ObjectivesObjectives

Identify how the Hundred Years’ War Identify how the Hundred Years’ War affected England and France.affected England and France.

Analyze how Spain’s rulers both Analyze how Spain’s rulers both strengthened and weakened their nation.strengthened and weakened their nation.

Identify the factors that led to the decline Identify the factors that led to the decline of the Catholic Church in the later Middle of the Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages.Ages.

Describe how the Babylonian Captivity Describe how the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism affected the and the Great Schism affected the church.church.

Explain why great teachers and priests Explain why great teachers and priests challenged the church during the later challenged the church during the later Middle Ages.Middle Ages.

Chapter 14.5&14.6 TermsChapter 14.5&14.6 TermsHundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War

War of the RosesWar of the Roses

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

Louis XILouis XI

Great SchismGreat Schism

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe

Jan HussJan Huss

The Black DeathThe Black Death In 1347 the Black Death swept through Europe. In 1347 the Black Death swept through Europe. Began in Asia, spread along trade routes.Began in Asia, spread along trade routes. Dirty cities attracted rats. Dirty cities attracted rats. Rats carried the disease and spread it to people Rats carried the disease and spread it to people

through flees.through flees. Estimated that about 25 million people (1/3 of Estimated that about 25 million people (1/3 of

the population) died in Europe from 1347 -1351.the population) died in Europe from 1347 -1351. People’s faith in God was shaken, church lost People’s faith in God was shaken, church lost

some powersome power Relations between the upper and lower classes Relations between the upper and lower classes

changed.changed. Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher Workers, now in short supply, demanded higher

wages.wages. Peasants staged uprisings in several European Peasants staged uprisings in several European

countries. countries.

The Hundred Years’ The Hundred Years’ War War (1337 – 1453)(1337 – 1453)

1328 The king of 1328 The king of France died.France died.

English kingEnglish king Edward III claimed Edward III claimed the French throne.the French throne.

French Assembly French Assembly chose Philip VI.chose Philip VI.

1337 Edward 1337 Edward invaded France invaded France starting the starting the Hundred Years’ Hundred Years’ War.War.

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc French teenager French teenager

believed that God believed that God spoke to her spoke to her through visions.through visions.

Led the French to Led the French to victory against the victory against the English at Orleans.English at Orleans.

Was later captured Was later captured by the English, by the English, accused of heresy, accused of heresy, tortured, and tortured, and burned at the stake.burned at the stake.

Results of The Hundred Results of The Hundred Years’ WarYears’ War

The war lasted for 116 The war lasted for 116 years.years.

England lost the War. England lost the War. By 1453 France By 1453 France

controlled most of controlled most of England’s French lands.England’s French lands.

Saw the use of new Saw the use of new weapons in Europe.weapons in Europe.– longbowlongbow– Gun powder and cannons.Gun powder and cannons.

Parliament gained more Parliament gained more power over the king.power over the king.

The War of the Roses The War of the Roses (1455)(1455)

War between the houses of War between the houses of York and Lancaster for York and Lancaster for England’s throne.England’s throne.

In 1485 Henry Tudor of the In 1485 Henry Tudor of the House of Lancaster won the war House of Lancaster won the war by defeating King Richard III of by defeating King Richard III of York. York.

King Henry VII set up a strong King Henry VII set up a strong monarchy in England by monarchy in England by marring a daughter from the marring a daughter from the House of York. House of York.

A Fight for the French A Fight for the French ThroneThrone

French royal family French royal family was divided during was divided during the Hundred Years’ the Hundred Years’ War.War.

House of Burgundy House of Burgundy sided with the sided with the English against the English against the House of Orleans. House of Orleans.

Joan of Arc helped Joan of Arc helped unite France.unite France.

Charles VII of Charles VII of Orleans was crowned Orleans was crowned king of France.king of France.

The French backed The French backed their new king and their new king and drove out the drove out the English. English.

Return of a Strong Return of a Strong KingKing

During the Hundred During the Hundred Years’ War, the Years’ War, the French Estates French Estates General controlled General controlled finances and passed finances and passed laws.laws.

After the war the After the war the Estates General lost Estates General lost some of its power.some of its power.

In 1461 Louis XI In 1461 Louis XI followed Charles VII followed Charles VII as king.as king.

Louis made the Louis made the French monarchy French monarchy even stronger.even stronger.

Under Louis, France Under Louis, France became a united became a united country.country.

SpainSpain

Spain became a united nation in 1479 under Ferdinand of Spain became a united nation in 1479 under Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile.Aragon and Isabella of Castile.

In 1492 the Spanish army drove out the last of the Moors. In 1492 the Spanish army drove out the last of the Moors. Ferdinand and Isabella took power away from church courts Ferdinand and Isabella took power away from church courts

and from the nobles.and from the nobles. Ordered all Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity or Ordered all Jews and Muslims to convert to Christianity or

leave Spain. leave Spain.

Church Power Church Power WeakensWeakens Power was Power was

shifting from shifting from popes to kings.popes to kings.

People began to People began to question church question church practices.practices.

1294 conflict 1294 conflict arose between arose between Pope Boniface Pope Boniface VIII and Philip VIII and Philip IV of France.IV of France.

The Babylonian The Babylonian CaptivityCaptivity

Philip IV has French Philip IV has French bishop, Clement V, bishop, Clement V, elected new pope.elected new pope.

1309, Clement 1309, Clement moved the moved the headquarters of the headquarters of the church to Avignon, church to Avignon, France. France.

After Clement, the After Clement, the next six popes lived next six popes lived in Avignon. in Avignon.

The years the popes The years the popes lived in Avignon are lived in Avignon are known as the known as the Babylonian Babylonian Captivity.Captivity.

The Great SchismThe Great Schism 1377, pope Gregory 1377, pope Gregory

XI returned to Rome. XI returned to Rome. After Gregory’s After Gregory’s

death the cardinals death the cardinals elect an Italian pope elect an Italian pope to please local mobs.to please local mobs.

Later the cardinals Later the cardinals elect a French pope elect a French pope that again moved the that again moved the church to Avignon.church to Avignon.

Until 1417 the church Until 1417 the church had at least two had at least two popes. popes.

The Council of The Council of Constance ended the Constance ended the

Great Schism.Great Schism. This period of church This period of church

history is called the history is called the Great Schism.Great Schism.

More Problems for the More Problems for the ChurchChurch

John Wycliffe a priest and teacher at John Wycliffe a priest and teacher at Oxford University began to criticize the Oxford University began to criticize the church.church.

Thought that individuals should be allowed Thought that individuals should be allowed to read and interpret scripture for to read and interpret scripture for themselves.themselves.

His ideas were appealing to many His ideas were appealing to many Europeans. Had the Bible translated to Europeans. Had the Bible translated to English.English.

Wycliffe’s questioning of church authority Wycliffe’s questioning of church authority set the stage for later reformers who set the stage for later reformers who would radically alter the history of the would radically alter the history of the Christian church. Christian church.

Convicted of heresy but spared execution. Convicted of heresy but spared execution. Banned from teaching and forced to retire.Banned from teaching and forced to retire.

More Problems for the More Problems for the ChurchChurch Jan Huss: Teacher at University of Jan Huss: Teacher at University of

Prague.Prague. Agreed with Wycliffe’s teachings Agreed with Wycliffe’s teachings

and began criticizing the church.and began criticizing the church. Hus was convicted of heresy, Hus was convicted of heresy,

excommunicated, and executed.excommunicated, and executed. Burned at the stake in 1415.Burned at the stake in 1415.

ReviewReview

How did the Hundred Years’ War affected How did the Hundred Years’ War affected England and France?England and France?

How did Spain’s rulers strengthen their How did Spain’s rulers strengthen their nation?nation?

What factors led to the decline of the What factors led to the decline of the Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages?Catholic Church in the later Middle Ages?

How did the Babylonian Captivity and the How did the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism affected the church?Great Schism affected the church?

How did great teachers and priests challenge How did great teachers and priests challenge the church during the later Middle Ages?the church during the later Middle Ages?