Perineal tear classification

Perineal tear classification Lacerations are classified into four categories:[1] [2]First degree tear: laceration is limited to the fourchette and superficial perineal skin or vaginal mucosaSecond degree tear: laceration extends beyond fourchette, perineal skin and vaginal mucosa to perineal muscles and fascia, but not the anal sphincterThird degree tear: fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucosa, muscles, and anal sphincter are tornFourth degree tear: fourchette, perineal skin, vaginal mucosa, muscles, anal sphincter, and rectal mucosa are tornThird degree tears may be further subdivided into three subcategories:[3]3a: partial tear of the external anal sphincter involving less than 50% thickness3b: greater than 50% tear of the external anal sphincter3c: internal sphincter is torn

Uterine prolapse There are various grades: Grade 1 - where the uterus has reached the low half of the vagina. Grade 2 - where the uterus has reached the opening of the vagina. Grade 3 - where the uterus (cervix) is protruding outside the vagina. Grade 4 - where the whole uterus and vagina are completely outside the vaginal opening.Cervical cancer staging Stage 0 The carcinoma is confined to the surface layer (cells lining) of the cervix. Also called carcinoma in situ (CIS).Stage I The carcinoma has grown deeper into the cervix, but has not spread beyond it (extension to the corpus would be disregarded).IA Invasive carcinoma which can be diagnosed only by microscopy, with deepest invasion