Objectives - State College Area School District · 3 Periodic Table: Metals and Nonmetals •Layout...
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1 Unit 5.1 Periodic Table: Its Structure and Function Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys Objectives • Mendeleev • Information in the Periodic Table – Metals, nonmetals and metalloids – Main Group, Transition Metals, Rare Earth and Actinide Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany) published nearly identical classification schemes published nearly identical classification schemes for elements known to date. The periodic table is for elements known to date. The periodic table is base on the similarity of properties and base on the similarity of properties and reactivities exhibited by certain elements. Later, reactivities exhibited by certain elements. Later, Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) established that each elements has a unique atomic number, that each elements has a unique atomic number, which is how the current periodic table is which is how the current periodic table is organized. organized. http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
Transcript of Objectives - State College Area School District · 3 Periodic Table: Metals and Nonmetals •Layout...
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Unit 5.1 Periodic Table: ItsStructure and Function
Teacher: Dr. Van Der Sluys
Objectives
• Mendeleev• Information in the Periodic Table
– Metals, nonmetals and metalloids– Main Group, Transition Metals, Rare Earth
and Actinide
Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)In 1869 Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer (Germany)published nearly identical classification schemespublished nearly identical classification schemesfor elements known to date. The periodic table isfor elements known to date. The periodic table isbase on the similarity of properties andbase on the similarity of properties andreactivities exhibited by certain elements. Later,reactivities exhibited by certain elements. Later,Henri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) establishedHenri Moseley ( England,1887-1915) establishedthat each elements has a unique atomic number,that each elements has a unique atomic number,which is how the current periodic table iswhich is how the current periodic table isorganized.organized.
http://www.chem.msu.su/eng/misc/mendeleev/welcome.html
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Information About EachElement
1
H1.00794
Atomic Number
Atomic Symbol
Average Atomic Mass
Periodic Table Expanded View••The way the periodic table usuallyThe way the periodic table usuallyseen is a compress view, placingseen is a compress view, placingthe Lanthanides and actinides atthe Lanthanides and actinides atthe bottom of the stable.the bottom of the stable.••The Periodic Table can be arrange byThe Periodic Table can be arrange bysubshells. The s-block is Group IA andsubshells. The s-block is Group IA and& IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA.& IIA, the p-block is Group IIIA - VIIIA.The d-block is the transition metals, andThe d-block is the transition metals, andthe f-block are the Lanthanides andthe f-block are the Lanthanides andActinide metalsActinide metals
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Periodic Table: Metals andNonmetals
• Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1
IA
18
VIIIA
12
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
33
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
MetalsMetals NonmetalsNonmetals
Periodic Table: Classification• Metals - Solids, luster, conduct heat and electricity, malleable and ductile• Nonmetals - Gases, liquids or low melting solids that are sometimes brittle and nonconducting• Metalloids - Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Element along the stair case, except
aluminum, which is a metal.• Noble gases - Monoatomic, unreactive gases
Three Element Types:Main, Transition, Rare Earth
• Main Group (Representative)• Transition metals• lanthanides and actinides (rare earth)
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Across the Periodic TablePeriods:Periods: Are arranged horizontally across the Are arranged horizontally across the
periodic table (rows 1-7). periodic table (rows 1-7). These elementsThese elementshave the same number of valence shells.have the same number of valence shells.Their properties change systematically.Their properties change systematically.1
IA
18
VIIIA
12
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
33
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
2nd Period
6th Period
Down the Periodic Table••Families or groupsFamilies or groups:: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table Are arranged vertically down the periodic table(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B). These elements have the same(columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B). These elements have the samenumber electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.
1
IA
18
VIIIA
12
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
33
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
Infamous Families in Periodic Table
1
IA
18
VIIIA
12
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
33
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline(earth)
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
Noble GasNoble GasHalogenHalogen
ChalcogensChalcogens
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1
IA
18
VIIIA
12
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
2
33
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIIIB
10 11
IB
12
IIB
4
5
6
7
Important Elements
•• Individual members of selected Elements & theirIndividual members of selected Elements & theircharacteristicscharacteristics
H He
Li
Na
K Ca
Mg
Fe
I
Cl
F
P SSi
ONC
Al
ZnCu
Ag
Br
Summary
•• Periodic TablePeriodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter•• TypeType: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
– Groupings: Representative or main, transition and Lanthanide/Actanides
•• FamilyFamily: Elements in the same column have similarchemical property because of similar valence electrons– Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases
•• PeriodPeriod:: Elements in the same row have valence electronsin the same shell.
