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Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team
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1 Observing Observing Systems Systems ERA-40 Experience ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team Sakari Uppala & ERA Team
description
Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team. METEOSAT Reprocessed. 1982. 1988. 1979. TOMS/ SBUV. CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATA. NCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, …. 1973. 1979. 1987. VTPR. TOVS: HIRS/ MSU/ SSU. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Observing Systems ERA-40 Experience Sakari Uppala & ERA Team
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Observing Systems Observing Systems
ERA-40 ExperienceERA-40 Experience
Sakari Uppala & ERA TeamSakari Uppala & ERA Team
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1957 2001TOMS/ SBUVTOMS/ SBUV1979
METEOSAT METEOSAT ReprocessedReprocessed
1982 1988
VTPRVTPR1973 1979
TOVS:TOVS:HIRS/ MSU/ SSUHIRS/ MSU/ SSU
CMWCMW
1987SSM/ISSM/I 1991
ERS-1ERS-11995ERS-2ERS-2
1998ATOVSATOVS
CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATANCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, …
OBSERVING SYSTEMS IN ERA-40OBSERVING SYSTEMS IN ERA-40
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Combining the different conventional Combining the different conventional data sourcesdata sources
CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATANCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, …
CONVENTIONAL SURFACE, UPPERAIR AND AIRCRAFT DATANCAR/ NCEP, ECMWF, JMA, US Navy, Twerle, Gate, FGGE, TOGA, TAO, COADS, …
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Illustration
The number of available TEMP/ land data per year from different data sources at 00UTC Navyraob
US AirforceNCEP TD54NCEP TD52NCEP ON29NCEP ON20NCEP Upperair
NCAR/NCEP CollectionJMA OperationalECMWF Operational
TOGAFGGETWERLGATE
MiscellaneousFranceChinaRussiaCountriesUS Control
Australian Antartic
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Illustration
The number of available TEMP/ land data per year from different data sources at 00UTC Navyraob
US AirforceNCEP TD54NCEP TD52NCEP ON29NCEP ON20NCEP Upperair
NCAR/NCEP CollectionJMA OperationalECMWF Operational
TOGAFGGETWERLGATE
MiscellaneousFranceChinaRussiaCountriesUS Control
Australian Antartic
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ILLUSTRATION: THE IMPORTANCE OF MERGE
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Radiosonde temperature bias, OB-FGRadiosonde temperature bias, OB-FG(4 solar elevation angle intervals and the mean) (4 solar elevation angle intervals and the mean)
all year 1994, South West Canadaall year 1994, South West Canada
UncorrectedUncorrected
CorrectedCorrected
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ERA-40: SYNOP-Ps 00 UTC Southern hemisphere RMS (hPa) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
ERA-40: SYNOP-Ps 00 UTC Northern hemisphere RMS (hPa) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
2 hPa
2 hPa
1000
1000
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ERA-40: TEMP-T 500 hPa 00 UTC Northern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
1K
ERA-40: TEMP-T 500 hPa 00 UTC Southern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
1K
Problem with elimination of duplicates
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ERA-40: TEMP-T 50 hPa 00 UTC Northern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
ERA-40: TEMP-T 50 hPa 00 UTC Southern hemisphere RMS (K) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
2K
2K
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ERA-40: TEMP-Q 850 hPa 00 UTC Tropics RMS (g/kg) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
HumidityConversion Problem
Datasource: MIT
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Snow data coverage (sdepth>0)
19581958 1966
1976 1986
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Conventional ObservationsConventional Observations
Identify and fill the missing data inIdentify and fill the missing data inpriority orderpriority order
Improve the merging/ screeningImprove the merging/ screeningprocessprocess
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Satellite Radiance DataSatellite Radiance Data
TOVS HIRS/ MSU/ SSUTOVS HIRS/ MSU/ SSU
ATOVS AMSU-A, AMSU-BATOVS AMSU-A, AMSU-B
VTPRVTPR
SSM/ ISSM/ I
Datasets relatively completeDatasets relatively complete
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14 NOAA Satellites14 NOAA Satellites
TOVS / ATOVSVTPR
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(John Bates, Darren Jackson)(John Bates, Darren Jackson)
1978 1998 1978 1998
MSU Channel 3 MSU Channel 4
NASA Langley Research CenterNASA Langley Research CenterRadiation and Aerosols BranchRadiation and Aerosols Branch
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Pinatubo
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NOAA-11 SSU NOAA-14 SSU
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10 hPa
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Average 30 hPa Geopotential, November - December 1972
Mean & STD of 30 hPa Geopotential Increment, November - December 1972
VTPR Active
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ERA-40: TEMP U-Wind 50 hPa 00 UTC Northern Hemisphere RMS (m/s) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
ERA-40: TEMP U-Wind 50 hPa 00 UTC Southern Hemisphere RMS (m/s) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
Number of used observations per day
NOAA-15AMSU-A, HIRS
HIRS BL CH-14/ AMSU-A BL
NOAA-11HIRS/MSU/SSU
NOAA-14 HIRS/MSU/SSU CH-2/ SSU BL
1 SSU Instrument
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ERA-40: SSMI/TCWV 00 UTC Tropics RMS (kg/m**2) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
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4
2
500
Number of used observations per day
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Aspects relating the use of radiancesAspects relating the use of radiances
Problem periods per channel into “blacklist”Problem periods per channel into “blacklist”
Bias tuning necessaryBias tuning necessary
Overlapping periods importantOverlapping periods important
Cloud detectionCloud detection
Contamination by aerosolsContamination by aerosols
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Cloud Motion WindsCloud Motion Winds
Reprocessing improves the quality of analysesReprocessing improves the quality of analyses
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METEOSAT Reprocessed Winds METEOSAT Reprocessed Winds
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ERA-40: SATOB U- Wind 850 00 UTC Tropics RMS (m/s) OB-FG OB-AN 15 days MA
Number of used observations per day
MeteosatReprocessed winds
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Differences in 10m wind speedDifferences in 10m wind speed
Contour interval 0.5ms-1
Yellow/red indicates ERA-40 winds stronger than ERA-15 winds
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Research based on reanalysesResearch based on reanalyses
Understanding & Understanding & ImprovingImproving
Observation datasets:Observation datasets:SatelliteSatellite
ConventionalConventional
Data Assimilation Data Assimilation SystemSystem
DevelopmentDevelopment
Improved use of Observing SystemsImproved use of Observing Systemsin the next reanalysisin the next reanalysis
FEEDBACKFEEDBACKINFORMATION:INFORMATION:
Observed valuesObserved valuesOB – FGOB – FGOB – ANOB – AN
FlagsFlags
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Research based on reanalysesResearch based on reanalyses
Understanding & Understanding & ImprovingImproving
Observation datasets:Observation datasets:SatelliteSatellite
ConventionalConventional
Data Assimilation Data Assimilation SystemSystem
DevelopmentDevelopment
Improved use of Observing SystemsImproved use of Observing Systemsin the next reanalysisin the next reanalysis
Need to Need to Create & Improve:Create & Improve:
User InterfacesUser InterfacesModern tools toModern tools to
visualizevisualize
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Check/ Modify Station height and position information
Detailed inventories of the merged dataset and data sources
Filling the possible gaps in time and space with additional data
Insert the new data into Data Base
Merge of observations and observed values:in the Screening step before minimization
Use the merged observations in reanalysis(n+1)
Investigate the Feedback information (Ob-Fg, Ob-An) :Statistics and time series per area/ station
Statistics of accepted/ rejected data per data source
