Obstetrics. Definition of Obstetrics Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during...
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Transcript of Obstetrics. Definition of Obstetrics Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during...
Definition of Obstetrics
Branch of medicine dealing with the pregnant woman during pregnancy, child birth and period following birth
Semen
Mixture of sperm & secretions in seminal vesicles
Insemination – deposit of semen in the female reproductive tract
Artificial Insemination
Semen is inserted into uterus via a cannula instead of coitus
AI (AIH) by husband
AI (AID) by donor
Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Semin semin/ i liquid secretion of the testicles and glands
Sperm sperm/o, spermat/o, sprem/i
sperm cells or spermatozoa, ejaculated from the male Act 1
Fertilisation
Is the union of sperm and ovum
Fertilised ovum is called zygote
Zygote travels down fallopian tube to endometrium where it implants itself
Foetus development
Embryo – developing human during first 2 months - embryonic membranes form which protect & nourish the embryo
Foetus – developing human after the second month - amniotic membrane forms surrounds foetus and is filled with amniotic fluid - amniotic fluid is a shock absorber for the foetus
Placenta
Develops between the embryo and endometrium
Exchanges nutrients and waste between mother and foetus
Also secretes hormones to maintain pregnancy
Terms related to placenta
Adherent placenta – placenta is fused to uterine wall
Retained placenta – placenta is not expelled
Placenta praevia – placenta forms abnormally in lower part of uterus over the internal opening of the cervix Act 3
Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Gravida -gravida relates to pregnancies
Para -para number of previous pregnancies resulting in a live infant
Toc toc/o, -tocia birth, labour
Nat nat/o birth
Labour and Delivery
Parturition refers to birth
Labour is period preceding birth
Uterine contractions are called eutocia
Syntoconon is a drug to induce uterine contractions
Stages of labour
1. Dilation – onset of labour to full dilation of 10 cm
2. Expulsion – full dilation to delivery
3. Placental – delivery of placenta and occurs a
few minutes after birth
Foetus during labour
Lies in a lateral position in uterus
Engagement – when head moves down into cervix
Presentation – part of foetus that is touched by examining finger through the cervix
Definitions Post partum haemorrhage – excessive bleeding from
birth canal
Eclampsia – sudden convulsion due to toxaemia of pregnancy
Stillbirth – foetus is born dead
Congenital – present at time of birth
Caesarian section – delivery by surgical excision into abdominal wall
Forceps – surgical instruments used to help delivery Act 4
Mammary Glands
Function is milk secretion i.e. lactation
Ducts convey milk from lobes to the exterior
The circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple is known as the areola
Word parts
Word root
Combining form
Meaning
Mast mast/o breast
Mamm mamm/o breast
Lact lact/o, lact/i milk
Galact galact/o milk
Abbreviations
ARM Artificial Rupture of Membranes
CTG cardiotocograph
DOB date of birth
EDC/D estimated date of confinement / delivery
EDD estimated date of delivery
EP ectopic pregnancy
FDIU foetal distress in utero
FECG foetal electrocardiograph
Abbreviations
FHR foetal heart rate
HDN haemolytic disease of the newborn
IUD intrauterine device
LSCS lower section caesarian section
NB newborn
PET pre- eclamptic toxaemia
PPH postpartum haemorrhage
PROM premature rupture of membranes
PV per vagina
AbbreviationsApgar score method of assessing general state of baby at
birth.Appearance (colour); Pulse(heart rate); Grimace( response to slap); Respiration (breathing)
epesi/o pubic region,vulvo
gravida a pregnant woman
multigravida at least 2 pregnancies
multipara given birth to 2 or more children
nulligravida having never been pregnant
para to bear
primigravida first pregnancy
primipara first delivery
Conditions and Termscervical incompetence abnormal weakness of the cervix; can
lead to recurrent miscarriages
ectopic pregnancy pregnancy outside of uterus usually in fallopian tubes
placenta praevia placenta situated near the cervix
pre - eclampsia condition in which hypertension, oedema, and proteinuria developing during 2nd half of pregnancy