Slide 1

OBEJCTIVE: Understand the USs contribution to Allied victory 19.2: American Power Tips the Balance Slide 2 Franz Ferdinand Assassinated April, 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany Slide 3 1. One new type of weapon encountered by soldiers in WW1 was: 2. One of the reasons that the US finally went to war with Germany was the Zimmerman Telegram that encouraged ____to wage war on the US. 3. Germanys decision in January 1917 to engage in unrestricted warfare violated the____pledge. 4. The Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by __________ 5. The Four long-term causes of WWI were: militarism; imperialism;_________; alliances Slide 4 1. Who was President during WW1? PD1 2. One of the reasons that the US finally went to war with Germany was the Zimmerman Telegram, that encouraged_______ to wage war the US. 3. The sinking of the ______ was a reason for American involvement in WW1. 4. The list one of the four long-term causes of WWI : 5. The idealistic argument used to convince Americans to enter WWI on the side of the allies was called the ______ Points. Slide 5 Long Term Causes of WWI Nationalism national interests and unity placed above all else Imperialism Major powers competing over colonies (ex: Russo-Japanese War) Militarism development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy Alliance System created a domino effect in Europe that led to war Slide 6 WWI: How did it begin? Balkans Powder Keg of Europe June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated Gavrilo Princip, Serbian terrorist Slide 7 ALLIES (Triple Entente) France Great Britain Russia CENTRAL POWERS (Triple Alliance) Germany Austria Hungary Ottoman Empire Slide 8 US Goes to War: CONTEXT May 7,1915 sinking of the Lusitania Wilson wins re-election on promise of peace Jan. 31, 1917: Germany declares unlimited submarine warfare Sussex Pledge void. US arms merchant marine Mar. 1, 1917: Zimmerman note discovered April 6, 1917: US declares war Jan. 8, 1918: Wilsons Fourteen Points Address WILSONs IDEAL: war to end war and to make the world safe for democracy, makes an appeal for a new world order of collective security. It would have to be a peace without victorya peace among equals. Slide 9 SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT PROBLEM: Only 200,000 men in uniform SOLUTION: DRAFT OR CONSCRIPT HOW?Selective Service Act of 1917 3 million men drafted 2 million serve see combat ONLY 9 MONTHS OF TRAINING!!! Slide 10 Parade of recruits WWI, photo by Harry M. Rhodes In Denver, automobiles carrying young army recruits parade through the city. (Denver Public Library, Western History Division) Parade of recruits WWI, photo by Harry M. Rhodes Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Slide 11 AMERICA GETS TO THE FIGHT PROBLEM: How to get the troops to Europe SOLUTION: 1. Expand shipbuilding 2. Use the convoy system against subs 3. Mine the North Sea OUTCOME: 1. Only 100 soldiers lost to u-boats 2. Convoys cut Allied losses in half! Slide 12 http://go.hrw.com/ndNSAPI.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20WWI%20Convoy%20System Slide 13 http://www.usmm.org/ww2.html Slide 14 AMERICA GETS IN THE FIGHT Gen. John J. Pershing in command of the AEF (American Expeditionary Force) doughboys Pershing resists using AEF as replacements Pershing wants to fight aggressive war Does not want to fight trench warfare Slide 15 Black troops of the 369th Infantry Regiment in the trenches near Maffrecourt, France, in 1918. Most African American soldiers were assigned to noncombat duty, such as unloading supplies and equipment. () Blacks at the front Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Blacks at the front Slide 16 "Hell Fighters" From Harlem- the 369 th Infantry Division Meuse-Argonne, September 26-October 1, 1918.... On 29 September, the Regiment "... stormed powerful enemy positions,... took, after heavy fighting, the town of Sechault; captured prisoners and brought back six cannons and a great number of machine guns." Despite heavy casualties, the 369th, called "Hell Fighters" by the French and Germans, relentlessly continued the attack at dawn. Raked by enemy machine guns, they assaulted into the woods northeast of Sechault, flanking and overwhelming enemy machine gun positions. The "Le's Go!" elan and indomitable fighting spirit of the 369th Infantry was illustrated throughout the battle action. Their initiative, leadership and gallantry won for their entire Regiment the French Croix de Guerre. http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/topics/afam/afam-usa.htm Slide 17 Slide 18 Slide 19 FightingOver there 1917 Russian Revolution w/d from fight in 1918 Germany focuses on WESTERN FRONT Spring 1918: Germans w/in 40 miles of Paris 30,000 US troops turn tide at Chateau-Thierry Pershing directs US forces in Meuse-Argonne offensive Argonne Forest: 120,000 KIA/casualties US tactics lead to high casualties Slide 20 THE TIDE TURNS AEF arrives just in time to stop German advance on Paris AEF CASUALTIES: 48,000 killed 62,000 die of disease 200,000 wounded Slide 21 LEADERS AND HEREOS Alvin YorkEddie Rickenbacker USs WWI Ace: shot down 26 planes http://www.acepilots.com/wwi/fokker_dri.jpg Red Baron von Richthofen German Ace: Shot down 80 planes York and 17 other men captured 132 German prisoners on October 8, 1918 He was a conscientious objector before the war. Slide 22 http:// www.diggerhistory.info/images/trenches/turks-trench-anzac.jpg noviomagus.tripod.com TRENCH WARFARE Slide 23 http://www.firstworldwar.com/weaponry/machineguns.htm MACHINE GUN Slide 24 http://home.hccnet.nl/h.van.oerle/landshp/landshp2.htm http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/wfront2_02.shtml THE TANK Slide 25 ARTILLERY http://www.worldwar1.com/heritage/bbertha.htm Slide 26 http://www.usgennet.org/usa/topic/preservation/dav1/images1/pg217.jpg 14 inch US naval guns, mounted on railcar to silence Big Bertha Slide 27 GAS Germans first use gas at Ypres in 1915 Allies retaliate Delivered by artillery TYPES: Chlorine Gas Mustard Gas http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/Heller/images/hellerp81.jpg Slide 28 http://www.pilotfriend.com/century-of-flight/Aviation%20history/airplane%20at%20war/images/17a.jpg WAR IN THE AIR: Zeppelins & Biplanes Slide 29 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/wfront1_02.shtml Slide 30 Company K A U.S. soldier of Company K, 110th Infantry Regiment, receives aid during fighting at Verennes, France. (National Archives) Company K Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Slide 31 MEDICAL CARE Dirt, mud, filth Lice, rats, dirty water Poison gas Decaying bodies shell shock Trench foot Great Flu Pandemic of 1918 (20-40 million dead world-wide) Slide 32 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/wfront1_02.shtml Slide 33 "The Prisoners and the Wounded," October, 1918 by Harvey Dunn Harvey Dunn's 1918 painting (detail) of weary soldiers in the First World War captures the misery of frontline battle. (Smithsonian Institute, Division of Political History, Washington, D.C.) "The Prisoners and the Wounded," October, 1918 by Harvey Dunn Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Slide 34 THE COLLAPSE OF GERMANY Nov. 3, 1918: German sailors mutiny Nov. 9. 1918: Berlin rebels The Kaiser flees to the Netherlands CEASEFIRE: 11 th hour, 11 th day, 11 th month FINAL TOLL: 4 years of fighting, involving 30 nations 26 million dead ( half are civilians) 20 million wounded 10 million refugees COST= $350,000,000,000 Slide 35 Franz Ferdinand Assassinated April, 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany