serves on the faculty of several professional development programs offered by Vanderbilt University, The University of New Hampshire, The American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Author of numerous publications and tectaical reports In the areas of environmental risk assessment and management of chemicals and wastes.

Vehran Engineering, Middletown, New York Vice President

Technical and administrative management of the Earth Sciences group and the Wehran Environmental Laboratory. Primary emphasis in projects concerned with groundwater contaminant assessment and remediation; design of chemical monitoring programs for air, aurface water and groundwater; and hazardous materials management personnel training.

Recra Research, Inc. Amherst, New York Senior Vice President

Recra Environmental and Health Sciences, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee President

Overall management of all technical personnel In the Divisions of Environmental Management. Waste Mate-iais Management and the Recra Environmental Laboratories. Trained numerous representatives of e petroleum refining, chemicals, and electronics Industries in hazardous waste compl ice. Technical advisor to variety of projects including preparation of monitoring a - contingency plans for hazardous waste manage­ment facilities, design of air monitorir programs for existing and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, environmental risk assessr-ients of chemical spills* and new technologies xor hazardous waste containment and destruction.

Staff 3AMES H. CLARKE, PtuD.

« Page 2

, 1973-1980 AVARE, Inc., Nashville, Tennessee Project Manager

Primary responsibilities included overall coordination of projects involving * toxic materials and hazardous waste management. Other major areas included air i and water resources management, noise, and environmental impact assessment.

• EXPERIENCE i SUMMARY

Over ten years of professional experience in the areas of environmental risk assessment i for chemicAi and wastes. Specialized expertise in the areas of chemistry of hazardous ' materials; health effects evaluations and aquatic toxicology; industrial waste manage­

ment; uncontrolled waste site investigation; and the transport and fate of chemicals in the I | environment.

Kev Protects Project Manager lor an investigation of an uncontrolled 200 acre industrial landfill for an I industrial cUott In the southeast. The investigation included comprehensive chemical < sampling and analysis of soils, groundwaters, surface waters, sediments, and biota.

Evaluations of potential adverse health effects were performed for past expoaires to , humans and biological communities. Remedial options were evaluated based on associated '1 risks. A lor^ term monitoring program was designed for ground water, surface water, 1 sediment, and biological communities.

" Project Manager of a comprehensive environmental impact assessment for a new integrated iron and steel making facility in Birmingham, Alabama. The study was performed under a third party agreement with the U.5. Steel Corporation and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IV. Computer modeling of air and water quality impacts was performed together with extensive baseline definition of pre-cons miction environmental quality.

I 1 Principal author of the Personnel Training Guidance Manual for Owners or Operators of J « Hazardous Waste Management Facilities. The manual, prepared for the U-S. Enviren-I mental Protection Agency, identifies suggested areas and levels of training by job I | description and existing sources of information.

Numerous developments and applications of computer aided mathematical models of air and water quality impacts associated with industrial emissions and effluents, including specific toxic substances and temperature. Projects include use of 2-D dynamic estuary models, temperature prediction models lor stratified lakes and lagoons, and air dispersion models of spills of hazardous materials- Contributed chapters to a Water Quality Modeling Manual prepared for the Water Quality Control Board of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Authored several documents on health effects for the USER A Center for Environmental Research Information, including mongraphs on in-vlvo toxicity testing, inhalation toxi­cology, and health effects of non-ionizing radiation.

•i !'i

3 Staff >\MES H. CLARKE. Ph-D.

age 3

Designed an sir monitoring program lor a regional hazardous waste management facility utilizing wastewater treatment and secure chemical landfilling. Air monitoring stations were selected with the aid of a mathematical model of air emissions and corresponding air quality.

Analyzed the cost of water pollution controls necessary to achieve best practicable control technology (BPT) and best available control technology (BAT) for the iro^ and steel industry and the primary and secondary aluminum industries as part of a compre­hensive update to the USEPA.

Protect Manager for an environmental assessment investigation of petroleum extraction activities off the coast of Venezuela and in the Orinoca Delta.

1 Prefect Manager for an extensive evaluation of an industrial wastewater treatment 1 facility. The investigation featured use of radio labelled isotopes and mathematical

modeling to determine the fate of nitrogen compounds and the impact of spills and short circuiting on effluent quality.

protect Manager for a comprehensive study of raw waste load and effluent frailty for tire 1 manufacturing facilities. The study eras performed for the Rubber Manufacturers j Association and defined a basis far subcategorlzation of plants within the inAstry.

t Principal investigator for numerous environmental risk assessments utilizing bloassays i with aquatic and mammalian organisms and biomonitoring with Indicator organisms.

These investigations addressed point sowce effluents, wastes being evaluated for ocean j and land disposal, and off-spec product materials.

1 Trained numerous representatives of industry and government in chemical haza*d recog­nition, hazardous waste management, safety and health effects, contingency planning, and environmental regulations including representatives from various manufacturing industries, the USEPA Environmental Response Team, the U.S. Coast Guard, and several state gratis Including New York and Maine.

Project Manager far preparation of an Environmental impact Statement for construction and operation of 23 miles of new interstate highway in west Tennessee. The investigation included extensive evaluations of potentially Impacted wetland areas and computer modeling of air quality and noise.

Numerous developments and applications of noise models including the evaluation of the Impact of % new automobile raceway on the surrounding community, restoration of several Union Stations to government office buildings, construction and operation of several new postal facilities, and several highway improvement projects.

Research in the mathematical modeling of biological treatment systems, clariflers, and fnam flotation columns; use of indicator organisms to determine environmental quauty; and application of statistical techniques to effluent quali ty data.

Staff 3AMES H. CLARKE, PhJD. pa&e *

PUBLICATIONS "Reaction Matrix Method for Computing Probabilities of Vibration-Translation Energy ~~~Transfer; Range of Applicability for the Collinear Collision of an Atom and a

Diatomic Molecule", with John H. Weare and Everett Thieie. Journal of Chemical Physics 33, 3201 (1971).

"Quantum Vibrational Transition Probabilities for the Morse Oscillator" with David 3. Wilaon. Journal of Chemical Physics 60, 713 (1976).

•The Collinear Collision of Two Diatomic Molecules: An Application of the T- and K-Matrix Methods", with Everett Thieie. Chemical Physics 6 667 (1976).

"Lead Levels in Fresh Water Mollusk Shells", with Ann N. Clarke, David 3. Wilson, and 3ames 3. Friauf. 3ournal of Environmental Science and Health-Environmental Science and Engineering All (1), 63 (1976).

"Electrical Aspects of Adsorbing Colloid Flotation. IV. Striping Column Operation", Jotm W. Wilson and David 3. Wilson. Separation Science ,U, (3), 223 (1976).

"Elecwical Aspects of Adsorbing Colloid Rotation, vm. Specific Adsorption of Ions by Floes", with Ann N. Clarke and David 3. Wilson. Separation Science and Technology, L3 (7), 373-386 (1978).

•Theory of Oarifier Operation. I. Quiescent Hindered Settling of Flocculating Slurries", with Ann N. Clarke and David 3. Wilson. Separation Science and Technology 22(9), 717-789 (1978L

"Theory of ClariDer Operation. ID. Sludge Blanket and Upflow Reaction Clarifier", with Ann N. Clarke and David 3. Wilson. Accepted for psdalication in Separation Science and Technology.

•On the Use of Corbicula Fluminea as Indicators of Heavy Metal Contamination", with Aw N. Clarke. David J. Wiisoo and 3ames 3. Friauf. Proceedings of the 1st International Corbicula Symposium, Fort Worth, Texas (1979).

"A Model For Assessment of Hazardous Materials Spills and Leaching" with F. C Ziegler, D-S. Tennant. RA. Harbison, and R. C. 3ames. Proceedings of the 1980 Conference on the Control of Hazardous Materials Spills, Louisville, Kentucky (1980).

"Personnel Training Guidance Manual for Owners or Operators of Hazardous Waste Management Facilities", USEPA, 1980.

"Solidification/Stabilization Processes Appropriate to Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes Spills", with Brir.n C. Senefelder and Thomas F. Stanczy:-.. Proceedings of the 1982 Conference on Hazardous Material Spills, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1982L

"Training in Compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act", with Ann N. Clarke, National Environmental Trainers Association Newsletter; Spring (1982).

Staff 'AMES H. CLARKE, Ph.D. •age 3

•RESENTATIONS -Asiatic Clam Shells as Biological Monitors of Lead", with Ann N. Clarke and David """"""""~ 3. Wilson. 26th Southeastern Regional Meeting of the American Chemical society

(1976). i

"Mathematical Models and Water Resources Management". Presented to the Depart­ment of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, VanderbUt university,

i Nashville, Tennessee (1976).

"Water Qiality and Wastewater Management in the Rubber Processing Industry". 1st International Symposium on Industrial Wastes and the Environment, Caracas,

1 Venezuela (1976). Also served as Chairperson of the session or. rubber and plastics.

"Modelling of a Heated Plume Discharge for Compliance with Water Quality Standards", I vth F. G. Ziegler; C. D. Holmes, P. W. Rasten and 3. C. Batey. Waste Heat

and Utilization Conference, Miami Beach, Florida (1977).

> "The Analysis of Benthlc Oxygen Demand Relationships for Wasteload Allocations", i with P. G. Ziegler, R. C. Young, D. S. Tennant and P. W. Rosten. ASCE National

Environmental Engineering Conference, Nashville, Tennessee (1977).

4

•On the Use of Corbieula fluminea as Indicators of Heavy Metal Contamination", with Am N. Clarke, David 3. Wilson and 3am es 3. Friauf. 1st International Corbieula Symposium, Fort Worth, Texas (1977).

"The Impact of Toxic Substances on Aquatic Environments" with Ann N. Clarke. Siort Course on Water Quality Management presented in Philadelphia, PA (1977).

•A Methodology for Predicting the bnjmet of Waste Spill? on the Biota and Water Intakes", with F. G« Ziegler* P. W. Rosten end R. C. Young. Presented to the Manufacturing Chemists Association (1977).

-The Significance of Algal Assimilation of Ammonia-Nitrogen to the Waste.Assimilation Capacity of an Artificially Enriched Tidal River as Determined by NO 5):-Labelled T^Je?. with D. S. Tenant, R. C. Young and F. C Zlegjer. aijt Am^ Meeting of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Victoria, British Columb.a (1978).

•On the Use of Mathematical Models in Water Quality Management". Presented to the Department of Biology and the Environmental Biology Research Program as * aeries of seminars in Water Resources Management, Tennessee Technological Univer­sity, Cookevllle, Tennessee (1978).

•On the Use of Mathematical Models to Identify Biological Inhibition in Aquatic Systems", with F. G. Zi-gler and R. C. Young. 1st Venruelan and Latin American Congrrs of Analytical a^.d Experimental Toxicology, Caracas, Venezuela (1978).

•Management of Hazardous Materials Impacts on the Aquatic Environment". Presented to the Department of Biology and the F-nvironmenta' Biology Research Program as part of a series of seminars or Environmental Science - Water, Tennessee Techno­logical Jn versity, Cookeville, Tennessee (1979).

T Staff

" 'AMES H. CLARKE, PhX. Jage 6

ii ! i i

•The Chemistry of Hazardous Materials". Presented to the Chesapeake Division of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command as part of Short Course on Hazardous Materials Management (1979).

"Environmental Impact Analysis' for Hazardous Materials". Short Course on Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Control of Hazardous Materials, Nashville, Tennessee (1979).

"Bioassays and the Control of Discharges of Hazardous Materials to Aquatic Environ­ments". Short Course on Hazardous Waste Management, Nashville, Tennessee (1979).

"Environmental Modeling and Monitoring Dynamics", a series of presentations concern-IIH sampling and analysis at hazardous materials, aquatic toxicology, mathematical modeling and risk assessment; presented in several cities throughput the United States as part of the National Hazardous Materials Training Seminar sponsored by Vanderbilt University (1979).

Tate of Hazardous Materials in the Environment", part of a Short Cwrse on Industrial Toxicology and Control of Toxic Substances sponsored by Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (1979).

"Hazardous Waste Regulations and Disposal Site Investigations", part of a 9wrt Course en the Resource Conservation and Recovery Ac* sponsored by Vanderbilt University, Tampa, Florida (1979).

"Environmental Risk Assessment Techniques", part of a Short Course on the Toxic Substance Control Act sponsored by Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (1979).

"Health Effects of Hazardous Materials". Presented to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Santa Barbara. California (1980).

"A Methodology for Assessment of Environmental Impact of Hazardous Materials Spills and Leaching", with F. C. Ziegler, R. C. James and R. D. Harbison. The 19S0 National Conference on Control at Hazardous Material Spills, Louisville, Kentucky (1980).

"Hazardous Waste Management Regulations", part of a Short Course or. Hazardous Waste Management sponsored by George Washington University, Washington, D.C. April, (1980).

•Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal Technologies", part of a Short Course on Hazardous Waste Management, sponsored by George Washington University, Washington, D. C. April, (1980).

"Environmental Risk Assessment Techniques", part of a Short Course on Hazardous Waste Management sponsored by George Washington University, Washington. D-C. Apri. (1980).

Staff

i

*

i~AME5 H. CLARKE, Ph.D. »age T

"Hazardous Materials Spill Response", presented to the College of Engineers and Architects, Condato Beach, Puerto Rico, 3une (1980).

' "Behavior of Hazardous Materials in Soil", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, March (1981).

"Meteorological Aspects in Hazard Evaluation", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental

i Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, March (1981).

"Fundamentals of Air Dispersion Modeling", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, March (1981).

"Risk Assessment Techniques far Toxic Substances in the Environment", presented to the Department of Chemistry, Broch University, St. Caterines, Ontario, March

1 (1981).

1 "Hazardous Waste Regulations and Superfund Investigations", part of a Short Course on I Hazardous Materials and Wastes Handling sponsored by the American Management

Association, Chicago, Illinois, April (1981).

"Chemodynamics - Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment", with Dr. Louis Thibodeaux, Short Course sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical J Engineers, Houston, Texas, April (1981).

i I "Chemodynamics - Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment", witn Dr. ' Louis Thibodeaux, Short Course sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical

Engineers, Detroit, Michigan, August (1981).

"Ciarrent Issues in Hazardous Waste Management", presented to the Department of Civil , and Water Resources Engineering of the State University of New York at Buffalo, I September (1981).

"Hazardous Waste Management", Program Moderator, 6th Annual Conference on Inland Spills, Marietta, Ohio, October (198l\

"Chemodynamics - Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment", with Dr. Louis Thibodeaux, Short Course sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical

t Engineers, New Orleans, Louisiana, November (1981).

"Basic Groundwater Chemistry", part of a Short Course on Groundw-iter Contamination , Assessment presented to the New York State Department of environmental Con­

servation, Albany, New York, December (1981).

Staff

i

'AMES H. CLARKE, Ph.D. •age 8

"Chemical Transport in Groundwater Systems", part of a Short Course on Groundwater Contamination Assessment presented to the New York State Department of Environ­mental Conservation, Albany, New York, December (1981).

"Desitm of Groundwater Monitoring Programs", part of a Short Course on Groundwater Contamination Assessment presented to the New York State Department of Environ-mental Conservation, Albany, New York, December (1981L

"Meteorological Aspects of Hazard Evaluation", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental

' Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, December (1980.

"Fundamentals of Air Dispersion Modeling", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S- Environmental

1 protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, December (1981).

I -Behavior of Hazardous Chemicals in Soil", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation I and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection

Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, December (1981).

] -Predictive Techniques for Contaminant Transport in Growdwater", part of a S»ort Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Asssessment sponsored by the U.5.

j Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, December (1981).

1 "Groundwater Contamination Monitoring and Assessment", part of a Start Course on Hazardous Waste Management sponsored by Vanderbilt University and CECOS Inter -

I national. Inc., presented in several cities in the United States (1981).

"Tramport oi Chemicals in the Environment", part of a Short Course on Hazardous Waste Managem». nt sponsored by Vanderbilt University and CECOS International, Inc., presented in several cities In the United States (1981).

"Risk Assessment Strategies", part of a Short Course on Industrial Waste Management sponsored by CECOS International, Inc., Danbury Connecticut, January (1982).

"Risk Assessment", part of a Short Course on Land Disposal Engineering sponsored by The Center for Professional Advancement, East Brunswick, New Jersey, February (1982).

»Chemodynamics - Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment", with Or. Louis Thibodeaux. S*>rt Course Sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Orlando, Florida, February (1982).

"Hazardous Waste Management Regulations and Treatment/Disposal Options", presented as part of a Graduate Course on Solid Waste Management at the State University of New York at Buffalo, February (1982).

1

Staff 3AUES H. CLARKE, Ph.D. Page 9

"Risk Assessment Strategies" part of a Short Course on Industrial Waste Management Sponsored by CECOS International, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio, February (1982).

"Hazardous Waste Regulations and Management Strategies" part of a Short Course on Planning for Compliance Sponsored by the' University of New Hampshire and the Environmental Hazards Management Institute, Nashua, New Hampshire, May (1982).

"Behavior of Hazardous Chemicals in Soil", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, Ohio, May (1982).

"Meteoroi .gical Aspects of Hazard Evaluation", part of a Short Course on Hazard Eval uat.cn and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, May (1982).

"Fundamentals of Air Dispersion Modeling", part of a Short Course on Hazard Evaluation and Environmental Assessment sponsored by the U. 5. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, May (1982).

"Personnel Training Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act" 46th Annual Educational Conference, National Environmental Health Association, New Orleans, Louisiana, 3une (1982).

"Training Needs Assessments - Hazardous Materials and Wastes", 4th National Workshop and Conference, National Environmental Trainers Association, Albany, New York, August (1982).

"Attenuation of Toxic Substances in Soil Systems", presented at the National Summer Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Cleveland, Ohio, August (1981)

Staff GMT DIPIPPO, P. E.

Senior Engineer Wehran Engineering

Hegistereo Professional Engineer - New York, New Jersey

lTlteSivi^Engineering - New Jersey Institute of Technology (1972) M.S. Environmental Engineering - Orexel Univeslty (1973)

Emolovment History T$7d - Present Wehran Engineering

Senior Engineer

1976 - 1978 URS/MSR Engineers Project Engineer

197s Township of Nest Milford, New Jersey Assistant Municipal Engineer

1973 _ 1976 Havens and Emerson, Ltd. Engineer

liven1vearsSof"professional experience. Background in research and laboratory analyses directed toward the development of modeling eutrophication in new y formed *e^oundn«nts^ Experience in and management "^"^Ta^wtS preparation. Experience in hydraulics, hydrology and computer backwater modeling. Experience 1n upgrading existing water supply ' c Back? population projections, distribution system analyses, fire flow. et<=• ground 1n Municipal Planning Board processes. E xpe r i ence design calcu a-tlons and layout of water and wastewater treatment plants. Field observatio of television Inspection and repair of sewerage systems. Experience In treat­ment and disposal design techniques for municipal sewage sludge. Experience ha*ar do us rwte 'lals eonta 1 nmen t and sanitary landfill improvements and design.

?5Q MSD water filtration plant and associated raw water pixnping Station Including^ SitV l.^t, °bu1Plding layout, equipment selection, hydraulics, cost estimates and shop drawing review. fWxinn •noin»«r for Westchester County Municipal Wastewater Sludgs Management e» w a„ Bf dewaterina and disposal alternatives including centrl jga-11ony" v.cuT f i 1 tr atTon.pressur efVltrat "on. incineration, pyrplysis. and land'application were evaluated for cost effectiveness, implementation and environmental impact. Oir- r ted the prepara t ion of 21 Flood tnsurance S tudies fo r the Insurance At fn iMst ra t lon , Depar tment o f Hous ing and . -ban Development .

liSuSed working wi th s ta te and federa l reg l a tory agenc ies .

Staff GARY J. OIPIPPO, P. E.

Page 2

hydrology, hydraulics, and computer backwater modeling using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers HE* II computer program.

Design engineer for a water supply Study for several communities in the mid-county area of Westchester County. The study included population and percapita water consumption projections, distribution network analysis, storage analyses, and site selection.

Design engineer for an additional safegurd and containment system for an organic chemicals processing company, the system included interior drainage collection, storm-water protection, and application of an impe-^eable soil-cement layer to control spills of potentially hazardous substances.

Project manager for the design of several existing and proposed sanitary landfills In New York State. Projects were oriented toward meeting the requirements of the 6 NYCRR, Part 360 regulations for sanitary landfills. Design aspects have Included final grading plans, leachate collection systems, gas venting structures, surface drainage structures Including retention basins, and stream assimilation analysis as related to leachate discharge. In addition, an accompanying report detailed operational procedures and contingency plans along with a site description and discussion of environmental pollution control measures. Further, the design of existing sites focused on remedial plans to provide conformity with the Part 360 regulations and minimization of environmental Impacts.

Project manager for the design of a sanitary landfill for a resource recovery project in Massachusetts. Design aspects again included grading plans, leachate collection, gas venting, surface drainage, operations, and contingency plans.

Project engineer for the design of remedial operat'cns cont-ol plans for several sanitary landfills. The remedial measures were primarily related to mitigation of leachate related environmental Impacts. Included were surface drainage, seep collection, and leachate handling aspects.

Engineer Involved In a gas migration and control study for a completed sanitary landfill In New uersoy. The study Included field testing of gas pressures and concentrations, gas pumping, data analyses, anc recommendations for control of gas migration

Project Manager for two secure landfill designs in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls region of New York. Project responsibilities included coordination with regulatory agencies and the client, review of design data including capping and lining, leachate control, gas venting, structural considerations, and site drainage. Also par:icipated in the review of hydrogecloglc data to evaluate site suitability and design requirements.

Staff WILLIAM J. SI OK, P.G.

Branch Office Manager WE New England Off ice

Registration Certified Professional Geologist, State of Indiana

Credentials B.S Geology - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1369 M.S. Hydrogeology - South Dakota School o* Mines & Technology U973) Certified Professional Geologist, American Institute of Professional Geologists Memfcer, Geological Society of America Founding Member, Vermont Geological Society Mesfcer Technical Division, National Water Wc • 1 Association

Employment History ISSfl - Present Wehran Engineering - New England Branch Office

Branch Office Manager

1979 - 1980 Wehran Engineering Senior Hydrologist

1973 - 1979 Vermont Agency of Environmental Conservation Hydrogeologist/Environmental Engineer

1973 Talcott Mt. Science Center Staff Geologist

1971 . 1973 South Oakota School of Mines & Technology Research Assistant, Graduate

1969 - 1971 Crosby Jr. High School Earth Science Teacher

1973 - 1973 Various locations Private Consultant, Hydrogeology

Twet veC"ye arf" professional experience. Demonstrated expertise in performing hydrogeologic evaluations and providing tecnnical advice to private and governmental agencies. Preparation of hydrogeologic reports attesting tc tne suitability of various subsurface geologic environments for wastewater, solid waste and hazardous waste disposal. Develop"-;nt of remedial measures to alleviate ground-wate" contami nation. Coordination, supervision and participation in hydrogeologic Investigations including test pit excavation, bore hole drilling, piezometer and obse-vation well construction, resistivity analyses, seismic surveys, conductivity investigations, water duality monitoring, aquifer analyses, flow-net analyses, and use of mathematical principles of ground-water flow.

Staff WILLIAM J. SIQK. P.6.

Page 2

Project management Including client contact, assessment of projects, development of project scope and costs, supervision of field personnel, report preparation, public presentations.

Management of Wehran Engineering branch office In New England, Including business development activities.

Key Projects Hydrogeologic Investigation using subsurface techniques to determine total water-bearing potential of the Dakota Sandstone Aquifer underlying South Dakota.

Aquifer analysis of an Insolated portion of the Dakota Formation In response to abrupt drop 1n ground-water elevation to ascertain effect on long-term yield. The Investigted area serves as a municipal water supply.

Participation 1n the development of a ground-water management policy for the state of Vermont.

Hydrogeologlc Investigations for major municipal subsurface wastewater disposal projects.

Hydrogeologlc evaluations for public disposal systems Involving the land application of treated wastewater.

Hydrogeologlc Investigation of a major disposal site to serve a resource recovery facility. The findings of this Investigation were used as the basis for the design of an extensive 80-acre ground-water lowering system, coupled with a ground-water monitoring system to allow accurate location and containment Of contamination sources. Provide expert testimony 1n litigation Involving ground-water contamination from hazardous chemical disposal. Perform detailed hydrogeologlc Investigations of chemical disposal areas to develop remedial measures for mitigation of ground-water contamination.

Publications Dries, J.P., Slok, W.J., and Baker, U.K., 1973, Total Wate- Storage Capacity of Cretaceous Artesian Sandstones Underlying South Dakota. 6.5.A.. Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 6, No. 6, March, 1973.

Staff HILLIAN J. SIOK, P.e.

Page 3

Cassell, E.A., S1ok. H.J., et al, 1977, Sludge Treatment and Disposal by Small Communities: State-of-the-Art. .Paper presented at the Hortneast Branch Neetingj American Societyof Agronomy, Burlington, Vermont, June, 1977. Proceedings published by the American Society of Agronomy, 1977.

Slok, W.J., et al. 1975, A Determination of the Causes and Renwdlal Steps fnr- Pamnval of Chloride Contamination. Chapman Headcws Aauifer. Springfield, Vermont. Report to Springfield. VT PPM.

Hutch, Jr. Robert 0. and S1ok, H1ll1am J. Remedial Action at Solid Waste Landfills. Presented at the Fourth Annual ORNL Life Science $ympos'.Ur, "Environment and Solid Hastes", 6atl1nburg, Tennessee, October 4-8. 1981.

Staff Senior Geologist

Wehran Engineering

I^A^Eerth5Science - Farlelgh Dickinson University (1978) M.S. Geology - University of Vermont (Pending Conx>let1on of Thesis)

emolovment history 1930 - Present Wehran Engineering

Senior Geologist

1979 - 1980 Wagner, Helndel, Woyes, Inc. Hydrogeologlst

1978 - 1979 Environmental Associates Staff Geologist

University of Vermont . . . . Research Assistant/Graduate Teaching Assistant

1077 Energy Research and Development Administration ^ Water and Stream Sediment Sampler NURE Project

f^Tw^oT^ofesslonal experience 1n analyzing^ and 1"tenfet1ng ground­water /Torn systems. Expertise 1n aquifer ANALYSIS.hydrogeologlcal InvestIga-Hons of existing tnd proposed Hazardous waste disposal facilities, dell ea tlon of the extent of ground-mater contamination at Hazardous '?»roe!scale treatment facilities, suitability Investigations ^ii ivll^atlon subsurface liquid vaste disposal systems, sanitary •*«1«»tlon, fracture trace analysis, and geophysical ground-mater exploration.

Project^Manager responsible for the design. Implementation, and • comprehensive confirmatory hydrogeologic Investigation for metIves landfill expansion site 1n Baltimore County, Maryland. Project objectives Included delineation of the thickness end «*tent of the clay ""t^lrLnd-slte. determination of the mode of occurrence, direction, and rate or grouno mater flom, and evaluation of the feasibility of a conceptual leachate collec tlon design. Project Manager responsible for the design of a confirmatory h^r-ogeologic 1nves*1aat1on at an existing sanitary landfill In Edison, Mem Jersey. The

gradients. A major objective mas to evaluate the Potential for leachate centalrveent via pumping wells versus a cut-off mall strategy.

Project Manaoer responsible for the design. Implementation, and analysIs of a s -Mes of s£p-d*wdown and constant-rate aquifer pump tests performed for theCItyofMlddletown, Mem fork. The objective c' the project -as primarily to determine the feasibility of Incorporating existing mells Into

Staff MICHAEL R. BROTHER

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water supply system. Oata generated enabled estimation of slvlty. storage coefficient, and specific capacity. In addition, cost est1-Btaff for Incorporation Into the existing distribution system were prepa ed.

Assistant Project Manager responsible for field lap I ementatl on of aicomt>relhen-«ive bar1no monitoring well and piezometer Installation program for the proposed CECOS In te rna t iona l , Inc . Secure S ludge ManagementFac l lUyln Rlagara Falls, Mew York. Other responsibilities Included preparation of maps, cross-sectIons and an Interim Final report.

Assistant Project Manager for a project Involving organic ch«1cal contamlna-tlon of around water at a former Industrial processing s.te 1n the Maga a Palis tirij York area. Responsible for analysis of agulfer pump tests and pr.par.t1on .f ecvrMnilv. of

the likely effectiveness of various remedial measures.

project Manager for a project Involving bedrock ground-water monitoring at a sanitary landfill 1n Western Mew York, JJe industrial hazardous wastes. Objectives Included: determination of the d i r e c t i o n , e x t e n t , a n d r a t e o f m i g r a t i o n o f c o n t a m 1 n a t e d « ™ u . n d . t h e evaluation of the potential threat to water supplies In the vicinity of the landfill. Project Manager on medlma-scale (75.000 gpd) residential septic system hydro-geologic Investigation 1n Essex, Vermont.

Hydrogeologlst on large-scale (6 x 10« gpd) municipal land dlsposl project. St. Albans. Vermont. Hydrogeologlst on regional ground-water availability project, Barre, Vermont.

Hydrogeologlst on various projects Involving location of water supplies via fracture trace analysis. Research Assistant: field evaluation of the use of a portable precession magnetometer to delineate bedrock fracture zones.

Research assistant: relationships of borehole electrical p^ent1alf%«mma-ray. and caliper logs to the occurrence of fractures in bedrock water wells, and their implications for well-yield.

rieid Geoloalst on National Uranlun Resource Evaluation project (NURE). Responsible fo* co^lectlon^of surface water geochemlc.1 data and strew sedi­ment samples, central Hew York.

Staff WILLIAM 6. SOUOIP

Senior Geologist Wetiran Engineering

Credentials B.S.Seologj - SUNT at Oneonta (1976) M.S. Geology (Hydrology) - Ohio Unlverlty (1978)

lowaent History Present Wehran Engineering

Senior Geologist

1978 - 1982 U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Hydrology

1976 - 1978 Ohio University Teaching Assistant

Experience Suewry- .. Experience Includes design of data collection system, collection and Interpretation of llthologlc and geophysical data from drill rigs and outcrops and prepar ing the f ina l t ex t and I l lus t ra t ions for publ ica t ion , supervision of field personnel, conducting aquifer tests, taking water quality sables and operating down-hole geophysical logger.

Simulated ground-water flow using the 2-0 numerical program developed by Trescott, Finder, and Larson at steady state and transient conditions. Made several aodlfIcatlons to the program such as variable recharge with each pwplng period.

Publications 1978, A computer model and environmental analysis of the Rotterdam

aquifer. Schenectady County, New York. Masters thesis. Ohio University (unpublished).

1979, Abstract of Thesis - A computer model and environmental analysis of the Rotterdam aquifer, Schenectady County, Mew York. Ground Mater. Vol. 17. No. 1. Jan.-Feb.. 1979, p.112.

1980, Ground-water appraisal 1n Northwestern B1g Stone County, west-central Minnesota. US6S Water Resources Investigation 80-568.

1982, Ground-water appraisal of the aquifers In the Poame Oe Terra and Chippewa River Valleys, west-central Minnesota. USGS Water Resources Investigation 82- (currently 1n review).

Staff WILLIAM 6. SOURUP

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Hydro-geologic Investigation to determine water availability alternatives for the U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Prison system.

Computerized ground-water data monitoring system for a hazardous waste facility. Program Includes statistical analysis of water quality data, complete data base and computer-generated graphic outputs.