Objectives Explain how the structure and replication of DNA relates to heredity and protein...
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Transcript of Objectives Explain how the structure and replication of DNA relates to heredity and protein...
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Objectives
• Explain how the structure and replication of DNA relates to heredity and protein synthesis.
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The Discovery of DNA & Heredity
• How cells know how to produce your body, ATP, glucose, NADPH, chlorophyll, green eyes, noses, and fingers
• The passing on of the plans to make body parts from parent to child is called Heredity
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• We use a recipe to make chocolate cake
• Builders use blueprints to make a house
• What does the body use to make noses, hands, brains, and other body parts?
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
• How was this discovered?
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Frederick Griffith 1928
• Took two types of pneumonia bacteria and gave them to mice– Smooth bacteria caused
pneumonia
– Rough bacteria didn’t cause pneumonia
• Killed smooth bacteria and gave to mice but mice lived
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• Killed the smooth bacteria and mixed the contents with a rough live bacteria. The mice died.
• Somehow the rough bacteria had received an ingredient from the smooth that caused the mice to get pneumonia.
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1944 Avery, McCarty,Mcleod• Case 1:Took extract from killed bacteria,
destroyed the lipids, proteins, carbohydrates.
• Result: Bacteria still caused pneumonia.• Case 2: He destroyed RNA and gave
cytoplasm but mice still got pneumonia.• He destroyed DNA and gave cytoplasm to
mice and the mice lived!– Conclusion: DNA causes pneumonia.
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Hershey & Chase 1952
• Injected radioisotopes into Proteins & DNA. Mice cells that died had no sulfur from proteins, but did have Phosphorus from DNA.
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Franklin & Wilkins 1950
• X rayed DNA.
• Found it was a twisted ladder and has regularly spaced segments.
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Chargaff 1950
• Found nitrogen bases on DNA were in equal proportions.
• Adenine pairs with Thymine
• Cytosine pairs with Guanine.
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Watson and Crick 1953
• Made the first 3D model of DNA showing it was a double helix.
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DNA from Peas
• Blender
• Peas, Detergent, Meat tenderizer, Salt
• Isopropyl alcohol and glass rod.
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Draw a picture of DNA
• Label each side and nitrogen bases.
• Or make a model out of anything creative and label the parts.