Objectives of Lecture - kau.edu.sa and other...Objectives of Lecture By the end of this lecture, the...
Transcript of Objectives of Lecture - kau.edu.sa and other...Objectives of Lecture By the end of this lecture, the...
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Objectives of Lecture
By the end of this lecture, the student will be able to:
1. Describe different extrapyramidalcenters and tracts.
2. Define parkinsonism, chorea, athetosisand dystonia.
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3. List causes of extrapyramidal disorders.
4. Explain clinical picture of different extrapyramidal diseases.
5. List treatment of extrapyramidaldisorders.
6. Differentiate between involuntary movement in chorea, athetosis and dystonia.
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ExtrapyramidalDisorders
Ref.Elwan H : Principles of Neurology . University Book Center , Cairo , 2007.
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Extrapyramidal System• Definition .
Pontine
Mesencephalic
Diencephalic
Telencephalic
Cortical level
Cerebellarlevel
Centres
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BASAL GANGLIA
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Pyramidal and Extrapyramidal tracts
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Connections of ExtrapyramidalCenters
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• Functions .
Disturbance of Function
Static Tremors Rigidity Bradykinesia
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PARKINSONISM
• Definition .
• Causes .I – Idiopathic .II – Symptomatic .
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Substantia Nigra
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Clinical Picture
• Tremors.
• Rigidity.Differences between rigidity & spasticity .
• Loss of emotional and associative movements .
• Other clinical manifestations .
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Manifestations of Parkinsonism
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Differentiation between types of parkinsonism according to cause:
• Paralysis agitans.
• Post-encephalitic.
• Atherosclerotic.
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Treatment
Medical Aim• Anticholinergic drugs.• Levo-dopa.• Levo-dopa + Carbi-dopa (sinemet).• Dopaminergic agonists.SurgicalPallidectomy or Thalamotomy.
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Chorea
• Definition.• Causes.• Types.1. Rheumatic chorea (Sydenham’s).2. Huntigton’s chorea .
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Dancing involuntary movements
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Athetosis
Different hand movements in athetosis.
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Dystonia
• Types :Generalized Partial *Writer cramp.
*Oromandibular.*Blepharospasm .*Cervical dystonia.
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Cervical Dystonia
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