Mining:  A  Platform  for  Chile’s  Future  Report  to  the  President  of  the  Republic  of  Chile  Michelle  Bachelet        [Seleccionar  fecha]  

The  Commission  for  Mining  and  Development  of  Chile  National  Council  of  Innovation  and  Competitiveness    December  of  2014        

Index    Introduction                                                                                                                         3    

1. Vision                                                                                                                     5  2. Agenda  of  strategic  priorities               7  3. Institutional  framework  for  a  virtuous,  sustainable  and  inclusive  

mining  industry                               15  4. Members  of  the  group  who  participated  in  the  elaboration  and    

agreements  arising  from  this  document           17      

           

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mining:  A  Platform  for  Chile’s  Future  

 

       Introduction  

 

The   mining   future   of   Chile   is   a   task   of   the   present.   Two   domains   that   need   to   be  

addressed   are   creating   the   conditions   for   attracting   greater   investment   and  

strengthening   public   confidence   in   mining   activities.   Chile   also   needs   to   make  

advances  in  environmental  sustainability,  to  achieve  a  harmonious  encounter  with  the  

people   and   communities   where   mining   carries   out   its   activities,   to   increase  

productivity  and  to  develop  an  effective  platform  for  the  growth  of  new  industries  and  

knowledge-­‐intensive  services.  

 

Making   this   progression   possible   is   a   challenge   of   proportions.   It   requires   the  

concourse   of   multiple   efforts   in   social   innovation,   institutional   development,   and  

advances  in  science  and  technology.  Building  these  capabilities  is  at  the  heart  of  this  

proposal.  

 

The  Commission  for  Mining  and  Development  of  Chile  and  its  members,  who  sign  this  

agenda,  agreed   to  elaborate  a  vision  and   to   identify   the   strategic  priorities   required  

for  Chilean  mining  to  consolidate  its  aspirations  and  reaffirm  its  global  leadership.  The  

Commission  presents  this  vision  and  sets  forth  the  targets  that  the  industry  needs  to  

achieve  in  the  next  20  years.  

 

We   are   convinced   that   in   its   stride   towards   a   virtuous,   sustainable,   inclusive   and  

multicultural   industry   endowed  with   regional   solidarity,  mining  will   be   a   source   of  

inspiration  for  the  nation.  This  will  open  cultural  and  scientific  paths  at  the  forefront  

of  global  knowledge.  

 

Chile   is   a   global  mining   power.   It   is   the   largest   copper   producer,   supplying   32%  of  

worldwide  production  and  the  third  largest  producer  of  molybdenum.  It  also  occupies  

leading   positions   in   the   processing   of   other   minerals.   Mining   has   been   a   pillar   of  

national  progress  for  a  long  time.  A  recent  study  concluded  that,  if  mining  exports  had  

not  increased  as  it  did  from  1990  on,  and  if  it  had  continued  in  the  same  institutional  

and  productive   trajectory   it  had  during   the  period  spanning  1960-­‐1990,   the  current  

national  income  would  be  45%  lower  than  its  present  level.  Mining  has  been  a  leading  

force  to  power  development  and  attract   investment;   it   is  a  crucial  contributor  to  the  

progress  made  in  the  quality  of  life  the  country  has  enjoyed  in  recent  decades.  

 

The   Commission   agrees   that   there   is   a   great   opportunity   for   mining   to   further   its  

contribution   to   the   improvement   of   the   welfare   of   Chileans.   To   materialize   this  

opportunity,  urgent  action   is  required   in  order   to  reap   the  benefits  of   this  historical  

moment  that  stems  from  the  high  demand  for  minerals  from  emerging  economies  in  

Asia.  

 

To  begin  with,  all  stakeholders  must  strive  to  overcome  the  problems  that  discourage  

investment   in   mining   today.   In   this   regard,   it   is   worrisome   to   note   that   far   from  

increasing,   investment   in  mining   in   Chile   has   fallen.   According   to   the   last   survey   of  

investment  projects,   there  are  over  US  $  44  billion  being  held  pending  a  decision.   If  

this  projection  holds  true,  mining  production  would  decrease  by  about  a  third  from  its  

current   level   by   2030.   It   is   obvious   that   if   this   scenario   prevails,   no   part   of   this  

proposal  would  be  viable.  

 

Seizing   the   opportunity   requires   also   bridging   the   gaps   that   exist   in   terms   of  

productivity,   environmental   protection,   effective   citizen   participation   and   fair  

compensation   to   the   localities  where  mining   takes  place.  To   show   the  magnitude  of  

the  effort  involved  in  closing  these  gaps,  it  should  be  noted  that  labor  productivity  in  

Chilean  mining   is   one   third   that   of   Canada   or   the  United   States.   As   a   country,   Chile  

needs  to  increase  its  productivity,  and  this  is  urgent  for  the  mining  industry.    

 

The   challenges  we   face   begin  with   the   need   to   strengthen   citizen   confidence   in   the  

sector.   The   mining   industry   of   the   future   requires   forging   and   strengthening   a  

relationship   of  worth   and   collaboration   among   all   stakeholders:  mining   companies,  

their  workers  and  their  suppliers;  the  State  that  directs,  regulates  and  supervises;  and  

the  citizens  who  see  their  interests  positively  or  negatively  influenced  by  this  activity.  

We   believe   that   dialogue   that   leads   to  mutually   beneficial   agreements   -­‐where   each  

party  meets   its   agreed   commitments-­‐   is   the  best  way   to   avoid  or   overcome   conflict  

and  move  towards  a  mining  of  the  future.  

 

For   this  reason,  many  of   the  proposals  made  here  address   the  need  to  bolster   trust.  

Prominent  among  them  is  the  strengthening  of  national  capacities  for  more  effective  

environmental  protection,  and  the  institutional  development  agreed  upon  concerning  

the   process   of   consultation   with   native   communities.   The   reinforcement   of   overall  

citizen  participation  is  paramount.  

 

In  parallel,  the  proposal  emphasizes  actions  seeking  to  increase  the  productivity  and  

the   competitiveness   of   mining   in   order   for   the   sector   to   radiate   progress   to   the  

country.  This  includes  tackling  the  profound  challenges  related  to  labor  productivity,  

availability   of   water   and   energy,   as   well   as   the   development   of   knowledge,  

organizational  capabilities  and  human  resources  that  are  crucial  for  the  success  of  this  

process;   the   crafting   of   a   strategic   platform   for   R   +   D   +   I;   and   the   unfolding   of   an  

industry  of  high  productivity  providers  that  can  undertake  a  solid  exporting  role.  

 

The  second  consideration  of  the  Commission  is  that  it  is  essential  to  have  a  roadmap  

to  guide  the  country  through  the  efforts  included  in  this  proposal  and  to  measure  their  

progress.  This  task  requires  urgent  and  continuous  long-­‐term  dedication.  A  jump-­‐start  

in   the   established   direction   is   essential.   Therefore,   the   document   herein   not   only  

defines   a   set   of   strategic   priorities   to   be   adopted   immediately,   it   also   includes  

initiatives   that  are  already  supported  by   the   firm  commitment  of  public  and  private  

stakeholders  who  are  engaged  in  their  promotion.  

 

A  third  consideration  is  the  identification  of  the  institutions  that  should  be  tempered  

or  created  to  support   the  development  of   this  agenda.  This  proposal  suggests  giving  

the   country   a  public-­‐private   institutional   framework   to   ensure   greater   coordination  

and   joint   actions   between   the   different   participants   in   this   activity.   The   idea   is   to  

speed   things  up  and  move   from  a   transactional  approach   to  a   transformational  one,  

which  will  generate  collaborative  and   integrated  relationships  at  all   levels.  We  need  

an   institutional   setting   that   generates,   guides   and   supervises   the   blossoming   of   a  

virtuous,  sustainable  and  inclusive  mining  industry  and  thus  help  create  greater  trust  

and  value  for  all  parties  involved  in  its  development.  

 

Finally,  we  emphasize  the  importance  of  addressing  these  hurdles  with  the  conviction  

that   we   do   not   hold   the   answers   to   all   the   puzzles   and   challenges   that   will   arise.  

Therefore,   we   must   assume   this   task   as   a   learning   process.   The   objectives   are  

demanding   and   must   be   sustained   over   a   long   time,   so   we   must   exercise   extreme  

coordination  between  stakeholders.  We  therefore  invite  the  nation  -­‐in  the  context  of  a  

broad   political   and   social   calling-­‐   to   define   and   implement   a   new   vision   for   the  

development  of  a  new  virtuous,  sustainable  and  inclusive  mining  industry  that  is  also  

respectful   of   human   rights.   We   therefore   begin   by   presenting   our   vision.   It   is   a  

proposal  to  contribute  to  the  sustainable  development  of  mining  and  continue  its  role  

as  a  driving  motor  behind  an  improved  quality  of   life  and  national  welfare  for  many  

years  to  come.      

 

 

1.  Vision:  A  virtuous,  sustainable  and  inclusive  mining  industry  to  improve  the  

quality  of  life  of  current  and  future  generations.    

 

 

By  2035  the  mining  industry  in  Chile  will  have  achieved:  

 

The  export  of  130-­‐150  billion   tons  of   copper   and  other  minerals  during   the  20  

years  between  2015  and  2035,  having  completed  the  huge  investment  required.    

Eighty  percent  of  this  production  will  be  positioned  in  the  first  two  cost  quartiles  

of   the   global   industry.   Furthermore,   250   suppliers   exporting   world-­‐class  

technology  and  knowledge   intensive  services  have  come  on  stream.  Business  at  

the  end  of  the  period  reaches  a  total  of  US  $  10,000  million  per  year.  

The  establishment  of  a  worldwide   leadership   in   sustainable  mining   founded  on  

the   implementation   of   benchmarks   and   environmental   management   standards  

based   on   best   industrial   practices.   This   clears   the   way   for   rationalizing   the  

processes  of  environmental  requirements  and  permits,  as  well  as  facilitating  their  

monitoring  by  the  State.  In  this  way,  the  demand  for  fresh  water  and  energy,  and  

also   greenhouse   gas   (GHG)   emissions,  will   have  been   reduced   compared   to   the  

base   year   projected   (BAU   2010).   These   actions   will   mitigate   net   losses   in  

biodiversity,  thereby  contributing  to  the  conservation  of  our  natural  heritage.  

The  establishment  of  relationships  based  on  trust  and  collaboration  between  all  

parties  involved  in  the  mining  activity.  This  is  made  possible  through  an  ongoing  

open  and  transparent  dialogue  between  parties  on  an  equal  standing,  leading  to  

agreements  with  shared  benefits  that  allow  for  the  advancement  of  the  common  

good.  Likewise,   the  existence  and  compliance  of   relationship   standards  by  each  

stakeholder   has   become   a   standard   practice   that   points   to   the   full   respect   of  

agreements  in  a  long-­‐term  relationship  of  mutual  benefit.  

 

This  vision  unfolds  from  the  concepts  of  a  “virtuous,  sustainable  and  inclusive  mining  

industry”.  We  define  each  one  of  these  qualifiers  below:  

Virtuous   Mining   is   the   one   that,   by   strengthening   its   competitiveness   and  

productivity,   tends   to   create   conditions   for   the   emergence  of   a   robust   ecosystem  of  

innovation.   Virtuous  Mining   is   driven   by   individual   action   and   collective   effort.   The  

latter   is  based  on  an  agenda  of   shared  actions  between   the  mining   industry,  mining  

industry  suppliers,  the  scientific  community,  native  people,  local  communities,  and  the  

State.  Beginning  with  this  agenda,  investments  increase  to  expand  productive  capacity  

and   complete   the   transition   from   an   industry   based   on   the   country’s   natural  

advantages   to   an   enterprise   of   higher   complexity.   The   benefits   of   this   development  

are   many   because   they   counteract   the   impact   of   deteriorating   ore   grades   in   our  

deposits   and   act   as   a   springboard   for   Chile   to   become   a   player   in   the   global   value  

chains  and  the  knowledge  society,  exhibiting  the  highest  standards  of  respect  for  the  

rights  of  the  individual.  

 

Virtuous  mining  assumes  its  economic,  technological,  social  and  environmental  tasks  

as  a  driving  force  for  the  creation  of  new  capabilities  and  productive  activities.  In  this  

way,  it  stands  as  a  mining  power  that  invests  in  knowledge  and  ensures  excellence  in  

research,   innovation,   engineering,   production   and   marketing,   managing   to   stay  

sustainable,  competitive  and  profitable  in  the  long  term.    Thus,  converted  into  a  state  

of   the   art   technological   development   pole   and   empowered   to   solve   technological,  

environmental  and  social  problems,  virtuous  mining  multiplies  its  benefits  over  other  

industries  and  sectors.  It  not  only  fortifies  its  role,  but  it  becomes  an  agent  of  change  

at  the  service  of  society.  

 

Inclusive  mining   is   one   that   encourages   the  participation  of   communities   living  or  

working   in   areas   affected   by   mining   facilities   in   the   benefits   generated   by   their  

operations.   Inclusive  mining   seeks   to   create   shared   value   in   its   social   environment  

and  maintains  a  fluid  and  permanent  dialogue  with  its  workers;  within  a  framework  

of  full  respect  for  the  rights  of  all  parties.  A  present  and  active  State  must  generate  the  

institutional  conditions  of  coexistence  for  the  common  good  and  promote  a  dialogue  

between   parties   as   well   as   a   free,   ex-­‐ante,   informed,   responsible   and   in   good   faith  

participation  of  native  and  other  communities  near  the  mining  activities.  It  should  also  

manage  efficiently  and  fairly  that  portion  of  the  income  it  acquires  which  corresponds  

to  a  non-­‐renewable  natural  resource  whose  healthy  development  benefits  the  whole  

country.  

 

Sustainable  mining  is  one  that,  in  the  design  of  its  operations,  integrates  all  variables  

affecting  the  socio-­‐environmental  system  in  which  it  operates.  In  this  way  it  prevents,  

avoids,  minimizes,  mitigates   and   compensates   its   environmental   impacts   -­‐including  

effects  on  the  ecology  and  biodiversity,  water  and  soil  quality,  and  also  the  social  and  

cultural   impact   throughout   the   life   cycle   of   the   facilities   until   their   closure   and  

abandonment.   The   industry   operates   with   practices,   technologies   and   verifiable  

world-­‐class  environmental  standards.  It  favors  the  interests  and  rights  of  present  and  

future   generations.   In   this   context,   the   State   assumes   a   more   effective   role   in   the  

protection  of  the  environment,  through  means  such  as  territorial  planning,  norms  and  

regulations,  and  monitoring  of  industrial  externalities.  

 

The   three   concepts   that   structure   this   vision   of   the   future   of   mining   -­‐virtuous,  

sustainable   and   inclusive-­‐   are  grounded  on  practices   currently  under  way,   although  

many  of  these  must  be  improved,  extended  and  institutionalized.  These  concepts  are  

closely   related,   therefore   the   deployment   of   all   three   is   required   to   give   form   and  

substance   to   the   necessary   relationship   of   trust   and   dialogue   between   the   parties  

concerned.  Mining  development  and   its   success  can   then  meet   the  expectations  of  a  

better  quality  of  life  and  a  greater  well-­‐being  of  all  the  people  in  Chile.  

 

2.   Agenda   of   strategic   priorities   for   a   virtuous,   sustainable   and   inclusive  

mining  industry.  

 

To  build  the  mining   industry  motivated  by  the  vision  we  have  agreed  upon  requires  

launching   a   comprehensive   set   of   initiatives.   These   involve   public   and   private  

responsibilities,   a   significant   mobilization   of   resources   and,   above   all,     persistence  

over   time.  The   commission   shaped   its   proposals   around   strategic   priorities,   putting  

forth  a  set  of  concrete  initiatives  for  each  of  them.  These  are  detailed  in  the  annexes  

accompanying  this  report,  as  well  as  others  that  serve  as  a  complement.  

 

To  achieve  the  goals  set  by  the  commission  we  must  begin  to  act  now.  Therefore,  the  

commission  along  with  public  authorities  and  the  corresponding  parties  in  the  private  

sector,  agreed  to  launch  the  implementation  of  a  series  of  initiatives  in  2015  that  are  

central  to  move  in  the  desired  direction.  The  decision  to  go-­‐ahead  with  these  actions  

bears   witness   to   the   commitment   of   business   and   government   with   the   proposed  

agenda.  

 

2.1-­‐  Immediate  agenda:  ten  commitments  that  start  in  2015.  

 

a. To   complete   the   institutional   development   proposed   in   Section   3.   These  

institutions  are  required  as  drivers  for  the  emergence  of  a  virtuous,  sustainable  

and   inclusive   mining   industry.   The   public   and   private   sectors   provide   the  

resources  required  to  promote  this  immediate  agenda.  

 

b.  To  promote  a  dialogue  aimed  at  building  a  shared  vision  of  mining’s  future  

based   on   the   stated   proposal   of   a   virtuous,   sustainable   and   inclusive   mining  

industry.  This  task  should  be  the  responsibility  of  a  public-­‐private  council  and  can  

begin   with   the   search   for   agreements   on   crucial   issues   between   the   mining  

industry  and  the  community  of  citizens  at  large,  as  is  the  case  of  water  resources.  

Dialogue   is  essential   to  build  trust  and  develop  a  narrative  that  demonstrates  the  

contribution   of   mining   to   Chile’s   social   and   economic   development,   one   that   is  

supported   and   understood   by   the   public.   The   resulting   definitions   will   lay   the  

foundations  for  a  broad  and  firm  commitment  of  the  entire  nation  with  its  mining  

industry.  Particularly  relevant  will  be  to  feed  this  dialogue  with  an  analysis  of  the  

challenges   and  obstacles   faced  by   the  next   generation  of  mining  projects.  Among  

these   is   the  development  of   large-­‐scale  mining   in  Central  Chile   (IV   to  VI  Region).    

Mining   resources   available   in   these   regions   represent   16%   of   world   copper  

reserves   and   50%   of   the   national   mining   potential.   However,   this   territory   is  

inhabited   by   nearly   60%   of   the   population   engaged   in   multiple   and   significant  

activities.  Therefore,  there  are  varied  uses  of  soil  and  other  resources  that  must  be  

considered  to  make  viable  the  future  of  mining  in  this  region.  

 

A   public-­‐private   consortium   has   already   started   work   to   identify   risks   and  

opportunities   for  mining   in   these   regions   and   to   specify   the   actions   required   to  

address  them.  It  is  essential  to  maintain  and  strengthen  this  effort  under  the  aegis  

of   the   suggested   public-­‐private   institutional   framework   and,   above   all,   to  

incorporate  the  viewpoint  of  citizens  in  this  process.  

 

c.  To  build  and  finance  collaborative  R  &  D  +  i  initiatives  by  mining  companies  

and   their   suppliers.   These   initiatives   will   incorporate   a   set   of   relevant   projects  

focusing  on  technological  challenges  and  innovation.  All  these  projects  are  aligned  

with  the  proposed  vision  and  they  cover  issues  related  to  exploration,  processing,  

sustainability  (including  energy  and  water)  and  inclusive  association  (relationships  

with   communities   and   generation   of   shared   value).   In   order   to   give   maximum  

legitimacy  to  this  R  &  D  +  i  agenda,  its  contents  are  to  be  discussed  with  the  Public-­‐

Private   Council   that   will   be   created   as   part   of   the   agreements   promoted   by   the  

Commission.   The   founders   of   this   concerted   effort   may   invite   other   firms,  

producers   or   suppliers,   to   participate   in   the   board   of   the   Council,   in   specific  

projects   or   in   related   consortia.  During  2015  at   least   two  R  +  D  +   i   collaborative  

projects  will  be  launched.  

 

Carrying   out   these   objectives   implies   a   definition   of   the   principles   that   will  

materialize   in   the   respective   contracts   in   order   to   facilitate   the   development   of  

collaborative  relationships  between  mining  companies  and  suppliers  as  well  as  the  

scaling   of   their   joint   initiatives.   Furthermore,   the   initiative   must   structure   and  

make  public   a   transparent  map  of   supply   and  demand   for   research,   services   and  

technologies   to   guide   the   development   of   the   capacities   needed   to   put   them   on  

stream.  

d.   To   expand   and   enhance   the   ongoing   program   for   the   development   of  

world-­‐class  mining  providers  and  other  similar  initiatives.  During  2015,  at  least  

two  additional  mining  companies  will  develop  programs  of  this  type.  The  idea  is  to  

scale  the  effort  which  aims  to  achieve  the  targets  set  in  the  vision  of  this  document,  

and   at   the   same   time   obtain   an   adequate   return   for   the   projects.   As   part   of   the  

program,  producers  and  providers  should  tailor  specific  contractual  arrangements  

applicable  to   incremental   innovation  projects  and  technological  breakthroughs  by  

the   exchange   of   information   concerning   the   risks   and   benefits   of   the   projected  

ventures.  A   second   action   is   to   grant   greater   visibility   to  mining   sector   suppliers  

through  a  characterization  process  validated  by  third  parties.  Finally,  the  program  

considers  setting  up  a  scheme  to  attract  major  global  suppliers.  The  purpose  is  to  

bring  their  technical  capabilities  to  Chile  in  collaboration  with  local  counterparts,  in  

the  expectation  that  they  help  integrate  these  local  providers  into  the  global  value  

chains.   The   funding   of   this   program   corresponds   to   the   mining   companies,  

suppliers  and  the  State,  in  proportions  to  be  agreed  upon.  

 

e.   To   enhance   the   productivity   of   mining,   through   a   technical   institution   in  

charge   of   monitoring   and   analyzing   the   factors   affecting   productivity   and  

proposing   measures   to   increase   it.   This   could   be   a   priority   for   the   Productivity  

Commission  promoted  by  the  Ministry  of  Economy.  

 

f.   To   improve   the   regulatory   framework   of   the   free,   ex-­‐ante   and   informed  

consultation   process   of   the   native   people   and   initiate   a   dialogue   on   matters  

questioned   by   them   concerning   Regulation   66.   It   is   necessary   to   encourage   the  

construction   of   specific   frameworks   for   ex-­‐ante   consultation   that   fits   the   context  

and  needs  of   each   indigenous  group   in   line  with   the   requirements  of  Convention  

No.  169  of  the  International  Labour  Organization.  We  also  observe  the  existence  of  

unclear  concepts  in  these  regulations  that  can  be  clarified  within  a  dialogue  in  good  

faith.    

 

Academic  meetings  for  reflection,  debate  and  dialogue  between  interested  parties  

and  native   and  non-­‐native   experts   in   relations  between   communities   and  mining  

are   also   advisable.   The   aim   is   to   create   a   shared   vision   of   the   opportunities   and  

mutual  benefits  that  mining  can  offer  all  stakeholders,  and  also  to  clarify  and  agree  

upon  standards  and  regulations  applicable  to  the  industry  and  the  State,  in  its  role  

as  consultant  and  guarantor  of  the  rights  of  indigenous  peoples.  

 

g.   To   strengthen   the   availability   of   geological   information   and   improve   the  

access   to  mining   property.   In   line  with   the   recently  announced  pro-­‐investment  

agenda  of  the  Bachelet  administration,  we  suggest  moving  towards  the  creation  of  a  

database  on  mineral  exploration  and  geological  resources  following  the  standards  

of   the   most   advanced   mining   economies.   In   addition   to   this,   we   should   study  

mechanisms   to   provide   greater   liquidity   to   the   mining   property   market   to  

stimulate   its   effective   exploitation.   One   example   is   to   establish   a   progressive   toll  

when  the  owner  shows  no  advances  in  the  exploitation  of  the  resource.  

 

h.  To  fortify  the  capacities  of  environmental  institutions.  This  will  be  financed  

by  the  Strategic  Investment  Fund  for  an  amount  of  approximately  US  $  35  million  

annually.  These  revenues  will  seek:  

i.   The   design   and   implementation   of   a   program   for   the   accreditation   of  

laboratories   and   environmental   services   endowed   with   high   standards   for  

monitoring  and  assuring  quality.  This  will  be  a  key  contribution  to   improving  

environmental  monitoring  capabilities.  A   top  priority  will  be   the  socialization  

of  the  new  environmental  management  system  by  developing  a  demonstrative  

example  based  on  the  strict  overseeing  of  one  specific  area  of  compliance,  such  

as  the  current  regulations  over  emissions  by  thermo-­‐electrical  plants.    

ii.   The   development   of   environmental   norms,   regulations   and  

recommendations  for  the  mining  sector  based  on  best  industrial  practices.  

iii.   The   establishment   of   funding   alternatives   for   world   class   R   &   D   centers  

which   put   into   practice   specific   capacities   for   characterizing   the   state   of   the  

environment.  The  objective  is  to  systematically  produce  information  about  the  

state   of   resources   such   as   water,   soil,   air,   biodiversity   and   the   eco-­‐systemic  

services  of  the  territory.  This  information  will  support  the  process  of  strategic  

environmental   assessment.   It  will   also   allow   for   the   definition   of   criteria   for  

integrated  protection  and  optimal  compensation  of  biodiversity.  

iv.  The  launching  of  a  plan  for  strategic  environmental  assessments  in  locations  

declared  national  priority  due  to  the  existing  environmental  risk.  This  plan  will  

generate  environmental  baselines  –freely  available  to  the  public–  in  prioritized  

territories  based  on  their  potential  for  mining  and  energy  development.  

 i.  The  new  institutional   framework  will  put   together  a  proposal   for  conduct  

standards   for   all   the   actors   of   the  mining   industry   in   relation   to   the   labor,  

productive,  social  and  environmental  setting.  The  idea  is  to  agree  on  standards  

in  areas  such  as  occupational  safety,  integrity  and  transparency,  energy  efficiency,  

use   of   water   and   water   sources,   recycling,   emissions   and   community   relations.  

These   standards  will   stem   from   the  best  national   and   international  practices  and  

lead  to  the  sustainable  and  inclusive  evolution  of  the  extractive  activity.  To  this  end  

companies  will  set  verifiable  annual  targets  of  compliance  to  standards.  

 

j.   To   continue   strengthening   the  national   research   capacity   and  expand   the  

number  of  researchers  working  in  areas  relevant  to  the  development  of   the  

virtuous,   sustainable  and   inclusive  mining   industry.  According  to  the  analysis  

conducted   by   the   Commission,   Chile   currently   has   roughly   350   researchers   of  

excellence  in  these  areas.  This  number  is  clearly  insufficient  and  much  less  than  in  

countries   with   a   mining   development   lower   than   ours.   The   public   sector   will  

promote   actions   to   bring   the  number  of   active   researchers   in   these   areas   to   600  

within  three  years,  beginning  with  an  increase  of  100  researchers  during  2016.  The  

diagnosis  of  priority  areas  for  research,  as  well  as  the  preparation  of  the  documents  

needed  to  invite  applicants,  will  conclude  in  2015.  The  Commission  proposes  that  

by   2025   there   will   be   at   least   1,000   researchers   of   excellence   in   areas   directly  

linked  to  the  development  of  mining.  

k.  To  conduct  studies  co-­‐financed  by  mining  and  electricity   (generation  and  

transmission)   companies   to   determine   the   energy   requirements   of   the  

mining  industry.  These  studies  will  focus  on  the  new  generation  and  transmission  

capacities  associated  with  mining  development  and  will  include  a  technological  mix  

to  improve  the  competitiveness  of  Chile  in  relation  to  other  exporting  countries  in  

terms  of  costs,  carbon  footprint  and  freshwater  use.  

 

2.2   Five   strategic   development   priorities   for   a   virtuous,   sustainable   and  

inclusive  mining  industry.  

 

The  proposal  laid  out  up  to  this  point  is  the  result  of  the  work  of  subcommittees  from  

the  Commission  for  Mining  and  Development  of  Chile.  Its  conclusions  are  presented  in  

the  annexes  to  this  report   that  provide  details  on  the  suggested   ideas.  We  recognize  

that  in  many  cases  it   is  necessary  to  continue  working  to  define  more  accurately  the  

specific  policies.  

 

Before  setting  out  the  strategic  priorities  it  is  important  to  note  that  many  of  them  are  

not   only   applicable   to  mining.   They   are   priorities  with   a   national   scope   and   have   a  

strong  impact  on  mining  activity,  but  they  must  be  assumed  as  a  whole.  However,  in  

several   instances   this   proposal   suggests   to   begin   confronting   the  mining   challenges  

immediately.   The   size   of   the  mining   sector   and   the  willingness   of   several   actors   to  

collaborate  could  help  bring  forth  lessons  for  the  definition  of  a  general  policy.  It  could  

also  help  speed  up  pressing  decisions  for  the  crystallization  of  the  new  conception  of  

mining   contained   in   this   proposal.  We  present   the   strategic   guidelines   designed   for  

the  advent  of  a  virtuous,  sustainable  and  inclusive  mining  industry  in  the  following.  

 

1.   To   strengthen   productivity   and   innovation   in   mining:   make   Chile   part   of  

global   value   chains.   The   huge   buying   power   of   mining   offers   the   possibility   of  

boosting   a   local   industry   of   world-­‐class   mining   suppliers.   This,   however,   requires  

multiple   actions   from   the   public   and   private   sectors   and,   above   all,   bolstering  

cooperation  between  them  both.  Some  of  the  required  tasks  have  been  expressed  as  

priorities  for  2015.  This  is  the  case  of  joint  initiatives  and  the  coordinated  action  of  the  

public   sector.   However,   additional   actions   are   required.   Paramount   among   them   is  

risk-­‐sharing   facilities   for   piloting   and   testing   the   technologies   that   are   being  

developed.  

 

We  also  need  to  continue  invigorating  our  research  capacity.  To  the  proposed  increase  

in   the   number   of   top   researchers,   it   is   necessary   to   add   the   investment   in  

infrastructure  and  equipment   required   to  bring   this   agenda   to   fruition.  The   sector’s  

human   resources   base   should   also   be   reinforced.   We   therefore   suggest   the  

implementation   of   a   system   of   qualification   of   mining   skills   in   every   educational  

institution  offering   technical  and  professional   training   in  mining  and   the  creation  of  

three   training   centers   for   them.   Another   idea   is   to   implement   an   international  

program  to  attract  mining  talents  from  abroad.  

 

Additionally,   it   is   necessary   to   continue   building   up   the   ecosystem   of  

entrepreneurship   and   innovation.  Greater   access   to   financing   is   also  needed   so   that  

mining   providers   succeed   in   developing   their   activities,   especially   knowledge-­‐

intensive  suppliers  in  services,  technology  and  equipment.  The  result  will  be  to  induce  

both  local  and  foreign  investors  to  scale  up  their  undertaking.    

 

We   should   also   implement   a   policy   to   position   Chile   internationally   as   the   mining  

center  of  the  future,  coupled  with  a  program  to  attract  large  multinational  suppliers  to  

conduct  productive  and   innovative  activities   from  Chile.  We  can   leverage   the  Pacific  

Alliance  to  the  same  purpose,  enhancing  our  industry  in  partnership  with  countries  in  

the  region.    

 

Finally,   we   should   emphasize   the   importance   of   the   energy,   logistics   and   transport  

sectors  (and  of  a  potential  water  supply  industry)  to  provide  for  the  mining  industry.  

Therefore  we  must  fortify  the  links  between  the  representatives  of  these  sectors  and  

the  local  communities  with  the  people  dedicated  to  elaborating  these  policies.  

2.   To   establish   a   Fund   for   Promoting   Citizen   Participation.     It   is   necessary   to  

increase   citizen   participation   and   improve   the   quality  management   of   its   processes  

with  exacting  standards   for  procedures  and  outcomes.  We  propose  the  creation  of  a  

Fund   for   Promoting   Citizen   Participation   for   encouraging   and   facilitating   public  

participation  under   equal   conditions   of   representation   for   the  diverse   stakeholders.  

The  Fund  will  back  the  training  of  players,  facilitate  dialogue  and  launch  advocacy  and  

education  campaigns  on  the  substance  and  procedures  of  dialogue.   It  would  then  be  

possible  to  lay  down  the  conditions  for  all  participants  to  represent  their  interests  and  

honor   the   commitments   arising   from   the   negotiations.   Additionally,   we   suggest  

devising  and  implementing  a  register  of  specialized  consultants.    

 

The  strengthening  of  participation  requires  considering  the  municipality  as  a  relevant  

space  for  social  dialogue,  because  the  municipality  articulates  the  social  involvement  

of   the   community,   should   ensure   the   representation   and   legitimacy   of   participating  

organizations.  It  is  therefore  necessary  for  the  local  councils  of  civic  organizations  and  

the  municipality   to   keep   an   updated   registry   of   the   priorities   of   the   inhabitants   of  

these   localities.   In   this  way,   these  priorities  can  be  considered  when  companies  and  

communities  negotiate  undertakings  of  mutual  benefit.  

 

We  propose  the  execution  of  pilot  participation  initiatives  to  support  the  definition  of  

standards   for  carrying  out   the  processes  of  consultation  and  participation   in  mining  

projects.  

 

3.  To  step  up  the  intercultural  dialogue.  The  country  needs  to  create  conditions  for  

a   harmonious   coexistence   between   different   cultures   and   people.   We   propose   two  

parallel  actions  in  an  effort  to  create  a  convergence.  The  first  aims  to  resolve  historical  

problems,   the  second  to   implement  representative,   timely  and  effective  mechanisms  

validated  by  the  communities  concerning  the  free,  ex-­‐ante  and  informed  consultation.  

Both  tasks  must  be  assumed  within  a  public  policy  that  includes  process  and  outcome  

standards,  and  the  resources  required  for  their  implementation.  Among  other  things,  

this   policy   requires   training   public   officials   responsible   for   executing   and   defining  

standards   and   methodologies   for   social   participation   (including   how   to   evaluate  

them).  The  policy  also  needs  an  information  system  to  feed  the  intercultural  dialogue.  

 

Solving  historical  problems  must  consider  a  clear-­‐cut  delimitation  by  the  State  of  the  

territories   which   belong   to   native   people.   For   the   mining   industry,   it   is   of   utmost  

importance   what   happens   in   the   northern   part   of   the   country.   It   is   also   highly  

desirable   to   begin   a   dialogue  with   each   indigenous   group   about   the  ways   in  which  

they  benefit  from  national  and  regional  development,  with  full  respect  for  their  rights.  

Likewise,  it  is  necessary  to  define  a  representation  system  for  intercultural  dialogue.  

 

This   enterprise   calls   for   the   creation   of   a   public   agency   specializing   in   the   design,  

implementation   and   evaluation  of   intercultural   dialogue.   This   agency  would   also   be  

responsible  for  conducting  consultations  in  coordination  with  the  administrative  and  

legislative  bodies  whose  main  obligation  is  to  perform  these  processes.  

 

At   the   same   time,   we   must   consider   that   no   institutional   modification   can   stop,  

undermine   or   slow   down   the   environmental   assessment   or   the   consultation  

processes.   Therefore,   the   parties   must   recognize   and   reinforce   the   current  

responsibility  of  the  Environmental  Assessment  Service  (SEA)  as  a  temporary  solution  

until   the  new  institutions  are  put   into  place.  Both  the  new  agency  and  the  SEA  must  

maintain   close   coordination   so   that   the   single-­‐window   system   applied   to   relevant  

investment  projects   is  respected.  This  mandates  that  only  one   institution  will  define  

the   eventual   involvement   of   communities   that,   if   indigenous,   require   a   formal  

consultation  process.  

   

Again  it  appears  appropriate  that  this  new  institutional  framework  is  grounded  on  a  

concrete  experience  of  intercultural  dialogue.  Therefore,  we  suggest  a  pilot  experience  

with   the   Atacama   people   to   shed   light   on   the   challenges   triggered   by   a   genuine  

intercultural   dialogue.   The   experience   can   then   be   replicated   with   other   native  

peoples  facing  a  similar  situation.  

4.   To   enhance   the   capacity   and   legitimacy   of   environmental   Institutions   for  

mining.   The   environmental   institutions   of   the   country   need   to   accelerate   their  

improvement   and   strengthening   processes.   A   significant   progress   is   necessary   in  

order   to   avoid   discretional   measures   and   increase   efficiency,   supported   by   real  

overseeing  and  control  capacities.  It  is  also  essential  to  ensure  coherence  between  the  

different   laws   and   regulations   that   govern   the   relationship   of   mining   with   the  

environment.   Currently,  many   regulatory   norms   overlap,   dampening   the   efficacy   of  

the   system.   The   weaknesses   of   the   current   scheme   generate   public   distrust   and  

judicial   uncertainty   among   investors   from  diverse   types  of   industries.  Given   its   size  

and   importance   for   the   country,   mining   provides   a   good   opportunity   to   test   new  

mechanisms   to   increase   the   capacity   for   effective   action   by   the   environmental  

authority  and,  as  a  result,  to  validate  the  new  institutions.  

 

A   first  challenge   is   the  evolution  of   the  current  regulatory   framework,  which   is  very  

general,   towards   a   system   based   on   standards   and   references   for   each   productive  

sector.  This  system  and  its  full  compliance  should  gradually  replace  the  huge  number  

of   RCAs     (administrative   document   that   certifies   the   environmental   approval   or  

rejection  of  a  project)  that,  because  of  their  quantity,  complicate  or  make  their  control  

impossible.  We  aspire  to  a  model  where  the  processes  to  grant  environmental  permits  

are  based  on  verifying  that  the  projects  being  evaluated  incorporate  the  best  available  

control   techniques   (BAT).   Greater   environmental   protection   will   result   in   further  

reducing   discretion   in   the   evaluation   process.   The   best   control   techniques   will   be  

determined   in   a   transparent   process   involving   the   industry,   government   agencies,  

research   centers   and   NGOs.     The   idea   is   to   ensure   robust,   simple,   efficient   and  

transparent   studies   by   the   institution   in   charge   (Environmental   Impact   Studies  

Service  SEIA).  

 

This   effort   to   strengthen   environmental   institutions   should   also  be   applied   in   other  

industries,  based  on  the  evolution  process  of  environmental  management   led  by  the  

mining   sector.   An   increase   in   the   capacity   to  monitor   the   rules   and   resolutions   for  

environmental  qualification  is  also  necessary.  Generating  knowledge  and  capabilities  

for   the   control   and  monitoring   of   the   industry’s   discharges   and   impacts   in   order   to  

verify  the  compliance  with  rules  and  regulations  is  a  requirement  to  accomplish  this  

task.    

 

Recognizing  the  inadequacy  of  the  State  concerning  its  capacities  in  this  area  and  the  

need  to  count  on  the  necessary  human  resources  and  infrastructure  required  for  the  

task,  we  suggest  charging  companies  an  “entry  fee”  for  each  project  they  send  to  the  

SEIA.   If   approved,   the   collected   sums   could   finance   the   increase   in   analysis   and  

control   capacity   of   environmental   compliance   in   investment   projects.   This   would  

allow   the   State   to   commit   to   shorter   deadlines   for   environmental   assessments   and  

improve   levels   of   analysis   in   monitoring   tasks.   The   result   would   generate   greater  

public  confidence  in  the  institutional  framework,  and  greater  security  to  citizens  and  

investors.   In  parallel,   it   is  appropriate  to  fortify  the  private  system  of  environmental  

audits  certified  by  the  State  as  a  complement  to  the  public  activity  in  the  field.  

 

An  essential  add-­‐on  to  carry  out  the  above  tasks   is  to   temper  and  bring  forward  the  

processes   of   citizen   participation   within   the   SEIA   as   stated   in   the   corresponding  

section   of   this   document.   It   is   important   to   note   that   improvement   in   the  

environmental  institutions  and  in  public  participation  processes  require  simultaneity  

since  they  complement  one  another.    

 

Along  with   the  enhancement  of   the  public   environmental   framework,   it   is   advisable  

that   each   and   every   company   shows   its   commitments   to   sustainability   in   a  

transparent  manner,  defining  verifiable  and   transparent  goals   (five-­‐year  and  annual  

reports)   in  matters   such   as   energy   efficiency,   water   use   and   sources,   recycling,   air  

emissions,  biodiversity  management  and  emission  of  greenhouse  gases.  The  idea  is  to  

lay   out   criteria   and   standards   for   the   coexistence   of   companies   and   mining   cities,  

using   mining   as   a   driving   force   for   the   development   and   the   improvement   of   the  

quality  of  life  in  these  places.  There  are  several  successful  examples  in  Chile  and  other  

countries.  The  same  applies  to  specific  communities.  There  are  a  growing  number  of  

mutually   beneficial   agreements   between   the   mining   industry   and   native   and   other  

types  of  communities.  It  is  also  advisable  to  grant  them  the  right  to  participate  in  the  

closure  and  abandonment  plans.  

 

Finally,   another   priority   is   to   advance   in   the   renewal   of   the   full   register   of  

environmental  passives   in  agreement  with  current  environmental  standards  and  the  

enactment  of  a  law  on  environmental  passives  applicable  to  all  the  industries.  

 

5.  To  buttress  social  inclusion  in  the  public  and  private  use  of  mining  revenues.  

One   main   aspect   of   the   effort   to   build   public   confidence   in   mining   and   in   the  

institutional  regulating  framework  is  that  the  public  perceives  a   fair  the  distribution  

of   mining   income.   This   could   be   accomplished   either   by   tax   decentralization,   by  

targeting   objectives   of   mutual   benefit   and/or   the   emergence   of   new   development  

opportunities.  Particularly  significant  is  distributing  a  larger  share  of  mining  profits  to  

the  communities  surrounding  its  operations.  

 

This  requires  a  better  understanding  of  the  collection  and  disbursement  of  the  mining  

rent  by  all  parties  involved.  In  the  same  vein,  we  suggest  a  comparative  study  on  the  

effective   taxation   of   mining   in   Chile   in   relation   to   other   nations   exporting   mining  

products,  to  make  citizens  more  knowledgeable  on  the  subject.  

 

Likewise,   it   is   essential   that   the   population   living   around  mining   centers   receive   a  

verifiable  part  (to  be  established)  of  the  specific  mining  taxes  and  patents  paid  by  the  

industry.   To   achieve   this   objective   we   propose   a   larger   decentralization   of   current  

taxes.   This   can   happen   once   the  monies   collected   from  mining   patents   or   from   the  

Investment   Fund   for   Competitiveness   (that   is   financed   by   a   specific   tax   on  mining,  

assuring   it   will   be   used   exclusively   for   innovation)   is   left   in   the   hands   of   local  

authorities.   Other   ideas   can   be   explored.   One   possibility,   for   example,   is   that   a  

percentage   of   the   investment   by   mining   companies   in   local   development   or  

community   projects   is   accounted   as   a   credit   for   future   income   taxes.   These   funds  

would  be  allocated  to  the  community  through  respective  local  or  regional  authorities.  

The   increase   in   the   money   available   for   local   development   projects   must   be  

accompanied   by   a   corresponding   increase   in   efficiency,   transparency   and  

participation  in  the  use  of  these  resources.  

 

Furthermore,  considering  the  projected  law  of  associativity  discussed  in  the  context  of  

energy  policy,  we  propose  developing  a   common  criteria  and  not   separate   formulas  

for   specific   economic   sectors.   The   existence   of   a   single   instrument   is   highly  

recommended  to  avoid  confusion  and  overlapping  rules.  

 

We  endorse   the   creation  of   an   institutional   framework,   to  manage   resources  and   to  

select   the   social   projects   that   encourage   dialogue   and   the   building   of   confidence  

between  company  and  community,  as  well  as  to  promote  fiscal  decentralization.  It  is  

also  necessary  to  avoid  politicking  and  the  intermediation  of  external  agents  that  have  

their  own  agendas.  

 

Another  necessary  condition  to  bolster  public  trust  and  fairness  is  that  the  State  and  

the  industry  invest  in  regional  sustainable  projects  beyond  mining.  In  this  context,  the  

creation   of   shared   value   through   a   dialogue   resulting   in   a   commitment   between  

stakeholders  to  reach  agreements  on  mutual  benefits  is  very  important.  It  is  therefore  

useful   to   agree   on   impact/benefit   standards   that   include   mechanisms   for   dispute  

resolution,  transparency  of  information  on  potential  impact  and  the  establishment  of  

a  system  to  monitor  and  evaluate  commitments.  

 

The  aforementioned  standards  should  stem  from  the  new  institutional  framework  and  

refer  to  the  process  (social  and  intercultural  dialogue)  and  the  result  (agreements  of  

mutual  benefit).  The  companies  will  then  make  public  their  verifiable  goals  and  report  

their  progress.  

 

Finally,  it  is  suggested  to  reinforce  dialogue  within  the  mining  company,  between  the  

different  organizational  levels  of  the  enterprise  and  between  the  company  and  unions.  

The  objective  is  that  all  players  can  commit  themselves  to  the  changes  required  by  the  

industry  and  maintain  sustainable   labor  relationships.   In  this  regard,  a  special  effort  

should   be   made   to   increase   the   recruitment   of   women   and   members   of   the   local  

communities  where  the  company  operates  as  well  as  to  take  into  consideration  small  

and   medium   enterprises   in   the   vicinity.   In   these   matters   companies   could   adopt  

verifiable  standards.  

 

3.   Institutional   framework   for   a   virtuous,   inclusive   and   sustainable  mining  

industry.  

 

The   mining   sector   of   the   future   requires   an   institutional   framework   that   ensures  

coordination  of  actions  between   the  public   sector  and   the  private   sector  and  within  

each   of   them.   We   therefore   propose   creating   three   instances   of   coordination:   i)   A  

Public-­‐Private   Council   that   would   be   responsible   for   guiding   and   coordinating   the  

process   to   define   and   implement   this   proposal;   ii)   An   Office   for   Collaborative  

Initiatives   that   articulates   the   actions   co-­‐financed   by   companies   to   support   and  

forward  the  agenda;  and  iii)  A  Coordination  Bureau  of  Public  Initiatives,  in  charge  of  

coordinating   the   different   government   organisms   involved   in   this   proposal   and  

reporting  their  progress.  The  annex  presents  more  details  about  the  composition  and  

tasks  of  these  institutions.  

 

a.   The   Public-­‐Private   Council   will   be   responsible   for   following   up   on   the  

initiatives  for  2015  outlined  earlier  as  well  as  guiding  the  implementation  of  the  

Agenda   for  a  virtuous,   sustainable  and   inclusive  mining.  This   involves  directing,  

supervising   and   evaluating   the   progress   of   the   agenda   as   well   as   informing   all  

stakeholders.  The  Council  will  also  convoke  meetings  and  dialogues  between  the  

different  parties  interested  in  enriching  and  updating  the  agenda  and  reinforcing  

its  efficacy.  At  least  every  three  years,  the  Council  will  update  the  agenda  based  on  

lessons   from   national   and   international   experience.   Finally,   the   Council   will  

review   and   facilitate   the   discussion   of   the   effect   of   regulatory   and   legislative  

changes  in  mining.  

 

We  recommend  that  the  Council  defines  a  shared  national  vision  to  promote  the  

development   of   a   virtuous,   sustainable   and   inclusive   mining   industry   during  

2015.  

 

b.  The  Office  of  Collaborative  Initiatives  is  driven  by  the  companies  that  outline  

and  articulate   the  actions   they   co-­‐finance   to  promote   the  agenda.  Therefore   the  

office   informs   and   seeks   agreement   with   the   Council   concerning   these   actions.  

The  participating  companies  will  create   their  system  of  governance  and  manage  

the   use   of   the   resources   they   invest   or   spend.   It   has   been   estimated   that   the  

investment  or  spending  could  reach  the  level  of  $  25  million  annually  and  will  be  

complemented  by  resources  or  actions  on  the  part  of  the  State.  

 

c.   The   Coordination   Bureau   of   Public   Initiatives   is   in   charge   of   an   existing  

government   body   (to   be   defined)  which   points   out  what   department   bears   the  

institutional  responsibilities  for  specific  initiatives  and  what  public  resources  are  

available  to  implement  the  agenda,  informing  the  Council  on  the  public  objectives  

of  the  various  executors.  

   

Participants  in  the  elaboration  and  agreements  included  in  this  document.   �  Alberto  Salas,  National  Society  for  Medium  and  Small-­‐Sized  Mines,  President.  �  Álvaro  García,  Commission  for  Mining  and  Development  of  Chile,  Coordinator  �  Bárbara  Saavedra,  Wildlife  Conservation  Society  –  Chile,  Director.  �  Bernardo  Larraín  Matte,  Colbún  Electric  Company,  President  �  Diego  Hernández,  Antofagasta  Minerals,  CEO  �  Edgar  Basto,  BHP  Billiton  Copper,  President  �  Felipe  Purcell,  Angloamerican  Chile,    Vicepresident  of  Corporate  Affairs.  �  Gerardo  Rojas,  Municipality  of  Salamanca,  Mayor.  �  Gianni  López,  Centro  Mario  Molina  Chile,  Director.  �  Gonzalo  Rivas,  CNIC  -­‐  Commission  for  Mining  and  Development  of  Chile,  President.    �  Hennie  Faul,  Anglo  American,  CEO.  �  Ignacio  Irarrázaval,  Center  for  Public  Policies,  Catholic  University,  Director.  �  Javier  Ruiz  del  Solar,  Advanced  Mining  Technology  Center,  Universidad  de  Chile.  �  Jean  Paul  Luksic,  Antofagasta  Minerals,  President.  �  Joaquín  Villarino,  Mining  Council,  CEO  �  Jorge  Bande,  Center  for  copper  and  Mining  Studies  (CESCO),  Director.  �  Juan  Andrés  Fontaine,  Fontaine  Consultores.  

�  Juan  Asenjo,  Chilean  Academy  of  Sciences,  President.  �  Leopoldo  Reyes,  Sudmetal,  Director.  �  María  Eliana  Arntz,  Intercultural  Program,  United  Nations.  �  Mauro  Valdés,  Mining  Program,  CORFO-­‐Fundación  Chile,  President.  �  Óscar  Landerretche,  Corporación  Nacional  del  Cobre-­‐  CODELCO,  President.  �  Pamela  Chávez,  General  manager,  Aguamarina  S.A.  �  Patricio  Meller,  Fundación  Chile,  President.  �  Raimundo  Espinoza,  Federación  de  Trabajadores  del  Cobre,  President.  �  Ricardo  Lagos  Escobar,  Fundación  Democracia  y  Desarrollo,    President.  �  Rolando  Carmona,  Drillco  Tools,  President.  �  Rolando  Humire,  National  Society  San  Pedro  de  Atacama,  President  �  Servet  Martínez,  Center  for  Mathematical  Modelling,  University  of  Chile,  Professor